Szumy uszne
Epidemiologia

Szumy uszne (tinnitus) to subiektywne odczucie dźwięków bez zewnętrznego źródła, najczęściej opisywane jako dzwonienie, brzęczenie czy pulsowanie. Globalna częstość występowania szumów usznych u dorosłych wynosi około 14,4%, z ciężkimi postaciami u 2,3%. Epidemiologia wykazuje znaczne zróżnicowanie geograficzne i demograficzne, z wyższą częstością u osób starszych (szczyt w wieku 75-79 lat) oraz u młodych dorosłych narażonych na hałas i używanie słuchawek. Najsilniejszym czynnikiem ryzyka jest niedosłuch odbiorczy, szczególnie przy ubytku >65 dB, gdzie częstość szumów sięga 78,6%. Inne czynniki ryzyka to ekspozycja na hałas zawodowy i rekreacyjny, urazy głowy, nadciśnienie tętnicze, zapalenie stawów, infekcje ucha, stres, palenie tytoniu, otyłość i cukrzyca. Zachorowalność na szumy uszne w badaniach longitudinalnych wynosi około 5,7-8,7% w okresie 4-5 lat, a objawy mają charakter przewlekły u większości pacjentów (81,8% bez zmiany dokuczliwości po 4 latach). Szumy uszne stanowią istotne obciążenie dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej, szczególnie wśród weteranów wojskowych, gdzie częstość przewlekłych szumów jest wyższa (OR 1,29).

  1. Epidemiologia szumów usznych – przegląd globalny
    1. Zróżnicowanie geograficzne rozpowszechnienia szumów usznych
    2. Rozpowszechnienie szumów usznych w różnych grupach wiekowych
  2. Czynniki ryzyka i związki z innymi schorzeniami
    1. Niedosłuch jako główny czynnik ryzyka
    2. Ekspozycja na hałas
    3. Inne czynniki ryzyka
  3. Tendencje i zmiany w czasie
    1. Zachorowalność na szumy uszne
    2. Naturalny przebieg szumów usznych
  4. Obciążenie systemów opieki zdrowotnej
  5. Implikacje dla zdrowia publicznego i profilaktyki
    1. Zalecenia dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej
  6. Wyzwania w badaniach nad szumami usznymi
  7. Znaczenie badań epidemiologicznych
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Epidemiologia szumów usznych – przegląd globalny

Szumy uszne (tinnitus) to częsta dolegliwość, definiowana jako świadome postrzeganie dźwięku przy braku zewnętrznego źródła dźwięku. Zjawisko to określane jest również jako „dźwięk fantomowy”. Szumy uszne opisywane są najczęściej jako dzwonienie, brzęczenie, pulsowanie, klikanie, syczenie, szumienie lub inne dźwięki słyszane w uchu lub głowie12. Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia (WHO) definiuje szumy uszne jako objaw zaburzenia słuchu charakteryzujący się odczuwaniem brzęczenia, dzwonienia, klikania, pulsowania, tarcia, syczenia, ryku lub innych dźwięków w uchu3.

Badania nad globalnym rozpowszechnieniem szumów usznych wskazują na znaczne zróżnicowanie wyników w zależności od badanej populacji, metodologii badawczej oraz przyjętej definicji szumów usznych45. Kompleksowa analiza naukowej literatury wskazuje, że ogólna częstość występowania szumów usznych w populacji osób dorosłych wynosi około 14,4%, natomiast u dzieci 13,6%. Częstość występowania ciężkich szumów usznych szacowana jest na 2,3% u dorosłych i 2,7% u dzieci6.

Według największej dotychczas przeprowadzonej analizy epidemiologicznej szumów usznych w populacji dorosłych Amerykanów, szacuje się, że spośród 222,1 miliona dorosłych Amerykanów, 21,4 miliona (9,6%) doświadczyło szumów usznych w ciągu ostatnich 12 miesięcy7. W badaniu tym wykazano, że pomimo dużej częstości występowania szumów usznych, większość respondentów określała swoje objawy jako nieproblematyczne lub stanowiące jedynie niewielki problem8.

Zróżnicowanie geograficzne rozpowszechnienia szumów usznych

Częstość występowania szumów usznych wykazuje znaczne zróżnicowanie geograficzne. W badaniu przeprowadzonym na dużej niemieckiej kohorcie z projektu Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) stwierdzono, że ogólna częstość występowania szumów usznych wynosiła 26,1%, przy czym dokuczliwe szumy uszne dotyczyły 9,8% badanych910. Po uwzględnieniu wag populacyjnych, ogólna częstość występowania szumów usznych w Niemczech oszacowana została na 26,2%1112.

W Jordanii, pierwsze badanie określające rozpowszechnienie szumów usznych wykazało wysoką częstość występowania, wynoszącą 28,8%. Wśród osób z szumami usznymi, 72,8% zgłaszało szumy niepulsacyjne, 95,5% szumy przerywane, a 57,4% szumy obustronne13. Ta wysoka częstość występowania szumów usznych w Jordanii może być przypisana zwiększonej częstości niedosłuchu odbiorczego z powodu wielu czynników, w tym braku regulacji poziomu hałasu w miejscu pracy, niekontrolowanego stosowania leków ototoksycznych oraz zwiększonego wskaźnika małżeństw między krewnymi, sięgającego prawie 35%14.

W Palestynie częstość występowania szumów usznych oszacowano na 30,6% wśród dorosłych, co mieści się w zakresie globalnego rozpowszechnienia szumów usznych (5-43%)15. Badanie to wykazało, że u 41,9% uczestników z szumami usznymi występowała rodzinna historia szumów usznych, w porównaniu do 28,3% osób dotkniętych szumami usznymi bez takiej historii rodzinnej16.

W Australii badania wykazały, że około 14-20% populacji doświadcza szumów usznych w pewnym momencie życia17. W badaniu australijskiej populacji pracującej stwierdzono, że 26,5% respondentów zgłaszało doświadczanie szumów usznych: 14,3% sporadycznie, 5,2% okresowo, a 6,9% stale18. Po uwzględnieniu wag populacyjnych oszacowano, że 2,4 miliona pracowników (24,8%) doświadcza szumów usznych, w tym 529 343 osób z ciągłymi szumami usznymi (5,5%)19.

W Kanadzie najnowsze badania sugerują, że około 37% dorosłych Kanadyjczyków (9,2 miliona) doświadczyło szumów usznych w ciągu ostatniego roku. Dla 7% były one dokuczliwe, wpływając na takie aspekty życia jak sen, koncentracja i nastrój20. Rozpowszechnienie szumów usznych w Kanadzie jest ponad dwukrotnie wyższe niż wcześniej szacowane 15%21.

W Wielkiej Brytanii najnowsze badania sugerują, że 1 na 7 dorosłych ma szumy uszne, co przekłada się na ponad 7 milionów dorosłych22. Według wytycznych NHS Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (2019), 10% populacji będzie miało szumy uszne w pewnym momencie życia, przy czym będą one umiarkowanie dokuczliwe dla 2,8% populacji, poważnie dokuczliwe dla 1,6%, a zaburzające zdolność do normalnego życia dla 0,5% populacji23.

W badaniu przeprowadzonym w São Paulo, największym mieście Brazylii, częstość występowania szumów usznych określono na 22%, co było wyższe niż wcześniej szacowano2425. Badanie to wykazało również stopniowo rosnącą częstość występowania szumów usznych wraz z wiekiem26.

W Japonii badanie przeprowadzone wśród osób starszych wykazało, że częstość występowania szumów usznych wynosiła 18,6% (mężczyźni: 18,0%; kobiety: 19,0%), bez statystycznie istotnych różnic w zależności od grupy wiekowej lub płci27.

Rozpowszechnienie szumów usznych w różnych grupach wiekowych

Częstość występowania szumów usznych wykazuje tendencję do wzrostu wraz z wiekiem, osiągając szczyt w wieku 75-79 lat2829. Jednak interesujący jest fakt, że młodsi dorośli również doświadczają szumów usznych ze znaczącą częstotliwością. Badanie przeprowadzone wśród młodych dorosłych w wieku 18-30 lat wykazało, że około 17,7% zgłaszało dokuczliwe szumy uszne trwające ≥5 minut w ciągu ostatnich 12 miesięcy. Częstość występowania przewlekłych szumów usznych (dokuczliwe szumy trwające ≥1 rok) i ostrych szumów usznych (dokuczliwe szumy trwające <1 rok) wynosiła odpowiednio 10,6% i 7,1%30.

W badaniu kanadyjskim wykazano, że młodsze osoby w wieku 19-29 lat częściej niż osoby w starszych grupach wiekowych doświadczały szumów usznych w ciągu ostatniego roku, ale jednocześnie częściej zgłaszały, że nie były nimi zaniepokojone31. Wyższa częstość występowania szumów usznych w młodszym wieku może być częściowo wyjaśniona używaniem urządzeń audio ze słuchawkami lub dousznymi słuchawkami oraz narażeniem na głośny hałas z innych źródeł. W badaniu tym 80% dorosłych w najmłodszej grupie wiekowej zgłaszało używanie słuchawek lub słuchawek dousznych podłączonych do urządzeń audio w ciągu ostatniego roku, znacznie więcej niż dorośli w wieku 30-49 lub 50-79 lat. Średni tygodniowy czas słuchania był wyższy dla osób w wieku 19-29 lat niż dla średniej i starszej grupy wiekowej32.

Szczególnie niepokojące są dane dotyczące szumów usznych u nastolatków. Badanie epidemiologiczne przeprowadzone wśród uczniów szkół średnich wykazało, że częstość występowania tymczasowych szumów usznych wywołanych hałasem i stałych szumów usznych wynosiła odpowiednio 74,9% i 18,3%33. Pomimo bardzo wysokiej częstości występowania szumów usznych w tak młodej populacji, wskaźnik stosowania ochrony słuchu i wiedza na temat zagrożeń związanych z głośną muzyką są niezwykle niskie34.

Z drugiej strony, według danych z Amerykańskiego Stowarzyszenia Szumów Usznych, około 50 milionów ludzi w Stanach Zjednoczonych ma przewlekłe szumy uszne, definiowane jako utrzymujące się przez ponad sześć miesięcy. Przekłada się to na około 20% dorosłych. Dla 12 milionów są one na tyle poważne, że zakłócają codzienne czynności i znacząco wpływają na jakość ich życia3536.

Czynniki ryzyka i związki z innymi schorzeniami

Niedosłuch jako główny czynnik ryzyka

Najsilniejszym i najlepiej udokumentowanym czynnikiem ryzyka szumów usznych jest niedosłuch. Badania wykazały, że u uczestników z ciężkim do całkowitego niedosłuchem (>65 dB) istnieje większe prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia szumów usznych3738. Częstość występowania szumów usznych wzrastała wraz z nasileniem niedosłuchu według klasyfikacji WHO, osiągając szczytową częstość wynoszącą 78,6% wśród osób z ciężkim niedosłuchem3940.

Wśród uczestników z szumami usznymi, 39,7% mogło potrzebować aparatu słuchowego na podstawie audiometrii tonalnej, w porównaniu do 26,9% uczestników bez szumów usznych4142. Szacuje się, że 75% osób z niedosłuchem może doświadczać szumów usznych, podczas gdy tylko 20-30% osób zgłaszających szumy uszne ma normalny słuch43. Dane z Hearing Health Foundation wskazują, że 90% przypadków szumów usznych występuje z towarzyszącym niedosłuchem44.

Ponieważ niedosłuch odgrywa główną rolę w rozwoju szumów usznych i towarzyszy temu schorzeniu w 90% przypadków, skupienie się na poprawie słuchu wydaje się być logiczną strategią, którą należy uwzględnić w procesie leczenia45.

