Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  Noroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses from the Caliciviridae family and are the leading cause of acute gastrointestinal illness worldwide. […] In the United States, approximately 21 million cases of norovirus gastrointestinal illness are diagnosed each year. […] Norovirus is believed to cause approximately 60% of cases of acute gastroenteritis in the United States, and the CDC attributes 400,000 emergency department visits and 71,000 hospitalizations each year to norovirus infection. […] Worldwide, norovirus is responsible for an estimated 685 million cases of gastroenteritis, 150,000 adult deaths, and 50,000 child deaths annually. […] As of December 2024, United States surveillance data has identified a significant increase in norovirus-associated gastroenteritis compared with a similar period from previous years.

• #2 Norovirus Facts and Stats | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. […] Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average: 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older; 109,000 hospitalizations; 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children; 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children; 19 to 21 million illnesses. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April. […] Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. […] Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. […] CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/diseases/norovirus

  Norovirus is a viral illness that is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. Symptoms of norovirus include acute onset diarrhea and vomiting. Emerging evidence suggest that norovirus infection is associated with intestinal inflammation, malnutrition and may cause long-term morbidity.(1) […] An estimated 685 million cases of norovirus are seen annually, including 200 million cases amongst children under 5.(2) The burden of norovirus is significant; norovirus causes an estimated 200,000 deaths per year, including 50,000 child deaths, primarily impacting low-income countries. Norovirus has been estimated to cost $60 billion globally as a result of healthcare costs and economic losses.(2)

• #4 Norovirus Facts and Stats | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. […] Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average: 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older; 109,000 hospitalizations; 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children; 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children; 19 to 21 million illnesses. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April. […] Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. […] Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. […] CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• #5 Norovirus – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/norovirus/

  Noroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the US. Each year in the US, norovirus causes: 19-21 million cases of vomiting and diarrhea, approximately 109,000 hospitalizations, nearly 2.3 million outpatient visits, more than 450,000 emergency department visits, primarily in young children, and 900 deaths, mostly among adults age 65 years and older. […] Norovirus outbreaks have been reported in many settings, including healthcare facilities, restaurants and catered events, schools, and childcare centers. […] Norovirus, the leading cause of vomiting, diarrhea, and foodborne illness, affects up to 21 million people in the US each year.

• #6 Norovirus: Preventing the highly contagious bug | UCI Health | Orange County, CA

  https://www.ucihealth.org/blog/2025/01/norovirus

  Norovirus, a highly contagious foodborne gastrointestinal disease, is on the rise this winter in California and the nation. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 20 million cases of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus are reported annually. It is responsible for 58% of food-related illness. […] People with norovirus are most contagious while experiencing symptoms and for a few days after they feel better. But studies show people can continue to shed the virus for at least two weeks after recovery, especially those with weakened immune systems.

• #7 Norovirus Facts and Stats | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. […] Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average: 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older; 109,000 hospitalizations; 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children; 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children; 19 to 21 million illnesses. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April. […] Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. […] Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. […] CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• #8 Norovirus – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/norovirus/

  Noroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the US. Each year in the US, norovirus causes: 19-21 million cases of vomiting and diarrhea, approximately 109,000 hospitalizations, nearly 2.3 million outpatient visits, more than 450,000 emergency department visits, primarily in young children, and 900 deaths, mostly among adults age 65 years and older. […] Norovirus outbreaks have been reported in many settings, including healthcare facilities, restaurants and catered events, schools, and childcare centers. […] Norovirus, the leading cause of vomiting, diarrhea, and foodborne illness, affects up to 21 million people in the US each year.

• #9 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  Noroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses from the Caliciviridae family and are the leading cause of acute gastrointestinal illness worldwide. […] In the United States, approximately 21 million cases of norovirus gastrointestinal illness are diagnosed each year. […] Norovirus is believed to cause approximately 60% of cases of acute gastroenteritis in the United States, and the CDC attributes 400,000 emergency department visits and 71,000 hospitalizations each year to norovirus infection. […] Worldwide, norovirus is responsible for an estimated 685 million cases of gastroenteritis, 150,000 adult deaths, and 50,000 child deaths annually. […] As of December 2024, United States surveillance data has identified a significant increase in norovirus-associated gastroenteritis compared with a similar period from previous years.

• #10 NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/php/reporting/norostat-data.html

  Data on suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported to CDC by participating state health departments are updated monthly. […] NoroSTAT data is used to assess current and past norovirus activity and impact of future norovirus genotypes. […] During August 1, 2024 April 9, 2025, there were 2,407 norovirus outbreaks reported by NoroSTAT-participating states. […] The total number of outbreaks reported during the 20242025 seasonal year is above the range reported during the same period during the 20122020 and 2021-2024 seasonal years. […] The total number of suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported each week to CDC by the state health departments in Alabama, Colorado, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) by week of illness onset, 20122025.

• #11 Norovirus Facts and Stats | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. […] Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average: 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older; 109,000 hospitalizations; 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children; 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children; 19 to 21 million illnesses. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April. […] Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. […] Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. […] CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• #12 NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/php/reporting/norostat-data.html

  Data on suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported to CDC by participating state health departments are updated monthly. […] NoroSTAT data is used to assess current and past norovirus activity and impact of future norovirus genotypes. […] During August 1, 2024 April 9, 2025, there were 2,407 norovirus outbreaks reported by NoroSTAT-participating states. […] The total number of outbreaks reported during the 20242025 seasonal year is above the range reported during the same period during the 20122020 and 2021-2024 seasonal years. […] The total number of suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported each week to CDC by the state health departments in Alabama, Colorado, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) by week of illness onset, 20122025.

• #13 NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/php/reporting/norostat-data.html

  Outbreak data post-2021 are being monitored for changes to outbreak seasonality and trends. […] A seasonal year’s line that consistently falls above the gray or blue areas, especially during the peak of the season (December to March), might indicate unusually high norovirus activity. […] Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea, and foodborne illness in the United States.

• #14 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  The surge in gastroenteritis cases is likely partly due to the emergence of the norovirus strain variant, GII.17. […] Norovirus outbreaks are common in several different settings. […] Norovirus is known to cause gastroenteritis outbreaks in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. […] In addition to healthcare settings, outbreaks may occur in schools, military barracks, cruise ships, and resorts. […] The primary mode of transmission of norovirus is fecal-oral. […] In a review of reported norovirus outbreaks, food-related transmission was the most common source of widespread disease. […] High-risk food for norovirus contamination includes foods that are served raw, like fruits and vegetables, as well as oysters and fish. […] Although people of all age groups are at risk of contracting norovirus, those at the extremes of age and the immunocompromised are at the highest risk of poor outcomes.

