Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Approach to the patient with anal pruritus – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-anal-pruritus

  Itching of the anus or perianal skin is a common disorder usually arising from benign conditions. This topic will review the etiology, diagnostic approach, and management of patients with anal pruritus. […] Anal pruritus is estimated to affect 1 to 5 percent of the general population. However, most of these patients probably do not come to medical attention. Anal pruritus is more common in the fourth to sixth decades of life and has a higher prevalence in males. […] Approximately 75 percent of cases of anal pruritus are secondary to inflammatory, infectious, systemic, neoplastic, and anorectal disorders that contribute to or underlie the development of pruritus. […] Anorectal diseases associated with anal pruritus include prolapsed internal hemorrhoids, abscesses, fissures, and fistulas. […] Anal pruritus can also result from a variety of inflammatory skin disorders.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43472-024-00130-z

  Anal pruritus is a frequent disorder accounting for many proctological consultations, affecting mainly middle-aged males. […] It is believed that it implies a vicious circle of itching and scratching, increasing irritation and inflammation, and thus symptoms. […] The most frequent causes are irritant factors such as anal over-hygiene and some foods, faecal soiling due to incontinence, and proctological diseases such as haemorrhoids. […] Candida infections of the anus and dermatological diseases including contact dermatitis are also frequent. […] Treatment depends principally on the underlying aetiology. […] Anal pruritus is itching of the perianal region. […] It represents the second most common proctological complaint after haemorrhoids. […] Physiopathology of anal pruritus is not fully understood.

• #3 Anal Itching (Pruritus Ani): Causes, Treatment, Home Remedies

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15574-anal-itching-pruritus-ani

  Anal itching (pruritus ani) is a skin condition that affects your perianal area, which may become worse at night or after a bowel movement. […] Anal itching (pruritis ani) is a skin (dermatological) condition that causes itching in your anal area. Itching may worsen at night or after pooping. […] Anal itching has many causes. […] Your healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to identify possible causes of your itchy anus, such as dermatological conditions or illnesses. […] If your healthcare provider can’t determine the cause of your itchy anus, or if you don’t respond to treatment, they may refer you to a dermatologist. […] Treatment for an itchy anus usually first focuses on establishing good anal hygiene. […] With proper hygiene and treatment, the outlook for people with anal itching is good. Your symptoms usually clear up within one to three weeks, though severe cases may take longer to treat. […] Call your healthcare provider if your itchy anus doesn’t improve with treatment, your itching gets worse after treatment or the area looks infected (discolored skin, irritation or swelling).

• #4 Pruritus ani (itchy anus)

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/itchy-anus

  Itchy anus is a common complaint described as an intense itch in the perianal area between the buttocks. […] Itchy anus is a symptom not a diagnosis, so a careful history and skin examination is required to reach a diagnosis. […] Pruritus ani is diagnosed on a normal examination of perianal skin apart from possible secondary excoriations and lichenification. […] The cause of secondary itchy anus is usually established on history and examination. […] Investigations may be required to confirm the cause.

• #5 Anal Itching – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/anal-itching

  Itching of the anus (the opening at the end of the digestive tract where stool leaves the body) and the skin around the anus (perianal skin) is called anal itching or pruritus ani. […] Most often, doctors do not identify a specific disorder as the cause of anal itching, and the itching goes away without treatment after a period of time. […] Once anal itching starts, an itch-scratch-itch cycle can begin, in which scratching causes more itching. […] People who have anal itching plus bloody diarrhea or draining pus should see a doctor as soon as possible. […] Doctors first ask questions about the person’s symptoms and medical history. […] If doctors do not see any abnormalities on or around the anus, they usually do not do tests and simply treat the person’s symptoms. […] The best way to treat anal itching is to treat the underlying disorder. […] Proper hygiene is important. […] Appropriate hygiene practices (careful but gentle cleansing, avoiding strong soaps and chemicals, and decreasing skin moisture) can help relieve symptoms of anal itching.

• #6

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43472-024-00130-z

  Anal pruritus is a frequent disorder accounting for many proctological consultations, affecting mainly middle-aged males. […] It is believed that it implies a vicious circle of itching and scratching, increasing irritation and inflammation, and thus symptoms. […] The most frequent causes are irritant factors such as anal over-hygiene and some foods, faecal soiling due to incontinence, and proctological diseases such as haemorrhoids. […] Candida infections of the anus and dermatological diseases including contact dermatitis are also frequent. […] Treatment depends principally on the underlying aetiology. […] Anal pruritus is itching of the perianal region. […] It represents the second most common proctological complaint after haemorrhoids. […] Physiopathology of anal pruritus is not fully understood.

• #7 Itchy bottom

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/itchy-anus/

  You can often do simple things yourself to ease an itchy bottom (anus). Get medical help if the itching does not stop. […] A GP will try to work out the cause of your itching. They may need to check your bottom (rectal examination). […] It’s unusual for an itchy bottom to be caused by something serious. But rarely, it may be a sign of conditions like diabetes or anal cancer, so it’s important to get it checked by a GP.

