Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Placental abruption: epidemiology, risk factors and consequences – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21241259/

  Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). […] In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. […] In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing. Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.

• #2 Treatment of placental abruption following blunt abdominal trauma: a case report

  https://www.jtraumainj.org/journal/view.php?number=1331

  Trauma during pregnancy poses a potentially tragic risk to both the fetus and mother, making its management particularly challenging. […] We also present a review of traumatic placental abruption and its epidemiology. […] The incidence of trauma during pregnancy is approximately 7%, with a higher incidence observed at advanced gestational age. […] Placental abruption is a severe traumatic event that can occur during pregnancy. It occurs in 1% of all pregnancies and is one of the most frequent causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity. […] Although the initial management priorities for injured pregnant women are the same as those for nonpregnant patients, physicians should keep in mind that there are two patients: the fetus and the mother. […] Placental abruption is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality, which occurs in half of major trauma cases.

• #2

  https://step2.medbullets.com/evidence/21241259

  Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). Placental abruption is also one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Maternal risks include obstetric hemorrhage, need for blood transfusions, emergency hysterectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and renal failure. Maternal death is rare but seven times higher than the overall maternal mortality rate. Perinatal consequences include low birthweight, preterm delivery, asphyxia, stillbirth and perinatal death. In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. […] In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing. Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.

• #3 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Placental Abruption—Detailed Annual Data and Clinical Perspectives from Polish Tertiary Center

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5148

  Placental abruption (PA) is commonly defined as a complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine wall that takes place after the 20th week of gestation and prior to birth, with the fetus still present in the uterine cavity. Even though the prevalence of PA is low—about 0.4–1%, this complication is responsible for 10% of perinatal deaths occurring in developed countries. […] The calculated PA incidence of 0.7% is consistent with the literature data. In 31% of cases, the diagnosis was confirmed with a histopathological examination. […] The frequency of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy did not significantly differ between the control group and the study group. […] The study was conducted in the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw. It is a multidisciplinary tertiary perinatal medical care center taking care of patients from across the country, as they are referred here from many regional hospitals. The aims of this study were to estimate the clinical characteristics, incidence, and perinatal outcomes of placental abruption in the female population of Warsaw, basing the analysis on the detailed annual records from this institution and exploring the perspectives and directions for possible improvement of the management of this life-threatening condition.

• #4 Placenta Problems (Accreta and Abruption) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/placenta-and-placental-problems

  Placental abruption is one of the two most important causes of antepartum haemorrhage (the other being placenta praevia), and it affects 0.3-1% of pregnancies. […] It is an important cause of perinatal mortality: in a study of 7.5 million singleton births in the USA, perinatal mortality rate was 11.9% with abruption compared with 0.8% among all other births. […] Abruption is a sudden unexpected obstetric emergency that usually occurs in pregnancies without any risk factors and so cannot be predicted in most cases. […] There are recognised factors that increase the risk – these include: Previous abruption carries the highest risk of abruption in current pregnancy. […] A 2020 meta-analysis showed that aspirin at a daily dose of 100 mg (for prevention of pre-eclampsia) that is initiated at 16 weeks of gestation, rather than 16 weeks, may decrease the risk of placental abruption or antepartum haemorrhage.

• #5 An International Contrast of Rates of Placental Abruption: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0125246

  The rate of abruption, across all years, was highest in the US (ranging from 7.4 in 1980 to 11.9 per 1000 in 2007) and lowest in Finland (ranging from 4.8 in 1994 to 3.3 per 1000 in 2009). The rates of abruption in all European countries showed a temporal decline, and the most dramatic decline was seen in Denmark. […] The strong maternal age effect on placental abruption is consistent across all seven countries in this international comparison; these data do not show any evidence of a birth cohort effect. Since 2000 (or earlier), abruption rates in Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Spain show a sharp decline but the rates in the US since 2000 have plateaued.

• #6 Placental Abruption | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Placental%20Abruption/item/122

  This epidemiologic evidence supports a common etiologic mechanism present in these conditions, and placental abruption appears to be one of the possible clinical manifestations of ischemic placental disease. […] Placental abruption complicates approximately 1% of all singleton pregnancies, and the incidence is at least doubled in twin gestations. A recent, population-based epidemiologic study in the United States comprising 7,465,858 singleton and 193,266 twin births found that abruption was recorded in 0.59% and 1.22% of singleton and twin births, respectively. […] The incidence of abruption has been increasing in the United States and in other western societies. An analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Survey data (19791987) indicates that the incidence of abruption increased 28.7% between 1979 and 1980 (8.2/1000 pregnancies) and 1987 (11.5/1000 pregnancies). […] Although the reason for this increase was unknown, the authors conclude that most of the increase occurred among women who were likely to be socially and financially disadvantaged.

• #7 EM@3AM: Placental Abruption – emDocs

  https://www.emdocs.net/em3am-placental-abruption/

  Placental abruption is defined as the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall usually after 20 weeks and prior to delivery. […] Incidence: placental abruption has been seen in about 0.6-1% of births in the U.S. […] Increased incidence found to be highest at 24-26 weeks gestation and drops with advancing gestation.

• #8 Placenta Previa and Placenta Abruption | Article | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-10–common-obstetric-conditions–placenta-previa-and-placenta-abruption/id/413763

  Placenta abruptio contributes to about one-third of all antepartum hemorrhages, occurs in about 0.51% of all pregnancies, causes fetal death in about 1 of every 420830 deliveries and results in 10% of preterm births. […] Although some studies show increases others show decreases or plateau in incidence and/or prevalence of abruptio placenta. […] The highest incidence of placenta abruption occurs at 2426 weeks gestation.

