Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but some present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a varying degree of longitudinal vaginal septum. […] Didelphys uterus was found to be the second least common at 8.3% of all MDAs. […] A didelphys uterus remains a very rare Mullerian duct anomaly in comparison to other anomalies described in the Buttram and Gibbons classification. […] The fertility of women with untreated didelphys uterus has been shown by some sources to be better than those with other Mullerian duct abnormalities but still less than women with normal uterine anatomy. […] The body of literature on didelphys uterus, although limited, generally shows that the anomaly may lead to better pregnancy outcomes in comparison to the other anomalies; however there are also studies that demonstrate the contrary.

• #2 Uterine Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/women/uterine-didelphys-double-uterus

  Uterine didelphys is a rare condition that happens when you grow two uteruses instead of one. This happens when you are a developing baby. […] Uterine didelphys can also happen with some rare conditions and other irregularities, including: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, which is when you have rare Mullerian duct anomalies. It may cause pelvic pain and cause one side of a double vagina to be blocked. […] Women with a double uterus can usually get pregnant. Its possible to carry your baby to full term, but with uterine didelphys, you have a greater risk of pregnancy complications. […] Some doctors disagree about whether women who have uterine didelphys should have a vaginal delivery or a C-section. The researchers of one review show that vaginal delivery is possible but feel that a C-section might be the safest. […] Uterine didelphys is a sexual organ irregularity that happens before birth. It can cause problems with pregnancy and delivery, and pain and heavy bleeding during menstruation, but lots of women never have any symptoms.

• #3 Uterus Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23301-uterus-didelphys

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage. […] You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. […] The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery.

• #4 Uterus didelphys – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus_didelphys

  In the United States, uterus didelphys is reported to occur in 0.10.5% of women. It is difficult to know the exact occurrence of this anomaly, as it may go undetected in the absence of medical and reproductive complications. […] Uterus didelphys, in certain studies, has also been found associated with higher rate of infertility, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, and postpartum bleed.

• #5 Uterus didelphys | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterus-didelphys?lang=us

  Didelphic uteri account for approximately ~8% (range 5-11%) of Mllerian duct anomalies. […] As with most uterine anatomical anomalies, there is an increased incidence of fertility issues, and Mllerian abnormalities, in general, are over-represented in infertile women. The chance of seeing a pregnancy to term is significantly reduced, down to only 20%, with a third of pregnancies ending in abortion and over half in premature deliveries. Only 40% of pregnancies resulted in living children. […] Along with unicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys has the greatest impact on reproductive performance.

• #6 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but some present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a varying degree of longitudinal vaginal septum. […] Didelphys uterus was found to be the second least common at 8.3% of all MDAs. […] A didelphys uterus remains a very rare Mullerian duct anomaly in comparison to other anomalies described in the Buttram and Gibbons classification. […] The fertility of women with untreated didelphys uterus has been shown by some sources to be better than those with other Mullerian duct abnormalities but still less than women with normal uterine anatomy. […] The body of literature on didelphys uterus, although limited, generally shows that the anomaly may lead to better pregnancy outcomes in comparison to the other anomalies; however there are also studies that demonstrate the contrary.

• #7 Uterus didelphys – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus_didelphys

  In the United States, uterus didelphys is reported to occur in 0.10.5% of women. It is difficult to know the exact occurrence of this anomaly, as it may go undetected in the absence of medical and reproductive complications. […] Uterus didelphys, in certain studies, has also been found associated with higher rate of infertility, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, and postpartum bleed.

• #8 How can a woman with two uteruses bear children from both? | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/woman-two-uteruses-twin-babies/

  One in about every 2,000 women worldwide have the condition. […] About one in 25,000 women with uterus didelphys gets pregnant with twins, one to each uterus. […] Most women aren’t even aware they have the condition until they become pregnant and get an ultrasound exam, a test that uses sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body. […] Normally, women with two uteruses don’t have problems getting pregnant, but in some cases it might be harder. […] About 60 percent of all twins are born prematurely. […] Yes, both uteruses go into labor at the same time, so the babies would likely be born within minutes of one another.

• #9

  https://www.ijrcog.org/index.php/ijrcog/article/view/9688

  Mullerian anomalies are defects in the embryological development of the urogenital systems as these organs begin to form at about the 5 and 6th week of intrauterine life. Uterine didelphys is one of the Mullerian or paramesonephric duct anomalies occurring as a result of duplication of the uterine canal with two cervical canals and a single vagina. The incidence uterine didelphys has been quoted as 1 in 2000 women. […] This is one of the few case reports in literature and will further add credence to the body of knowledge of a different aspect to the presentation and management of cases of Mullerian anomalies.

• #10 Uterus Didelphys or Double Uterus | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Two Uterus Condition

  https://www.drshivahk.com/double-uterus-or-uterus-didelphys/

  Double uterus, also called uterus didelphys or double womb, is a condition in which a woman is born with two separate uteruses. It is a rare congenital uterine abnormality that affects approximately 1 in every 3,000 women. […] In some cases, it may make conception and pregnancy more difficult. Women with a double uterus may need extra monitoring throughout pregnancy and may require a Caesarean delivery. […] Overall, a double uterus is a rare condition that can cause various complications during pregnancy. However, with proper monitoring and treatment, women with double uterus can still have successful pregnancies and healthy babies.

• #11 Uterus Didelphys – LGBTQIA+ Wiki

  https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Uterus_Didelphys

  Uterus didelphys, or didelphic uterus, is an CTF intersex variation affecting approximately 1 in 3,000 AFAB or otherwise CTF individuals, in which one has double uterus and two separate cervices, and possibly a double vagina as well. […] individuals with the variation may be asymptomatic and unaware of having a double uterus, how they are more likely to experience severe menstrual pains and pain during sex. […] Someone with this variation may be able to get pregnant, and may even be able to get pregnant in both uteruses. In the majority of cases, the babies survive; however, they have a higher chance of premature birth.