• #8 Itchy Bottom (Pruritus Ani): Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani

  An itchy bottom (pruritus ani) is a persistent itch around the anus. There are many different causes, like haemorrhoids, skin conditions, or infections. Treatments depend on the cause, but include hygiene measures and creams or ointments to treat the itching. […] Pruritus ani is the medical term for a persistent (chronic) itchy feeling around the anus, or an itch in the anus. The main symptom is an urge to scratch your anus, which is difficult to resist. […] An itchy bottom (pruritus ani) is a common problem but the exact number of people who develop an itchy bottom is unknown. […] Various conditions may cause an itchy bottom. When the cause is another condition which has been identified, this is known as secondary pruritus ani. However, in many cases the cause is not clear. This is called 'idiopathic pruritus ani’ which means 'itchy anus of unknown cause’. Up to 90% of cases of pruritus ani may be idiopathic.

• #9 Pruritus Ani

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4755774/

  Pruritus ani is a common condition with many different potential causes. Because of this, it can be difficult to treat. […] The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the presentation and diagnostic approach to pruritus ani, as well as the available treatment strategies and their supporting evidence. […] Causes of pruritus ani can be roughly classified into secondary and idiopathic, with 25 to 75% attributed to an identifiable source. […] Local irritation is one of the main causes of pruritus ani. […] Several infections are known to cause pruritus ani. […] Inflammatory conditions include systemic skin processes that can affect the perianal region, in addition to other parts of the body. […] Several systemic diseases can present with generalized pruritus as well as pruritus ani.

• #10 Infektionskrankheiten der Haut | The itchy bottom: causes and treatment | springermedizin.at

  https://www.springermedizin.at/infektionskrankheiten-der-haut/hautpflege/the-itchy-bottom-causes-and-treatment/27197284

  Anal pruritus is a frequent disorder accounting for many proctological consultations, affecting mainly middle-aged males. […] The most frequent causes are irritant factors such as anal over-hygiene and some foods, faecal soiling due to incontinence, and proctological diseases such as haemorrhoids. […] Treatment depends principally on the underlying aetiology. […] Anal pruritus is itching of the perianal region. […] It represents the second most common proctological complaint after haemorrhoids. […] Physiopathology of anal pruritus is not fully understood. […] It is supposed to be initiated by Cfibres in the skin, with the implication of itching mediators such as bradykinin, histamine and kallikrein. […] About 100 possible causes have been identified. […] It can be classified into primary (idiopathic) or secondary.

• #11

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pruritis-ani-expanded-version

  Pruritis ani is a common medical problem affecting both men and women. […] An accurate diagnosis is important in order to treat the specific cause. […] It is believed that an irritating secretion from the anal canal may cause the itching. […] While this is a wide variety of potential causes, it is important to understand that in many cases the itching has no identifiable source. […] A careful medical history must be obtained from the patient focusing on the timing and duration of the pruritis ani as well as any accompanying symptoms. […] Your doctor will perform an office physical examination to provide information regarding a possible cause of the symptoms. […] Primary or idiopathic pruritis ani is classified by a staging system used at Washington Hospital Center, and is based on the physical features of the skin.

• #12 Itchy Bottom (Pruritus Ani): Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani

  Skin conditions cause about half of all cases of secondary pruritus ani. […] If the itch is persistent and you are not sure of the cause, it is best to see a doctor. As there are a number of possible causes (listed above), it is best to be examined and checked out by a doctor to diagnose or rule out known causes. Treatment depends on the cause. […] If a cause for the itchy bottom (pruritus ani) can be identified, it is easier to treat and relieve your symptoms. Most people respond well to treatment for an itchy bottom. However, in some people it can become a persistent (chronic) problem.

• #13

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pruritis-ani-expanded-version

  Pruritis ani is a common medical problem affecting both men and women. […] An accurate diagnosis is important in order to treat the specific cause. […] It is believed that an irritating secretion from the anal canal may cause the itching. […] While this is a wide variety of potential causes, it is important to understand that in many cases the itching has no identifiable source. […] A careful medical history must be obtained from the patient focusing on the timing and duration of the pruritis ani as well as any accompanying symptoms. […] Your doctor will perform an office physical examination to provide information regarding a possible cause of the symptoms. […] Primary or idiopathic pruritis ani is classified by a staging system used at Washington Hospital Center, and is based on the physical features of the skin.

• #14 Anal Itch (Pruritus Ani) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/anal-itch-pruritus-ani-a-to-z

  Anal itch, also known as pruritus ani, is an irritating, itchy sensation around the anus (the opening through which stool passes out of the body). Anal itch is a symptom, not an illness, and it can have many different causes. […] Less often, anal itch is a symptom of some illness or condition that either affects the anal area alone, or involves larger areas of the digestive tract or skin. […] Anal itch is an irritating sensation around the anus that is relieved temporarily by scratching or rubbing. […] If anal itch becomes a chronic (long-term) problem, the skin around the anus may become raw and tender from repeated scratching, or it may thicken and become leathery. […] To help identify the cause of your anal itch, the doctor may ask you to describe your current diet and medications, your bowel habits, and the way you routinely clean your anal area after a bowel movement.