• #9 Abruptio Placentae | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816105/all/Abruptio_Placentae

  Bleeding at the decidua-placental interface. The diagnosis is typically reserved for pregnancies after 20 weeks. […] The overall prevalence rate of abruption in United States is 9.6/1,000, of which 2/3 of cases were classified as being severe (6.5/1,000). […] 80% of cases occur prior to onset of delivery. […] 4060% occur before 37 weeks of gestation; 14% occur before 32 weeks. […] Risk of placental abruption is higher if: History placental abruption in first pregnancy, Hypertensive disorders in the index pregnancy, At extremes of age in the reproductive window.

• #10 An International Contrast of Rates of Placental Abruption: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0125246

  Although rare, placental abruption is implicated in disproportionately high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Understanding geographic and temporal variations may provide insights into possible amenable factors of abruption. […] The prevalence of abruption in European countries is 36 per 1000 pregnancies, whereas the corresponding data in North America is two-fold higher (712 per 1000 pregnancies). Furthermore, recent European studies have documented a temporal decline in abruption rates, but data from the US and Canada have shown increased rates. […] There is substantial empirical evidence that supports a potential contribution of age, period, as well as cohort effects to abruption rates. Maternal age shows a J-shaped distribution of risk for abruption, with young (20 years) and advanced maternal age (35 years) at increased risk.

• #11 An International Contrast of Rates of Placental Abruption: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0125246

  The rate of abruption, across all years, was highest in the US (ranging from 7.4 in 1980 to 11.9 per 1000 in 2007) and lowest in Finland (ranging from 4.8 in 1994 to 3.3 per 1000 in 2009). The rates of abruption in all European countries showed a temporal decline, and the most dramatic decline was seen in Denmark. […] The strong maternal age effect on placental abruption is consistent across all seven countries in this international comparison; these data do not show any evidence of a birth cohort effect. Since 2000 (or earlier), abruption rates in Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Spain show a sharp decline but the rates in the US since 2000 have plateaued.

• #12 Placental abruption: a five-year review of prevalence, risk factors and foeto-maternal outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria – MedCrave online

  https://medcraveonline.com/OGIJ/placental-abruption-a-five-year-review-of-prevalence-risk-factors-and-foeto-maternal-outcomes-in-a-tertiary-hospital-enugu-nigeria.html

  Placental abruption is one of the major causes of antepartum haemorrhage with high propensity to cause maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. […] This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and foeto-maternal outcomes of placental abruption at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), South-East Nigeria. […] Over the 5-year study period, 10,020 deliveries, and one hundred and seventy-one (171) cases of placental abruption were observed, giving the prevalence of placental abruption at 1.71% or 17.1 per 1000 deliveries. […] The prevalence of placental abruption in ESUTH is 1.71%; with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy being the most predisposing risk factor. […] The incidence of placental abruption in developed countries is about 1% of all deliveries, whereas in developing countries it is around 2-8%.

• #13 Placental abruption: a five-year review of prevalence, risk factors and foeto-maternal outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria – MedCrave online

  https://medcraveonline.com/OGIJ/placental-abruption-a-five-year-review-of-prevalence-risk-factors-and-foeto-maternal-outcomes-in-a-tertiary-hospital-enugu-nigeria.html

  The commonest risk factor for abruption among the studied parturient was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and this was noticed in 99(58%) of them. […] Increased operative delivery was the commonest maternal complication observed 126(74%). […] The prevalence of placental abruption at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital is 1.71% or 17.1 per 1000 deliveries. […] Measures to prevent and effectively manage hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is advocated to change the burden of placental abruption.

• #14

  https://hkjgom.org/home/article/view/327

  Of 22 990 deliveries and 23 230 live births, there were 86 placental abruption cases; the incidence was 0.37%. […] After adjusting for confounders, the risk factor for placental abruption was a history of antepartum haemorrhage. […] Clinicians should be vigilant for placental abruption in patients with antepartum haemorrhage, especially in high-risk patients with a history of placental abruption, hypertension, or pre-eclampsia. […] Early and consistent antenatal care is imperative to identify those with risk factors. Proper education and timely preventive management should be provided to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

• #15 Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-025-07482-7

  Placental abruption is one of the most severe complications during pregnancy, and its associated risk factors remain incompletely understood and somewhat controversial. […] A total of 54 observational studies were included, covering 7,267,241 pregnant women, with 47,702 cases diagnosed with placental abruption. […] This study summarizes 58 independent risk factors for placental abruption, covering various aspects such as maternal baseline characteristics and pregnancy complications. […] Globally, the incidence of placental abruption and its associated complications pose significant challenges to maternal and neonatal health. […] Therefore, identifying the independent risk factors for placental abruption not only aids in the early identification of high-risk pregnancies but also contributes to the optimization of prenatal care worldwide, reducing unnecessary maternal and neonatal health losses.

• #16 Acute placental abruption: Pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and consequences – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/placental-abruption-pathophysiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-consequences?sectionName=DIFFERENTIAL%

  Placental abruption is typically defined as the premature separation of the placenta from the decidua at or after 20 weeks gestation. […] This topic will discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and consequences of abruption. […] Abruption is a significant cause of both maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly when it occurs preterm. […] Major risk factors for placental abruption.

• #17 Abruptio Placentae | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816105/all/Abruptio_Placentae

  Bleeding at the decidua-placental interface. The diagnosis is typically reserved for pregnancies after 20 weeks. […] The overall prevalence rate of abruption in United States is 9.6/1,000, of which 2/3 of cases were classified as being severe (6.5/1,000). […] 80% of cases occur prior to onset of delivery. […] 4060% occur before 37 weeks of gestation; 14% occur before 32 weeks. […] Risk of placental abruption is higher if: History placental abruption in first pregnancy, Hypertensive disorders in the index pregnancy, At extremes of age in the reproductive window.