Ekspozycja na hałas

Narażenie na hałas, zarówno zawodowe, jak i rekreacyjne, jest uznanym czynnikiem ryzyka szumów usznych. W badaniu młodych dorosłych modelowanie ryzyka wykazało, że ekspozycja na hałas była najważniejszym czynnikiem ryzyka przewlekłych szumów usznych46. Częstość występowania szumów usznych była najwyższa w zawodach najbardziej narażonych na niebezpieczne poziomy hałasu (rolnictwo, budownictwo, przemysł motoryzacyjny, operatorzy maszyn)47.

Według danych z Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), około 7% wszystkich pracowników budowlanych w USA ma szumy uszne48. NIH informuje, że osoby pracujące w hałaśliwym środowisku, takie jak pracownicy fabryk, budowlani, ekipy drogowe, a nawet muzycy, są szczególnie narażone na rozwój szumów usznych i niedosłuchu związanego z hałasem49.

Interesujące badanie wykazało konsekwentne pozytywne związki między uciążliwością różnych źródeł hałasu a szumami usznymi, ze wzrostem ilorazów szans w zakresie od 4 do 11% po uwzględnieniu płci, wieku i statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego50. Badanie to jako pierwsze analizowało związek między uciążliwością hałasu a obecnością i uciążliwością szumów usznych w dużej kohorcie z populacji ogólnej51.

Inne czynniki ryzyka

Oprócz niedosłuchu i narażenia na hałas, badania epidemiologiczne zidentyfikowały szereg innych czynników ryzyka związanych z szumami usznymi:

  • Wiek – częstość występowania szumów usznych wzrasta z wiekiem, osiągając szczyt w wieku 75-79 lat5253
  • Płeć – niektóre badania sugerują wyższą częstość występowania szumów usznych u mężczyzn, podczas gdy inne nie wykazują różnic związanych z płcią5455
  • Schorzenia związane z głową i szyją – ból głowy i szyi, zawroty głowy, zaburzenia snu i problemy otorynolaryngologiczne są jednymi z najczęstszych czynników związanych z szumami usznymi56
  • Urazy głowy – osoby zgłaszające urazy głowy wykazywały znacznie wyższe prawdopodobieństwo zgłaszania przewlekłych szumów usznych57
  • Nadciśnienie tętnicze – wśród osób z wysokim ciśnieniem krwi lub obecnie przyjmujących leki kontrolujące ciśnienie krwi, 42% doświadczyło szumów usznych w ciągu ostatniego roku, w porównaniu z 35% osób bez nadciśnienia58
  • Zapalenie stawów – 43% osób z zapaleniem stawów zgłaszało szumy uszne, w porównaniu do 35% osób bez tego schorzenia59
  • Nawracające infekcje ucha – badania wykazały, że przewlekłe szumy uszne były znacznie częstsze u mężczyzn zgłaszających wysokie narażenie na hałas, pozytywną historię nawracających infekcji uszu, europejskie pochodzenie etniczne oraz pozytywną historię zdrowotną60
  • Stres – badania wykazały wysoki poziom objawów stresu u pacjentów z przewlekłymi subiektywnymi szumami usznymi, szczególnie w fazie odporności i wyczerpania organizmu61. Istnieje wystarczająco dużo dowodów potwierdzających zrozumienie, że szumy uszne wywołują stres. Jednak wciąż niewiele wiadomo o tym, czy stres jest odpowiedzialny za pojawienie się lub nasilenie szumów usznych62
  • Palenie tytoniu, otyłość i cukrzyca – badania wykazały wyższe wskaźniki szumów usznych u palaczy, osób otyłych i chorych na cukrzycę63

Tendencje i zmiany w czasie

Zachorowalność na szumy uszne

Podczas gdy dane dotyczące rozpowszechnienia szumów usznych są stosunkowo dobrze udokumentowane, dane dotyczące zachorowalności (nowych przypadków w czasie) są bardziej ograniczone. W brytyjskim badaniu 4-letnia zachorowalność na szumy uszne wynosiła 8,7%6465. Badanie przeprowadzone w populacji dorosłych w wieku 48-92 lat wykazało, że częstość występowania szumów usznych na początku wynosiła 8,2%, a zachorowalność wynosiła 5,7% w ciągu pięcioletniego okresu obserwacji6667.

W badaniu przeprowadzonym w Wielkiej Brytanii zidentyfikowano 109 783 dorosłych z pierwszą diagnozą szumów usznych między 2000 a 2016 rokiem, co daje ogólny standaryzowany względem wieku współczynnik zachorowalności wynoszący 25,0 nowych przypadków szumów usznych na 10 000 osobolat. W całym okresie badania obserwowano stały wzrost zachorowalności na szumy uszne68.

W badaniu przeprowadzonym wśród osób w średnim wieku (40-69 lat) w Wielkiej Brytanii zidentyfikowano prawie 170 000 nowych przypadków klinicznie istotnych szumów usznych w latach 2002-2011. Skumulowana zachorowalność wskazywała, że jedna osoba na 171 prawdopodobnie doświadczyła klinicznie istotnych szumów usznych w 10-letnim okresie badania. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, współczynnik zachorowalności wzrastał stopniowo wraz z wiekiem, przy czym najwyższą zachorowalność obserwowano u mężczyzn i kobiet w wieku 60-69 lat69.

Naturalny przebieg szumów usznych

Badania nad naturalnym przebiegiem szumów usznych sugerują, że jest to stan w dużej mierze trwały, a ustąpienie objawów jest stosunkowo rzadkie. W brytyjskim badaniu longitudinalnym wśród osób, które nadal doświadczały szumów usznych, 81,8% zgłaszało, że dokuczliwość szumów usznych nie zmieniła się po 4 latach, u 9% szumy uszne pogorszyły się (wcześniej nie dokuczliwe, teraz dokuczliwe), a u 9% poprawiły się (wcześniej dokuczliwe, teraz nie)70.

Biorąc pod uwagę w dużej mierze trwały charakter szumów usznych, strategie zdrowia publicznego powinny koncentrować się na: (1) profilaktyce pierwotnej oraz (2) zarządzaniu objawami u osób, które mają szumy uszne i monitorowaniu zmian w ich dokuczliwości71.

Obciążenie systemów opieki zdrowotnej

Szumy uszne stanowią znaczące obciążenie dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej na całym świecie. Według danych z Hearing Health Foundation, 16 milionów Amerykanów rocznie szuka pomocy medycznej z powodu szumów usznych72. Szacuje się, że co najmniej 20% osób zdiagnozowanych z szumami usznymi będzie szukać interwencji klinicznej73.

W Stanach Zjednoczonych liczba pacjentów, którzy otrzymali opiekę medyczną z powodu szumów usznych, wynosiła 1,44% (0,78 miliona na 51 milionów) w 2015 roku74. Badanie to ma ograniczenia, ponieważ obejmowało tylko pacjentów korzystających z usług medycznych z powodu szumów usznych i pominęło osoby cierpiące na szumy uszne, które nie szukały pomocy medycznej. Jednak jest ono znaczące, ponieważ dotyczyło całego kraju i odzwierciedlało cechy pacjentów z klinicznie istotnymi szumami usznymi, wystarczająco poważnymi, aby skorzystać z usług medycznych75.

Szumy uszne są szczególnie powszechne wśród weteranów wojskowych. Analiza wieloczynnikowa danych z USA ze specjalnego dodatku do Narodowego Badania Wywiadu Zdrowotnego z 1994 r. wykazała, że weterani służby wojskowej mieli zwiększone prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia przewlekłych szumów usznych (trwających co najmniej 3 miesiące) w porównaniu z osobami, które nie służyły w wojsku (OR 1,29, 95% CI 1,17-1,43)76. W rzeczywistości szumy uszne są jednym z najczęstszych związanych ze służbą schorzeń wśród weteranów powracających z Iraku i Afganistanu77.

Implikacje dla zdrowia publicznego i profilaktyki

Biorąc pod uwagę wysoką częstość występowania szumów usznych i ich potencjalnie negatywny wpływ na jakość życia, szumy uszne stanowią istotny problem zdrowia publicznego78. Ze względu na zmiany demograficzne oczekuje się, że częstość ich występowania wzrośnie79.

Niezależnie od jakiegokolwiek wzrostu częstości występowania samodzielnie zgłaszanych szumów usznych, możemy obserwować wzrost poszukiwania pomocy w przypadku przewlekłych stanów, takich jak szumy uszne. Ludzie obecnie mają wyższe oczekiwania zdrowotne niż kilka pokoleń temu, więc szumy uszne stanowią znaczne i rosnące obciążenie dla naszego systemu opieki zdrowotnej, szczególnie w połączeniu ze starzeniem się populacji w wielu krajach zachodnich i zmianami stylu życia, które mogą zwiększać podatność80.

Szumy uszne są silnie związane z niedosłuchem odbiorczym (SNHL), dlatego środki zapobiegające narażeniu na hałas zawodowy i rekreacyjny mogą być korzystne81. Szczególnie niepokojące jest to, że szumy uszne mogą być również zwiastunem trwałego niedosłuchu, który jest jedną z głównych niepełnosprawności uznanych przez administrację weteranów82.

Przyszłe kampanie profilaktyczne powinny bardziej koncentrować się na szumach usznych jako sygnale ostrzegawczym uszkodzenia spowodowanego hałasem i podkreślać, że także tymczasowe objawy mogą prowadzić do trwałego uszkodzenia spowodowanego hałasem83. Kanadyjczycy mogliby skorzystać z większej świadomości na temat szumów usznych, strategii zapobiegania i opcji zarządzania84.

Zalecenia dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej

Biorąc pod uwagę wysoką częstość występowania szumów usznych i ich wpływ na jakość życia, Amerykańska Akademia Otolaryngologii Głowy i Szyi (AAO-HNSF) opublikowała niedawno swoje pierwsze, wielodyscyplinarne, oparte na dowodach wytyczne praktyki klinicznej, aby zapewnić klinicystom ramy do zarządzania pacjentami z szumami usznymi85.

Komitet ds. Szumów Usznych i Hałasu szczególnie zaleca, aby Department of Defense dodał monitorowanie szumów usznych zarówno do rutynowego nadzoru zdrowotnego, jak i do nadzoru audiologicznego, który jest częścią programów ochrony słuchu w służbach. Zakres programów ochrony słuchu służb wojskowych mógłby zostać odpowiednio poszerzony, aby objąć zapobieganie szumom usznym, a także niedosłuchowi86.

Skuteczność odpowiednio prowadzonej porady terapeutycznej została udokumentowana przez wysokiej jakości dowody zgodnie ze standardami EBM i została uwzględniona we wszystkich aktualnych wytycznych międzynarodowych87. Według obecnie dostępnych raportów badawczych, które otrzymały pozytywną walidację EBM i są zgodne z najnowszymi globalnymi wytycznymi diagnostycznymi i terapeutycznymi, należy stwierdzić, że znaczną redukcję nasilenia szumów usznych i poprawę jakości życia pacjentów osiąga się poprzez terapię poznawczo-behawioralną poprzedzoną odpowiednio przeprowadzoną konsultacją/poradą terapeutyczną (poradnictwo) i odpowiednią interwencją słuchową88.

Zebrane tutaj informacje pośrednio sugerują konieczność oceny psychologicznej podczas diagnozowania pacjentów z szumami usznymi. Interwencja psychologiczna z celem strategii zarządzania stresem wydaje się być niezbędnym elementem w leczeniu szumów usznych, szczególnie ważnym do stosowania we wczesnych stadiach szumów usznych, zanim nastąpi utrwalenie zmian plastycznych, biorąc pod uwagę, że stres jest silnie związany z szumami usznymi, jako przyczyna lub skutek89.