• #15 Anal itching: Causes, treatments, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168728

  An itchy anus can happen for many reasons, including washing too much or too little, psoriasis and other skin conditions, infections, certain foods, and medication use. […] Pruritus ani is the medical term for intense anal itching. In Latin, the term translates to itchy anus. […] Anal itching is a symptom and not a disease in itself. Many people feel embarrassed to seek help, but itching in this part of the body is a common problem, and treatment can usually resolve it. […] Causes of pruritus ani can be either primary, meaning that there is no sign of another condition, or secondary, which means that there is an identifiable underlying cause. […] Anyone with persistent itching should see a doctor. […] To identify the cause, the doctor may ask about how long itching has been present, what makes it worse or better, lifestyle factors, including diet, hygiene practices, and recent travel, and the severity of the itch and its impact on the person’s life.

• #16 Pruritus Ani

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4755774/

  Any anal or perianal neoplasm can present with symptoms of pruritus ani, and up to half of patients with perianal Paget’s or Bowen’s disease have pruritus. […] Primary or idiopathic pruritus is invoked when no specific pathologic etiology can be blamed for the patient’s symptoms. […] Patients presenting with pruritus ani complain of a range of symptoms, from mild irritation to severe, burning pain. […] A detailed anorectal exam is warranted for patients who present with pruritus. […] If the history and examination do not immediately suggest an etiology, confirmatory testing may be necessary. […] The quality of evidence for regimens to treat pruritus ani ranges from none to scantfew rigorous trials exist to favor one therapy over another. […] Initial treatment should be directed toward any secondary causes identified.

• #17 Perianal Disease | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment| Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/perianal-disease/

  Itchy bottom can be socially embarrassing but usually these simple measures are effective. […] Most conditions can be easily diagnosed by a GP after asking about the problem and carrying out an examination or other tests. […] Examination: this usually involves lying on the left hand side of the examining couch to expose the anal area. […] A visual examination and a digital rectal examination (a gloved finger inserted into the rectum) will be carried out and the entire rectal wall will be examined to feel for lumps and check for blood. […] Proctoscopy or rigid sigmoidoscopy: this can be carried out by the GP and involves inserting an illuminated hollow plastic tube into the rectum through which air can be blown to distend the bowel and increase the amount of bowel lining which is visible. […] Flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy: if an explanation for the symptoms is not found by your GP or nurse practitioner, they may refer you to hospital or a specialist centre for these investigations which can examine a much larger area of the bowel.

• #18 Anal itching: Causes, treatments, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168728

  The doctor will then carry out a physical examination, in which they may look for signs of cracked skin or other skin symptoms, inflammation, bleeding around the anal area, swellings that could indicate hemorrhoids, infection, abnormal skin lesions, such as skin tags or warts, and fissures or fistulas. […] In some cases, the doctor may also recommend laboratory tests, such as swabs to check for an infection, a biopsy, if skin-related or other changes are present, a stool culture if diarrhea is a symptom, and blood tests to rule out systemic conditions, such as liver disease. […] If treatment does not resolve the itching within a few weeks, a doctor may refer the person to a specialist. […] If the itching is persistent or severe, or it happens alongside other symptoms, a person should consult a doctor. […] Treating an underlying condition can help stop the itching, and it may prevent further complications.

• #19 Anal Pruritus | Colorectal Surgeons Sydney

  http://colorectalsurgeonssydney.com.au/conditions/anal-conditions/anal-pruritus

  Anal pruritus (also known as pruritus ani) is persistent itching of the skin around the anus. It affects 1- 5% of the population with men more often affected than women. Many present late due to severe embarrassment. It is important not to trivialise the symptoms of this debilitating condition. […] Pruritus ani can be divided into two types: secondary to another condition, and idiopathic, which cannot be attributed to a specific cause. Ideopathic pruritus accounts for more than 50% of patients with this condition. […] These need to be considered in the differential diagnosis and usually respond to corticosteroid creams. Sometimes punch biopsy is required to get a definitive diagnosis. […] Anal cancer is uncommon, as are precancerous lesions (Bowens and Pagets disease). However, when present, they may first present as a perianal itch. It is therefore important for your colorectal surgeon to examine the area, and on occasions a biopsy of any suspicious area may be needed to exclude anal cancer.

• #20 Anal Pruritus | Colorectal Surgeons Sydney

  http://colorectalsurgeonssydney.com.au/conditions/anal-conditions/anal-pruritus

  Anal pruritus (also known as pruritus ani) is persistent itching of the skin around the anus. It affects 1- 5% of the population with men more often affected than women. Many present late due to severe embarrassment. It is important not to trivialise the symptoms of this debilitating condition. […] Pruritus ani can be divided into two types: secondary to another condition, and idiopathic, which cannot be attributed to a specific cause. Ideopathic pruritus accounts for more than 50% of patients with this condition. […] These need to be considered in the differential diagnosis and usually respond to corticosteroid creams. Sometimes punch biopsy is required to get a definitive diagnosis. […] Anal cancer is uncommon, as are precancerous lesions (Bowens and Pagets disease). However, when present, they may first present as a perianal itch. It is therefore important for your colorectal surgeon to examine the area, and on occasions a biopsy of any suspicious area may be needed to exclude anal cancer.