• #12 Bangladesh woman with two wombs has twins one month after first birth

  https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47729118

  A Bangladeshi woman has given birth to twins almost one month after delivering a premature baby boy, her doctor told the BBC. […] One gynaecologist in Singapore said uterus didelphys – the condition of having two uteruses – is „not as rare as people think”. […] There are varying estimates as to how common the condition is. It is thought to affect about one in 1,000 women in the UK. […] Often women who have the condition do not have symptoms and it is usually discovered during pregnancy when an ultrasound scan is given.

• #13 Wendy’s Story: Double Uterus | El Camino Health

  https://www.elcaminohealth.org/newsroom/wendys-story-double-uterus

  Wendy’s condition (uterus didelphys) is extremely rare, and it helps to know a bit about fetal development to understand it. The condition affects anywhere from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000 women. […] Wendy would need to find a doctor who specialized in complex gynecological surgery.

• #14 Uterus didelphys – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus_didelphys

  In the United States, uterus didelphys is reported to occur in 0.10.5% of women. It is difficult to know the exact occurrence of this anomaly, as it may go undetected in the absence of medical and reproductive complications. […] Uterus didelphys, in certain studies, has also been found associated with higher rate of infertility, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, and postpartum bleed.

• #15 Uterus Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23301-uterus-didelphys

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage. […] You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. […] The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery.

• #16

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA Syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly of the female genital tract. […] The true prevalence of this anomaly is unknown as it may be discovered in later part of patients life when presenting with infertility. The incidence of mullerian duct anomalies in literature ranges from 0.5 and 5.0%. Approximately 11% of uterine malformations are didelphic uteri. […] There is a high association between mullerian duct and renal anomalies such as unilateral agenesis. Patients most often present for medical attention because of infertility and repeated pregnancy loss. Routine imaging for infertility workup often detects the anomaly. […] Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina is an obstructive mullerian anomaly caused by the lateral nonfusion of the mullerian ducts with asymmetrical obstruction. Renal agenesis most commonly occurs in association with uterine didelphys than with any other type of mullerian anomaly. The reported incidence of renal anomalies in this group is 20%.

• #17 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Mllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. […] The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 5.5%, 8.0% in women with infertility, 13.3% of the population with abortions, and reaches 24.5% in patients with abortions and infertility. […] Uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly and accounts for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 0.3% of the total population. In the population of women with a history of abortion and infertility, its rate of occurrence is more frequent in 2.1%.

• #18 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Mllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. […] The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 5.5%, 8.0% in women with infertility, 13.3% of the population with abortions, and reaches 24.5% in patients with abortions and infertility. […] Uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly and accounts for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 0.3% of the total population. In the population of women with a history of abortion and infertility, its rate of occurrence is more frequent in 2.1%.

• #19 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Mllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. […] The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 5.5%, 8.0% in women with infertility, 13.3% of the population with abortions, and reaches 24.5% in patients with abortions and infertility. […] Uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly and accounts for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 0.3% of the total population. In the population of women with a history of abortion and infertility, its rate of occurrence is more frequent in 2.1%.

• #20 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Mllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. […] The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 5.5%, 8.0% in women with infertility, 13.3% of the population with abortions, and reaches 24.5% in patients with abortions and infertility. […] Uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly and accounts for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 0.3% of the total population. In the population of women with a history of abortion and infertility, its rate of occurrence is more frequent in 2.1%.

• #21 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Mllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. […] The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 5.5%, 8.0% in women with infertility, 13.3% of the population with abortions, and reaches 24.5% in patients with abortions and infertility. […] Uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly and accounts for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 0.3% of the total population. In the population of women with a history of abortion and infertility, its rate of occurrence is more frequent in 2.1%.

• #22 Uterus didelphys | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterus-didelphys?lang=us

  Didelphic uteri account for approximately ~8% (range 5-11%) of Mllerian duct anomalies. […] As with most uterine anatomical anomalies, there is an increased incidence of fertility issues, and Mllerian abnormalities, in general, are over-represented in infertile women. The chance of seeing a pregnancy to term is significantly reduced, down to only 20%, with a third of pregnancies ending in abortion and over half in premature deliveries. Only 40% of pregnancies resulted in living children. […] Along with unicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys has the greatest impact on reproductive performance.

• #23 Mullerian Anomaly Surgery | Double Uterus | CCRM Fertility

  https://www.ccrmivf.com/blog/mullerian-anomaly-surgery-double-uterus/

  The actual incidence of all mullerian anomalies in the general population is unknown, but is estimated at 1 in 300 (one reported range was 0.1 to 3.5%). Women with repeated pregnancy loss have a greater 5-10% chance of having a mullerian anomaly. […] Any patient with a complex mullerian anomaly or absence all or part of the uterus should have a complete evaluation of their renal (kidney) system to exclude urinary tract abnormalities. […] Patients with known or suspected mullerian abnormalities will be best served to work with experienced reproductive surgeons (usually surgically-oriented reproductive endocrinologists, pediatric gyn surgeons, and pelvic reconstructive surgeons).

• #24 Double uterus in young women delivered by Caesarean Section: five cases from South Sudan and Ethiopia

  http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/february-2022/double-uterus-in-young-women-delivered-by-caesarean-section-five-cases-from-south-sudan-and-ethiopia.html

  Double uterus (uterus didelphys) is the second least common congenital anomaly of the female genital tract resulting from failure of fusion of the two Mllerian ducts during embryological development, leading to duplication of the uterus and the cervix. […] Review of the prevalence of different types of uterine malformations revealed that uterus didelphys was the second least common (8.3%) of all Mllerian duct anomalies after complete agenesis (3%). […] Ipsilateral renal agenesis where one kidney does not develop is associated with 15 to 20% of cases of double uterus. […] Most women with uterus didelphys are asymptomatic. […] Although infertility and poor pregnancy outcomes have been reported in association with double uterus, many cases have been reported to have successful pregnancy outcomes with no history of fertility impairment.