• #15 Norovirus Infection in Older Adults Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Opportunities for Prevention and Control

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6546097/

  It is estimated that a vast majority (90%) of norovirus-associated deaths in the United States occur among persons greater than or equal to 65 years of age. In a study of norovirus outbreaks in nursing homes, all-cause mortality was higher in outbreak periods compared with nonoutbreak periods. […] Norovirus is highly contagious, and the infectious dose can be small (182800 viral particles). The most common route for transmission is person to person, either directly through the fecal-oral route, by ingestion of aerosolized vomitus, or by indirect exposure via fomites or contaminated environmental surfaces. […] In health care settings, the most common mode of transmission is through direct contact with infected persons or contaminated equipment.

• #16 Norovirus Infection in Older Adults Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Opportunities for Prevention and Control

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6546097/

  Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis across all age groups in the United States. It is also a frequent cause of outbreaks in health care settings, including long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and acute care hospitals. The total burden of disease is high; norovirus is estimated to cause approximately 21 million total illnesses annually across all age groups in the United States. Certain populations are at higher risk of infection and severe illness, including those at the extremes of age. In high-income and upper-middle-income (HI/UMI) countries, between 2000 and 13,000 norovirus-associated deaths occur in older adults greater than 65 years of age. […] Older adults form a high-risk group for severe symptoms and clinical outcomes. Norovirus outbreak investigations have reported a longer duration of diarrhea, from 3 days to 9 days, in older adults and even slower recovery from illness in patients greater than or equal to 85 years of age, with almost half of those affected still symptomatic after 4 days.

• #17 Norovirus Facts and Stats | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. […] Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average: 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older; 109,000 hospitalizations; 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children; 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children; 19 to 21 million illnesses. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April. […] Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. […] Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. […] CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• #18 Norovirus Facts and Stats | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. […] Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average: 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older; 109,000 hospitalizations; 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children; 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children; 19 to 21 million illnesses. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April. […] Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. […] Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. […] CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• #19 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. […] Prevention of norovirus AGE represents a unique challenge as the virus is genetically diverse with multiple genogroups and genotypes cocirculating globally and causing disease in humans. […] Norovirus AGE outbreaks are associated with high attack rates and substantial economic and clinical burden. […] The most commonly reported setting for norovirus outbreaks in the US and other industrialized countries is healthcare settings. […] Outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are of particular concern, as individuals receiving care in these settings are more likely to be elderly or have underlying medical conditions. […] Norovirus AGE causes substantial economic and clinical burden, with direct healthcare costs and lost productivity from personal illness or time spent caring for an ill child estimated to cost $60 billion globally each year.

• #20 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  The surge in gastroenteritis cases is likely partly due to the emergence of the norovirus strain variant, GII.17. […] Norovirus outbreaks are common in several different settings. […] Norovirus is known to cause gastroenteritis outbreaks in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. […] In addition to healthcare settings, outbreaks may occur in schools, military barracks, cruise ships, and resorts. […] The primary mode of transmission of norovirus is fecal-oral. […] In a review of reported norovirus outbreaks, food-related transmission was the most common source of widespread disease. […] High-risk food for norovirus contamination includes foods that are served raw, like fruits and vegetables, as well as oysters and fish. […] Although people of all age groups are at risk of contracting norovirus, those at the extremes of age and the immunocompromised are at the highest risk of poor outcomes.

• #21 Norovirus – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/norovirus/

  Noroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the US. Each year in the US, norovirus causes: 19-21 million cases of vomiting and diarrhea, approximately 109,000 hospitalizations, nearly 2.3 million outpatient visits, more than 450,000 emergency department visits, primarily in young children, and 900 deaths, mostly among adults age 65 years and older. […] Norovirus outbreaks have been reported in many settings, including healthcare facilities, restaurants and catered events, schools, and childcare centers. […] Norovirus, the leading cause of vomiting, diarrhea, and foodborne illness, affects up to 21 million people in the US each year.

• #22 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. […] Prevention of norovirus AGE represents a unique challenge as the virus is genetically diverse with multiple genogroups and genotypes cocirculating globally and causing disease in humans. […] Norovirus AGE outbreaks are associated with high attack rates and substantial economic and clinical burden. […] The most commonly reported setting for norovirus outbreaks in the US and other industrialized countries is healthcare settings. […] Outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are of particular concern, as individuals receiving care in these settings are more likely to be elderly or have underlying medical conditions. […] Norovirus AGE causes substantial economic and clinical burden, with direct healthcare costs and lost productivity from personal illness or time spent caring for an ill child estimated to cost $60 billion globally each year.

• #23 Norovirus

  https://prod.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/noro/

  Individual cases of norovirus infection are not required to be reported to the New Mexico Department of Health. However, norovirus outbreaks do require reporting under the “suspected foodborne illness in two or more unrelated persons.” […] The New Mexico Department of Health investigates many norovirus outbreaks every year. […] The CaliciNet database allows tracking of transmission sources and temporal spread of specific norovirus genotypes. […] Notify the New Mexico Department of Health by calling the Reporting & Surveillance hotline at 1-833-796-8773 to report the outbreak and obtain assistance. […] The Gastrointestinal (GI) Outbreaks Toolkit for Long Term Care Facilities (LTCF) can be useful during the outbreak.

• #24 Department of Health | Communicable Disease Service | Norovirus

  https://www.nj.gov/health/cd/topics/norovirus.shtml

  Individual cases of this disease are not reportable. All outbreaks are Immediately reportable to the Local Health Department. […] Noroviruses are a group of related viruses that affect the stomach and intestines and cause an illness called gastroenteritis (an inflammation of the stomach and intestines). This illness is highly contagious and outbreaks are common due to the ease of transmission. Outbreaks may occur in places where people consume water and/or food prepared or handled by others, such as nursing homes, hospitals, restaurants, cruise ships, banquet halls, summer camps and family dinners.

• #25 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. […] Prevention of norovirus AGE represents a unique challenge as the virus is genetically diverse with multiple genogroups and genotypes cocirculating globally and causing disease in humans. […] Norovirus AGE outbreaks are associated with high attack rates and substantial economic and clinical burden. […] The most commonly reported setting for norovirus outbreaks in the US and other industrialized countries is healthcare settings. […] Outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are of particular concern, as individuals receiving care in these settings are more likely to be elderly or have underlying medical conditions. […] Norovirus AGE causes substantial economic and clinical burden, with direct healthcare costs and lost productivity from personal illness or time spent caring for an ill child estimated to cost $60 billion globally each year.