• #21 Itchy anus (pruritus ani) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/itchy-anus

  An itchy anus, also known as pruritus ani is characterised by a constant urge to scratch the anus causing distress. […] A doctor can diagnose you with pruritus ani by doing a physical examination. […] Your doctor can check that rare and specific causes of itchy anus (such as worms and anal cancer) aren’t overlooked. They can prescribe treatments for the cause of the itch, and can also give you advice to manage your symptoms, so you are less likely to scratch. […] Depending on your symptoms and any other co-existing health conditions, your doctor may refer you to a dermatologist (skin specialist) who will examine your body. They will check if your itchy anus is caused by a skin condition. […] Sometimes your doctor may choose to do the following tests: skin biopsy: to rule out any specific causes, blood tests: to check for diabetes, allergy testing: to check if your itch is due to an allergic reaction, proctoscopy: a colorectal surgeon will put a small camera in your anus to look for haemorrhoids, anal fissures or warts.

• #22 Infektionskrankheiten der Haut | The itchy bottom: causes and treatment | springermedizin.at

  https://www.springermedizin.at/infektionskrankheiten-der-haut/hautpflege/the-itchy-bottom-causes-and-treatment/27197284

  Main secondary causes can be classified into local irritation, infections, proctological diseases, neoplastic lesions, dermatological and systemic diseases, and other aetiologies. […] Rigorous history taking is mandatory to identify a potential secondary cause, and thus to be able to propose an adapted treatment. […] A systemic evaluation should search for other dermatological lesions that could be associated with systemic diseases potentially responsible for anal pruritus. […] Depending on symptoms at medical history and clinical examination, further investigations are needed. […] Treatment should be directed through whatever causing factor that has been identified. […] Diagnosis and treatment are mainly based on eviction testing to identify the incriminated irritant agent. […] Diagnosis is based on clinical examination.

• #23 Anal Itching: Treatment, Causes, Symptoms & Home Remedies

  https://www.medicinenet.com/anal_itching/article.htm

  Anal itching (known medically as pruritus ani) is irritation of the skin at the opening of the anal canal through which stool exits the body which leads to itching. […] How do medical professionals diagnose the cause of anal itching? […] Anal itching is first evaluated with a careful examination of the anus for such abnormalities as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, skin tags, moisture, and excoriations (breaks in the skin from scratching). […] For persistent anal itching, efforts are directed toward identifying an underlying cause. An examination by a doctor can rapidly identify the most causes of anal itching.

• #24 About Pinworm Infection | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/index.html

  If you or someone you know is showing signs of a pinworm infection, speak with your healthcare provider. There are three ways, with your help, your provider can diagnose pinworm infection: […] Conduct a „tape test” to collect possible pinworm eggs around the anus. […] Learn more about the specific steps to take on the Diagnosis page.

• #25 Anal itching – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345

  Anal itching is a common condition. The itch in or around the anus is often intense and can be embarrassing and uncomfortable. […] If the symptoms don’t clear up with self-care, talk with your health care provider. With treatment, most people get complete relief. […] Medical care isn’t needed for most anal itching. But see your health care provider if: Anal itching is severe or constant, You have anal bleeding or stool leakage, The anal area seems to be infected, You can’t figure out what’s causing a constant itch. […] Possible causes of anal itching include: Irritants. Fecal incontinence and long-term diarrhea can irritate the skin. Or your skin care routine may include products or behaviors that irritate the skin. Examples include using harsh soaps or wiping too hard and too often. Infections. These include sexually transmitted infections, pinworm infections and yeast infections. Skin conditions. Sometimes anal itching is the result of a specific skin condition, such as dry skin, psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Other medical conditions. These include diabetes, thyroid disease and hemorrhoids. […] Often the cause of anal itching isn’t known.

• #26 Itchy Anus: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/itchy-anus

  Anal itching, or pruritus ani, is a common symptom of a variety of conditions. A person may experience burning, itching, redness, or soreness in the anal area. Depending on the underlying cause, a doctor can prescribe an appropriate medication. […] Medical conditions that can cause anal itching include: diarrhea, fecal incontinence (leaking stool), hemorrhoids, parasitic infections, sexually transmitted infections, skin tags, bacterial infections, yeast infections, anal fissures, anal tumors. […] Symptoms of an itchy anus are rarely a medical emergency. An exception is when you experience bleeding from your rectum. Bleeding may signal recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. […] If the itching is due to an infection, a doctor can prescribe an antifungal, antibacterial, or antiparasitic treatment to get rid of the infectious organisms.