• #25

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA Syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly of the female genital tract. […] The true prevalence of this anomaly is unknown as it may be discovered in later part of patients life when presenting with infertility. The incidence of mullerian duct anomalies in literature ranges from 0.5 and 5.0%. Approximately 11% of uterine malformations are didelphic uteri. […] There is a high association between mullerian duct and renal anomalies such as unilateral agenesis. Patients most often present for medical attention because of infertility and repeated pregnancy loss. Routine imaging for infertility workup often detects the anomaly. […] Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina is an obstructive mullerian anomaly caused by the lateral nonfusion of the mullerian ducts with asymmetrical obstruction. Renal agenesis most commonly occurs in association with uterine didelphys than with any other type of mullerian anomaly. The reported incidence of renal anomalies in this group is 20%.

• #26 Bicornuate uterus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/bicornuate-uterus?lang=us

  Overall, congenital uterine anomalies occur in ~1.5% of females (range 0.1-3%). Bicornuate uteri are thought to represent ~25% (range 10-39%) of Mullerian duct anomalies. […] a longitudinal vaginal septum may be present in ~25% of cases […] as with other Mullerian duct anomalies, abnormalities of the renal tract may also be present.

• #27 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/BabyBumps/comments/19c9uvz/my_experience_so_far_with_uterine_didelphys/

  From the Mayo Clinic „A double uterus is a rare condition that is present at birth in some women. In a female fetus, the uterus starts out as two small tubes. As the fetus grows, the tubes typically join to create one larger, hollow organ. This organ is the uterus.” […] „Sometimes the tubes don’t join completely. Instead, each one develops into a separate organ. A double uterus may have one opening into one vagina. This opening is called the cervix. In other cases, each uterus has its own cervix. Often, there’s also a thin wall of tissue that runs down the length of the vagina. This divides the vagina in two, with two separate openings.” […] My OB has laid out that I will most likely go into preterm labor. She congratulated me on making it to the third trimester and said it could be any day now Because the baby will just run out of room sooner. She said our goal is to make it to 35 weeks but to prepare for the baby to come before then.

• #28 Painful Periods and a Double Uterus: A Teen’s Struggle With Mullerian Anomalies > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/mullerian-anomalies-ohvira

  At her first appointment with Dr. Vash-Margita, Emily was told she had a complex condition called OHVIRA (Obstructed Hemi-Vagina with Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis). OHVIRA is a congenital, or present at birth, condition; it occurs when a girl has a double uterus, a missing kidney, and a wall of tissue that divides the vagina. […] Its common that girls with a single kidney will not be diagnosed with abnormalities of Mullerian structures until either puberty or if she attempts pregnancy. […] OHVIRA is a type of Mullerian anomaly, and there are a wide variety of them, says Dr. Vash-Margita, adding that it was not surprising that Emily was not diagnosed with OHVIRA when she was found to have one kidney at age 4. […] There is a push now in my subspecialty to work with nephrologists and urologists to remind them that if they see a girl with a single kidney, they should perform a pelvic ultrasound to see if she has a normal uterus, Dr. Vash-Margita says.

• #29

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA Syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly of the female genital tract. […] The true prevalence of this anomaly is unknown as it may be discovered in later part of patients life when presenting with infertility. The incidence of mullerian duct anomalies in literature ranges from 0.5 and 5.0%. Approximately 11% of uterine malformations are didelphic uteri. […] There is a high association between mullerian duct and renal anomalies such as unilateral agenesis. Patients most often present for medical attention because of infertility and repeated pregnancy loss. Routine imaging for infertility workup often detects the anomaly. […] Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina is an obstructive mullerian anomaly caused by the lateral nonfusion of the mullerian ducts with asymmetrical obstruction. Renal agenesis most commonly occurs in association with uterine didelphys than with any other type of mullerian anomaly. The reported incidence of renal anomalies in this group is 20%.

• #30 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus has been shown in many case reports to occur as a part of a syndrome, more specifically called, Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome, also known as obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA). […] Overall, the literature available on the didelphys uterus is quite limited at the present time. Therefore more studies are needed in order to better determine the reproductive and gestational outcomes, so that clinicians can adequately advise and care for their patients.

• #31 Uterine Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/women/uterine-didelphys-double-uterus

  Uterine didelphys is a rare condition that happens when you grow two uteruses instead of one. This happens when you are a developing baby. […] Uterine didelphys can also happen with some rare conditions and other irregularities, including: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, which is when you have rare Mullerian duct anomalies. It may cause pelvic pain and cause one side of a double vagina to be blocked. […] Women with a double uterus can usually get pregnant. Its possible to carry your baby to full term, but with uterine didelphys, you have a greater risk of pregnancy complications. […] Some doctors disagree about whether women who have uterine didelphys should have a vaginal delivery or a C-section. The researchers of one review show that vaginal delivery is possible but feel that a C-section might be the safest. […] Uterine didelphys is a sexual organ irregularity that happens before birth. It can cause problems with pregnancy and delivery, and pain and heavy bleeding during menstruation, but lots of women never have any symptoms.

• #32 Mullerian Anomaly Surgery | Double Uterus | CCRM Fertility

  https://www.ccrmivf.com/blog/mullerian-anomaly-surgery-double-uterus/

  The actual incidence of all mullerian anomalies in the general population is unknown, but is estimated at 1 in 300 (one reported range was 0.1 to 3.5%). Women with repeated pregnancy loss have a greater 5-10% chance of having a mullerian anomaly. […] Any patient with a complex mullerian anomaly or absence all or part of the uterus should have a complete evaluation of their renal (kidney) system to exclude urinary tract abnormalities. […] Patients with known or suspected mullerian abnormalities will be best served to work with experienced reproductive surgeons (usually surgically-oriented reproductive endocrinologists, pediatric gyn surgeons, and pelvic reconstructive surgeons).