Wyzwania w badaniach nad szumami usznymi

Pomimo licznych badań nad szumami usznymi, wciąż istnieje wiele wyzwań w zrozumieniu i leczeniu tego stanu. Patofizjologia szumów usznych nie jest jeszcze w pełni zrozumiana90. Mimo dużej liczby interwencji terapeutycznych i badań twierdzących, że odniosły sukces w leczeniu szumów usznych, leczenie przyczynowe pozostaje nieuchwytne91.

Kluczowym ograniczeniem obecnych badań nad szumami usznymi i wszystkich innych badań nad szumami usznymi jest brak wiarygodnego obiektywnego pomiaru szumów usznych i brak zgody co do ważności lub charakterystyki fenotypów szumów usznych92. Studium badań europejskich ESIT (European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research) może przynieść nowe dane na temat epidemiologii szumów usznych w Europie, co może pomóc w lepszym zrozumieniu tego zaburzenia93.

Instytuty Bioniki w Australii opracowują obiektywny test szumów usznych, aby pomóc w diagnozie, ułatwić dokładniejsze monitorowanie objawów i przyspieszyć rozwój nowych metod leczenia. Wyniki badań naukowych wykazały mierzalne różnice między osobami z szumami usznymi i bez nich oraz rozróżnienie między subiektywnymi stopniami nasilenia94.

Znaczenie badań epidemiologicznych

Badania epidemiologiczne są kluczowe dla zrozumienia rozpowszechnienia szumów usznych w różnych populacjach. Badania longitudinalne są potrzebne, aby wypełnić luki w naszym zrozumieniu, jak częstość występowania szumów usznych zmienia się w czasie, jak cechy szumów usznych zmieniają się u poszczególnych osób oraz aby ustalić determinanty nowo pojawiających się szumów usznych95.

Badania populacyjne szumów usznych dostarczają kluczowych dowodów bazowych, które podkreślają potrzebę dalszych badań nad skuteczną diagnozą i klinicznym zarządzaniem tym heterogenicznym stanem. Ponadto, takie badania dostarczają dowodów na obciążenie tym stanem zarówno populacji ogólnej, jak i na świadczenie usług opieki zdrowotnej96.

Odpowiednia ocena częstości występowania szumów usznych i badanie czynników ryzyka związanych z szumami usznymi mogłyby pomóc w rozpoznaniu obciążenia szumami usznymi i potrzeby odpowiedniej alokacji zasobów. Zrozumienie epidemiologii szumów usznych jest kluczowe dla rozwiązania pytań na poziomie populacji oraz identyfikacji i ilościowego określenia ekspozycji, które predysponują jednostkę do szumów usznych97.

Obecne badanie obserwacyjne wykazało rosnącą częstość występowania szumów usznych w czasie, podkreślając stale rosnące obciążenie zdrowotne98. Szacuje się, że globalnie szumy uszne dotykają ponad 740 milionów ludzi i są odczuwane jako główny problem przez ponad 120 milionów osób, głównie w wieku 65 lat lub więcej99.