• #26 Norovirus Infection in Older Adults Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Opportunities for Prevention and Control

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6546097/

  It is estimated that a vast majority (90%) of norovirus-associated deaths in the United States occur among persons greater than or equal to 65 years of age. In a study of norovirus outbreaks in nursing homes, all-cause mortality was higher in outbreak periods compared with nonoutbreak periods. […] Norovirus is highly contagious, and the infectious dose can be small (182800 viral particles). The most common route for transmission is person to person, either directly through the fecal-oral route, by ingestion of aerosolized vomitus, or by indirect exposure via fomites or contaminated environmental surfaces. […] In health care settings, the most common mode of transmission is through direct contact with infected persons or contaminated equipment.

• #27 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  Noroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses from the Caliciviridae family and are the leading cause of acute gastrointestinal illness worldwide. […] In the United States, approximately 21 million cases of norovirus gastrointestinal illness are diagnosed each year. […] Norovirus is believed to cause approximately 60% of cases of acute gastroenteritis in the United States, and the CDC attributes 400,000 emergency department visits and 71,000 hospitalizations each year to norovirus infection. […] Worldwide, norovirus is responsible for an estimated 685 million cases of gastroenteritis, 150,000 adult deaths, and 50,000 child deaths annually. […] As of December 2024, United States surveillance data has identified a significant increase in norovirus-associated gastroenteritis compared with a similar period from previous years.

• #28 Norovirus

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/noro/

  Norovirus is very contagious and tends to circulate in closed populations such as long-term care facilities and schools. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal illness and foodborne-related illness in the US. […] The importance of norovirus in causing acute gastrointestinal illnesses has become increasingly recognized partly due to advances in laboratory testing and reporting, which has expanded the understanding of the epidemiology of norovirus infection. […] CaliciNet is a national norovirus outbreak surveillance network of federal, state, and local public health laboratories in the United States. […] The CaliciNet database allows tracking of transmission sources and temporal spread of specific norovirus genotypes. […] Individual cases of norovirus infection are not required to be reported to the New Mexico Department of Health. However, norovirus outbreaks do require reporting under the suspected foodborne illness in two or more unrelated persons.

• #29 NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/php/reporting/norostat-data.html

  Data on suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported to CDC by participating state health departments are updated monthly. […] NoroSTAT data is used to assess current and past norovirus activity and impact of future norovirus genotypes. […] During August 1, 2024 April 9, 2025, there were 2,407 norovirus outbreaks reported by NoroSTAT-participating states. […] The total number of outbreaks reported during the 20242025 seasonal year is above the range reported during the same period during the 20122020 and 2021-2024 seasonal years. […] The total number of suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported each week to CDC by the state health departments in Alabama, Colorado, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) by week of illness onset, 20122025.

• #30 NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/php/reporting/norostat-data.html

  Data on suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported to CDC by participating state health departments are updated monthly. […] NoroSTAT data is used to assess current and past norovirus activity and impact of future norovirus genotypes. […] During August 1, 2024 April 9, 2025, there were 2,407 norovirus outbreaks reported by NoroSTAT-participating states. […] The total number of outbreaks reported during the 20242025 seasonal year is above the range reported during the same period during the 20122020 and 2021-2024 seasonal years. […] The total number of suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported each week to CDC by the state health departments in Alabama, Colorado, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) by week of illness onset, 20122025.

• #31 NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/php/reporting/norostat-data.html

  Data on suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported to CDC by participating state health departments are updated monthly. […] NoroSTAT data is used to assess current and past norovirus activity and impact of future norovirus genotypes. […] During August 1, 2024 April 9, 2025, there were 2,407 norovirus outbreaks reported by NoroSTAT-participating states. […] The total number of outbreaks reported during the 20242025 seasonal year is above the range reported during the same period during the 20122020 and 2021-2024 seasonal years. […] The total number of suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks reported each week to CDC by the state health departments in Alabama, Colorado, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) by week of illness onset, 20122025.

• #32 Norovirus

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/noro/

  Norovirus is very contagious and tends to circulate in closed populations such as long-term care facilities and schools. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal illness and foodborne-related illness in the US. […] The importance of norovirus in causing acute gastrointestinal illnesses has become increasingly recognized partly due to advances in laboratory testing and reporting, which has expanded the understanding of the epidemiology of norovirus infection. […] CaliciNet is a national norovirus outbreak surveillance network of federal, state, and local public health laboratories in the United States. […] The CaliciNet database allows tracking of transmission sources and temporal spread of specific norovirus genotypes. […] Individual cases of norovirus infection are not required to be reported to the New Mexico Department of Health. However, norovirus outbreaks do require reporting under the suspected foodborne illness in two or more unrelated persons.

• #33 Norovirus

  https://prod.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/noro/

  Individual cases of norovirus infection are not required to be reported to the New Mexico Department of Health. However, norovirus outbreaks do require reporting under the “suspected foodborne illness in two or more unrelated persons.” […] The New Mexico Department of Health investigates many norovirus outbreaks every year. […] The CaliciNet database allows tracking of transmission sources and temporal spread of specific norovirus genotypes. […] Notify the New Mexico Department of Health by calling the Reporting & Surveillance hotline at 1-833-796-8773 to report the outbreak and obtain assistance. […] The Gastrointestinal (GI) Outbreaks Toolkit for Long Term Care Facilities (LTCF) can be useful during the outbreak.

• #34 Norovirus: For health professionals – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/food-poisoning/norovirus/health-professionals.html

  Noroviruses cause approximately 90% of all outbreaks of epidemic gastroenteritis. They are an important source of foodborne outbreaks globally. […] Outbreaks of norovirus are nationally notifiable. Report any outbreaks that meet the national outbreak case definition to the federal government. […] Canada uses different surveillance systems to monitor outbreaks of norovirus. These include: Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, National Enteric Surveillance Program (NESP).

• #35 Norovirus Facts and Stats | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. […] Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average: 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older; 109,000 hospitalizations; 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children; 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children; 19 to 21 million illnesses. […] Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April. […] Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting. […] Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. […] CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• #36 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Predicting Norovirus in the United States Using Google Trends: Infodemiology Study

  https://www.jmir.org/2021/9/e24554/

  Norovirus is a contagious disease. The transmission of norovirus spreads quickly and easily in various ways. Because effective methods to prevent or treat norovirus have not been discovered, it is important to rapidly recognize and report norovirus outbreaks in the early phase. […] In the United States, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report and monitor the outbreak of gastroenteritis with an internet search system. In addition, other surveillance systems, such as the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, can be used to report the trends of foodborne disease outbreaks. […] Our study provides novel strategy-based internet search evidence regarding the epidemiology of norovirus. […] We found that norovirus was correlated with the search terms gastroenteritis, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, contagious, stomach flu, stomach bug, restaurant, and food poisoning.