• #33

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA Syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly of the female genital tract. […] The true prevalence of this anomaly is unknown as it may be discovered in later part of patients life when presenting with infertility. The incidence of mullerian duct anomalies in literature ranges from 0.5 and 5.0%. Approximately 11% of uterine malformations are didelphic uteri. […] There is a high association between mullerian duct and renal anomalies such as unilateral agenesis. Patients most often present for medical attention because of infertility and repeated pregnancy loss. Routine imaging for infertility workup often detects the anomaly. […] Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina is an obstructive mullerian anomaly caused by the lateral nonfusion of the mullerian ducts with asymmetrical obstruction. Renal agenesis most commonly occurs in association with uterine didelphys than with any other type of mullerian anomaly. The reported incidence of renal anomalies in this group is 20%.

• #34 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus has been shown in many case reports to occur as a part of a syndrome, more specifically called, Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome, also known as obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA). […] Overall, the literature available on the didelphys uterus is quite limited at the present time. Therefore more studies are needed in order to better determine the reproductive and gestational outcomes, so that clinicians can adequately advise and care for their patients.

• #35

  https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/healthnow/woman-s-double-uterus-produces-two-births-three-babies-a-month-apart

  Dr. McKenna says his practice sees several women a year with two uteruses. […] Women can still get pregnant and have a successful pregnancy in most cases, but should be seen during pregnancy by a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, as the condition can lead to complications such as preterm birth, issues with the placenta, or breech babies. […] Dr. McKenna recommends that in the U.S., Every woman should have an ultrasound by 12 weeks to identify and monitor this kind of thing [multiple gestations and conditions like uterus didelphys]. […] In general, women in developing nations are at high risk for complications of childbirth.

• #36 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Your healthcare provider may diagnose a double uterus during a routine pelvic exam after feeling two cervixes or two vaginas. Theyll likely order additional imaging tests to confirm uterus didelphys. […] Imaging tests will be used to further examine the size and shape of your double uterus and confirm the diagnosis. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage.

• #37 Uterus didelphys | Pathology Learning Centre

  https://health.uct.ac.za/pathology-learning-centre/disease-themes-when-things-go-wrong-congenital-anomalies/uterus-didelphys

  FREQUENCY: estimated to occur in 1 in 3000 women […] An important consequence of and pointer to uterus didelphys is poor obstetric outcome. Recurrent mid-term abortions, malpresentations and premature labour are very common so that only about 70% of pregnancies result in live births. […] Diagnosis of uterus didelphys can be confirmed on ultrasonography, hysteroscopy or MRI. […] Many obstetricians opt for caesarean section delivery in women with didelphys uterus.

• #38 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Your healthcare provider may diagnose a double uterus during a routine pelvic exam after feeling two cervixes or two vaginas. Theyll likely order additional imaging tests to confirm uterus didelphys. […] Imaging tests will be used to further examine the size and shape of your double uterus and confirm the diagnosis. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage.

• #39 Uterus didelphys | Pathology Learning Centre

  https://health.uct.ac.za/pathology-learning-centre/disease-themes-when-things-go-wrong-congenital-anomalies/uterus-didelphys

  FREQUENCY: estimated to occur in 1 in 3000 women […] An important consequence of and pointer to uterus didelphys is poor obstetric outcome. Recurrent mid-term abortions, malpresentations and premature labour are very common so that only about 70% of pregnancies result in live births. […] Diagnosis of uterus didelphys can be confirmed on ultrasonography, hysteroscopy or MRI. […] Many obstetricians opt for caesarean section delivery in women with didelphys uterus.

• #40 Uterus didelphys | Pathology Learning Centre

  https://health.uct.ac.za/pathology-learning-centre/disease-themes-when-things-go-wrong-congenital-anomalies/uterus-didelphys

  FREQUENCY: estimated to occur in 1 in 3000 women […] An important consequence of and pointer to uterus didelphys is poor obstetric outcome. Recurrent mid-term abortions, malpresentations and premature labour are very common so that only about 70% of pregnancies result in live births. […] Diagnosis of uterus didelphys can be confirmed on ultrasonography, hysteroscopy or MRI. […] Many obstetricians opt for caesarean section delivery in women with didelphys uterus.

• #41

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  The role of imaging is to help detect, diagnose and distinguish surgically correctable forms of mullerian malformations from inoperable forms. […] Uterus didelphys has been associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor and postpartum bleed. […] In patients presenting with palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos), mullerian duct anomalies must be excluded. […] Early diagnosis of this condition with appropriate surgical intervention decreases the long term morbidity.

• #42 Mullerian Anomaly Surgery | Double Uterus | CCRM Fertility

  https://www.ccrmivf.com/blog/mullerian-anomaly-surgery-double-uterus/

  The actual incidence of all mullerian anomalies in the general population is unknown, but is estimated at 1 in 300 (one reported range was 0.1 to 3.5%). Women with repeated pregnancy loss have a greater 5-10% chance of having a mullerian anomaly. […] Any patient with a complex mullerian anomaly or absence all or part of the uterus should have a complete evaluation of their renal (kidney) system to exclude urinary tract abnormalities. […] Patients with known or suspected mullerian abnormalities will be best served to work with experienced reproductive surgeons (usually surgically-oriented reproductive endocrinologists, pediatric gyn surgeons, and pelvic reconstructive surgeons).

• #43

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  The role of imaging is to help detect, diagnose and distinguish surgically correctable forms of mullerian malformations from inoperable forms. […] Uterus didelphys has been associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor and postpartum bleed. […] In patients presenting with palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos), mullerian duct anomalies must be excluded. […] Early diagnosis of this condition with appropriate surgical intervention decreases the long term morbidity.

• #44 Uterus didelphys: the first case report on molecular profiling of endometrial tissue from both uterine cavities | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-024-01330-7

  A didelphic uterus represents a unique and infrequent congenital condition in which a woman possesses two distinct uteri, each with its own cervix. This anomaly arises due to partial or incomplete merging of the Mllerian ducts during the developmental stages in the womb. Accounting for uterine malformations, a didelphic uterus is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 0.52% of the population and is considered one of the more uncommon types of uterine abnormalities. […] Given its low prevalence, routine screening is not indicated, and studies on this anomaly are scarce. Therefore, individual case assessment and personalized management are crucial. […] Women with uterus didelphys exhibit a lower clinical pregnancy rate, lower live-birth rate, and a higher rate of first-trimester pregnancy loss, highlighting the significant impact of this condition on reproductive outcomes. This case report represents a noteworthy contribution to the field by exploring critical aspects of endometrial quality, such as the microbiome, metabolome, endometrial receptivity, and associated inflammatory markers, to improve pregnancy outcomes in this under-researched pathology.