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  1. 11.04.2026
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Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Tinnitus: Epidemiology, Causes and Emerging Therapeutic Treatments – Nova Science Publishers
    https://novapublishers.com/shop/tinnitus-epidemiology-causes-and-emerging-therapeutic-treatments/
    Tinnitus is not a disease, but rather a symptom or condition characterized by a conscious perception of an unreal sound in the absence of external auditory stimulus. This ontological condition can modify everyday life in different ways: causing distress and annoyance, sleep disruption, anxiety and depression. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes tinnitus as a symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, grinding, hissing, roaring or other noises in the ear. […] This book provides current research on the epidemiology, causes and emerging treatments for tinnitus.
  • #2 Tinnitus: Epidemiology, Causes & Emerging Therapeutic Treatments
    https://medbook.com.pl/en/otorhinolaryngology/57730-tinnitus-epidemiology-causes-emerging-therapeutic-treatments-jol-watson-75093.html?srsltid=AfmBOopSO1foKQj_7juFdmoRVSUscJFoLQFbLj-2IPtMMGeXu5_6Xxlr
    Tinnitus is not a disease, but rather a symptom or condition characterised by a conscious perception of an unreal sound in the absence of external auditory stimulus. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) describes tinnitus as a symptom of hearing disorder characterised by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, grinding, hissing, roaring or other noises in the ear. […] This book provides current research on the epidemiology, causes and emerging treatments for tinnitus.
  • #3 Tinnitus: Epidemiology, Causes and Emerging Therapeutic Treatments – Nova Science Publishers
    https://novapublishers.com/shop/tinnitus-epidemiology-causes-and-emerging-therapeutic-treatments/
    Tinnitus is not a disease, but rather a symptom or condition characterized by a conscious perception of an unreal sound in the absence of external auditory stimulus. This ontological condition can modify everyday life in different ways: causing distress and annoyance, sleep disruption, anxiety and depression. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes tinnitus as a symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, grinding, hissing, roaring or other noises in the ear. […] This book provides current research on the epidemiology, causes and emerging treatments for tinnitus.
  • #4
    https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Fulltext/2018/07000/Epidemiology_of_Clinically_Significant_Tinnitus__A.4.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cotology-neurotology:2018:07000:00004%7C%7C
    Prevalence of tinnitus has been reported to vary according to the target population and definition of tinnitus. […] The number of patients who received medical care because of tinnitus was 1.44% (0.78 million per 51 million) in 2015. There was a higher prevalence of tinnitus in women, and the overall prevalence increased with increasing age of patients and peaked at patients in their 70s (4.43%). […] The prevalence and incidence of tinnitus in this study for entire nation were lower than previously reported studies. These results have limitation because the study only covered patient using the medical service for tinnitus and missed tinnitus sufferers not seeking medical service. However, this study is meaningful in that it was targeting entire nation, reflected the characteristics of clinically significant tinnitus patient enough to visit medical service.
  • #5 Prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus among adult Palestinians: a cross-sectional study | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24015-w
    Tinnitus is a common complaint with potentially negative impact on quality of life. Prevalence of tinnitus ranges from 5 to 43% worldwide. […] The prevalence of any tinnitus was 30.6% among adult Palestinians. […] Our study provides novel information regarding tinnitus in Palestine and improves our understanding of tinnitus. This will improve the diagnosis and consequently will contribute in reducing the prevalence and perhaps in preventing tinnitus. […] The global prevalence of tinnitus ranges from 5 to 43%. […] In general, variations in the prevalence of tinnitus may arise from the heterogeneity of tinnitus assessment, tinnitus criteria, associated risk factors and underlying mechanisms and clinical manifestations. […] Our study shows that 41.9% of tinnitus-affected participants have a family history of tinnitus compared to only 28.3% of those tinnitus-affected participants without family history.
  • #6 Epidemiology of Tinnitus: Frequency of the Condition | SpringerLink
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-35647-6_4
    We conducted an umbrella review of the scientific literature followed by a systematic review to comprehensively collect existing evidence on global prevalence from national or regional representative samples of tinnitus. […] Overall, prevalence of any tinnitus was 14.4% in adults and 13.6% in children; prevalence of severe tinnitus was 2.3% in adults and 2.7% in children. […] Our results indicate that globally tinnitus affects more than 740 million people and is felt as a major problem by more than 120 million subjects, mostly aged 65 years or more.
  • #7 Tinnitus Epidemiology: Prevalence, Severity, Exposures And Treatment Patterns In The United States
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5812683/
    Largest analysis to date of tinnitus epidemiology in the American adult population. […] To quantify the epidemiology and impact of tinnitus and to analyze its management in the United States relative to the 2014 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) clinical practice guideline on tinnitus. […] Among 222.13.4 million American adults, 21.43.4 million (9.60.3%) experienced tinnitus in the past 12 months. […] The contemporary national prevalence of tinnitus is approximately one in 10 adults. […] Given its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) recently published its first-ever, multi-disciplinary, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to provide clinicians a framework for managing patients with tinnitus.
  • #8 Tinnitus Epidemiology: Prevalence, Severity, Exposures And Treatment Patterns In The United States
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5812683/
    These survey results were then compared to AAO-HNSF recommendations to identify areas of potential improvement in the management of tinnitus, and to guide future studies in the management of tinnitus after the implementations of the above guidelines. […] The AAO-HNSF guidelines are intended to address the management of the subset of tinnitus sufferers with symptom persistence for at least 6 months, which constitutes a large portion of our study cohort. […] However, independent of symptom duration, most of the respondents with tinnitus believed their symptoms to be not a problem or only a small problem. […] Despite this, we found that most had not discussed their problem with a physician, and many more had never tried any form of remedy. […] The analysis of responses from 75,764 American adults, representing a sample of over 220 million people, confirms that tinnitus is prevalent in the general adult population.
  • #9 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052845/
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Considering only annoying tinnitus, the prevalence was 9.8%. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus.
  • #10 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (>65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Given demographic changes, its prevalence is expected to increase. […] The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinnitus in a large, population-based, randomly selected cohort, and to correlate the occurrence of tinnitus with hearing loss, as determined by pure-tone audiometry.
  • #11 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052845/
    Generalizing the prevalence results weighted to the ESP 2013, the overall prevalence of tinnitus is 26.2%. […] The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinnitus in a large, population-based, randomly selected cohort, and to correlate the occurrence of tinnitus with hearing loss, as determined by pure-tone audiometry. […] This study adds to the literature by reporting tinnitus prevalence in a large, population-based cohort. […] Tinnitus is a common condition. As it increases with age, we must assume a rising prevalence in the ageing population.
  • #12 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    The GHS cohort included 15,010 participants at baseline. […] A total of 4942 participants were included (2550 men and 2392 women). […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus. […] Generalizing the prevalence results weighted to the ESP 2013, the overall prevalence of tinnitus is 26.2%. […] Overall, this study adds to the literature by reporting tinnitus prevalence in a large, population-based cohort. […] This is the first study known to the authors to provide a comprehensive report on the prevalence of tinnitus and its association with hearing loss in Germany.
  • #13 Epidemiology and Characteristics of Tinnitus in Jordan
    https://www.tinnitusjournal.com/articles/epidemiology-and-characteristics-of-tinnitus-in-jordan-29026.html
    Epidemiology and Characteristics of Tinnitus in Jordan […] Our study is the first study to demonstrate the prevalence of tinnitus in Jordan and its characteristics. […] The prevalence of tinnitus was 28.8% with 72.8% reporting non-pulsatile tinnitus, 95.5% reporting intermittent tinnitus and 57.4% had bilateral tinnitus. […] Tinnitus is a common condition with high prevalence in Jordan denoting the significance of diagnosis and offering treatment especially for debilitating cases. […] Given the scarcity of data describing the prevalence of tinnitus in Jordan, our study aims to outline the characteristics and prevalence of tinnitus in Jordan. […] In our study the prevalence of tinnitus in Jordan was found to be 28.8%. This is considered to be high in comparison with other studies, especially in contrast to neighboring countries.
  • #14 Epidemiology and Characteristics of Tinnitus in Jordan
    https://www.tinnitusjournal.com/articles/epidemiology-and-characteristics-of-tinnitus-in-jordan-29026.html
    The high prevalence of tinnitus in Jordan can be attributed to increased incidence of sensorineural hearing loss due to many factors including but not limited to the lack of regulation of noise level in the workplace, uncontrolled use of ototoxic medications, lack of regular hearing assessment for those patients and increasing rate of consanguineous marriages reaching almost 35%. […] Our study revealed the high prevalence of tinnitus in Jordan. Most of the factors affecting tinnitus are modifiable. Hence, regulations should be applied to control these risk factors.
  • #15 Prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus among adult Palestinians: a cross-sectional study | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24015-w
    Tinnitus is a common complaint with potentially negative impact on quality of life. Prevalence of tinnitus ranges from 5 to 43% worldwide. […] The prevalence of any tinnitus was 30.6% among adult Palestinians. […] Our study provides novel information regarding tinnitus in Palestine and improves our understanding of tinnitus. This will improve the diagnosis and consequently will contribute in reducing the prevalence and perhaps in preventing tinnitus. […] The global prevalence of tinnitus ranges from 5 to 43%. […] In general, variations in the prevalence of tinnitus may arise from the heterogeneity of tinnitus assessment, tinnitus criteria, associated risk factors and underlying mechanisms and clinical manifestations. […] Our study shows that 41.9% of tinnitus-affected participants have a family history of tinnitus compared to only 28.3% of those tinnitus-affected participants without family history.
  • #16 Prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus among adult Palestinians: a cross-sectional study | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24015-w
    Tinnitus is a common complaint with potentially negative impact on quality of life. Prevalence of tinnitus ranges from 5 to 43% worldwide. […] The prevalence of any tinnitus was 30.6% among adult Palestinians. […] Our study provides novel information regarding tinnitus in Palestine and improves our understanding of tinnitus. This will improve the diagnosis and consequently will contribute in reducing the prevalence and perhaps in preventing tinnitus. […] The global prevalence of tinnitus ranges from 5 to 43%. […] In general, variations in the prevalence of tinnitus may arise from the heterogeneity of tinnitus assessment, tinnitus criteria, associated risk factors and underlying mechanisms and clinical manifestations. […] Our study shows that 41.9% of tinnitus-affected participants have a family history of tinnitus compared to only 28.3% of those tinnitus-affected participants without family history.
  • #17 Tinnitus – Bionics Institute
    https://www.bionicsinstitute.org/our-disease-focus/tinnitus/
    In Australia, around 14-20% of people are estimated to experience tinnitus at some point in their life, and 25% of the Australian workforce experience tinnitus: 15% occasional, 5% intermittent and 6% constant) [1]. […] Tinnitus Epidemiology: Prevalence, Severity, Exposures And Treatment Patterns In The United States. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Feb 14];142(10):959–65. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5812683/pdf/nihms940519.pdf […] The Bionics Institute are developing an objective test of tinnitus, to aid diagnosis; facilitate more accurate symptom monitoring, and accelerate development of new treatments. […] The results of research studies have shown measurable differences between people with and without tinnitus, and distinguishing between subjective severities.
  • #18 The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian working population | The Medical Journal of Australia
    https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2022/216/4/prevalence-tinnitus-australian-working-population
    Of 4970 respondents, 1317 reported experiencing tinnitus (26.5%): 713 people had occasional tinnitus (14.3%), 259 intermittent tinnitus (5.2%), and 345 constant tinnitus (6.9%). […] After rake weighting our survey responses, we estimated that 2.4 million workers (24.8%; 95% CI, 23.226.4%) experience tinnitus, including 529 343 with constant tinnitus (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.66.3%). […] The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian workforce is high, particularly in certain occupations. […] We estimate that about one-quarter of Australian workers experience tinnitus, including half a million for whom it is always present. […] Tinnitus is more frequent in people employed as automotive workers, drivers, farmers, and in other trades. […] Workers in certain occupations are at particular risk of developing tinnitus, and targeted workplace interventions are needed to reduce its impact on their quality of life.
  • #19 The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian working population | The Medical Journal of Australia
    https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2022/216/4/prevalence-tinnitus-australian-working-population
    Of 4970 respondents, 1317 reported experiencing tinnitus (26.5%): 713 people had occasional tinnitus (14.3%), 259 intermittent tinnitus (5.2%), and 345 constant tinnitus (6.9%). […] After rake weighting our survey responses, we estimated that 2.4 million workers (24.8%; 95% CI, 23.226.4%) experience tinnitus, including 529 343 with constant tinnitus (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.66.3%). […] The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian workforce is high, particularly in certain occupations. […] We estimate that about one-quarter of Australian workers experience tinnitus, including half a million for whom it is always present. […] Tinnitus is more frequent in people employed as automotive workers, drivers, farmers, and in other trades. […] Workers in certain occupations are at particular risk of developing tinnitus, and targeted workplace interventions are needed to reduce its impact on their quality of life.
  • #20 Tinnitus in Canada
    https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2019003/article/00001-eng.htm
    An estimated 37% of adult Canadians (9.2 million) had experienced tinnitus in the past year. It was bothersome for 7%, affecting aspects of their lives such as sleep, concentration and mood. Although men were more likely than women to have tinnitus, they were also more likely to report that it was not bothersome. Younger individuals aged 19 to 29 years were more likely than individuals in the older age groups to have experienced tinnitus in the past year but also report that they were not bothered by the condition. […] The higher prevalence of past-year tinnitus at younger ages may be partly explained by their use of audio devices with headphones or earbuds and exposure to loud noise from other sources over the same time period. In fact, 80% of adults in the youngest age group reported using headphones or earbuds connected to audio devices in the past year, significantly more than adults aged 30 to 49 or 50 to 79. The average weekly hours of listening time were higher for 19 to 29-year-olds than for the middle and older age groups.
  • #21 Assessing and managing COVID-19 related tinnitus | Audiology Blog