• #18 Placental abruption | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/placental-abruption?lang=us

  Placental abruption (or abruptio placentae) refers to a premature separation of the normally implanted placenta after the 20th week of gestation and before the 3rd stage of labor. It is a potentially fatal complication of pregnancy and a significant cause of third-trimester bleeding/antepartum hemorrhage. […] The estimated incidence is ~1% of all pregnancies. The rate of placental abruption is thought to have dramatically increased in the past few years. […] A number of risk factors have been associated with placental abruption, including: pre-eclampsia and maternal hypertension: up to 50% of cases; previous placental abruption (recurrence rate 19-25%); prolonged rupture of membranes; maternal age: pregnant women who are younger than 20 years or older than 35 years are at greater risk; maternal trauma; cigarette smoking; cocaine or other amphetamine use; thrombophilia; chorioamnionitis; short umbilical cord; multiparity; multifetal pregnancies. […] The recurrence rate of placental abruption is thought to vary between 19-25%.

• #19 Placental abruption | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/placental-abruption

  Placental abruption means the placenta has detached from the wall of the uterus, either partly or totally. This can cause bleeding in the mother and may interfere with the babys supply of oxygen and nutrients. […] Worldwide, placental abruption occurs in about one pregnancy in every 100. […] While the exact cause in most cases is unknown, certain factors make a pregnancy more susceptible to placental abruption. Risk factors may include: […] In nearly half of placenta abruption cases (44%), the pregnant mother is hypertensive. […] Complications in severe cases can include: […] The symptoms and signs of placental abruption can mimic those of other pregnancy conditions, such as placenta praevia and preeclampsia. […] All cases of suspected placental abruption, regardless of severity, should be closely monitored to protect the health and safety of the mother and child. […] While it is impossible to prevent placental abruption, the risk can be reduced.

• #20 An International Contrast of Rates of Placental Abruption: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0125246

  Although rare, placental abruption is implicated in disproportionately high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Understanding geographic and temporal variations may provide insights into possible amenable factors of abruption. […] The prevalence of abruption in European countries is 36 per 1000 pregnancies, whereas the corresponding data in North America is two-fold higher (712 per 1000 pregnancies). Furthermore, recent European studies have documented a temporal decline in abruption rates, but data from the US and Canada have shown increased rates. […] There is substantial empirical evidence that supports a potential contribution of age, period, as well as cohort effects to abruption rates. Maternal age shows a J-shaped distribution of risk for abruption, with young (20 years) and advanced maternal age (35 years) at increased risk.

• #21 Abruptio Placentae: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252810-overview

  The frequency of abruptio placentae in the United States is approximately 1%, and a severe abruption leading to fetal death occurs in 0.12% of pregnancies (1:830). Nearly 50% of placental abruptions occur at term gestations (defined as 37 weeks of gestation). […] Abruptio placentae also occurs in about 1% of all pregnancies throughout the world. […] Placental abruption is more common in African American women than in white or Latin American women. However, whether this is the result of socioeconomic, genetic, or combined factors remains unclear. […] An increased risk of placental abruption has been demonstrated in patients younger than 20 years and those older than 35 years.

• #22 The environmental risk factors prior to conception associated with placental abruption: an umbrella review | Systematic Reviews | Full Text

  https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-022-01915-6

  Eight risk factors including maternal asthma (RR 1.29 95% CI 1.14, 1.47), prior cesarean section (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.351.42), cocaine using (RR 4.55, 95% CI 1.786.50), endometriosis (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.121.76), chronic hypertension (OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.044.80), advanced maternal age (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.351.54), maternal smoking (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.751.85) (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.511.80), and use of ART (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.702.06) were graded as suggestive evidence (class III). […] The other four risk factors including pre-pregnancy underweight (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.121.70), preeclampsia (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.472.04), uterine leiomyoma (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.383.88), and marijuana use (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.322.40) were graded as risk factors with weak evidence (class IV). […] In the present umbrella review, there was no risk factor with the high level of evidence (class I or II). […] The quality of all meta-analyses except for a meta-analysis, based on AMSTAR 2, was critically low.

• #23 Placental Abruption | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Placental%20Abruption/item/122

  In general, uterine bleeding during the second half of pregnancy is a relatively common complication and occurs in approximately 6% to 8% of all pregnancies. Regardless of cause, it is associated with an increased incidence of preterm births and perinatal deaths. […] Placental abruption of various degrees occurs in approximately 1% of all pregnancies or 1 in 100 births. A recent study has shown that abruption is associated with a perinatal mortality rate of 119 per 1000 births, in comparison to a rate of 8.2 per 1000 births in the reference United States population. […] A recently recognized cause of abruption is the epidemic abuse of benzoylmethylecgonine, cocaine, an alkaloid prepared from the leaves of the Erythroxyline coca plant. […] Recently, our group conducted a retrospective cohort study and found that women with preeclampsia, small for gestational age infants, and placental abruption in their first pregnancy (conditions that constitute ischemic placental disease) are at substantially increased risk of recurrence of any or all these conditions in their second pregnancy.

• #24 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Placental Abruption—Detailed Annual Data and Clinical Perspectives from Polish Tertiary Center

  https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i9p5148-d800618.html

  Placental abruption (PA) is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall occurring with the fetus still present in the uterine cavity. It contributes to numerous neonatal and maternal complications, increasing morbidity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary perinatal care center, which included 2210 cases of labor that took place in 2015 with a PA occurrence of 0.7%. […] The identified PA risk factors were uterine malformations, pPROM, placenta previa spectrum, and oligohydramnios. The significant maternal PA complications identified were maternal anemia, uterine rupture, and HELLP syndrome. Preterm delivery occurred significantly more often in the PA group, and the number of weeks of pregnancy and the birth weight at delivery were both significantly lower in the PA group. PA is a relatively rare perinatal complication with very serious consequences, and it still lacks effective prophylaxis and treatment. Despite its rare occurrence, each center should develop a certain strategy for dealing with this pathology or predicting which patients are at risk. Much work is still needed to ensure the proper care of the mother and the baby in this life-threatening condition.