• #37

  https://www.today.com/health/disease/norovirus-2025-rcna185976

  Norovirus levels are rising all across the country, and in the 'high’ category in all regions, Marlene Wolfe, Ph.D., assistant professor at Emory University and principal investigator of WastewaterSCAN, tells TODAY.com. […] The CDC is continuing to conduct surveillance for outbreaks and monitor norovirus strains, the spokesperson says.

• #38 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  A reduction in norovirus AGE incidence was observed during periods of shutdown for COVID-19; however, recent data have shown that, with the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, norovirus AGE incidence has returned to pre-pandemic levels. […] Observational studies have attempted to quantify incidence rates in smaller, defined populations, but wider, routine population-based surveillance is needed to fully appreciate the societal impact of norovirus AGE. […] The lack of standard testing for norovirus outside of outbreak settings makes estimation of the true burden of disease challenging from routine sources and is an area for improvement. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine for norovirus AGE, and many features of the virus and the human immune response to it have made vaccine development a challenge. […] Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent the disease would have a significant impact on global public health.

• #39 What to know about norovirus, the ‘stomach bug’ that’s going around – WPR

  https://www.wpr.org/news/what-to-know-norovirus-stomach-bug-wisconsin

  Norovirus cases have seen an uptick around the country this winter, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. […] The state Department of Health Services reported a record-high number of norovirus outbreaks in December, including a campus outbreak at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. […] Tracking how widely norovirus is spreading can be challenging, because its not considered a notifiable disease that requires doctors to report infections, said Malia Jones, a public health researcher in the department of Community and Environmental Sociology at UW-Madison. […] However, outbreaks in congregate settings do get reported to and investigated by local public health departments as part of their routine operations. Jones said this public health surveillance is an important first defense officials have to know what illnesses are going around and what might be coming down the pike.

• #40 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. […] Prevention of norovirus AGE represents a unique challenge as the virus is genetically diverse with multiple genogroups and genotypes cocirculating globally and causing disease in humans. […] Norovirus AGE outbreaks are associated with high attack rates and substantial economic and clinical burden. […] The most commonly reported setting for norovirus outbreaks in the US and other industrialized countries is healthcare settings. […] Outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are of particular concern, as individuals receiving care in these settings are more likely to be elderly or have underlying medical conditions. […] Norovirus AGE causes substantial economic and clinical burden, with direct healthcare costs and lost productivity from personal illness or time spent caring for an ill child estimated to cost $60 billion globally each year.

• #41 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  The surge in gastroenteritis cases is likely partly due to the emergence of the norovirus strain variant, GII.17. […] Norovirus outbreaks are common in several different settings. […] Norovirus is known to cause gastroenteritis outbreaks in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. […] In addition to healthcare settings, outbreaks may occur in schools, military barracks, cruise ships, and resorts. […] The primary mode of transmission of norovirus is fecal-oral. […] In a review of reported norovirus outbreaks, food-related transmission was the most common source of widespread disease. […] High-risk food for norovirus contamination includes foods that are served raw, like fruits and vegetables, as well as oysters and fish. […] Although people of all age groups are at risk of contracting norovirus, those at the extremes of age and the immunocompromised are at the highest risk of poor outcomes.

• #42

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-norovirus-strain-us-wave-stomach-bug/

  A new strain of norovirus now makes up a majority of outbreaks nationwide, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The new strain’s emergence, found spreading throughout the country and on cruise ships, offers a possible explanation for the past month’s steep wave of infections from the stomach bug. […] Scientists call this winter’s dominant norovirus strain GII.17[P17]. Samples from patients in nearly 7 in 10 norovirus outbreaks have tested positive for the new strain so far this season, according to data from a network of public health laboratories called CaliciNet. […] Vinj said that the GII.17 strain is behind outbreaks „everywhere” across the country this season of the highly contagious virus, including on cruise ship outbreaks. […] The CDC tracked at least six norovirus outbreaks on vessels last month, marking the most reported in the month for over a decade.

• #43

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-norovirus-strain-us-wave-stomach-bug/

  A new strain of norovirus now makes up a majority of outbreaks nationwide, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The new strain’s emergence, found spreading throughout the country and on cruise ships, offers a possible explanation for the past month’s steep wave of infections from the stomach bug. […] Scientists call this winter’s dominant norovirus strain GII.17[P17]. Samples from patients in nearly 7 in 10 norovirus outbreaks have tested positive for the new strain so far this season, according to data from a network of public health laboratories called CaliciNet. […] Vinj said that the GII.17 strain is behind outbreaks „everywhere” across the country this season of the highly contagious virus, including on cruise ship outbreaks. […] The CDC tracked at least six norovirus outbreaks on vessels last month, marking the most reported in the month for over a decade.

• #44 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  A reduction in norovirus AGE incidence was observed during periods of shutdown for COVID-19; however, recent data have shown that, with the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, norovirus AGE incidence has returned to pre-pandemic levels. […] Observational studies have attempted to quantify incidence rates in smaller, defined populations, but wider, routine population-based surveillance is needed to fully appreciate the societal impact of norovirus AGE. […] The lack of standard testing for norovirus outside of outbreak settings makes estimation of the true burden of disease challenging from routine sources and is an area for improvement. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine for norovirus AGE, and many features of the virus and the human immune response to it have made vaccine development a challenge. […] Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent the disease would have a significant impact on global public health.

• #45 NoroSTAT Data | Norovirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/php/reporting/norostat-data.html

  Outbreak data post-2021 are being monitored for changes to outbreak seasonality and trends. […] A seasonal year’s line that consistently falls above the gray or blue areas, especially during the peak of the season (December to March), might indicate unusually high norovirus activity. […] Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea, and foodborne illness in the United States.

• #46 Norovirus Infection – Warde Medical Laboratory

  https://wardelab.com/warde-reports/norovirus-infection/

  Noroviruses (formerly Norwalk-like viruses) are nonenveloped RNA viruses and members of the Calicivirus family. Caliciviruses include two genera that cause human disease — noroviruses and sapoviruses. Noroviruses are separated into five genogroups on the basis of sequence comparison of the RNA polymerase and capsid region of the genome. Genogroups I, II, and IV are associated with infections in humans. Most human norovirus gastroenteritis is caused by genogroup II viruses. Genogroup I infections are infrequent and genogroup IV infection is extremely rare. Multiple antigenic types circulate simultaneously in the same region. […] More than 50% of all foodborne disease outbreaks can be attributed to noroviruses. Noroviruses are ubiquitous and they are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Mead et al. reported that noroviruses cause 23 million infections, 50,000 hospitalizations and 310 fatalities in the United States each year. These outbreaks affect people of all ages and they occur in a wide variety of settings including nursing homes, hospitals, restaurants, communities, schools, day care centers, military barracks, family gatherings, and cruise ships.