    https://audiologyblog.phonakpro.com/assessing-and-managing-covid-19-related-tinnitus/
    Tinnitus care is my passion. […] I am actively involved in tinnitus research, co-authoring health reports with special interest in tinnitus epidemiology. […] A recent Canadian epidemiological study revealed that an estimated 37% of Canadians had experienced tinnitus in the past year. […] The prevalence of tinnitus in Canada is more than double the previously estimated value of 15%. […] To learn more on tinnitus epidemiology, assessment protocols, management strategies and need for ongoing research, I invite you to read the Canadian Academy of Audiology scientific publication published last year titled, Tinnitus in Canada: A Call for Action.
  • #22 Prevalence of tinnitus – RNID
    https://rnid.org.uk/get-involved/research-and-policy/facts-and-figures/prevalence-of-tinnitus/
    Latest research suggests 1 in 7 adults have tinnitus. Over 7 million adults in the UK have tinnitus.
  • #23 Epidemiology – GPnotebook
    https://gpnotebook.com/pages/ear-nose-and-throat/tinnitus/epidemiology
    Most people experience trivial tinnitus in a silent soundproof room. […] The NHS Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Guidance (2019) reports that: 10% of the population will have tinnitus at some point and it will be moderately annoying in 2.8% of the population; severely annoying in 1.6%; and disrupting a person’s ability to live a normal life in 0.5%. […] Estimated that 3% of adults might require a clinical intervention for tinnitus. The expectation is that a similar number of children will need clinical intervention for tinnitus. […] There is an increase in prevalence of tinnitus with advancing age and with hearing problems. The following factors are also associated with an increased incidence of tinnitus: women more than in men, occupational noise, lower socio-economic class. […] A population based study conducted on hearing loss in adults aged 48 to 92 years revealed that the prevalence of tinnitus at baseline was 8.2% and the incidence was 5.7% during a five year follow up. […] Tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss; for example, 75% of people with hearing loss might experience tinnitus, while only 20% to 30% of people who report tinnitus have normal hearing.
  • #24 SciELO Brazil – Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo
    https://www.scielo.br/j/bjorl/a/hnWwFmGFqdqvXRXzgMKgWsv/
    The public and private health care in the city of So Paulo has no data on tinnitus prevalence. […] Determine tinnitus prevalence in So Paulo city. […] The prevalence of tinnitus was 22%. […] The population in the city of So Paulo suffering from tinnitus was more prevalent than previously estimated. […] Despite its high prevalence, in Brazil and in So Paulo there are no epidemiologic studies of the general population to determine the frequency of tinnitus. […] The expectation is that the prevalence of tinnitus will increase in the future, not only among adults and the elderly, as a consequence of increased longevity and chronic comorbidities; but also among teenagers and children, because of the greater noise exposure in schools, leisure environments, and in particular by the misuse of personal music listening devices.
  • #25 SciELO Brazil – Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo
    https://www.scielo.br/j/bjorl/a/hnWwFmGFqdqvXRXzgMKgWsv/
    The prevalence of the reported symptom „tinnitus” in the population of the city of So Paulo was 22% (430 respondents), who responded affirmatively to the question, „Do you have ringing in your ears?” […] A progressively increasing prevalence with increasing age was also observed. […] The prevalence of tinnitus among individuals without an occupation was 29%, compared with 18% of those working away from home. […] The degree of discomfort measured by a Visual Analogue Scale showed moderate tinnitus, with responses averaging 6.3. […] Tinnitus in the population of the city of So Paulo was more prevalent than previously estimated.
  • #26 SciELO Brazil – Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo
    https://www.scielo.br/j/bjorl/a/hnWwFmGFqdqvXRXzgMKgWsv/
    The prevalence of the reported symptom „tinnitus” in the population of the city of So Paulo was 22% (430 respondents), who responded affirmatively to the question, „Do you have ringing in your ears?” […] A progressively increasing prevalence with increasing age was also observed. […] The prevalence of tinnitus among individuals without an occupation was 29%, compared with 18% of those working away from home. […] The degree of discomfort measured by a Visual Analogue Scale showed moderate tinnitus, with responses averaging 6.3. […] Tinnitus in the population of the city of So Paulo was more prevalent than previously estimated.
  • #27 Prevalence and Factors Associated with Tinnitus: A Community-Based Study of Japanese Elders
    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/20/4/20_JE20090121/_article
    The prevalence of tinnitus is reported to be high in older Western populations, and several risk factors have been suggested. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with tinnitus in community-dwelling Japanese elders. […] The prevalence of tinnitus was 18.6% (men: 18.0%; women: 19.0%); there were no statistically significant differences by age group or sex. […] These findings suggest that tinnitus is common in Japanese aged over 65 years.
  • #28 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052845/
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Considering only annoying tinnitus, the prevalence was 9.8%. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus.
  • #29 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (>65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Given demographic changes, its prevalence is expected to increase. […] The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinnitus in a large, population-based, randomly selected cohort, and to correlate the occurrence of tinnitus with hearing loss, as determined by pure-tone audiometry.
  • #30 Identifying Health-Related Conditions Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults
    https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/13/4/48
    The present study investigated the epidemic of tinnitus in college-aged young adults. […] A total of 2258 young adults aged 18–30 years were recruited from April 2021 to February 2022. […] About 17.7% of young adults reported bothersome tinnitus perception lasting for ≥5 min in the last 12 months. The prevalence of chronic tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for ≥1 year) and acute tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for <1 year) was 10.6% and 7.1%, respectively. [...] Individuals reporting head injury, hypertension, heart disease, scarlet fever, and malaria showed significantly higher odds of reporting chronic tinnitus. Meningitis and self-reported hearing loss showed significant associations with bothersome tinnitus. [...] Risk modeling showed that noise exposure was the most important risk factor for chronic tinnitus, followed by sex, reoccurring ear infections, and a history of any health condition.
  • #31 Tinnitus in Canada
    https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2019003/article/00001-eng.htm
    An estimated 37% of adult Canadians (9.2 million) had experienced tinnitus in the past year. It was bothersome for 7%, affecting aspects of their lives such as sleep, concentration and mood. Although men were more likely than women to have tinnitus, they were also more likely to report that it was not bothersome. Younger individuals aged 19 to 29 years were more likely than individuals in the older age groups to have experienced tinnitus in the past year but also report that they were not bothered by the condition. […] The higher prevalence of past-year tinnitus at younger ages may be partly explained by their use of audio devices with headphones or earbuds and exposure to loud noise from other sources over the same time period. In fact, 80% of adults in the youngest age group reported using headphones or earbuds connected to audio devices in the past year, significantly more than adults aged 30 to 49 or 50 to 79. The average weekly hours of listening time were higher for 19 to 29-year-olds than for the middle and older age groups.
  • #32 Tinnitus in Canada
    https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2019003/article/00001-eng.htm
    An estimated 37% of adult Canadians (9.2 million) had experienced tinnitus in the past year. It was bothersome for 7%, affecting aspects of their lives such as sleep, concentration and mood. Although men were more likely than women to have tinnitus, they were also more likely to report that it was not bothersome. Younger individuals aged 19 to 29 years were more likely than individuals in the older age groups to have experienced tinnitus in the past year but also report that they were not bothered by the condition. […] The higher prevalence of past-year tinnitus at younger ages may be partly explained by their use of audio devices with headphones or earbuds and exposure to loud noise from other sources over the same time period. In fact, 80% of adults in the youngest age group reported using headphones or earbuds connected to audio devices in the past year, significantly more than adults aged 30 to 49 or 50 to 79. The average weekly hours of listening time were higher for 19 to 29-year-olds than for the middle and older age groups.
  • #33 Epidemiology of Noise-Induced Tinnitus and the Attitudes and Beliefs towards Noise and Hearing Protection in Adolescents
    https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0070297.html
    Background and objectives: Previous research showed an increase of noise-induced symptoms in adolescents. The objective was to perform an epidemiological study in order to obtain prevalence data of permanent noise-induced tinnitus as well as temporary tinnitus following noise exposure in a young population. […] The prevalence of temporary noise-induced tinnitus and permanent tinnitus in high school students was respectively 74.9% and 18.3%. […] Despite the very high prevalence of tinnitus in such a young population, the rate of hearing protection use and the knowledge about the risks of loud music is extremely low. Future preventive campaigns should focus more on tinnitus as a warning signal for noise-induced damage and emphasize that also temporary symptoms can result in permanent noise-induced damage.
  • #34 Epidemiology of Noise-Induced Tinnitus and the Attitudes and Beliefs towards Noise and Hearing Protection in Adolescents
    https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0070297.html
    Background and objectives: Previous research showed an increase of noise-induced symptoms in adolescents. The objective was to perform an epidemiological study in order to obtain prevalence data of permanent noise-induced tinnitus as well as temporary tinnitus following noise exposure in a young population. […] The prevalence of temporary noise-induced tinnitus and permanent tinnitus in high school students was respectively 74.9% and 18.3%. […] Despite the very high prevalence of tinnitus in such a young population, the rate of hearing protection use and the knowledge about the risks of loud music is extremely low. Future preventive campaigns should focus more on tinnitus as a warning signal for noise-induced damage and emphasize that also temporary symptoms can result in permanent noise-induced damage.
  • #35 Etiology and diagnosis of tinnitus – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-diagnosis-of-tinnitus
    Tinnitus can occur in children (although it is less common than in adults), increases in prevalence with age, and is more common among individuals who smoke. […] According to the American Tinnitus Association, an estimated 50 million people in the United States have chronic tinnitus defined as persisting for greater than six months. This translates into approximately 20 percent of adults. For 12 million, it is severe enough to interfere with daily activities and significantly impacts their quality of life. These people are effectively disabled by their tinnitus to varying degrees. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of tinnitus will be reviewed here.
  • #36 Etiology and diagnosis of tinnitus – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-diagnosis-of-tinnitus/print
    Tinnitus can occur in children (although it is less common than in adults), increases in prevalence with age, and is more common among individuals who smoke. […] According to the American Tinnitus Association, an estimated 50 million people in the United States have chronic tinnitus defined as persisting for greater than six months. This translates into approximately 20 percent of adults. For 12 million, it is severe enough to interfere with daily activities and significantly impacts their quality of life. These people are effectively disabled by their tinnitus to varying degrees.
  • #37 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052845/
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Considering only annoying tinnitus, the prevalence was 9.8%. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus.
  • #38 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (>65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Given demographic changes, its prevalence is expected to increase. […] The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinnitus in a large, population-based, randomly selected cohort, and to correlate the occurrence of tinnitus with hearing loss, as determined by pure-tone audiometry.
  • #39 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052845/
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Considering only annoying tinnitus, the prevalence was 9.8%. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus.
  • #40 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    The GHS cohort included 15,010 participants at baseline. […] A total of 4942 participants were included (2550 men and 2392 women). […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus. […] Generalizing the prevalence results weighted to the ESP 2013, the overall prevalence of tinnitus is 26.2%. […] Overall, this study adds to the literature by reporting tinnitus prevalence in a large, population-based cohort. […] This is the first study known to the authors to provide a comprehensive report on the prevalence of tinnitus and its association with hearing loss in Germany.
  • #41 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052845/
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Considering only annoying tinnitus, the prevalence was 9.8%. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus.
  • #42 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    The GHS cohort included 15,010 participants at baseline. […] A total of 4942 participants were included (2550 men and 2392 women). […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus. […] Generalizing the prevalence results weighted to the ESP 2013, the overall prevalence of tinnitus is 26.2%. […] Overall, this study adds to the literature by reporting tinnitus prevalence in a large, population-based cohort. […] This is the first study known to the authors to provide a comprehensive report on the prevalence of tinnitus and its association with hearing loss in Germany.
  • #43 Epidemiology – GPnotebook
    https://gpnotebook.com/pages/ear-nose-and-throat/tinnitus/epidemiology
    Most people experience trivial tinnitus in a silent soundproof room. […] The NHS Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Guidance (2019) reports that: 10% of the population will have tinnitus at some point and it will be moderately annoying in 2.8% of the population; severely annoying in 1.6%; and disrupting a person’s ability to live a normal life in 0.5%. […] Estimated that 3% of adults might require a clinical intervention for tinnitus. The expectation is that a similar number of children will need clinical intervention for tinnitus. […] There is an increase in prevalence of tinnitus with advancing age and with hearing problems. The following factors are also associated with an increased incidence of tinnitus: women more than in men, occupational noise, lower socio-economic class. […] A population based study conducted on hearing loss in adults aged 48 to 92 years revealed that the prevalence of tinnitus at baseline was 8.2% and the incidence was 5.7% during a five year follow up. […] Tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss; for example, 75% of people with hearing loss might experience tinnitus, while only 20% to 30% of people who report tinnitus have normal hearing.
  • #44 Hearing Loss & Tinnitus Statistics — Hearing Health Foundation
    https://hearinghealthfoundation.org/hearing-loss-tinnitus-statistics
    Hearing Loss Tinnitus Statistics […] Hearing and balance conditions are an invisible public health epidemic. 48 million people in the United States and 477 million worldwide live with hearing loss. […] Tinnitus: By the Numbers […] 90 percent of tinnitus cases occur with an underlying hearing loss. […] 25 million American adults report experiencing tinnitus for five or more continuous minutes in the past year. […] 16 million people seek medical attention for tinnitus annually. […] Hearing Health Foundation is committed to better treatments and cures for hearing loss and tinnitus through groundbreaking research.
  • #45 What are the current research results based on EBM rec…
    https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0053.9051/en