• #45 Uterus Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23301-uterus-didelphys

  Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #46 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery. […] Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #47 Uterus Didelphys: What Are the Causes and Right Treatments?

  https://www.toplinemd.com/doral-beach-gynecology/uterus-didelphys-what-are-the-causes-and-right-treatments/

  Uterus didelphys or double uterus is a congenital condition women are born with, which means that the person has two uteruses. This condition is rare. Only 0.3% of people suffer from it, but it still does occur, and women who are born with a uterus didelphys can also have a double urethra, anus, cervix, or bladder. […] These are certain conditions that can significantly impact the development of a double uterus condition, but, as said, it is still to be determined what the exact cause of this issue is. […] Many experts and healthcare professionals advise not treating uterus didelphys if no symptoms occur. […] Complete uterus didelphys can cause infertility and some other complications in patients suffering from this condition. […] So, to summarize, uterine didelphys is a condition that might be risky and cause issues during pregnancies, but it is not a rule. Many women have stable pregnancies and complication-free labor with healthy babies even though they suffer from this condition.

• #48 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but some present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a varying degree of longitudinal vaginal septum. […] Didelphys uterus was found to be the second least common at 8.3% of all MDAs. […] A didelphys uterus remains a very rare Mullerian duct anomaly in comparison to other anomalies described in the Buttram and Gibbons classification. […] The fertility of women with untreated didelphys uterus has been shown by some sources to be better than those with other Mullerian duct abnormalities but still less than women with normal uterine anatomy. […] The body of literature on didelphys uterus, although limited, generally shows that the anomaly may lead to better pregnancy outcomes in comparison to the other anomalies; however there are also studies that demonstrate the contrary.

• #49 Uterus Didelphys – LGBTQIA+ Wiki

  https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Uterus_Didelphys

  Uterus didelphys, or didelphic uterus, is an CTF intersex variation affecting approximately 1 in 3,000 AFAB or otherwise CTF individuals, in which one has double uterus and two separate cervices, and possibly a double vagina as well. […] individuals with the variation may be asymptomatic and unaware of having a double uterus, how they are more likely to experience severe menstrual pains and pain during sex. […] Someone with this variation may be able to get pregnant, and may even be able to get pregnant in both uteruses. In the majority of cases, the babies survive; however, they have a higher chance of premature birth.

• #50 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but some present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a varying degree of longitudinal vaginal septum. […] Didelphys uterus was found to be the second least common at 8.3% of all MDAs. […] A didelphys uterus remains a very rare Mullerian duct anomaly in comparison to other anomalies described in the Buttram and Gibbons classification. […] The fertility of women with untreated didelphys uterus has been shown by some sources to be better than those with other Mullerian duct abnormalities but still less than women with normal uterine anatomy. […] The body of literature on didelphys uterus, although limited, generally shows that the anomaly may lead to better pregnancy outcomes in comparison to the other anomalies; however there are also studies that demonstrate the contrary.

• #51 One successful intrauterine device into a uterus didelphys: a case report and literature review

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/6/38/full/

  However, this contraindication has been controversial for some authors suggesting that IUDs can still be inserted in selective and known patients with such a condition; and have successfully inserted them into the uterus didelphys. […] However, in all literature we read through, all authors were using two IUDs into didelphys uterus. […] Since then she does not experience anymore dysmenorrhea and not getting pregnant. […] LNG-IUD is a long acting high effective and reversible form of contraception. […] Considering this mechanism and high LNG concentration in the pelvis, we thought using only one LNG-IUD might be sufficient to achieve an effective contraception for two uteri, inversely to other authors we read through using a LNG-device in each uterus. […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but may present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a vaginal septum and/or an endometriosis. […] This is a case report of a 35 year-old woman, P4 +6, with uterus didelphys using successfully one LNG-IUD contraceptive.

• #52 One successful intrauterine device into a uterus didelphys: a case report and literature review

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/6/38/full/

  However, this contraindication has been controversial for some authors suggesting that IUDs can still be inserted in selective and known patients with such a condition; and have successfully inserted them into the uterus didelphys. […] However, in all literature we read through, all authors were using two IUDs into didelphys uterus. […] Since then she does not experience anymore dysmenorrhea and not getting pregnant. […] LNG-IUD is a long acting high effective and reversible form of contraception. […] Considering this mechanism and high LNG concentration in the pelvis, we thought using only one LNG-IUD might be sufficient to achieve an effective contraception for two uteri, inversely to other authors we read through using a LNG-device in each uterus. […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but may present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a vaginal septum and/or an endometriosis. […] This is a case report of a 35 year-old woman, P4 +6, with uterus didelphys using successfully one LNG-IUD contraceptive.

• #53 Uterus Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23301-uterus-didelphys

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage. […] You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. […] The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery.

• #54 Uterus Didelphys: What Are the Causes and Right Treatments?

  https://www.toplinemd.com/doral-beach-gynecology/uterus-didelphys-what-are-the-causes-and-right-treatments/

  Uterus didelphys or double uterus is a congenital condition women are born with, which means that the person has two uteruses. This condition is rare. Only 0.3% of people suffer from it, but it still does occur, and women who are born with a uterus didelphys can also have a double urethra, anus, cervix, or bladder. […] These are certain conditions that can significantly impact the development of a double uterus condition, but, as said, it is still to be determined what the exact cause of this issue is. […] Many experts and healthcare professionals advise not treating uterus didelphys if no symptoms occur. […] Complete uterus didelphys can cause infertility and some other complications in patients suffering from this condition. […] So, to summarize, uterine didelphys is a condition that might be risky and cause issues during pregnancies, but it is not a rule. Many women have stable pregnancies and complication-free labor with healthy babies even though they suffer from this condition.