• #25 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Placental Abruption—Detailed Annual Data and Clinical Perspectives from Polish Tertiary Center

  https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i9p5148-d800618.html

  Placental abruption (PA) is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall occurring with the fetus still present in the uterine cavity. It contributes to numerous neonatal and maternal complications, increasing morbidity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary perinatal care center, which included 2210 cases of labor that took place in 2015 with a PA occurrence of 0.7%. […] The identified PA risk factors were uterine malformations, pPROM, placenta previa spectrum, and oligohydramnios. The significant maternal PA complications identified were maternal anemia, uterine rupture, and HELLP syndrome. Preterm delivery occurred significantly more often in the PA group, and the number of weeks of pregnancy and the birth weight at delivery were both significantly lower in the PA group. PA is a relatively rare perinatal complication with very serious consequences, and it still lacks effective prophylaxis and treatment. Despite its rare occurrence, each center should develop a certain strategy for dealing with this pathology or predicting which patients are at risk. Much work is still needed to ensure the proper care of the mother and the baby in this life-threatening condition.

• #26 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Placental Abruption—Detailed Annual Data and Clinical Perspectives from Polish Tertiary Center

  https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i9p5148-d800618.html

  Placental abruption (PA) is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall occurring with the fetus still present in the uterine cavity. It contributes to numerous neonatal and maternal complications, increasing morbidity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary perinatal care center, which included 2210 cases of labor that took place in 2015 with a PA occurrence of 0.7%. […] The identified PA risk factors were uterine malformations, pPROM, placenta previa spectrum, and oligohydramnios. The significant maternal PA complications identified were maternal anemia, uterine rupture, and HELLP syndrome. Preterm delivery occurred significantly more often in the PA group, and the number of weeks of pregnancy and the birth weight at delivery were both significantly lower in the PA group. PA is a relatively rare perinatal complication with very serious consequences, and it still lacks effective prophylaxis and treatment. Despite its rare occurrence, each center should develop a certain strategy for dealing with this pathology or predicting which patients are at risk. Much work is still needed to ensure the proper care of the mother and the baby in this life-threatening condition.

• #27 Risk Factors and Outcomes of Placental Abruption: Evaluation of 53 Cases – The Medical Bulletin of Haseki

  https://hasekidergisi.com/articles/risk-factors-and-outcomes-of-placental-abruption-evaluation-of-53-cases/doi/haseki.3999

  In this study, we found that another factor associated with placental abruption was a history of C/S. […] It is known that the risk of placental abruption increases with parity. […] Previous studies have reported that placental abruption was associated with severe perinatal maternal complications. […] The most common perinatal morbidity in patients with placental abruption is premature delivery which is associated with increase in need for newborn intensive care admission. […] The rate of perinatal mortality was also increased in patients with placental abruption. […] The patients with placental abruption delivered infants with lower Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes. […] According to the results of this study, the risk of placental abruption is increased in patients with a history of previous C/S and particularly in persons with hypertensive disease. Furthermore, placental abruption increases the risk of maternal complications and especially life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

• #28 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Placental Abruption—Detailed Annual Data and Clinical Perspectives from Polish Tertiary Center

  https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i9p5148-d800618.html

  Placental abruption (PA) is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall occurring with the fetus still present in the uterine cavity. It contributes to numerous neonatal and maternal complications, increasing morbidity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary perinatal care center, which included 2210 cases of labor that took place in 2015 with a PA occurrence of 0.7%. […] The identified PA risk factors were uterine malformations, pPROM, placenta previa spectrum, and oligohydramnios. The significant maternal PA complications identified were maternal anemia, uterine rupture, and HELLP syndrome. Preterm delivery occurred significantly more often in the PA group, and the number of weeks of pregnancy and the birth weight at delivery were both significantly lower in the PA group. PA is a relatively rare perinatal complication with very serious consequences, and it still lacks effective prophylaxis and treatment. Despite its rare occurrence, each center should develop a certain strategy for dealing with this pathology or predicting which patients are at risk. Much work is still needed to ensure the proper care of the mother and the baby in this life-threatening condition.

• #29 Preterm placental abruption. Epidemiology, risk factors. Systematic review

  https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-118-133

  Preterm placental abruption is a multifactorial pregnancy complication, the etiology of which remains uncertain, and the risk of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality is high. […] To summarize current knowledge about the epidemiology and causes of preterm placental abruption. […] Thirty-four studies involving 20,833,192 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 193,114 were diagnosed with preterm placental abruption, with an incidence of 0.93% (after excluding five studies with cross-sectional design, the overall incidence of preterm placental abruption decreased to 0.83%). […] According to the results obtained, among the undoubted risk factors for preterm placental abruption were smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.7213.0), anemia (OR 1.362.44), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.72 5.51), the Negroid race (OR 1.473.59), uterine scar (OR 1.536.33) and uterine anomalies (OR 3.354.69).

• #30 Abruptio Placentae: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252810-overview

  The frequency of abruptio placentae in the United States is approximately 1%, and a severe abruption leading to fetal death occurs in 0.12% of pregnancies (1:830). Nearly 50% of placental abruptions occur at term gestations (defined as 37 weeks of gestation). […] Abruptio placentae also occurs in about 1% of all pregnancies throughout the world. […] Placental abruption is more common in African American women than in white or Latin American women. However, whether this is the result of socioeconomic, genetic, or combined factors remains unclear. […] An increased risk of placental abruption has been demonstrated in patients younger than 20 years and those older than 35 years.