• #27 Anal Pruritus | endoscopy online

  https://www.endoscopyonline.com.au/anal-pruritus/

  Anal pruritus (also known as pruritus ani) is persistent itching of the skin around the anus. It affects 1- 5% of the population with men more often affected than women. […] It is important not to trivialise the symptoms of this debilitating condition. […] Pruritus ani can be divided into two types: secondary to another condition, and idiopathic, which cannot be attributed to a specific cause. […] Ideopathic pruritus accounts for more than 50% of patients with this condition. […] These need to be considered in the differential diagnosis and usually respond to corticosteroid creams. […] Anal cancer is uncommon, as are precancerous lesions (Bowens and Pagets disease). However, when present, they may first present as a perianal itch. […] Treatment needs to be aimed at identifying treating reversible causes, and getting severe intractable cases out of the itch-scratch cycle.

• #28 Anal Itching (Pruritus Ani): Causes, Treatment, Home Remedies

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15574-anal-itching-pruritus-ani

  Anal itching (pruritus ani) is a skin condition that affects your perianal area, which may become worse at night or after a bowel movement. […] Anal itching (pruritis ani) is a skin (dermatological) condition that causes itching in your anal area. Itching may worsen at night or after pooping. […] Anal itching has many causes. […] Your healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to identify possible causes of your itchy anus, such as dermatological conditions or illnesses. […] If your healthcare provider can’t determine the cause of your itchy anus, or if you don’t respond to treatment, they may refer you to a dermatologist. […] Treatment for an itchy anus usually first focuses on establishing good anal hygiene. […] With proper hygiene and treatment, the outlook for people with anal itching is good. Your symptoms usually clear up within one to three weeks, though severe cases may take longer to treat. […] Call your healthcare provider if your itchy anus doesn’t improve with treatment, your itching gets worse after treatment or the area looks infected (discolored skin, irritation or swelling).

• #29 Anal itching: Causes, treatments, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168728

  The doctor will then carry out a physical examination, in which they may look for signs of cracked skin or other skin symptoms, inflammation, bleeding around the anal area, swellings that could indicate hemorrhoids, infection, abnormal skin lesions, such as skin tags or warts, and fissures or fistulas. […] In some cases, the doctor may also recommend laboratory tests, such as swabs to check for an infection, a biopsy, if skin-related or other changes are present, a stool culture if diarrhea is a symptom, and blood tests to rule out systemic conditions, such as liver disease. […] If treatment does not resolve the itching within a few weeks, a doctor may refer the person to a specialist. […] If the itching is persistent or severe, or it happens alongside other symptoms, a person should consult a doctor. […] Treating an underlying condition can help stop the itching, and it may prevent further complications.

• #30 Anal itching – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000689.htm

  Anal itching occurs when the skin around your anus becomes irritated. You may feel intense itching around and just inside the anus. […] Anal itching may be caused by: Spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and other irritating foods and beverages, Scents or dyes in toilet paper or soap, Diarrhea, Hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in or around your anus, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Taking antibiotics, Yeast infections, Parasites, such as pinworms, which more commonly occur in children. […] To treat anal itching at home, you should keep the area as clean and dry as possible. […] Contact your health care provider if you have: A rash or lump in or around the anus, Bleeding or discharge from the anus, Fever. […] Also, contact your provider if self-care does not help within 2 or 3 weeks.

• #31 Is It Normal to Have an Itchy Anus? – NYC Gastroenterologist | Manhattan Gastroenterology

  https://www.manhattangastroenterology.com/is-it-normal-to-have-an-itchy-anus/

  Having an itching anus is not unusual. Many people experience itching inside or around the rectum due to several factors, including some infection, hemorrhoids, or even an underlying condition that can be treated by a professional. […] Anal itching is a common condition. You may develop the itch inside or around the anus, which is often intense, and feel a strong urge to scratch. […] Everyone can experience an itchy anus from time to time. […] In many cases of anal itching, the symptoms worsen at night and even affect your sleep. […] Even though some anal itching is normal, persistent or severe itching can be annoying and lead to complications if not treated by a trained healthcare professional. […] The following symptoms accompanied by an itchy anus indicate some underlying condition or serious problem: Bleeding, Leaking stool, Signs of infection, No obvious cause.

• #32

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pruritis-ani-expanded-version

  Pruritis ani is a common medical problem affecting both men and women. […] An accurate diagnosis is important in order to treat the specific cause. […] It is believed that an irritating secretion from the anal canal may cause the itching. […] While this is a wide variety of potential causes, it is important to understand that in many cases the itching has no identifiable source. […] A careful medical history must be obtained from the patient focusing on the timing and duration of the pruritis ani as well as any accompanying symptoms. […] Your doctor will perform an office physical examination to provide information regarding a possible cause of the symptoms. […] Primary or idiopathic pruritis ani is classified by a staging system used at Washington Hospital Center, and is based on the physical features of the skin.