• #55

  https://omjournal.org/IssueText.aspx?issId=176

  OHVIRA syndrome represents obstructed hemivagina with ipsilateral renal anomaly and is classically associated with uterus didelphys. […] Resection of the vaginal septum is the treatment of choice for obstructed hemivagina for symptom relief and preservation of reproductive capabilities. […] The role of imaging is to help detect, diagnose and distinguish surgically correctable forms of mullerian malformations from inoperable forms. […] Uterus didelphys has been associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor and postpartum bleed. […] In patients presenting with palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos), mullerian duct anomalies must be excluded. […] Early diagnosis of this condition with appropriate surgical intervention decreases the long term morbidity.

• #56 Mullerian Anomaly Surgery | Double Uterus | CCRM Fertility

  https://www.ccrmivf.com/blog/mullerian-anomaly-surgery-double-uterus/

  The actual incidence of all mullerian anomalies in the general population is unknown, but is estimated at 1 in 300 (one reported range was 0.1 to 3.5%). Women with repeated pregnancy loss have a greater 5-10% chance of having a mullerian anomaly. […] Any patient with a complex mullerian anomaly or absence all or part of the uterus should have a complete evaluation of their renal (kidney) system to exclude urinary tract abnormalities. […] Patients with known or suspected mullerian abnormalities will be best served to work with experienced reproductive surgeons (usually surgically-oriented reproductive endocrinologists, pediatric gyn surgeons, and pelvic reconstructive surgeons).

• #57 Wendy’s Story: Double Uterus | El Camino Health

  https://www.elcaminohealth.org/newsroom/wendys-story-double-uterus

  Wendy’s condition (uterus didelphys) is extremely rare, and it helps to know a bit about fetal development to understand it. The condition affects anywhere from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000 women. […] Wendy would need to find a doctor who specialized in complex gynecological surgery.

• #58 Bicornuate Uterus and Pregnancy | Advanced OB-GYN Care

  https://www.draliabadi.com/obstetrics/high-risk-obstetrics/bicornate-uterus/

  About 1 in 200 women are estimated to have a bicornuate uterus. […] Incomplete fusion of the Mullerian or paramesonephric ducts results in the most common types of uterine malformation, such as the septate uterus, unicornuate uterus, and bicornuate uterus. […] These uterine malformations are rare but known to be associated with infertility, pregnancy loss, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm deliveries, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, breech presentation, and an increased rate of cesarean section. […] If you have a bicornuate uterus and become pregnant, your condition could be considered a high-risk pregnancy. […] This means the pregnancy would be monitored more often with increased check-ups on the health and progress of the baby for the best pregnancy outcome. […] Most women with a bicornuate womb have no extra difficulties with conception or in early pregnancy, but there is a slightly higher risk of miscarriage and preterm birth.

• #59

  https://www.ijrcog.org/index.php/ijrcog/article/view/2801

  Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst MDAs. Most sources estimate an incidence of these abnormalities to be from 0.5 to 5.0% in the general population. […] Uterus didelphys with pregnancy has variable maternal and perinatal outcome. […] Pregnancy in a uterus Didelphys deserves early diagnosis of the anomaly, and meticulous care in pregnancy and delivery to avert the associated adverse outcomes.

• #60 Bicornuate Uterus and Pregnancy | Advanced OB-GYN Care

  https://www.draliabadi.com/obstetrics/high-risk-obstetrics/bicornate-uterus/

  About 1 in 200 women are estimated to have a bicornuate uterus. […] Incomplete fusion of the Mullerian or paramesonephric ducts results in the most common types of uterine malformation, such as the septate uterus, unicornuate uterus, and bicornuate uterus. […] These uterine malformations are rare but known to be associated with infertility, pregnancy loss, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm deliveries, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, breech presentation, and an increased rate of cesarean section. […] If you have a bicornuate uterus and become pregnant, your condition could be considered a high-risk pregnancy. […] This means the pregnancy would be monitored more often with increased check-ups on the health and progress of the baby for the best pregnancy outcome. […] Most women with a bicornuate womb have no extra difficulties with conception or in early pregnancy, but there is a slightly higher risk of miscarriage and preterm birth.

• #61

  https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/healthnow/woman-s-double-uterus-produces-two-births-three-babies-a-month-apart

  Dr. McKenna says his practice sees several women a year with two uteruses. […] Women can still get pregnant and have a successful pregnancy in most cases, but should be seen during pregnancy by a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, as the condition can lead to complications such as preterm birth, issues with the placenta, or breech babies. […] Dr. McKenna recommends that in the U.S., Every woman should have an ultrasound by 12 weeks to identify and monitor this kind of thing [multiple gestations and conditions like uterus didelphys]. […] In general, women in developing nations are at high risk for complications of childbirth.

• #62 Bicornuate uterus, double uterus or uterus didelphys: what is it? How can it affect fertility and pregnancy?

  https://www.institutobernabeu.com/en/blog/bicornuate-uterus-double-uterus-or-uterus-didelphys-what-is-it-how-can-it-affect-fertility-and-pregnancy/

  Bicornuate uteri are present in 0.4% of the general population, in 1.1% of women who are infertile, in 2.1% of women who have had a pregnancy loss and in 4.7% of women who are infertile and have had a pregnancy loss. […] During pregnancy, patients with a bicornuate uterus are at a greater risk of pregnancy loss in the first and second terms, premature birth, a low weight at birth and an abnormal position of the foetus. Therefore, strict controls during pregnancy, particularly of the length of the cervical canal, are required in order to avoid the birth of a premature child.

• #63

  https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/healthnow/woman-s-double-uterus-produces-two-births-three-babies-a-month-apart

  Dr. McKenna says his practice sees several women a year with two uteruses. […] Women can still get pregnant and have a successful pregnancy in most cases, but should be seen during pregnancy by a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, as the condition can lead to complications such as preterm birth, issues with the placenta, or breech babies. […] Dr. McKenna recommends that in the U.S., Every woman should have an ultrasound by 12 weeks to identify and monitor this kind of thing [multiple gestations and conditions like uterus didelphys]. […] In general, women in developing nations are at high risk for complications of childbirth.