• #47 Norovirus Infection – Warde Medical Laboratory

  https://wardelab.com/warde-reports/norovirus-infection/

  Noroviruses (formerly Norwalk-like viruses) are nonenveloped RNA viruses and members of the Calicivirus family. Caliciviruses include two genera that cause human disease — noroviruses and sapoviruses. Noroviruses are separated into five genogroups on the basis of sequence comparison of the RNA polymerase and capsid region of the genome. Genogroups I, II, and IV are associated with infections in humans. Most human norovirus gastroenteritis is caused by genogroup II viruses. Genogroup I infections are infrequent and genogroup IV infection is extremely rare. Multiple antigenic types circulate simultaneously in the same region. […] More than 50% of all foodborne disease outbreaks can be attributed to noroviruses. Noroviruses are ubiquitous and they are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Mead et al. reported that noroviruses cause 23 million infections, 50,000 hospitalizations and 310 fatalities in the United States each year. These outbreaks affect people of all ages and they occur in a wide variety of settings including nursing homes, hospitals, restaurants, communities, schools, day care centers, military barracks, family gatherings, and cruise ships.

• #48

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-2023-to-2024-season/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-report-week-28-report-data-to-week-26-data-up-to-30-june-2024

  Norovirus activity remained high in recent weeks with an unseasonal increase in week 24. The total number of norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 22 to 26 of 2024 was more than double the 5-season average for the same 5-week period. […] In recent weeks, the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) was 22% higher than the 5-season average. […] There was a second unseasonal rise in norovirus activity which peaked in week 24 of 2024, mostly attributable to increased reporting in adults, particularly those aged 65 and over. […] It is likely that multiple factors contributed to the observed increase in laboratory reports, such as lower than average temperatures during this period facilitating transmission pathways, ongoing changes to the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic or changes in testing and reporting to national surveillance. […] Overall, 96% of outbreaks were laboratory confirmed as norovirus. […] The most commonly identified GII.4 norovirus strain so far this season is Norovirus/GII.4/Sydney/2012-like variants. Since April 2024, there has been an increase in the proportion of samples characterised as GII.17.

• #49 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Predicting Norovirus in the United States Using Google Trends: Infodemiology Study

  https://www.jmir.org/2021/9/e24554/

  Norovirus is a contagious disease. The transmission of norovirus spreads quickly and easily in various ways. Because effective methods to prevent or treat norovirus have not been discovered, it is important to rapidly recognize and report norovirus outbreaks in the early phase. […] In the United States, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report and monitor the outbreak of gastroenteritis with an internet search system. In addition, other surveillance systems, such as the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, can be used to report the trends of foodborne disease outbreaks. […] Our study provides novel strategy-based internet search evidence regarding the epidemiology of norovirus. […] We found that norovirus was correlated with the search terms gastroenteritis, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, contagious, stomach flu, stomach bug, restaurant, and food poisoning.

• #50 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: Norovirus (Viral Gastroenteritis)

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/norovirus-viral-gastroenteritis/

  Noroviruses (Nor-O-virus-es) are a group of viruses that can cause vomiting and diarrhea. It is spread very easily from person to person. Norovirus is the most common cause of vomiting and diarrhea, and foodborne illness in Indiana. […] Symptoms usually begin 24 to 48 hours after ingestion of the virus but can appear as early as 12 hours after exposure. Symptoms usually last for one or two days. However, during that period, people can feel very ill and vomit, often violently and without warning, many times a day. […] Norovirus can be diagnosed by testing the stool of an infected person, ideally within 48 to 72 hours after symptoms start. […] There is no specific medicine to treat people with Norovirus illness. […] Wash your hands with warm, soapy water for 20 seconds. […] Clean and disinfect surfaces with a household bleach solution immediately after vomiting or diarrheal accidents. […] Avoid preparing food for others while you have symptoms and for at least three days after you recover. […] If you believe you have a Norovirus infection and have not yet been treated or spoken to a doctor, please be sure to do so.

• #51 Norovirus | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/norovirus

  Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. It is possible to get sick at any time of the year, but illnesses are most common between November and April. […] Noroviruses are very contagious and can be found in the stool or vomit of infected people. People get sick by accidentally getting tiny particles of stool or vomit in their mouth from a person infected with norovirus. This can occur when people: […] Anyone can get infected with norovirus. Children younger than 5 years old, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop severe infections. […] People with norovirus infection are most contagious when they have symptoms, especially vomiting, and during the first few days after feeling better. Studies have shown that you can still spread norovirus for two weeks or more after you feel better.

• #52 Norovirus Infection – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/norovirus-infection/

  Anyone can get sick from norovirus. […] Outbreaks caused by norovirus occur in a variety of places, including healthcare settings (e.g., long-term care facilities, hospitals), restaurants, schools, daycare centers, and cruise ships. […] During outbreaks, public health laboratories can test stool specimens to identify the virus and confirm the cause of the outbreak. […] People should stay home when sick and for at least two days after symptoms stop to prevent spreading norovirus to other people.

• #53 Norovirus and Managing Outbreaks | Vermont Department of Health

  https://www.healthvermont.gov/disease-control/foodborne-diarrheal-illnesses/norovirus-and-managing-outbreaks

  Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. You can get sick with norovirus by eating or drinking food or liquids that are contaminated with the virus, having contact with other people or surfaces carrying the virus or swimming in contaminated water. […] Norovirus infections can happen at any time of year, but they occur much more often during the winter months. These outbreaks are common in closed environments and group settings. In warmer months, outbreaks often occur at recreational water locations. […] An outbreak of norovirus-like illness is when two or more people with a common exposure (like being in a school or child care) are sick within 1-2 days of each other with the abrupt onset of gastrointestinal illness (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea). An outbreak is over when it’s been five days since the last person recovered and no additional people are sick. […] In the event of an outbreak at a facility, the Health Department Laboratory will test the stool of at least two different people to identify the source of the illness.

• #54

  https://www.today.com/health/disease/norovirus-2025-rcna185976

  Experts are warning that significant norovirus activity is expected to continue in the coming weeks, and that a popular hygiene method using hand sanitizer is not effective against the virus. […] Each year, about 2,500 norovirus outbreaks are reported in the U.S., per the CDC. […] The total number of outbreaks reported during this 20242025 season is above those reported during the same period during 20122020 and 2021-2024, the CDC spokesperson says. […] From Aug. 1, 2024 to Jan. 15 2025, there were 1,078 norovirus outbreaks reported by the 14 states participating in the CDC’s NoroSTAT surveillance program. […] Additionally, the percentage of norovirus tests coming back positive is rising. […] Wastewater surveillance, which serves as an early warning sign that cases are rising in a community, is also showing an increase.