• #33 Anal Pruritus | endoscopy online

  https://www.endoscopyonline.com.au/anal-pruritus/

  Anal pruritus (also known as pruritus ani) is persistent itching of the skin around the anus. It affects 1- 5% of the population with men more often affected than women. […] It is important not to trivialise the symptoms of this debilitating condition. […] Pruritus ani can be divided into two types: secondary to another condition, and idiopathic, which cannot be attributed to a specific cause. […] Ideopathic pruritus accounts for more than 50% of patients with this condition. […] These need to be considered in the differential diagnosis and usually respond to corticosteroid creams. […] Anal cancer is uncommon, as are precancerous lesions (Bowens and Pagets disease). However, when present, they may first present as a perianal itch. […] Treatment needs to be aimed at identifying treating reversible causes, and getting severe intractable cases out of the itch-scratch cycle.

• #34 Itchy Bottom (Pruritus Ani): Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani

  Skin conditions cause about half of all cases of secondary pruritus ani. […] If the itch is persistent and you are not sure of the cause, it is best to see a doctor. As there are a number of possible causes (listed above), it is best to be examined and checked out by a doctor to diagnose or rule out known causes. Treatment depends on the cause. […] If a cause for the itchy bottom (pruritus ani) can be identified, it is easier to treat and relieve your symptoms. Most people respond well to treatment for an itchy bottom. However, in some people it can become a persistent (chronic) problem.

• #35 Perianal Disease | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment| Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/perianal-disease/

  Itchy bottom can be socially embarrassing but usually these simple measures are effective. […] Most conditions can be easily diagnosed by a GP after asking about the problem and carrying out an examination or other tests. […] Examination: this usually involves lying on the left hand side of the examining couch to expose the anal area. […] A visual examination and a digital rectal examination (a gloved finger inserted into the rectum) will be carried out and the entire rectal wall will be examined to feel for lumps and check for blood. […] Proctoscopy or rigid sigmoidoscopy: this can be carried out by the GP and involves inserting an illuminated hollow plastic tube into the rectum through which air can be blown to distend the bowel and increase the amount of bowel lining which is visible. […] Flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy: if an explanation for the symptoms is not found by your GP or nurse practitioner, they may refer you to hospital or a specialist centre for these investigations which can examine a much larger area of the bowel.

• #36 Anal Pruritus | Colorectal Surgeons Sydney

  http://colorectalsurgeonssydney.com.au/conditions/anal-conditions/anal-pruritus

  Anal pruritus (also known as pruritus ani) is persistent itching of the skin around the anus. It affects 1- 5% of the population with men more often affected than women. Many present late due to severe embarrassment. It is important not to trivialise the symptoms of this debilitating condition. […] Pruritus ani can be divided into two types: secondary to another condition, and idiopathic, which cannot be attributed to a specific cause. Ideopathic pruritus accounts for more than 50% of patients with this condition. […] These need to be considered in the differential diagnosis and usually respond to corticosteroid creams. Sometimes punch biopsy is required to get a definitive diagnosis. […] Anal cancer is uncommon, as are precancerous lesions (Bowens and Pagets disease). However, when present, they may first present as a perianal itch. It is therefore important for your colorectal surgeon to examine the area, and on occasions a biopsy of any suspicious area may be needed to exclude anal cancer.

• #37 Pruritus: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p55.html

  Pruritus is the sensation of itching; it can be caused by dermatologic and systemic conditions. […] An initial evaluation for systemic causes may include a complete blood count with differential, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, liver function tests, iron studies, fasting glucose or A1C level, and a thyroid-stimulating hormone test. […] In the absence of primary skin lesions, physicians should consider evaluation for malignancy in older patients with chronic generalized pruritus. […] If the evaluation for multiple etiologies of pruritus is ambiguous, clinicians may consider psychogenic etiologies and consultation with a specialist. […] The differential diagnosis of pruritus is broad and includes acute and chronic (i.e., at least six weeks of symptoms) presentations. […] When distinct exposures result in symptoms, the underlying etiology is often discovered.

• #38 Infektionskrankheiten der Haut | The itchy bottom: causes and treatment | springermedizin.at

  https://www.springermedizin.at/infektionskrankheiten-der-haut/hautpflege/the-itchy-bottom-causes-and-treatment/27197284

  If an infection is suspected, microbiological swabs can be performed to confirm diagnosis. […] In the presence of lesions compatibles with a neoplasia, a biopsy is mandatory. […] If a systemic disease is suspected or in case of refractory symptoms despite an adapted treatment, a blood test can be performed. […] Anal pruritus is a common source of proctological consultations, and the appropriate management depends on the identification of a potential secondary cause through rigorous history taking, physical examination and directed complementary investigations. […] The treatment relies on the identification of a potential aetiology, and should be based on a step-up approach.

• #39 Pruritus: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p55.html

  However, the absence of obvious triggers or examination findings coupled with chronic symptoms makes identifying the underlying etiology of pruritus more challenging. […] Systemic etiologies of pruritus should be considered in the absence of symptoms or findings suggestive of dermatologic disease. […] Chronic conditions, including renal and hepatic failure, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, and multiple sclerosis, can also precipitate diffuse pruritus without concurrent skin disease. […] A detailed history helps build the differential diagnosis for pruritus. […] Physicians should inquire about the extent of bodily involvement; the frequency, quality, intensity, duration, and triggers of itching; and alleviating factors. […] Systemic symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, unintentional weight loss, and night sweats, are concerning for malignancy, particularly in older patients with chronic generalized pruritus without an obvious exposure association.