• #64

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/alabama-woman-born-two-uteri-expecting-baby-both-rcna125209

  Only about 3 in 1,000 women are born with two uteri, and the chances of being pregnant in both are at least 1 in a million, said Dr. Richard Davis, a specialist in obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Alabama Hospital. […] Hatcher’s pregnancy is classified as high-risk because it will require more care providers and contingency plans. […] For now, Hatcher will need to get an ultrasound every week to monitor the conditions of her babies.

• #65

  https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/healthnow/woman-s-double-uterus-produces-two-births-three-babies-a-month-apart

  Dr. McKenna says his practice sees several women a year with two uteruses. […] Women can still get pregnant and have a successful pregnancy in most cases, but should be seen during pregnancy by a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, as the condition can lead to complications such as preterm birth, issues with the placenta, or breech babies. […] Dr. McKenna recommends that in the U.S., Every woman should have an ultrasound by 12 weeks to identify and monitor this kind of thing [multiple gestations and conditions like uterus didelphys]. […] In general, women in developing nations are at high risk for complications of childbirth.

• #66

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-double-uterus-expecting-2-babies-1-million/story?id=104846795

  Kelsey Hatcher, 32, was born with uterine didelphys, or double uterus. […] While uterine didelphys is rare on its own, the odds of being pregnant at the same time in each uterus are about „1 in a million,” according to Dr. Richard Davis, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Women Infants Center, where Hatcher is being treated. […] Neither of the doctors, nor anyone else at the university’s medical center, has ever cared for a patient carrying two pregnancies in two uteruses. […] „There’s no true expert out there who knows how to manage a patient with two uteruses and two babies, with one in each uterus,” Patel said. „So we really are relying on our baseline teaching and our baseline knowledge and the normal physiology of pregnancy that we understand, and applying it in her scenario.”

• #67 Bicornuate uterus, double uterus or uterus didelphys: what is it? How can it affect fertility and pregnancy?

  https://www.institutobernabeu.com/en/blog/bicornuate-uterus-double-uterus-or-uterus-didelphys-what-is-it-how-can-it-affect-fertility-and-pregnancy/

  Bicornuate uteri are present in 0.4% of the general population, in 1.1% of women who are infertile, in 2.1% of women who have had a pregnancy loss and in 4.7% of women who are infertile and have had a pregnancy loss. […] During pregnancy, patients with a bicornuate uterus are at a greater risk of pregnancy loss in the first and second terms, premature birth, a low weight at birth and an abnormal position of the foetus. Therefore, strict controls during pregnancy, particularly of the length of the cervical canal, are required in order to avoid the birth of a premature child.

• #68 Bethany’s Story

  https://www.hshs.org/st-vincent-childrens/patient-stories/bethany-s-story

  During labor with Leo, Bethanys physicians at HSHS St. Vincent Hospital once again slowed down her contractions and ultimately made them stop, allowing Bethany to carry Leo for an additional six weeks. […] At 27 weeks, when I first went into labor, my doctor told me how much of a difference it could make to prevent the birth from occurring too early, said Bethany. I was told for every day Leo stayed inside of me it would mean two less days he would have to spend in the NICU. […] Having two premature babies was a stressful experience for Bethany and her family.

• #69 Bethany’s Story

  https://www.hshs.org/st-vincent-childrens/patient-stories/bethany-s-story

  During labor with Leo, Bethanys physicians at HSHS St. Vincent Hospital once again slowed down her contractions and ultimately made them stop, allowing Bethany to carry Leo for an additional six weeks. […] At 27 weeks, when I first went into labor, my doctor told me how much of a difference it could make to prevent the birth from occurring too early, said Bethany. I was told for every day Leo stayed inside of me it would mean two less days he would have to spend in the NICU. […] Having two premature babies was a stressful experience for Bethany and her family.

• #70 Alabama woman with second uterus has rare double pregnancy – The Washington Post

  https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/11/14/two-double-uterus-pregnancy-twins-alabama/

  One in 1 million women become pregnant with two fetuses in separate uteruses, according to Richard Davis, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist treating Hatcher. […] When Hatcher was a teenager in November 2008, she said doctors in Birmingham discovered that she had been born with two uteruses and two cervices — a condition called uterus didelphys that occurs in about 0.3 percent of women, Davis said. […] At almost every doctor’s appointment, Hatcher said medical experts remind her that they have not overseen this type of pregnancy. Hatcher’s doctors said that her fetuses are developing at a similar and healthy pace. But because they can’t lean on experience, they are handling Hatcher’s pregnancy much like a twin pregnancy. […] „This is such a rare thing that we don’t have a lot of guidance,” Patel said.

• #71

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-double-uterus-expecting-2-babies-1-million/story?id=104846795

  Kelsey Hatcher, 32, was born with uterine didelphys, or double uterus. […] While uterine didelphys is rare on its own, the odds of being pregnant at the same time in each uterus are about „1 in a million,” according to Dr. Richard Davis, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Women Infants Center, where Hatcher is being treated. […] Neither of the doctors, nor anyone else at the university’s medical center, has ever cared for a patient carrying two pregnancies in two uteruses. […] „There’s no true expert out there who knows how to manage a patient with two uteruses and two babies, with one in each uterus,” Patel said. „So we really are relying on our baseline teaching and our baseline knowledge and the normal physiology of pregnancy that we understand, and applying it in her scenario.”

• #72

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-double-uterus-expecting-2-babies-1-million/story?id=104846795

  Kelsey Hatcher, 32, was born with uterine didelphys, or double uterus. […] While uterine didelphys is rare on its own, the odds of being pregnant at the same time in each uterus are about „1 in a million,” according to Dr. Richard Davis, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Women Infants Center, where Hatcher is being treated. […] Neither of the doctors, nor anyone else at the university’s medical center, has ever cared for a patient carrying two pregnancies in two uteruses. […] „There’s no true expert out there who knows how to manage a patient with two uteruses and two babies, with one in each uterus,” Patel said. „So we really are relying on our baseline teaching and our baseline knowledge and the normal physiology of pregnancy that we understand, and applying it in her scenario.”