    Since hearing loss plays a major role in the development of tinnitus and accompanies this condition in 90% of cases, focus on hearing improvement seems to be a logical strategy to include in the treatment process. […] According to all available studies, neither the drugs with vascular or rheological effects nor the steroids demonstrated any effectiveness in the treatment of chronic tinnitus. […] Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is supported by numerous high-quality evidence according to EBM classification. […] According to the currently available research reports which received positive EBM validation and are in line with the latest global diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, it should be concluded that a significant reduction in tinnitus severity and an improvement in patients’ quality of life is achieved through cognitive-behavioral therapy preceded by a properly conducted consultation/therapeutic advice (counseling) and adequate hearing intervention.
  • #46 Identifying Health-Related Conditions Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults
    https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/13/4/48
    While young adults with health conditions are at a higher risk of reporting tinnitus, the predictive utility of a positive health history remains relatively low, possibly due to weak associations between health conditions and tinnitus. […] The prevalence of chronic tinnitus was significantly higher in males reporting high noise exposure, a positive history of reoccurring ear infections, European ethnic background, and a positive health history. […] These risk factors collectively explained about 16% variability in chronic tinnitus, which highlights the need for identifying other risk factors for chronic tinnitus in young adults.
  • #47 The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian working population | The Medical Journal of Australia
    https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2022/216/4/prevalence-tinnitus-australian-working-population
    We estimate that one-quarter of the Australian workforce experience tinnitus. […] The prevalence of tinnitus was highest in occupations most exposed to hazardous noise levels (farming, construction work, automotive industries, machine operators). […] We estimate that more than 500 000 Australian workers experience constant tinnitus, and that the prevalence is highest among men aged 5564 years (15.9%). […] The association of tinnitus with workplace noise is recognised, but associations with workplace ototoxic chemicals still require detailed examination. […] Tinnitus is highly prevalent among working people in Australia, particularly those in certain occupational groups, which may indicate that much of the burden of tinnitus is preventable.
  • #48 Construction Statistics | Noise and Hearing Loss | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/surveillance/construction.html
    About 7% of all Construction workers have tinnitus. […] Approximately 14% of all Construction workers have hearing difficulty. […] Hearing difficulty and tinnitus among U.S. workers and non-workers in 2007.
  • #49 Hearing noises that aren’t there? It could be tinnitus | Article | The United States Army
    https://www.army.mil/article/263798/hearing_noises_that_arent_there_it_could_be_tinnitus
    The NIH reports that people who work in noisy environments such as factory or construction workers, road crews, or even musicians are especially at risk of developing tinnitus and NIHL. […] In fact, tinnitus is one of the most common service-related disabilities among veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. […] Soldiers are required to have annual hearing tests that identify measurable changes in hearing to detect hearing loss. During these annual hearing surveillance visits, Soldiers are screened for bothersome tinnitus and referred for an audiology follow-up visit as needed. […] While DCPH-A experts like Sherlock continue to investigate tinnitus among Soldiers, every Soldier needs to do what they can to avoid developing tinnitus or prevent it from getting worse.
  • #50 Noise annoyance due to different sources is associated with tinnitus presence and distress in the general population | Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00668-9
    The pathophysiology of tinnitus is not yet fully understood. […] Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between noise annoyance due to different sources and tinnitus presence and distress in the general population. […] The prevalence of tinnitus was 27.3%, and the predominant sources of noise annoyance in these subjects were aircraft, neighborhood, and road traffic noise. Overall, logistic regression results demonstrated consistent positive associations between annoyance due to different noise sources and prevalent risk of tinnitus with increases in odds ratios ranging from 4 to 11% after adjustment for sex, age, and socioeconomic status. […] This is the first study investigating the association between noise annoyance and tinnitus presence and distress in a large cohort of the general population. Our results indicate consistent and positive associations between various sources of noise annoyance and tinnitus.
  • #51 Noise annoyance due to different sources is associated with tinnitus presence and distress in the general population | Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00668-9
    The precise etiology and locus of tinnitus remain unknown, but excessive noise exposure is thought to be among the major causes. […] Our results strongly show that noise annoyance can be a reliable indicator of tinnitus presence and distress. […] Importantly, future studies have to investigate whether noise annoyance can also predict the onset of tinnitus. […] These findings are in line with the evidence that stress may play a major role in the development, maintenance, and worsening of tinnitus. […] The present study has strengths and potential limitations. […] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the association between noise annoyance and tinnitus presence and distress in a large cohort of the general population. Our results indicate consistent and positive associations between various sources of noise annoyance and the outcomes of interest.
  • #52 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052845/
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Considering only annoying tinnitus, the prevalence was 9.8%. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Tinnitus prevalence increased with increasing hearing impairment according to WHO classification, with a peak prevalence of 78.6% among those with severe hearing impairment. […] Of the participants with tinnitus, 39.7% may have needed a hearing aid based on pure-tone audiometry, compared to 26.9% of participants without tinnitus.
  • #53 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (>65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Given demographic changes, its prevalence is expected to increase. […] The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinnitus in a large, population-based, randomly selected cohort, and to correlate the occurrence of tinnitus with hearing loss, as determined by pure-tone audiometry.
  • #54 Prevalence and Factors Associated with Tinnitus: A Community-Based Study of Japanese Elders
    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/20/4/20_JE20090121/_article
    The prevalence of tinnitus is reported to be high in older Western populations, and several risk factors have been suggested. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with tinnitus in community-dwelling Japanese elders. […] The prevalence of tinnitus was 18.6% (men: 18.0%; women: 19.0%); there were no statistically significant differences by age group or sex. […] These findings suggest that tinnitus is common in Japanese aged over 65 years.
  • #55 Identifying Health-Related Conditions Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults
    https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/13/4/48
    While young adults with health conditions are at a higher risk of reporting tinnitus, the predictive utility of a positive health history remains relatively low, possibly due to weak associations between health conditions and tinnitus. […] The prevalence of chronic tinnitus was significantly higher in males reporting high noise exposure, a positive history of reoccurring ear infections, European ethnic background, and a positive health history. […] These risk factors collectively explained about 16% variability in chronic tinnitus, which highlights the need for identifying other risk factors for chronic tinnitus in young adults.
  • #56 Prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus among adult Palestinians: a cross-sectional study | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24015-w
    Our findings reveal that tinnitus is prevalent among Palestinians. Our study demonstrates that advanced age, hearing difficulties, head and neck pain syndromes, vertigo, sleeping disorders, and otorhinolaryngological problems are among the most frequent factors associated with tinnitus. As there is no known definitive cure for many forms of tinnitus, it is crucial to investigate potentially modifiable risk factors and subsequently prevent tinnitus. Therefore, further longitudinal (repeat cross-sectional or prospective) studies are required.
  • #57 Identifying Health-Related Conditions Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults
    https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/13/4/48
    The present study investigated the epidemic of tinnitus in college-aged young adults. […] A total of 2258 young adults aged 18–30 years were recruited from April 2021 to February 2022. […] About 17.7% of young adults reported bothersome tinnitus perception lasting for ≥5 min in the last 12 months. The prevalence of chronic tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for ≥1 year) and acute tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for <1 year) was 10.6% and 7.1%, respectively. [...] Individuals reporting head injury, hypertension, heart disease, scarlet fever, and malaria showed significantly higher odds of reporting chronic tinnitus. Meningitis and self-reported hearing loss showed significant associations with bothersome tinnitus. [...] Risk modeling showed that noise exposure was the most important risk factor for chronic tinnitus, followed by sex, reoccurring ear infections, and a history of any health condition.
  • #58 Tinnitus in Canada
    https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2019003/article/00001-eng.htm
    Among people with high blood pressure or currently taking medication to control their blood pressure, 42% had experienced tinnitus in the past year, compared with 35% of those without high blood pressure. Arthritis was also significantly associated with tinnitus: 43% of individuals with arthritis reported tinnitus, versus 35% of people without the condition. […] Data from this study show that individuals with tinnitus were more likely than those without the condition to report poor levels of mental and emotional well-being. Associations of tinnitus with mood disorders and diminished well-being are consistent with earlier work. […] Hearing loss is a risk factor for tinnitus, and the use of hearing aids is often an effective tool to help manage this condition. Data from the CHMS may be evidence of this finding, given that people with hearing loss and tinnitus were twice as likely to use hearing aids as those with hearing loss alone.
  • #59 Tinnitus in Canada
    https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2019003/article/00001-eng.htm
    Among people with high blood pressure or currently taking medication to control their blood pressure, 42% had experienced tinnitus in the past year, compared with 35% of those without high blood pressure. Arthritis was also significantly associated with tinnitus: 43% of individuals with arthritis reported tinnitus, versus 35% of people without the condition. […] Data from this study show that individuals with tinnitus were more likely than those without the condition to report poor levels of mental and emotional well-being. Associations of tinnitus with mood disorders and diminished well-being are consistent with earlier work. […] Hearing loss is a risk factor for tinnitus, and the use of hearing aids is often an effective tool to help manage this condition. Data from the CHMS may be evidence of this finding, given that people with hearing loss and tinnitus were twice as likely to use hearing aids as those with hearing loss alone.
  • #60 Identifying Health-Related Conditions Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults
    https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/13/4/48
    While young adults with health conditions are at a higher risk of reporting tinnitus, the predictive utility of a positive health history remains relatively low, possibly due to weak associations between health conditions and tinnitus. […] The prevalence of chronic tinnitus was significantly higher in males reporting high noise exposure, a positive history of reoccurring ear infections, European ethnic background, and a positive health history. […] These risk factors collectively explained about 16% variability in chronic tinnitus, which highlights the need for identifying other risk factors for chronic tinnitus in young adults.
  • #61 Tinnitus: The Sound of Stress?
    https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/264/FULLTEXT/
    Stress is many times attributed as a cause of tinnitus and we often see in the clinic that patients complain that their tinnitus gets worse after stressful situations. […] There is enough evidence supporting the understanding that tinnitus induces stress. However, still little is known about stress being responsible for the appearance or worsening of tinnitus. […] The results presented show a high occurrence of stress symptoms in tinnitus patients evaluated in a reference tinnitus clinic, specially in the more advanced phases, the resistance and exhaustion phases. […] To our knowledge, this is the first study in Brazil using a stress scale in tinnitus patients. […] The information collected here, indirectly imply the requirement for psychological assessment during the diagnosis of tinnitus patients. Psychological intervention with a goal of stress-management strategies appears to be an indispensable element in tinnitus treatment, especially important to use in very early stages of tinnitus, before the chronification of plastic changes has taken place, considering that stress is highly associated to tinnitus, as a cause or effect. […] The presence of stress symptoms, measured by the Lipp’s Adult Stress Tinnitus Inventory (ISSL), was observed in the majority of our patients with chronic subjective tinnitus, specially in the resistance and exhaustion phases and it seems to be directly associated to tinnitus annoyance.
  • #62 Tinnitus: The Sound of Stress?
    https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/264/FULLTEXT/
    Stress is many times attributed as a cause of tinnitus and we often see in the clinic that patients complain that their tinnitus gets worse after stressful situations. […] There is enough evidence supporting the understanding that tinnitus induces stress. However, still little is known about stress being responsible for the appearance or worsening of tinnitus. […] The results presented show a high occurrence of stress symptoms in tinnitus patients evaluated in a reference tinnitus clinic, specially in the more advanced phases, the resistance and exhaustion phases. […] To our knowledge, this is the first study in Brazil using a stress scale in tinnitus patients. […] The information collected here, indirectly imply the requirement for psychological assessment during the diagnosis of tinnitus patients. Psychological intervention with a goal of stress-management strategies appears to be an indispensable element in tinnitus treatment, especially important to use in very early stages of tinnitus, before the chronification of plastic changes has taken place, considering that stress is highly associated to tinnitus, as a cause or effect. […] The presence of stress symptoms, measured by the Lipp’s Adult Stress Tinnitus Inventory (ISSL), was observed in the majority of our patients with chronic subjective tinnitus, specially in the resistance and exhaustion phases and it seems to be directly associated to tinnitus annoyance.
  • #63 Tinnitus | 5-Minute Clinical Consult
    https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688668/0.3/Tinnitus
    Incidence is increasing in association with excessive noise exposure. […] Higher rates of tinnitus in smokers, hypertensives, diabetics, and obese patients. […] Tinnitus reported by 35 to 50 million adults in the United States; although underreported, 12 million seek medical care. […] Affects 10-15% of adults. […] Prevalence increases with age and peaks in 6th decade of life; estimated 8% prevalence reported post-COVID-19 infection. […] Prevalence of 13-53% in general pediatric population. […] Ethnic: whites, blacks, and Hispanics. […] Gender: males, females.
  • #64 Natural history of tinnitus in adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis | BMJ Open
    https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e041290
    Objective To assess incidence and changes in tinnitus and bothersome tinnitus as well as associated risk factors in a large sample of UK adults. […] 17.7% and 5.8% of participants reported tinnitus or bothersome tinnitus, respectively. The 4-year incidence of tinnitus was 8.7%. […] This study is one of the few to provide data on the natural history of tinnitus in a non-clinical population, suggesting that resolution is relatively uncommon, with improvement and worsening of symptoms equally likely. […] In view of the largely persistent nature of tinnitus, public health strategies should focus on: (1) primary prevention and (2) managing symptoms in people that have tinnitus and monitoring changes in bothersomeness. […] In this sample of adults aged 40-69 years, 17.7% (n=29861) reported tinnitus and 5.8% (n=9751) reported bothersome tinnitus.