• #40 Pruritus ani

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/pruritus-ani

  Pruritus ani is a common condition characterised by the sensation of perianal itching or burning. Most cases are idiopathic or hygiene-related, but it can be secondary to an underlying skin condition, or occasionally a bowel disorder. […] In order to ascertain the diagnosis patients require: An accurate history including bowel habit and hygiene regime, Examination of the perianal skin (and the genitalia if lichen sclerosus is suspected), A digital rectal examination in appropriate cases, Skin swabs, Additionally, some patients require a more thorough skin examination if the likely cause is an inflammatory skin condition. […] All patients require a swab for microscopy, culture and sensitivity (MCS). […] A good hygiene regime is important. […] Treat relevant infections such as threadworms, streptococcus, and candida. […] If haemorrhoids or anal skin tags remain a problem the patient may need to be referred for further management.

• #41 Anal Pruritus | Colorectal Surgeons Sydney

  http://colorectalsurgeonssydney.com.au/conditions/anal-conditions/anal-pruritus

  Treatment needs to be aimed at identifying treating reversible causes, and getting severe intractable cases out of the itch-scratch cycle. […] A small group with pruritus ani may have a degree of obsessive compulsive personality, and this group may require more targeted cognitive behaviour therapy to avoid ritualistic repetitive cleaning practices. […] It must be emphasised that scratching the affected area is to be resisted, no matter how tempting it may be, as it only aggravates the problem and can lead to bleeding from the anal area and a delay in the recovery process. […] Anal pruritus is often exacerbated by watery stools. A tablespoon or sachet of ispaghula husk (Metamucil or Fibogel) twice a day, can firm loose stools. […] There are many over-the-counter creams or ointments that can be applied to the anus to reduce itch. Ointments contain petroleum jelly (Vasoline) as the barrier compound, whereas creams are non-oily water based and may contain zinc oxide.

• #42 Pruritis (Itchy) Anus, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions by Kenneth Kee | eBook | Barnes & Noble®

  https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/pruritis-kenneth-kee/1131427755

  The disorder is most frequent in people age 40s to 60s. […] Anal itching may be caused by: 1. Spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and other irritating foods and beverages 2. Scents or dyes in toilet paper or soap 3. Diarrhea 4. Hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in or around the anus 5. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 6. Taking antibiotics 7. Yeast infections 8. Parasites, such as pinworms, which more often happen in children. […] This symptom of pruritis or itching is frequent to many anorectal disorders. […] It is not always clear what causes the long-standing history of primary pruritis ani. […] An office biopsy with a small 3 or 4 mm sample of tissue may also be taken to help with diagnosis.

• #43

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Anal-Itching-in-Young-Children.aspx

  Anal itching (pruritus ani) is common among children. This uncomfortable condition can have a variety of causes. Thankfully, most of these causes are easily treatable. […] The most common cause of anal itching is pinworms. Around 20% of all children in the United States will be affected by pinworms at some time in their lives. […] Most children with pinworms have intense itching of the perianal (around the anus) area. This is worse at night or in the early morning. […] Pinworms are very contagious and often spread from child to child. […] The information you share about how your child is feeling and behaving can help the doctor diagnose pinworms. […] Thankfully, the treatment for pinworms is relatively simple. Your doctor will recommend a medicine for your child to swallow one time, and then to take again 2 weeks later.

• #44

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Anal-Itching-in-Young-Children.aspx

  Anal itching (pruritus ani) is common among children. This uncomfortable condition can have a variety of causes. Thankfully, most of these causes are easily treatable. […] The most common cause of anal itching is pinworms. Around 20% of all children in the United States will be affected by pinworms at some time in their lives. […] Most children with pinworms have intense itching of the perianal (around the anus) area. This is worse at night or in the early morning. […] Pinworms are very contagious and often spread from child to child. […] The information you share about how your child is feeling and behaving can help the doctor diagnose pinworms. […] Thankfully, the treatment for pinworms is relatively simple. Your doctor will recommend a medicine for your child to swallow one time, and then to take again 2 weeks later.

• #45 Pinworm Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pinworm.html

  Pinworm infections are contagious. […] The doctor will ask questions about your child’s symptoms and check your child’s bottom. The doctor may ask you to help make the diagnosis of pinworms by doing a tape test: Press the sticky side of a piece of clear tape against the skin around your child’s anus at night or when they first wake up (pinworm eggs will stick to the tape). […] The doctor also might take some samples from under a child’s fingernails to look for eggs.

• #46

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Anal-Itching-in-Young-Children.aspx

  Perianal strep (A Streptococcus) infection is common in children between 6 months and 10 years old. It leads to a rash, itching and sometimes pain. […] Skin irritation is another common cause of anal itch. The cause for the irritation can be many things, Examples include tight clothing, poor toilet hygiene or products like packaged wipes, bubble bath, soaps or cleaning products. […] Protecting the affected skin with petrolatum ointment or zinc oxide paste (the ingredient in many diaper rash creams) is a good first treatment.