• #55 Norovirus 2025: Outbreaks of stomach bug are surging across US. Know these early signs – NBC Los Angeles

  https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/national-international/norovirus-2025-outbreaks-of-stomach-bug-are-surging-across-us-know-these-early-signs/3594360/?os=httpwww.google.com&ref=app/

  According to WastewaterSCAN, a program that monitors viruses through municipal water systems led by scientists at Stanford and Emory University, norovirus levels are „high” nationwide, with an upward trend over the past 21 days. […] The CDC is continuing to conduct surveillance for outbreaks and monitor norovirus strains, the spokesperson says.

• #56 Norovirus

  https://prod.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/noro/

  Individual cases of norovirus infection are not required to be reported to the New Mexico Department of Health. However, norovirus outbreaks do require reporting under the “suspected foodborne illness in two or more unrelated persons.” […] The New Mexico Department of Health investigates many norovirus outbreaks every year. […] The CaliciNet database allows tracking of transmission sources and temporal spread of specific norovirus genotypes. […] Notify the New Mexico Department of Health by calling the Reporting & Surveillance hotline at 1-833-796-8773 to report the outbreak and obtain assistance. […] The Gastrointestinal (GI) Outbreaks Toolkit for Long Term Care Facilities (LTCF) can be useful during the outbreak.

• #57 Norovirus | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/norovirus/

  Noroviruses are a group of viruses that cause gastroenteritis. […] Due to the highly infectious nature of the virus, outbreaks of norovirus are possible, particularly in settings such as long term care facilities, schools, and cruise ships. […] Norovirus is a common cause of gastrointestinal illness year-round, though it is more common during the winter months. […] Norovirus is a ROUTINE/ENTERIC (enteric prevention priority) notifiable condition and must be reported by phone if the individual is a food handler, direct care provider, or pre-school aged child.

• #58 Norovirus | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/norovirus

  Norovirus can be diagnosed by testing stool from an infected person. Many laboratories in Massachusetts are able to perform this test, but health care providers often base their diagnosis on a patient’s symptoms and how long they last. […] Workers in any food-related business who have norovirus must stay out of work for 72 hours after their symptoms have stopped. Food-related businesses include restaurants, sandwich shops, hospital kitchens, and grocery stores. This requirement also applies to workers in schools, residential programs, daycares, and health care facilities who feed, give mouth care or dispense medications.

• #59 Norovirus

  https://prod.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/noro/

  Individual cases of norovirus infection are not required to be reported to the New Mexico Department of Health. However, norovirus outbreaks do require reporting under the “suspected foodborne illness in two or more unrelated persons.” […] The New Mexico Department of Health investigates many norovirus outbreaks every year. […] The CaliciNet database allows tracking of transmission sources and temporal spread of specific norovirus genotypes. […] Notify the New Mexico Department of Health by calling the Reporting & Surveillance hotline at 1-833-796-8773 to report the outbreak and obtain assistance. […] The Gastrointestinal (GI) Outbreaks Toolkit for Long Term Care Facilities (LTCF) can be useful during the outbreak.

• #60 Norovirus Fact Sheet – MN Dept. of HealthMinnesota Department of HealthMinnesota Department of healthprintsearchsharefacebookinstagramlinkedintwitteryoutube

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/norovirus/noro.html

  Norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks in Minnesota. […] Noroviruses are very contagious. They are found in the stool (feces) or vomit of infected people. From there, noroviruses are transferred to food, water, or surfaces by the hands of infected people who have not washed adequately after using the bathroom. […] To report a suspected foodborne illness, call the Minnesota Department of Health Foodborne Illness Hotline at 1-877-FOOD-ILL (or 651-201-5655 from the Twin Cities).

• #61 Norovirus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

  Norovirus causes about 18% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. It is relatively common in developed countries and in low-mortality developing countries (20% and 19% respectively) compared to high-mortality developing countries (14%). Proportionately it causes more illness in people in the community or in hospital outpatients (24% and 20% respectively) as compared with hospital inpatients (17%) in whom other causes are more common. […] In the United States, the estimated annual number of norovirus cases in 2023 was 21 million, representing a rate of 6,270 cases per 100,000 individuals. […] Norovirus is a common cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis on cruise ships. The CDC, through its Vessel Sanitation Program, records and investigates outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness – mostly caused by norovirus – on cruise ships with both a US and foreign itinerary; there were 12 in 2015, and 10 from 1 January to 9 May 2016. An outbreak may affect over 25% of passengers, and a smaller proportion of crew members.

• #62 Norovirus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

  Norovirus causes about 18% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. It is relatively common in developed countries and in low-mortality developing countries (20% and 19% respectively) compared to high-mortality developing countries (14%). Proportionately it causes more illness in people in the community or in hospital outpatients (24% and 20% respectively) as compared with hospital inpatients (17%) in whom other causes are more common. […] In the United States, the estimated annual number of norovirus cases in 2023 was 21 million, representing a rate of 6,270 cases per 100,000 individuals. […] Norovirus is a common cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis on cruise ships. The CDC, through its Vessel Sanitation Program, records and investigates outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness – mostly caused by norovirus – on cruise ships with both a US and foreign itinerary; there were 12 in 2015, and 10 from 1 January to 9 May 2016. An outbreak may affect over 25% of passengers, and a smaller proportion of crew members.

• #63 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  Norovirus infections are also more prevalent in developing nations. […] Studies suggest that washing hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds is the most effective form of hand hygiene for eliminating norovirus. […] Infection control is a priority in preventing norovirus outbreaks. […] While efforts at vaccine development are underway, hand hygiene, surface cleaning, and prevention of body fluid exposure are the mainstays of infection control.

• #64 Norovirus – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/norovirus

  In a meta-analysis including nearly 150,000 patients with acute gastroenteritis, the overall norovirus detection rate was 17 percent. Birth cohort studies in low- and middle-income countries have demonstrated that up to 90 percent of the children experience at least one norovirus infection, and up to 70 percent experience norovirus-associated diarrhea in early childhood.

• #65 Norovirus | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/norovirus

  Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. It is possible to get sick at any time of the year, but illnesses are most common between November and April. […] Noroviruses are very contagious and can be found in the stool or vomit of infected people. People get sick by accidentally getting tiny particles of stool or vomit in their mouth from a person infected with norovirus. This can occur when people: […] Anyone can get infected with norovirus. Children younger than 5 years old, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop severe infections. […] People with norovirus infection are most contagious when they have symptoms, especially vomiting, and during the first few days after feeling better. Studies have shown that you can still spread norovirus for two weeks or more after you feel better.