• #31 Preterm placental abruption. Epidemiology, risk factors. Systematic review

  https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-118-133

  Preterm placental abruption is a multifactorial pregnancy complication, the etiology of which remains uncertain, and the risk of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality is high. […] To summarize current knowledge about the epidemiology and causes of preterm placental abruption. […] Thirty-four studies involving 20,833,192 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 193,114 were diagnosed with preterm placental abruption, with an incidence of 0.93% (after excluding five studies with cross-sectional design, the overall incidence of preterm placental abruption decreased to 0.83%). […] According to the results obtained, among the undoubted risk factors for preterm placental abruption were smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.7213.0), anemia (OR 1.362.44), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.72 5.51), the Negroid race (OR 1.473.59), uterine scar (OR 1.536.33) and uterine anomalies (OR 3.354.69).

• #32 Treatment of placental abruption following blunt abdominal trauma: a case report

  https://www.jtraumainj.org/journal/view.php?number=1331

  Trauma during pregnancy poses a potentially tragic risk to both the fetus and mother, making its management particularly challenging. […] We also present a review of traumatic placental abruption and its epidemiology. […] The incidence of trauma during pregnancy is approximately 7%, with a higher incidence observed at advanced gestational age. […] Placental abruption is a severe traumatic event that can occur during pregnancy. It occurs in 1% of all pregnancies and is one of the most frequent causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity. […] Although the initial management priorities for injured pregnant women are the same as those for nonpregnant patients, physicians should keep in mind that there are two patients: the fetus and the mother. […] Placental abruption is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality, which occurs in half of major trauma cases.

• #33 Preterm placental abruption. Epidemiology, risk factors. Systematic review

  https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-118-133

  Preterm placental abruption is a multifactorial pregnancy complication, the etiology of which remains uncertain, and the risk of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality is high. […] To summarize current knowledge about the epidemiology and causes of preterm placental abruption. […] Thirty-four studies involving 20,833,192 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 193,114 were diagnosed with preterm placental abruption, with an incidence of 0.93% (after excluding five studies with cross-sectional design, the overall incidence of preterm placental abruption decreased to 0.83%). […] According to the results obtained, among the undoubted risk factors for preterm placental abruption were smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.7213.0), anemia (OR 1.362.44), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.72 5.51), the Negroid race (OR 1.473.59), uterine scar (OR 1.536.33) and uterine anomalies (OR 3.354.69).

• #34 Preterm placental abruption. Epidemiology, risk factors. Systematic review

  https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-118-133

  Preterm placental abruption is a multifactorial pregnancy complication, the etiology of which remains uncertain, and the risk of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality is high. […] To summarize current knowledge about the epidemiology and causes of preterm placental abruption. […] Thirty-four studies involving 20,833,192 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 193,114 were diagnosed with preterm placental abruption, with an incidence of 0.93% (after excluding five studies with cross-sectional design, the overall incidence of preterm placental abruption decreased to 0.83%). […] According to the results obtained, among the undoubted risk factors for preterm placental abruption were smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.7213.0), anemia (OR 1.362.44), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.72 5.51), the Negroid race (OR 1.473.59), uterine scar (OR 1.536.33) and uterine anomalies (OR 3.354.69).

• #35

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44197-025-00373-2

  Placental abruption (PA) is a critical obstetric complication, with maternal smoking recognized as a key risk factor. […] This study investigated whether pregnant women using HTPs are at a higher risk of PA than non-users. […] The association between exposure to HTP aerosols and PA remains insufficiently elucidated owing to the low prevalence of smoking among pregnant women and the rarity of PA incidence. […] However, neglecting to conduct research due to insufficient statistical power might result in ignoring significant maternal and child health risk factors. […] This survey-based study aimed to investigate whether the risk of PA in pregnant women who use HTPs is higher than that in those who do not. […] This study revealed that smoking HTPs during early pregnancy is a risk factor for PA. […] In conclusion, smoking HTPs during early pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PA.

• #36 Study finds genetic risk for placental abruption, could prevent maternal deaths | UW School of Public Health

  https://sph.washington.edu/news-events/news/study-finds-genetic-risk-placental-abruption-could-prevent-maternal-deaths

  Scientists from the University of Washington School of Public Health have identified genetic factors that may increase a womans risk for placental abruption, a leading cause of maternal and neonatal death worldwide. […] Placental abruption is a rare pregnancy complication that can cut off oxygen to the baby and cause mothers to bleed heavily. […] Findings enhance understanding of underlying mechanisms of placental abruption while facilitating placental abruption-related preventative and early diagnostic efforts, he said. […] Recent studies have suggested a genetic predisposition to placental abruption. However, research in this area is young and underdeveloped, said Workalemahu. […] Dozens of genetic variations and networks (collections of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances) were associated with increased risk for placental abruption. […] This study has the potential to enhance our understanding of genetic variations in maternal genome that contribute to a multi-factorial heritable disorder such as placental abruption, wrote the authors.

• #37 Study finds genetic risk for placental abruption, could prevent maternal deaths | UW School of Public Health

  https://sph.washington.edu/news-events/news/study-finds-genetic-risk-placental-abruption-could-prevent-maternal-deaths

  Scientists from the University of Washington School of Public Health have identified genetic factors that may increase a womans risk for placental abruption, a leading cause of maternal and neonatal death worldwide. […] Placental abruption is a rare pregnancy complication that can cut off oxygen to the baby and cause mothers to bleed heavily. […] Findings enhance understanding of underlying mechanisms of placental abruption while facilitating placental abruption-related preventative and early diagnostic efforts, he said. […] Recent studies have suggested a genetic predisposition to placental abruption. However, research in this area is young and underdeveloped, said Workalemahu. […] Dozens of genetic variations and networks (collections of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances) were associated with increased risk for placental abruption. […] This study has the potential to enhance our understanding of genetic variations in maternal genome that contribute to a multi-factorial heritable disorder such as placental abruption, wrote the authors.