• #47

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43472-024-00130-z

  It is supposed to be initiated by Cfibres in the skin, with the implication of itching mediators such as bradykinin, histamine and kallikrein. […] About 100 possible causes have been identified. […] Diagnosis and treatment are mainly based on eviction testing to identify the incriminated irritant agent. […] Diagnosis is based on clinical examination. […] If an infection is suspected, microbiological swabs can be performed to confirm diagnosis. […] Treatment strategies must often be escalated until a good regimen is found, which can be a long road for the patient and the clinician. […] Anal pruritus is a common source of proctological consultations, and the appropriate management depends on the identification of a potential secondary cause through rigorous history taking, physical examination and directed complementary investigations.

• #48 Infektionskrankheiten der Haut | The itchy bottom: causes and treatment | springermedizin.at

  https://www.springermedizin.at/infektionskrankheiten-der-haut/hautpflege/the-itchy-bottom-causes-and-treatment/27197284

  If an infection is suspected, microbiological swabs can be performed to confirm diagnosis. […] In the presence of lesions compatibles with a neoplasia, a biopsy is mandatory. […] If a systemic disease is suspected or in case of refractory symptoms despite an adapted treatment, a blood test can be performed. […] Anal pruritus is a common source of proctological consultations, and the appropriate management depends on the identification of a potential secondary cause through rigorous history taking, physical examination and directed complementary investigations. […] The treatment relies on the identification of a potential aetiology, and should be based on a step-up approach.

• #49

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pruritus-ani

  Pruritis ani means itchy anus in Latin. This condition causes irritation of the skin near the anus, resulting in a strong urge to scratch the area. In many cases, no specific problem is found to explain the itching. These cases are called idiopathic (from unknown cause). […] A thorough examination by a colon and rectal surgeon may identify the cause of itching. In some cases, no underlying reason is identified. Treatment of pruritis ani involves preventing further irritation and moisture in the affected area and avoiding scratching. […] Most people experience some relief from itching within a week. If symptoms do not resolve after six weeks, make a follow-up appointment with your physician. Recurring symptoms are not uncommon and patients may need to make long-term lifestyle changes to remain symptom free. […] Pruritis ani is a common medical problem affecting both men and women. This information was composed to help patients understand pruritis ani, its symptoms, evaluation, and treatment options.

• #50 Anal Itching (Pruritus Ani): Causes, Treatment, Home Remedies

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15574-anal-itching-pruritus-ani

  Anal itching (pruritus ani) is a skin condition that affects your perianal area, which may become worse at night or after a bowel movement. […] Anal itching (pruritis ani) is a skin (dermatological) condition that causes itching in your anal area. Itching may worsen at night or after pooping. […] Anal itching has many causes. […] Your healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to identify possible causes of your itchy anus, such as dermatological conditions or illnesses. […] If your healthcare provider can’t determine the cause of your itchy anus, or if you don’t respond to treatment, they may refer you to a dermatologist. […] Treatment for an itchy anus usually first focuses on establishing good anal hygiene. […] With proper hygiene and treatment, the outlook for people with anal itching is good. Your symptoms usually clear up within one to three weeks, though severe cases may take longer to treat. […] Call your healthcare provider if your itchy anus doesn’t improve with treatment, your itching gets worse after treatment or the area looks infected (discolored skin, irritation or swelling).

• #51 Itchy Bottom (Pruritus Ani): Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani

  Skin conditions cause about half of all cases of secondary pruritus ani. […] If the itch is persistent and you are not sure of the cause, it is best to see a doctor. As there are a number of possible causes (listed above), it is best to be examined and checked out by a doctor to diagnose or rule out known causes. Treatment depends on the cause. […] If a cause for the itchy bottom (pruritus ani) can be identified, it is easier to treat and relieve your symptoms. Most people respond well to treatment for an itchy bottom. However, in some people it can become a persistent (chronic) problem.

• #52 Anal itching – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345

  Anal itching is a common condition. The itch in or around the anus is often intense and can be embarrassing and uncomfortable. […] If the symptoms don’t clear up with self-care, talk with your health care provider. With treatment, most people get complete relief. […] Medical care isn’t needed for most anal itching. But see your health care provider if: Anal itching is severe or constant, You have anal bleeding or stool leakage, The anal area seems to be infected, You can’t figure out what’s causing a constant itch. […] Possible causes of anal itching include: Irritants. Fecal incontinence and long-term diarrhea can irritate the skin. Or your skin care routine may include products or behaviors that irritate the skin. Examples include using harsh soaps or wiping too hard and too often. Infections. These include sexually transmitted infections, pinworm infections and yeast infections. Skin conditions. Sometimes anal itching is the result of a specific skin condition, such as dry skin, psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Other medical conditions. These include diabetes, thyroid disease and hemorrhoids. […] Often the cause of anal itching isn’t known.

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