• #66 Norovirus and Managing Outbreaks | Vermont Department of Health

  https://www.healthvermont.gov/disease-control/foodborne-diarrheal-illnesses/norovirus-and-managing-outbreaks

  Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. You can get sick with norovirus by eating or drinking food or liquids that are contaminated with the virus, having contact with other people or surfaces carrying the virus or swimming in contaminated water. […] Norovirus infections can happen at any time of year, but they occur much more often during the winter months. These outbreaks are common in closed environments and group settings. In warmer months, outbreaks often occur at recreational water locations. […] An outbreak of norovirus-like illness is when two or more people with a common exposure (like being in a school or child care) are sick within 1-2 days of each other with the abrupt onset of gastrointestinal illness (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea). An outbreak is over when it’s been five days since the last person recovered and no additional people are sick. […] In the event of an outbreak at a facility, the Health Department Laboratory will test the stool of at least two different people to identify the source of the illness.

• #67

  https://www.cbc.ca/radio/whitecoat/norovirus-cases-are-on-the-rise-here-s-what-you-need-to-know-about-this-nasty-bug-1.7427355

  Norovirus cases are on the rise in Canada, the U.S. and the U.K. The Public Health Agency of Canada confirmed in an email that it is seeing higher-than-expected case counts of norovirus. Health officials in the U.S. and U.K. have also reported a rise in norovirus cases. Canadian cases of norovirus have risen above the five-year average between 2019 and 2023, according to preliminary data from PHAC’s National Enteric Surveillance program. Increases were noted in multiple provinces including Alberta, Ontario, B.C., Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan and P.E.I. Noroviruses are a highly contagious group of viruses that are responsible for 90 per cent of all epidemic gastroenteritis outbreaks, according to PHAC. While norovirus is present throughout the year, it is dubbed the „winter vomiting bug” because of its prevalence during colder months. Norovirus can survive on almost any surface including door handles, sinks, table tops and glassware for up to 12 hours on hard surfaces or up to 12 days on contaminated carpets, according to the U.K. National Health Service. Norovirus infection can also be spread through food and drinks. There are relatively few treatments for norovirus but Chagla said there are vaccine candidates that have shown some promise.

• #68 Norovirus: what to know about this bug as northern hemisphere countries face outbreaks

  https://theconversation.com/norovirus-what-to-know-about-this-bug-as-northern-hemisphere-countries-face-outbreaks-199834

  Recently there has been a sharp rise in cases of norovirus, sometimes called the winter vomiting bug, in the UK. […] According to the UK Health Security Agency, cases in England are 66% higher than the average for this time of year, and at their highest level in more than a decade. Surveillance data shows norovirus outbreaks have increased in hospitals, schools, and particularly in care homes. The majority of reported cases are in people over 65. […] There have also been more norovirus infections reported than usual in Scotland, while the US and Canada are similarly recording increasing cases.

• #69 Norovirus: what to know about this bug as northern hemisphere countries face outbreaks

  https://theconversation.com/norovirus-what-to-know-about-this-bug-as-northern-hemisphere-countries-face-outbreaks-199834

  Recently there has been a sharp rise in cases of norovirus, sometimes called the winter vomiting bug, in the UK. […] According to the UK Health Security Agency, cases in England are 66% higher than the average for this time of year, and at their highest level in more than a decade. Surveillance data shows norovirus outbreaks have increased in hospitals, schools, and particularly in care homes. The majority of reported cases are in people over 65. […] There have also been more norovirus infections reported than usual in Scotland, while the US and Canada are similarly recording increasing cases.

• #70 Norovirus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

  Norovirus causes about 18% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. It is relatively common in developed countries and in low-mortality developing countries (20% and 19% respectively) compared to high-mortality developing countries (14%). Proportionately it causes more illness in people in the community or in hospital outpatients (24% and 20% respectively) as compared with hospital inpatients (17%) in whom other causes are more common. […] In the United States, the estimated annual number of norovirus cases in 2023 was 21 million, representing a rate of 6,270 cases per 100,000 individuals. […] Norovirus is a common cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis on cruise ships. The CDC, through its Vessel Sanitation Program, records and investigates outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness – mostly caused by norovirus – on cruise ships with both a US and foreign itinerary; there were 12 in 2015, and 10 from 1 January to 9 May 2016. An outbreak may affect over 25% of passengers, and a smaller proportion of crew members.

• #71 US norovirus outbreaks are up, CDC data show | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/norovirus/us-norovirus-outbreaks-are-cdc-data-show

  Surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate a spike in norovirus outbreaks in the United States. […] Data from the CDC’s NoroSTAT network, which provides real-time reporting of norovirus outbreak activity in 14 states, show that 91 outbreaks were reported for the week ending December 5, which is the last week data were reported by state health departments. […] Data from the CDC’s National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System show that 22% of norovirus tests were positive for the week ending December 21, which is also higher than seen during the same time period in recent years. […] Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes sudden gastrointestinal symptoms. […] It’s the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea in the United States, with an estimated 19 million to 21 million illnesses and 2,500 outbreaks reported each year. […] Outbreaks can occur year-round but are most common from November to April. […] Data released earlier this week by the CDC show that 16 cruise ship norovirus outbreaks were reported in 2024, including 5 in December that sickened 890 passengers and crew members.

• #72 Norovirus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

  Norovirus causes about 18% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. It is relatively common in developed countries and in low-mortality developing countries (20% and 19% respectively) compared to high-mortality developing countries (14%). Proportionately it causes more illness in people in the community or in hospital outpatients (24% and 20% respectively) as compared with hospital inpatients (17%) in whom other causes are more common. […] In the United States, the estimated annual number of norovirus cases in 2023 was 21 million, representing a rate of 6,270 cases per 100,000 individuals. […] Norovirus is a common cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis on cruise ships. The CDC, through its Vessel Sanitation Program, records and investigates outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness – mostly caused by norovirus – on cruise ships with both a US and foreign itinerary; there were 12 in 2015, and 10 from 1 January to 9 May 2016. An outbreak may affect over 25% of passengers, and a smaller proportion of crew members.

• #73 Parents urged to be watchful for norovirus symptoms – Public Health Wales

  https://phw.nhs.wales/news/parents-urged-to-be-watchful-for-norovirus-symptoms/

  Public Health Wales is urging parents and carers to be watchful for the symptoms of norovirus ahead of schools and nurseries re-opening, as cases of the illness increase in Wales. […] Norovirus cases in Wales rose by 26 per cent in the week leading up to December 22, from 39 to 49 cases the previous week. Between September 30 and December 22, cases were 42 per cent higher than the same period last year. […] We expect to see an increase in norovirus cases at this time of year, as it is a common stomach bug that circulates during the winter months. However, we are concerned about an uptick in cases this winter compared with last year. […] The main symptoms of norovirus are vomiting and diarrhoea. Other symptoms include mild fever, headaches, stomach cramps and aching limbs.