  • #65 Natural history of tinnitus in adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis | BMJ Open
    https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e041290
    The 4-year incidence of tinnitus in this sample was 8.7%. […] For those who continued to experience tinnitus, 81.8% reported that tinnitus bothersomeness was unchanged after 4 years, 9% reported tinnitus became worse (previously not bothersome, now bothersome) and in 9% better (previously bothersome, now not). […] The strengths of the study include the large inclusive sample, which was not derived from a specific tinnitus nor hearing study. […] Longitudinal tinnitus data are available in a very small number of other studies. […] A key limitation of the present study and all other tinnitus research is the lack of a reliable objective measure of tinnitus and no agreement about the validity or characterisation of tinnitus phenotypes.
  • #66 Epidemiology – GPnotebook
    https://gpnotebook.com/pages/ear-nose-and-throat/tinnitus/epidemiology
    Most people experience trivial tinnitus in a silent soundproof room. […] The NHS Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Guidance (2019) reports that: 10% of the population will have tinnitus at some point and it will be moderately annoying in 2.8% of the population; severely annoying in 1.6%; and disrupting a person’s ability to live a normal life in 0.5%. […] Estimated that 3% of adults might require a clinical intervention for tinnitus. The expectation is that a similar number of children will need clinical intervention for tinnitus. […] There is an increase in prevalence of tinnitus with advancing age and with hearing problems. The following factors are also associated with an increased incidence of tinnitus: women more than in men, occupational noise, lower socio-economic class. […] A population based study conducted on hearing loss in adults aged 48 to 92 years revealed that the prevalence of tinnitus at baseline was 8.2% and the incidence was 5.7% during a five year follow up. […] Tinnitus is often associated with hearing loss; for example, 75% of people with hearing loss might experience tinnitus, while only 20% to 30% of people who report tinnitus have normal hearing.
  • #67 Thieme E-Journals – Journal of the American Academy of Audiology / Abstract
    https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0040-1715975
    Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ear or head) can range from barely noticeable to debilitating. […] Although a few studies have estimated the prevalence of this condition in adult populations, we know of no population-based estimates of incidence. […] The prevalence of tinnitus at baseline was 8.2 percent. The 5-year incidence of tinnitus among the 2513 participants at risk was 5.7 percent. […] The results suggest that tinnitus is a common problem for older adults and is associated with some modifiable risk factors.
  • #68 A study on the epidemiology of tinnitus in the United Kingdom
    https://edoc.unibas.ch/entities/publication/2a6e6a20-397e-4573-82cd-19ceac9c420b
    Subjective tinnitus is a common symptom with potentially negative impact on quality of life. […] To estimate the incidence of tinnitus and to describe patient-related characteristics such as lifestyle factors and comorbidities. […] We identified 109 783 adults with a first-time diagnosis of tinnitus between 2000 and 2016, yielding an overall age-standardized incidence rate of 25.0 new tinnitus cases per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 24.6-25.5). […] There was a steady increase in tinnitus incidence throughout the study period. […] The present observational study found an increasing incidence of tinnitus over time, emphasizing the continuously growing health burden.
  • #69 Tinnitus in middle-age: prevalence and incidence | ENT & Audiology News
    https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/features/audiology-features/post/tinnitus-in-middle-age-prevalence-and-incidence
    For middle-aged people (40-69 years), we identified almost 170,000 new cases of clinically significant tinnitus from 2002 to 2011. […] Two prospective cohort studies have so far assessed the long-term incidence of tinnitus in the general population; one in the USA and one in Australia. […] The cumulative incidence indicated that one person out of every 171 was likely to have experienced clinically significant tinnitus across the 10-year period of the study. More specifically for middle-aged people (40-69 years), we identified almost 170,000 new cases of clinically significant tinnitus across the 10-year period. Overall, the incidence rate increased steadily across middle-age, with the highest incidence observed in men and women aged 60 to 69. […] Independently of any increase in the prevalence of self-reported tinnitus we may be witnessing an increase in help-seeking for chronic conditions such as tinnitus. People nowadays have higher health expectations than they did several generations ago and so tinnitus presents a substantial and growing burden to our health care system, particularly when coupled with ageing populations in many Western countries and lifestyle changes which may increase susceptibility.
  • #70 Natural history of tinnitus in adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis | BMJ Open
    https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e041290
    The 4-year incidence of tinnitus in this sample was 8.7%. […] For those who continued to experience tinnitus, 81.8% reported that tinnitus bothersomeness was unchanged after 4 years, 9% reported tinnitus became worse (previously not bothersome, now bothersome) and in 9% better (previously bothersome, now not). […] The strengths of the study include the large inclusive sample, which was not derived from a specific tinnitus nor hearing study. […] Longitudinal tinnitus data are available in a very small number of other studies. […] A key limitation of the present study and all other tinnitus research is the lack of a reliable objective measure of tinnitus and no agreement about the validity or characterisation of tinnitus phenotypes.
  • #71 Natural history of tinnitus in adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis | BMJ Open
    https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e041290
    Objective To assess incidence and changes in tinnitus and bothersome tinnitus as well as associated risk factors in a large sample of UK adults. […] 17.7% and 5.8% of participants reported tinnitus or bothersome tinnitus, respectively. The 4-year incidence of tinnitus was 8.7%. […] This study is one of the few to provide data on the natural history of tinnitus in a non-clinical population, suggesting that resolution is relatively uncommon, with improvement and worsening of symptoms equally likely. […] In view of the largely persistent nature of tinnitus, public health strategies should focus on: (1) primary prevention and (2) managing symptoms in people that have tinnitus and monitoring changes in bothersomeness. […] In this sample of adults aged 40-69 years, 17.7% (n=29861) reported tinnitus and 5.8% (n=9751) reported bothersome tinnitus.
  • #72 Hearing Loss & Tinnitus Statistics — Hearing Health Foundation
    https://hearinghealthfoundation.org/hearing-loss-tinnitus-statistics
    Hearing Loss Tinnitus Statistics […] Hearing and balance conditions are an invisible public health epidemic. 48 million people in the United States and 477 million worldwide live with hearing loss. […] Tinnitus: By the Numbers […] 90 percent of tinnitus cases occur with an underlying hearing loss. […] 25 million American adults report experiencing tinnitus for five or more continuous minutes in the past year. […] 16 million people seek medical attention for tinnitus annually. […] Hearing Health Foundation is committed to better treatments and cures for hearing loss and tinnitus through groundbreaking research.
  • #73 Tinnitus: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0601/p663.html
    Tinnitus is a common problem among adults in the United States, with an estimated prevalence of 10% to 15% and peak incidence between 60 and 69 years of age. […] At least 20% of people diagnosed with tinnitus will seek clinical intervention. […] Guidelines recommend a standard approach to history and physical examination that can begin the process of determining the etiology of the tinnitus, followed by audiometric testing and imaging, laboratory studies, and other testing as appropriate. […] The AAO-HNS and European guidelines recommend imaging studies for patients with tinnitus that is unilateral, pulsatile, associated with asymmetric hearing loss, or associated with focal neurologic abnormalities. […] Tinnitus is strongly associated with SNHL; therefore, measures to prevent occupational and recreational noise exposure may be beneficial.
  • #74
    https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Fulltext/2018/07000/Epidemiology_of_Clinically_Significant_Tinnitus__A.4.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cotology-neurotology:2018:07000:00004%7C%7C
    Prevalence of tinnitus has been reported to vary according to the target population and definition of tinnitus. […] The number of patients who received medical care because of tinnitus was 1.44% (0.78 million per 51 million) in 2015. There was a higher prevalence of tinnitus in women, and the overall prevalence increased with increasing age of patients and peaked at patients in their 70s (4.43%). […] The prevalence and incidence of tinnitus in this study for entire nation were lower than previously reported studies. These results have limitation because the study only covered patient using the medical service for tinnitus and missed tinnitus sufferers not seeking medical service. However, this study is meaningful in that it was targeting entire nation, reflected the characteristics of clinically significant tinnitus patient enough to visit medical service.
  • #75
    https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Fulltext/2018/07000/Epidemiology_of_Clinically_Significant_Tinnitus__A.4.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cotology-neurotology:2018:07000:00004%7C%7C
    Prevalence of tinnitus has been reported to vary according to the target population and definition of tinnitus. […] The number of patients who received medical care because of tinnitus was 1.44% (0.78 million per 51 million) in 2015. There was a higher prevalence of tinnitus in women, and the overall prevalence increased with increasing age of patients and peaked at patients in their 70s (4.43%). […] The prevalence and incidence of tinnitus in this study for entire nation were lower than previously reported studies. These results have limitation because the study only covered patient using the medical service for tinnitus and missed tinnitus sufferers not seeking medical service. However, this study is meaningful in that it was targeting entire nation, reflected the characteristics of clinically significant tinnitus patient enough to visit medical service.
  • #76 4 Tinnitus | Noise and Military Service: Implications for Hearing Loss and Tinnitus | The National Academies Press
    https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/11443/chapter/6
    Tinnitus is a perceived sound that cannot be attributed to an external sound source (Eggermont, 2003). […] The major portion of the chapter focuses on a review of epidemiological data on the relationship between tinnitus and noise exposure, hearing loss, and other risk factors. […] A multivariate analysis of U.S. data from a special supplement to the 1994 National Health Interview Survey found that veterans of military service had an increased likelihood of having chronic tinnitus (has lasted for at least 3 months) compared with those who had not served in the military (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.171.43) (Hoffman and Reed, 2004). […] The committee found no published studies on tinnitus and noise exposure among U.S. military personnel. […] Overall, 11 percent of those submitting forms (n = 440,451) reported developing tinnitus during deployment, experiencing it at the time they completed the form, or both.
  • #77 Hearing noises that aren’t there? It could be tinnitus | Article | The United States Army
    https://www.army.mil/article/263798/hearing_noises_that_arent_there_it_could_be_tinnitus
    The NIH reports that people who work in noisy environments such as factory or construction workers, road crews, or even musicians are especially at risk of developing tinnitus and NIHL. […] In fact, tinnitus is one of the most common service-related disabilities among veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. […] Soldiers are required to have annual hearing tests that identify measurable changes in hearing to detect hearing loss. During these annual hearing surveillance visits, Soldiers are screened for bothersome tinnitus and referred for an audiology follow-up visit as needed. […] While DCPH-A experts like Sherlock continue to investigate tinnitus among Soldiers, every Soldier needs to do what they can to avoid developing tinnitus or prevent it from getting worse.
  • #78 Tinnitus in Canada
    https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2019003/article/00001-eng.htm
    Tinnitus is a common and potentially distressing condition. Although there is no medical cure for tinnitus, there are many management protocols that have been proven effective at reducing the negative effects of tinnitus and improving overall quality of life. Noise exposure—particularly through the use of headphones or earbuds—may explain the higher prevalence of tinnitus among younger adults compared with the older cohorts and may indicate areas on which to focus education and behaviour change. Canadians could benefit from greater awareness of tinnitus, prevention strategies and management options. The high prevalence of tinnitus and potentially life-altering consequences indicate that it is an important public health problem.
  • #79 Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population—Results from the Gutenberg Health Study
    https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/620
    Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. […] The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. […] The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. […] The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. […] Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (>65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. […] Given demographic changes, its prevalence is expected to increase. […] The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinnitus in a large, population-based, randomly selected cohort, and to correlate the occurrence of tinnitus with hearing loss, as determined by pure-tone audiometry.
  • #80 Tinnitus in middle-age: prevalence and incidence | ENT & Audiology News
    https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/features/audiology-features/post/tinnitus-in-middle-age-prevalence-and-incidence
    For middle-aged people (40-69 years), we identified almost 170,000 new cases of clinically significant tinnitus from 2002 to 2011. […] Two prospective cohort studies have so far assessed the long-term incidence of tinnitus in the general population; one in the USA and one in Australia. […] The cumulative incidence indicated that one person out of every 171 was likely to have experienced clinically significant tinnitus across the 10-year period of the study. More specifically for middle-aged people (40-69 years), we identified almost 170,000 new cases of clinically significant tinnitus across the 10-year period. Overall, the incidence rate increased steadily across middle-age, with the highest incidence observed in men and women aged 60 to 69. […] Independently of any increase in the prevalence of self-reported tinnitus we may be witnessing an increase in help-seeking for chronic conditions such as tinnitus. People nowadays have higher health expectations than they did several generations ago and so tinnitus presents a substantial and growing burden to our health care system, particularly when coupled with ageing populations in many Western countries and lifestyle changes which may increase susceptibility.
  • #81 Tinnitus: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0601/p663.html
    Tinnitus is a common problem among adults in the United States, with an estimated prevalence of 10% to 15% and peak incidence between 60 and 69 years of age. […] At least 20% of people diagnosed with tinnitus will seek clinical intervention. […] Guidelines recommend a standard approach to history and physical examination that can begin the process of determining the etiology of the tinnitus, followed by audiometric testing and imaging, laboratory studies, and other testing as appropriate. […] The AAO-HNS and European guidelines recommend imaging studies for patients with tinnitus that is unilateral, pulsatile, associated with asymmetric hearing loss, or associated with focal neurologic abnormalities. […] Tinnitus is strongly associated with SNHL; therefore, measures to prevent occupational and recreational noise exposure may be beneficial.
  • #82 Hearing noises that aren’t there? It could be tinnitus | Article | The United States Army
    https://www.army.mil/article/263798/hearing_noises_that_arent_there_it_could_be_tinnitus