• #38 Genetic Variations and Risk of Placental Abruption | Department of Epidemiology

  https://epi.washington.edu/epi_research/genetic-variations-and-risk-of-placental-abruption/

  Placental abruption (PA) is a premature separation of an implanted placenta due to the rupture of the maternal vessels in the decidua basalis prior to delivery of the fetus. PA complicates approximately 1 in 100 pregnancies leading to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. […] Using the largest GWAS of PA, to date, we identified several candidate and novel genetic loci and related functions that may play a role in PA risk. We also replicated previous findings of genetic variants in MB/OP that influence PA risk. Lastly, we identified novel maternal-fetal MB gene interactions and imprinting effects of SNPs in imprinted regions in relation to PA risk. Elucidating genetic factors that underlie pathophysiological mechanisms of PA may facilitate prevention and early diagnostic efforts.

• #39 Placental Abruption – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482335/

  Placental abruption is a relatively rare condition but requires emergent management. The majority of placental abruptions occur before 37 weeks gestation. Placental abruption is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. With placental abruption, the woman is at risk for hemorrhage and the need for blood transfusions, hysterectomy, bleeding disorders, specifically disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and renal failure. These can result in Sheehan syndrome or postpartum pituitary gland necrosis. […] In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing, even with improved obstetrical care and monitoring techniques. This suggests a multifactorial etiology that is not well understood.

• #40

  https://step2.medbullets.com/evidence/21241259

  Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). Placental abruption is also one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Maternal risks include obstetric hemorrhage, need for blood transfusions, emergency hysterectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and renal failure. Maternal death is rare but seven times higher than the overall maternal mortality rate. Perinatal consequences include low birthweight, preterm delivery, asphyxia, stillbirth and perinatal death. In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. […] In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing. Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.

• #41

  https://step2.medbullets.com/evidence/21241259

  Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). Placental abruption is also one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Maternal risks include obstetric hemorrhage, need for blood transfusions, emergency hysterectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and renal failure. Maternal death is rare but seven times higher than the overall maternal mortality rate. Perinatal consequences include low birthweight, preterm delivery, asphyxia, stillbirth and perinatal death. In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. […] In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing. Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.

• #42 Placental Abruption Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/placental-abruption

  Placental abruption can happen at any time after the 20th week of pregnancy. It most often occurs in the third trimester, often before 37 weeks. Relatively uncommon, it occurs in only 0.6% to 1.2% of all pregnancies in the U.S., according to a review in the American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology. […] The rate of placental abruption appears to be increasing in some countries, though it is not known why. It is the cause of about 10% of all preterm births, according to the March of Dimes. It is also the cause of 10% to 20% of all perinatal (during delivery) deaths, according to a review in the journal Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. […] In the United States, placental abruption accounts for about 1% to 5% of maternal deaths, according to StatPerls. The maternal survival rate for placental abruption is between 95% and 99%. […] The recurrence rate is 3% to 10%, according to Medscape.

• #43

  https://step2.medbullets.com/evidence/21241259

  Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). Placental abruption is also one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Maternal risks include obstetric hemorrhage, need for blood transfusions, emergency hysterectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and renal failure. Maternal death is rare but seven times higher than the overall maternal mortality rate. Perinatal consequences include low birthweight, preterm delivery, asphyxia, stillbirth and perinatal death. In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. […] In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing. Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.

• #44 Placental Abruption | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Placental%20Abruption/item/122

  In general, uterine bleeding during the second half of pregnancy is a relatively common complication and occurs in approximately 6% to 8% of all pregnancies. Regardless of cause, it is associated with an increased incidence of preterm births and perinatal deaths. […] Placental abruption of various degrees occurs in approximately 1% of all pregnancies or 1 in 100 births. A recent study has shown that abruption is associated with a perinatal mortality rate of 119 per 1000 births, in comparison to a rate of 8.2 per 1000 births in the reference United States population. […] A recently recognized cause of abruption is the epidemic abuse of benzoylmethylecgonine, cocaine, an alkaloid prepared from the leaves of the Erythroxyline coca plant. […] Recently, our group conducted a retrospective cohort study and found that women with preeclampsia, small for gestational age infants, and placental abruption in their first pregnancy (conditions that constitute ischemic placental disease) are at substantially increased risk of recurrence of any or all these conditions in their second pregnancy.

• #45

  https://www.ijrcog.org/index.php/ijrcog/article/view/1004

  Placental abruption, common disorder in obstetric practice, enigma too, is uniquely fraught with dangers to mother baby. […] Objectives of study were to study trends of placental abruption, risk factors, management strategies to learn more for reduction in morbidity-mortality of mother-baby, even with low resources, also get insight for future research. […] There were 66,459 births during analysis period with 667 cases of placental abruption, 1% births, increasing trends from, 0.73% between 1985-1987 to, 1.11% in 2009-2011. […] In these 667 cases of placental abruption, 211 (32.5%) perinatal deaths occurred. […] Ratio of perinatal deaths due to placental abruption to overall perinatal deaths increased from 2.12% (8 cases) between 1985-1987 (Block A) to 5.12% (37 cases) between 2009-2011 (Block I).

• #46 Risk Factors and Outcomes for Placental Abruption in Different Gestational Age Groups

  https://www.acquaintpublications.com/article/risk-factors-and-outcomes-for-placental-abruption-in-different-gestational-age-groups

  Placental abruption, defined as premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, is still an unpredictable and mostly unpreventable pregnancy complication and, as such, one of the important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Roughly 0.4 1 % of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption, and this incidence is lower in Nordic countries (0.38 – 0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6 – 1.0 %) […] Risk factors for placental abruption are not gestational age-related, whereas perinatal outcomes are. […] The incidence of neonatal outcomes was significantly gestational age-related, despite similar cesarean section rates. Notably, the perinatal mortality was 4.5 times higher among very preterm abruptions compared to preterm cases and 13-fold compared to term abruptions. Similar trends were observed for the incidence of depressed (Apgar scores 7 at 5 min) neonates and for admissions to the NICU.