• #74 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  A reduction in norovirus AGE incidence was observed during periods of shutdown for COVID-19; however, recent data have shown that, with the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, norovirus AGE incidence has returned to pre-pandemic levels. […] Observational studies have attempted to quantify incidence rates in smaller, defined populations, but wider, routine population-based surveillance is needed to fully appreciate the societal impact of norovirus AGE. […] The lack of standard testing for norovirus outside of outbreak settings makes estimation of the true burden of disease challenging from routine sources and is an area for improvement. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine for norovirus AGE, and many features of the virus and the human immune response to it have made vaccine development a challenge. […] Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent the disease would have a significant impact on global public health.

• #75 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  A reduction in norovirus AGE incidence was observed during periods of shutdown for COVID-19; however, recent data have shown that, with the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, norovirus AGE incidence has returned to pre-pandemic levels. […] Observational studies have attempted to quantify incidence rates in smaller, defined populations, but wider, routine population-based surveillance is needed to fully appreciate the societal impact of norovirus AGE. […] The lack of standard testing for norovirus outside of outbreak settings makes estimation of the true burden of disease challenging from routine sources and is an area for improvement. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine for norovirus AGE, and many features of the virus and the human immune response to it have made vaccine development a challenge. […] Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent the disease would have a significant impact on global public health.

• #76 Norovirus: Preventing the highly contagious bug | UCI Health | Orange County, CA

  https://www.ucihealth.org/blog/2025/01/norovirus

  Norovirus, a highly contagious foodborne gastrointestinal disease, is on the rise this winter in California and the nation. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 20 million cases of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus are reported annually. It is responsible for 58% of food-related illness. […] People with norovirus are most contagious while experiencing symptoms and for a few days after they feel better. But studies show people can continue to shed the virus for at least two weeks after recovery, especially those with weakened immune systems.

• #77 Norovirus (Stomach Bug) Facts For Parents

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/infectious-diseases/cd-school-nurse-guidance/norovirus-facts-for-parents.html

  Some cases of norovirus, or the stomach bug, have been reported from your child’s school or classroom. Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that can lead to diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. […] Between 19 and 21 million cases are reported each year. […] Individuals remain contagious from the moment they begin feeling sick through the first few days after recovery. […] Norovirus can spread to others by: Having direct contact with an infected person, such as touching an infected person while caring for them; Eating food or drinking liquids that are contaminated with norovirus; Touching objects that have norovirus on them and then putting your fingers in your mouth; Sharing utensils or cups with people who are infected with norovirus.

• #78 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Predicting Norovirus in the United States Using Google Trends: Infodemiology Study

  https://www.jmir.org/2021/9/e24554/

  The Google Trends results of travel, party, and wedding presented one or several months earlier than actual norovirus cases. This result indicated that the search terms party and travel might be factors of norovirus outbreaks. […] This study discovered the temporal correlation between norovirus and other terms.

• #79

  https://www.today.com/health/disease/norovirus-2025-rcna185976

  Norovirus levels are rising all across the country, and in the 'high’ category in all regions, Marlene Wolfe, Ph.D., assistant professor at Emory University and principal investigator of WastewaterSCAN, tells TODAY.com. […] The CDC is continuing to conduct surveillance for outbreaks and monitor norovirus strains, the spokesperson says.

• #80 Norovirus

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/noro/

  Norovirus is very contagious and tends to circulate in closed populations such as long-term care facilities and schools. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal illness and foodborne-related illness in the US. […] The importance of norovirus in causing acute gastrointestinal illnesses has become increasingly recognized partly due to advances in laboratory testing and reporting, which has expanded the understanding of the epidemiology of norovirus infection. […] CaliciNet is a national norovirus outbreak surveillance network of federal, state, and local public health laboratories in the United States. […] The CaliciNet database allows tracking of transmission sources and temporal spread of specific norovirus genotypes. […] Individual cases of norovirus infection are not required to be reported to the New Mexico Department of Health. However, norovirus outbreaks do require reporting under the suspected foodborne illness in two or more unrelated persons.

• #81 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  A reduction in norovirus AGE incidence was observed during periods of shutdown for COVID-19; however, recent data have shown that, with the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, norovirus AGE incidence has returned to pre-pandemic levels. […] Observational studies have attempted to quantify incidence rates in smaller, defined populations, but wider, routine population-based surveillance is needed to fully appreciate the societal impact of norovirus AGE. […] The lack of standard testing for norovirus outside of outbreak settings makes estimation of the true burden of disease challenging from routine sources and is an area for improvement. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine for norovirus AGE, and many features of the virus and the human immune response to it have made vaccine development a challenge. […] Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent the disease would have a significant impact on global public health.

• #82 Norovirus: An Old Virus Seeking New Public Health Actions

  https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/norovirus-an-old-virus-seeking-new-public-health-actions

  Two people testing positive for the Norovirus is regarded as an outbreak. In the US, there are 2000 outbreaks yearly, most of which occur between November and April. Outbreaks have happened in several settings, including health facilities, cruise ships, military barracks, schools, care homes, and resorts. […] The virus mutates fast, and the CDC has said new strains are responsible for 50% more infections. […] Allowing sick people to work endangers the public. One sick person can infect hundreds because of how contagious the virus is. […] There’s no treatment for Norovirus yet. In most people, it is a self-limiting illness that resolves after about 3 days. […] No widely available vaccine for Norovirus is available, but several contenders are undergoing clinical trials.

• #83 A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development | npj Vaccines

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00884-2

  A reduction in norovirus AGE incidence was observed during periods of shutdown for COVID-19; however, recent data have shown that, with the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, norovirus AGE incidence has returned to pre-pandemic levels. […] Observational studies have attempted to quantify incidence rates in smaller, defined populations, but wider, routine population-based surveillance is needed to fully appreciate the societal impact of norovirus AGE. […] The lack of standard testing for norovirus outside of outbreak settings makes estimation of the true burden of disease challenging from routine sources and is an area for improvement. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine for norovirus AGE, and many features of the virus and the human immune response to it have made vaccine development a challenge. […] Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent the disease would have a significant impact on global public health.

• #84 Norovirus – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513265/

  Norovirus infections are also more prevalent in developing nations. […] Studies suggest that washing hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds is the most effective form of hand hygiene for eliminating norovirus. […] Infection control is a priority in preventing norovirus outbreaks. […] While efforts at vaccine development are underway, hand hygiene, surface cleaning, and prevention of body fluid exposure are the mainstays of infection control.

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