    According to the National Institutes of Health, roughly 10 percent of the adult population of the United States has experienced tinnitus in the past year – thats more than 25 million people. […] The Hearing Conservation and Readiness Branch of the Defense Centers for Public Health-Aberdeen, formerly known as the Army Public Health Center, investigates this condition among service members to help identify trends, risk factors, the adverse impact on operational performance, and means to reduce its occurrence. […] Tinnitus is often associated with clinically measurable hearing loss but may also be present with normal hearing, says Dr. LaGuinn Sherlock, a national tinnitus expert and senior investigator working jointly for the DCPH-As HCRB. […] Especially concerning, Sherlock says, is that tinnitus can also be a precursor to permanent hearing loss, which is a leading disability recognized by the Veterans Administration.
  • #83 Epidemiology of Noise-Induced Tinnitus and the Attitudes and Beliefs towards Noise and Hearing Protection in Adolescents
    https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0070297.html
    Background and objectives: Previous research showed an increase of noise-induced symptoms in adolescents. The objective was to perform an epidemiological study in order to obtain prevalence data of permanent noise-induced tinnitus as well as temporary tinnitus following noise exposure in a young population. […] The prevalence of temporary noise-induced tinnitus and permanent tinnitus in high school students was respectively 74.9% and 18.3%. […] Despite the very high prevalence of tinnitus in such a young population, the rate of hearing protection use and the knowledge about the risks of loud music is extremely low. Future preventive campaigns should focus more on tinnitus as a warning signal for noise-induced damage and emphasize that also temporary symptoms can result in permanent noise-induced damage.
  • #84 Tinnitus in Canada
    https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2019003/article/00001-eng.htm
    Tinnitus is a common and potentially distressing condition. Although there is no medical cure for tinnitus, there are many management protocols that have been proven effective at reducing the negative effects of tinnitus and improving overall quality of life. Noise exposure—particularly through the use of headphones or earbuds—may explain the higher prevalence of tinnitus among younger adults compared with the older cohorts and may indicate areas on which to focus education and behaviour change. Canadians could benefit from greater awareness of tinnitus, prevention strategies and management options. The high prevalence of tinnitus and potentially life-altering consequences indicate that it is an important public health problem.
  • #85 Tinnitus Epidemiology: Prevalence, Severity, Exposures And Treatment Patterns In The United States
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5812683/
    Largest analysis to date of tinnitus epidemiology in the American adult population. […] To quantify the epidemiology and impact of tinnitus and to analyze its management in the United States relative to the 2014 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) clinical practice guideline on tinnitus. […] Among 222.13.4 million American adults, 21.43.4 million (9.60.3%) experienced tinnitus in the past 12 months. […] The contemporary national prevalence of tinnitus is approximately one in 10 adults. […] Given its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) recently published its first-ever, multi-disciplinary, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to provide clinicians a framework for managing patients with tinnitus.
  • #86 4 Tinnitus | Noise and Military Service: Implications for Hearing Loss and Tinnitus | The National Academies Press
    https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/11443/chapter/6
    The committee strongly suggests that the Department of Defense add monitoring of tinnitus to both its routine health surveillance and the audiologic surveillance that is part of the services hearing conservation programs. […] Tinnitus and hearing loss are both associated with exposure to high levels of noise. […] The scope of the hearing conservation programs of the military services could appropriately be broadened to encompass the prevention of tinnitus as well as hearing loss.
  • #87 What are the current research results based on EBM rec…
    https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0053.9051/en
    The severity of tinnitus is usually interpreted as an effect of the functioning of various neural pathways in the brain and as a consequence of altered cortical plasticity. […] The aim of the study is to present current recommendations in the treatment of chronic tinnitus developed according to the principles of EBM. […] Although it seems that there is a great number of studies available in this field, for example, 245 meta-analyses featured in the PubMed database (searched for with the following keywords: meta-analysis, tinnitus), studies cited in these publications often present methodological weaknesses, the number of analyzed cases is too small, and the control groups – inappropriately selected or even absent. […] The effectiveness of adequately conducted therapeutic advice has been documented by high-quality evidence according to EBM standards and has been included in all current international guidelines.
  • #88 What are the current research results based on EBM rec…
    https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0053.9051/en
    Since hearing loss plays a major role in the development of tinnitus and accompanies this condition in 90% of cases, focus on hearing improvement seems to be a logical strategy to include in the treatment process. […] According to all available studies, neither the drugs with vascular or rheological effects nor the steroids demonstrated any effectiveness in the treatment of chronic tinnitus. […] Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is supported by numerous high-quality evidence according to EBM classification. […] According to the currently available research reports which received positive EBM validation and are in line with the latest global diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, it should be concluded that a significant reduction in tinnitus severity and an improvement in patients’ quality of life is achieved through cognitive-behavioral therapy preceded by a properly conducted consultation/therapeutic advice (counseling) and adequate hearing intervention.
  • #89 Tinnitus: The Sound of Stress?
    https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/264/FULLTEXT/
    Stress is many times attributed as a cause of tinnitus and we often see in the clinic that patients complain that their tinnitus gets worse after stressful situations. […] There is enough evidence supporting the understanding that tinnitus induces stress. However, still little is known about stress being responsible for the appearance or worsening of tinnitus. […] The results presented show a high occurrence of stress symptoms in tinnitus patients evaluated in a reference tinnitus clinic, specially in the more advanced phases, the resistance and exhaustion phases. […] To our knowledge, this is the first study in Brazil using a stress scale in tinnitus patients. […] The information collected here, indirectly imply the requirement for psychological assessment during the diagnosis of tinnitus patients. Psychological intervention with a goal of stress-management strategies appears to be an indispensable element in tinnitus treatment, especially important to use in very early stages of tinnitus, before the chronification of plastic changes has taken place, considering that stress is highly associated to tinnitus, as a cause or effect. […] The presence of stress symptoms, measured by the Lipp’s Adult Stress Tinnitus Inventory (ISSL), was observed in the majority of our patients with chronic subjective tinnitus, specially in the resistance and exhaustion phases and it seems to be directly associated to tinnitus annoyance.
  • #90 Noise annoyance due to different sources is associated with tinnitus presence and distress in the general population | Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00668-9
    The pathophysiology of tinnitus is not yet fully understood. […] Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between noise annoyance due to different sources and tinnitus presence and distress in the general population. […] The prevalence of tinnitus was 27.3%, and the predominant sources of noise annoyance in these subjects were aircraft, neighborhood, and road traffic noise. Overall, logistic regression results demonstrated consistent positive associations between annoyance due to different noise sources and prevalent risk of tinnitus with increases in odds ratios ranging from 4 to 11% after adjustment for sex, age, and socioeconomic status. […] This is the first study investigating the association between noise annoyance and tinnitus presence and distress in a large cohort of the general population. Our results indicate consistent and positive associations between various sources of noise annoyance and tinnitus.
  • #91 Tinnitus in the older adult: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment options. – Document – Gale Academic OneFile
    https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA200670997&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=1170229X&p=AONE&sw=w
    Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an apparent acoustic stimulus. More than 35 million Americans experience tinnitus, with 2-3 million severely debilitated by this distressing symptom. The prevalence increases with age and there is a high incidence associated with both noise-induced and age-related hearing loss. […] Despite a large number of therapeutic interventions and studies claiming success in treating tinnitus, a cure remains elusive. However, there are several potential treatment options that offer patients varying degrees of symptomatic improvement and enhanced quality of life. It is imperative to formulate a rational and systematic approach in evaluating an older adult with tinnitus. An individualised treatment regimen and the creation of a strong therapeutic relationship are the hallmarks of successful management of the patient with tinnitus.
  • #92 Natural history of tinnitus in adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis | BMJ Open
    https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e041290
    The 4-year incidence of tinnitus in this sample was 8.7%. […] For those who continued to experience tinnitus, 81.8% reported that tinnitus bothersomeness was unchanged after 4 years, 9% reported tinnitus became worse (previously not bothersome, now bothersome) and in 9% better (previously bothersome, now not). […] The strengths of the study include the large inclusive sample, which was not derived from a specific tinnitus nor hearing study. […] Longitudinal tinnitus data are available in a very small number of other studies. […] A key limitation of the present study and all other tinnitus research is the lack of a reliable objective measure of tinnitus and no agreement about the validity or characterisation of tinnitus phenotypes.
  • #93 ESIT Seeking First-Stage Researcher for Tinnitus Epidemiology Project | The Hearing Review
    https://hearingreview.com/hearing-loss/tinnitus/tinnitus-counseling/esit-seeking-first-stage-researcher-tinnitus-epidemiology-project
    The European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research (ESIT) is recruiting for a PhD position on the epidemiology of tinnitus in Europe, according to a posting on EURAXESS. […] The position will involve the analysis of data from a pan-European Survey on tinnitus conducted in several European Union (EU) Member States and a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Italy in order to assess prevalence and risk factors for tinnitus.
  • #94 Tinnitus – Bionics Institute
    https://www.bionicsinstitute.org/our-disease-focus/tinnitus/
    In Australia, around 14-20% of people are estimated to experience tinnitus at some point in their life, and 25% of the Australian workforce experience tinnitus: 15% occasional, 5% intermittent and 6% constant) [1]. […] Tinnitus Epidemiology: Prevalence, Severity, Exposures And Treatment Patterns In The United States. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Feb 14];142(10):959–65. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC5812683/pdf/nihms940519.pdf […] The Bionics Institute are developing an objective test of tinnitus, to aid diagnosis; facilitate more accurate symptom monitoring, and accelerate development of new treatments. […] The results of research studies have shown measurable differences between people with and without tinnitus, and distinguishing between subjective severities.
  • #95
    https://www.linkedin.com/posts/earsgonewrong_need-for-tinnitus-epidemiology-research-activity-7293653657814712320-0hJX
    Need for tinnitus epidemiology research The study of tinnitus is, in many ways, still in its infancy with much to be gained through ongoing and future research. Prevalence data are needed to understand the distribution of tinnitus in various populations. Longitudinal studies are needed to address gaps in our understanding of how tinnitus prevalence changes over time, how tinnitus characteristics change within individuals, and to establish the determinants of new-onset tinnitus. […] Epidemiology research is essential to answer these key questions and inform best practices.
  • #96 Tinnitus in middle-age: prevalence and incidence | ENT & Audiology News
    https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/features/audiology-features/post/tinnitus-in-middle-age-prevalence-and-incidence
    Population-based studies of tinnitus provide crucial underpinning evidence which highlights the need for further research on the effective diagnosis and clinical management of this heterogenous condition. Furthermore, such studies provide evidence of the burden of this condition both on the general population but also on the provision of healthcare services. […] Prevalence estimates of tinnitus in the general population provide a snapshot of the proportion of people experiencing the condition at any single point in time. In contrast, estimates of incidence tell us about the risk of developing tinnitus over a period of time by considering new cases over a defined time period. […] A number of studies have investigated the prevalence of tinnitus by sampling individuals from a specified population and then assessing their experience, if any, of tinnitus symptoms.
  • #97 Epidemiological investigations of tinnitus – Nottingham ePrints
    https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/65705/
    Subjective tinnitus is defined as the conscious perception of an auditory sensation in the absence of a corresponding external stimulus. Severe tinnitus can significantly affect physical and mental well-being while incurring substantial social and financial costs on the individual and society. Nonetheless, tinnitus research and financial investment are substantially lower than other comparable conditions. Adequate assessment of tinnitus prevalence and investigating tinnitus-related risk factors could help recognise the burden of tinnitus and the need for adequate resource allocation. Understanding the epidemiology of tinnitus is crucial for addressing the population-level questions and identifying and quantifying exposures that predispose an individual to tinnitus. […] The objectives of this PhD was to address two major aspects of tinnitus epidemiology: (i) estimating the Pan-European prevalence of tinnitus and (ii) identifying tinnitus-related risk factors and quantifying their association with tinnitus, particularly modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors.
  • #98 A study on the epidemiology of tinnitus in the United Kingdom
    https://edoc.unibas.ch/entities/publication/2a6e6a20-397e-4573-82cd-19ceac9c420b
    Subjective tinnitus is a common symptom with potentially negative impact on quality of life. […] To estimate the incidence of tinnitus and to describe patient-related characteristics such as lifestyle factors and comorbidities. […] We identified 109 783 adults with a first-time diagnosis of tinnitus between 2000 and 2016, yielding an overall age-standardized incidence rate of 25.0 new tinnitus cases per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 24.6-25.5). […] There was a steady increase in tinnitus incidence throughout the study period. […] The present observational study found an increasing incidence of tinnitus over time, emphasizing the continuously growing health burden.
  • #99 Epidemiology of Tinnitus: Frequency of the Condition | SpringerLink
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-35647-6_4
    We conducted an umbrella review of the scientific literature followed by a systematic review to comprehensively collect existing evidence on global prevalence from national or regional representative samples of tinnitus. […] Overall, prevalence of any tinnitus was 14.4% in adults and 13.6% in children; prevalence of severe tinnitus was 2.3% in adults and 2.7% in children. […] Our results indicate that globally tinnitus affects more than 740 million people and is felt as a major problem by more than 120 million subjects, mostly aged 65 years or more.

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klasyfikacja WHO infekcja ucha terapia poznawczo-behawioralna niedosłuch odbiorczy audiometria tonalna zawrót głowy zapalenie stawów lek ototoksyczny szum uszny uraz głowy zaburzenie snu nadciśnienie tętnicze interwencja słuchowa niedosłuch percepcja dźwięku