• #47

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-015-0067-9

  Women with placental abruption in first pregnancy (n = 10,981) had an increased risk of CVD death (hazard ratio 1.8; 95 % confidence interval 1.3, 2.4). […] Women with placental abruption in any pregnancy (n = 23,529) also had a 1.8-fold increased risk of CVD mortality (95 % confidence interval 1.5, 2.2) compared with women who never experienced the condition. […] Our findings provide evidence that placental abruption, like other placental complications of pregnancy, is associated with women’s increased risk of later CVD mortality. […] Placental abruption is an uncommon but potentially serious pregnancy complication involving the premature detachment of the placental lining from the uterus before delivery. […] Affecting 0.41 % of pregnancies, abruption is a major cause of perinatal death and maternal morbidity.

• #48

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-015-0067-9

  Women with placental abruption in first pregnancy (n = 10,981) had an increased risk of CVD death (hazard ratio 1.8; 95 % confidence interval 1.3, 2.4). […] Women with placental abruption in any pregnancy (n = 23,529) also had a 1.8-fold increased risk of CVD mortality (95 % confidence interval 1.5, 2.2) compared with women who never experienced the condition. […] Our findings provide evidence that placental abruption, like other placental complications of pregnancy, is associated with women’s increased risk of later CVD mortality. […] Placental abruption is an uncommon but potentially serious pregnancy complication involving the premature detachment of the placental lining from the uterus before delivery. […] Affecting 0.41 % of pregnancies, abruption is a major cause of perinatal death and maternal morbidity.

• #49

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-015-0067-9

  The etiology of abruption is not well understood. […] Like preeclampsia, the pathophysiological mechanisms of placental abruption are thought to involve problems in early placental implantation resulting in uteroplacental ischemia and placental insufficiency. […] In this large, population-based study, women with placental abruption in the first or a later pregnancy had a 1.8-fold increased risk of CVD mortality later in life. […] This study adds to the growing evidence that pregnancy complications may predict later CVD and help target women for primary prevention. […] Placental abruption should be considered for inclusion as an additional risk factor. […] The increased risk for non-CVD mortality among women who experienced abruption in two or more pregnancies is notable. […] The prevalence of abruption in our study is similar to that of other epidemiologic studies relying on clinical diagnosis.

• #50 Placental Abruption Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/placental-abruption

  Placental abruption can happen at any time after the 20th week of pregnancy. It most often occurs in the third trimester, often before 37 weeks. Relatively uncommon, it occurs in only 0.6% to 1.2% of all pregnancies in the U.S., according to a review in the American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology. […] The rate of placental abruption appears to be increasing in some countries, though it is not known why. It is the cause of about 10% of all preterm births, according to the March of Dimes. It is also the cause of 10% to 20% of all perinatal (during delivery) deaths, according to a review in the journal Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. […] In the United States, placental abruption accounts for about 1% to 5% of maternal deaths, according to StatPerls. The maternal survival rate for placental abruption is between 95% and 99%. […] The recurrence rate is 3% to 10%, according to Medscape.

• #51 Placental abruption | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/placental-abruption?lang=us

  Placental abruption (or abruptio placentae) refers to a premature separation of the normally implanted placenta after the 20th week of gestation and before the 3rd stage of labor. It is a potentially fatal complication of pregnancy and a significant cause of third-trimester bleeding/antepartum hemorrhage. […] The estimated incidence is ~1% of all pregnancies. The rate of placental abruption is thought to have dramatically increased in the past few years. […] A number of risk factors have been associated with placental abruption, including: pre-eclampsia and maternal hypertension: up to 50% of cases; previous placental abruption (recurrence rate 19-25%); prolonged rupture of membranes; maternal age: pregnant women who are younger than 20 years or older than 35 years are at greater risk; maternal trauma; cigarette smoking; cocaine or other amphetamine use; thrombophilia; chorioamnionitis; short umbilical cord; multiparity; multifetal pregnancies. […] The recurrence rate of placental abruption is thought to vary between 19-25%.

• #52 Placental Abruption | GLOWM

  https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Placental%20Abruption/item/122

  In general, uterine bleeding during the second half of pregnancy is a relatively common complication and occurs in approximately 6% to 8% of all pregnancies. Regardless of cause, it is associated with an increased incidence of preterm births and perinatal deaths. […] Placental abruption of various degrees occurs in approximately 1% of all pregnancies or 1 in 100 births. A recent study has shown that abruption is associated with a perinatal mortality rate of 119 per 1000 births, in comparison to a rate of 8.2 per 1000 births in the reference United States population. […] A recently recognized cause of abruption is the epidemic abuse of benzoylmethylecgonine, cocaine, an alkaloid prepared from the leaves of the Erythroxyline coca plant. […] Recently, our group conducted a retrospective cohort study and found that women with preeclampsia, small for gestational age infants, and placental abruption in their first pregnancy (conditions that constitute ischemic placental disease) are at substantially increased risk of recurrence of any or all these conditions in their second pregnancy.

• #53 The occurrence of abruptio placentae in Canada: – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-25-no-2-2004/occurrence-abruptio-placentae-canada.html

  Abruptio placentae is a serious obstetric condition associated with an increased incidence of perinatal mortality and morbidity. […] Despite the potential severity of abruptio placentae, particularly in the case of stillbirth and maternal death, no data have been reported on the geographic and temporal distribution of abruptio placentae cases in Canada. […] This descriptive analysis of over two million singleton deliveries recorded in the Discharge Abstract Database indicates that the incidence of abruptio placentae in Canada was approximately 1% over the 1990-1997 period. […] The significant variation that was identified in abruptio placentae rates and case-fatality rates according to time and maternal age underline the need for further investigation into this condition. […] Because abruptio placentae is related not only to stillbirth but also to perinatal death and sequelae from perinatal asphyxia, inclusion of abruptio placentae as an indicator in the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System should be considered to better understand the distribution of this event and to facilitate future observational investigations on the condition.

• #54 The occurrence of abruptio placentae in Canada: – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-25-no-2-2004/occurrence-abruptio-placentae-canada.html

  Abruptio placentae is a serious obstetric condition associated with an increased incidence of perinatal mortality and morbidity. […] Despite the potential severity of abruptio placentae, particularly in the case of stillbirth and maternal death, no data have been reported on the geographic and temporal distribution of abruptio placentae cases in Canada. […] This descriptive analysis of over two million singleton deliveries recorded in the Discharge Abstract Database indicates that the incidence of abruptio placentae in Canada was approximately 1% over the 1990-1997 period. […] The significant variation that was identified in abruptio placentae rates and case-fatality rates according to time and maternal age underline the need for further investigation into this condition. […] Because abruptio placentae is related not only to stillbirth but also to perinatal death and sequelae from perinatal asphyxia, inclusion of abruptio placentae as an indicator in the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System should be considered to better understand the distribution of this event and to facilitate future observational investigations on the condition.

• #55 Placental abruption: epidemiology, risk factors and consequences – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21241259/

  Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). […] In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. […] In many countries, the rate of placental abruption has been increasing. Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.

• #56 Placental abruption: Epidemiology… preview & related info | Mendeley

  https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/534f49c4-81b7-3f5f-a761-0967b531ee75/

  Placental abruption, classically defined as a premature separation of the placenta before delivery, is one of the leading causes of vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Approximately 0.4-1% of pregnancies are complicated by placental abruption. The prevalence is lower in the Nordic countries (0.38-0.51%) compared with the USA (0.6-1.0%). Placental abruption is also one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. In developed countries, approximately 10% of all preterm births and 10-20% of all perinatal deaths are caused by placental abruption. […] Although several risk factors are known, the etiopathogenesis of placental abruption is multifactorial and not well understood.

• #57 Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-025-07482-7

  The prognosis for patients with placental abruption is closely related to early accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. […] However, due to its nonspecific symptoms, insidious onset, and rapid progression, the rates of missed and misdiagnosis are high, making diagnosis particularly challenging. […] Therefore, timely identification of the risk factors for placental abruption is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. […] This study compiles the largest sample size to date, aiming to comprehensively summarize the independent risk factors associated with placental abruption. […] Prevention of placental abruption should focus on managing modifiable behavioral factors, with particular attention to smoking and alcohol use, both of which can lead to pathological changes in the placenta.

• #58 Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-025-07482-7

  The prognosis for patients with placental abruption is closely related to early accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. […] However, due to its nonspecific symptoms, insidious onset, and rapid progression, the rates of missed and misdiagnosis are high, making diagnosis particularly challenging. […] Therefore, timely identification of the risk factors for placental abruption is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. […] This study compiles the largest sample size to date, aiming to comprehensively summarize the independent risk factors associated with placental abruption. […] Prevention of placental abruption should focus on managing modifiable behavioral factors, with particular attention to smoking and alcohol use, both of which can lead to pathological changes in the placenta.

• #59 Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-025-07482-7

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, have been widely recognized as significant risk factors for placental abruption. […] Identifying and implementing preventive measures for risk factors associated with pregnancy complications is a crucial strategy for avoiding placental abruption. […] The strength of this study lies in its inclusion of multifactorial analyses, which aim to minimize the confounding effects and provide a deeper exploration of the independent risk factors for placental abruption.

• #60

  https://hkjgom.org/home/article/view/327

  Of 22 990 deliveries and 23 230 live births, there were 86 placental abruption cases; the incidence was 0.37%. […] After adjusting for confounders, the risk factor for placental abruption was a history of antepartum haemorrhage. […] Clinicians should be vigilant for placental abruption in patients with antepartum haemorrhage, especially in high-risk patients with a history of placental abruption, hypertension, or pre-eclampsia. […] Early and consistent antenatal care is imperative to identify those with risk factors. Proper education and timely preventive management should be provided to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

• #61 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Placental Abruption—Detailed Annual Data and Clinical Perspectives from Polish Tertiary Center

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5148

  PA is a relatively rare perinatal complication with very serious consequences, and it still lacks effective prophylaxis and treatment. Despite its rare occurrence, each center should develop a certain strategy for dealing with this pathology or predicting which patients are at risk. Much work is still needed to ensure the proper care of the mother and the baby in this life-threatening condition.

• #62 Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Placental Abruption—Detailed Annual Data and Clinical Perspectives from Polish Tertiary Center

  https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i9p5148-d800618.html

  Placental abruption (PA) is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall occurring with the fetus still present in the uterine cavity. It contributes to numerous neonatal and maternal complications, increasing morbidity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary perinatal care center, which included 2210 cases of labor that took place in 2015 with a PA occurrence of 0.7%. […] The identified PA risk factors were uterine malformations, pPROM, placenta previa spectrum, and oligohydramnios. The significant maternal PA complications identified were maternal anemia, uterine rupture, and HELLP syndrome. Preterm delivery occurred significantly more often in the PA group, and the number of weeks of pregnancy and the birth weight at delivery were both significantly lower in the PA group. PA is a relatively rare perinatal complication with very serious consequences, and it still lacks effective prophylaxis and treatment. Despite its rare occurrence, each center should develop a certain strategy for dealing with this pathology or predicting which patients are at risk. Much work is still needed to ensure the proper care of the mother and the baby in this life-threatening condition.

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