• #73 Uterine Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/women/uterine-didelphys-double-uterus

  Uterine didelphys is a rare condition that happens when you grow two uteruses instead of one. This happens when you are a developing baby. […] Uterine didelphys can also happen with some rare conditions and other irregularities, including: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, which is when you have rare Mullerian duct anomalies. It may cause pelvic pain and cause one side of a double vagina to be blocked. […] Women with a double uterus can usually get pregnant. Its possible to carry your baby to full term, but with uterine didelphys, you have a greater risk of pregnancy complications. […] Some doctors disagree about whether women who have uterine didelphys should have a vaginal delivery or a C-section. The researchers of one review show that vaginal delivery is possible but feel that a C-section might be the safest. […] Uterine didelphys is a sexual organ irregularity that happens before birth. It can cause problems with pregnancy and delivery, and pain and heavy bleeding during menstruation, but lots of women never have any symptoms.

• #74 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The main reason for performing CS in a patient with uterine didelphys is the breech presentation or dystocia as a result of the obstruction of the pelvic entrance by the non-pregnant uterine cavity. […] A more complex analysis of the accumulated scientific data is needed to determine the optimal mode of delivery for this anomaly and to assess the risk of natural childbirth for the fetus or the mother.

• #75 Double uterus in young women delivered by Caesarean Section: five cases from South Sudan and Ethiopia

  http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/february-2022/double-uterus-in-young-women-delivered-by-caesarean-section-five-cases-from-south-sudan-and-ethiopia.html

  The presence of uterus didelphys does not commonly affect fertility rate. However, it does increase pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery, fetal malpresentation and placenta praevia, which in turn increase rates of Caesarean Section delivery. […] Unless indicated, uterus didelphys by itself is not an indication for Caesarean delivery, although its presence increases rates of Caesarean Section.

• #76 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The ability to conceive is not typically impaired, but pregnancy in uterus didelphys is often associated with reproductive failure. A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving more than 160,000 women, of which 3766 with congenital uterine anomalies, shows that uterus didelphys was not associated with decreased natural or assisted fertility and an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. The research establishes an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, low birth weight infants of less than 2500 g, and perinatal death. […] More than 80% of the pregnancies and childbirths in women with uterus didelphys end with a caesarean section but without immediate indication for it, research literature shows. […] Other research cases concluded that patients with congenital anomalies of the Mllerian ducts have a high Caesarean section (CS) rate (53%) which is highest (82%) in the uterus didelphys group.

• #77 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The ability to conceive is not typically impaired, but pregnancy in uterus didelphys is often associated with reproductive failure. A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving more than 160,000 women, of which 3766 with congenital uterine anomalies, shows that uterus didelphys was not associated with decreased natural or assisted fertility and an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. The research establishes an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, low birth weight infants of less than 2500 g, and perinatal death. […] More than 80% of the pregnancies and childbirths in women with uterus didelphys end with a caesarean section but without immediate indication for it, research literature shows. […] Other research cases concluded that patients with congenital anomalies of the Mllerian ducts have a high Caesarean section (CS) rate (53%) which is highest (82%) in the uterus didelphys group.

• #78 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The ability to conceive is not typically impaired, but pregnancy in uterus didelphys is often associated with reproductive failure. A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving more than 160,000 women, of which 3766 with congenital uterine anomalies, shows that uterus didelphys was not associated with decreased natural or assisted fertility and an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. The research establishes an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, low birth weight infants of less than 2500 g, and perinatal death. […] More than 80% of the pregnancies and childbirths in women with uterus didelphys end with a caesarean section but without immediate indication for it, research literature shows. […] Other research cases concluded that patients with congenital anomalies of the Mllerian ducts have a high Caesarean section (CS) rate (53%) which is highest (82%) in the uterus didelphys group.

• #79 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The main reason for performing CS in a patient with uterine didelphys is the breech presentation or dystocia as a result of the obstruction of the pelvic entrance by the non-pregnant uterine cavity. […] A more complex analysis of the accumulated scientific data is needed to determine the optimal mode of delivery for this anomaly and to assess the risk of natural childbirth for the fetus or the mother.

• #80 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The main reason for performing CS in a patient with uterine didelphys is the breech presentation or dystocia as a result of the obstruction of the pelvic entrance by the non-pregnant uterine cavity. […] A more complex analysis of the accumulated scientific data is needed to determine the optimal mode of delivery for this anomaly and to assess the risk of natural childbirth for the fetus or the mother.

• #81 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/BabyBumps/comments/19c9uvz/my_experience_so_far_with_uterine_didelphys/

  My OB has planned for me to have a C-section for a few reasons. First, our baby is breech, and their position is unlikely to change as there is just less room for the baby to maneuver into the correct position as it gets bigger. Next, she says that because my uterus is half the size, essentially it does not have the same pushing power as a normal uterus and she has found that people with Uterine Didelphys will usually end up with an emergency c-section if they first try to deliver vaginally. Finally, I still have my vaginal septum and there is a risk of tearing.

• #82 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/BabyBumps/comments/19c9uvz/my_experience_so_far_with_uterine_didelphys/

  My OB has planned for me to have a C-section for a few reasons. First, our baby is breech, and their position is unlikely to change as there is just less room for the baby to maneuver into the correct position as it gets bigger. Next, she says that because my uterus is half the size, essentially it does not have the same pushing power as a normal uterus and she has found that people with Uterine Didelphys will usually end up with an emergency c-section if they first try to deliver vaginally. Finally, I still have my vaginal septum and there is a risk of tearing.

• #83 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery. […] Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #84

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-double-uterus-expecting-2-babies-1-million/story?id=104846795

  Davis said the plan is to allow Hatcher to carry her pregnancy as long as both she and the babies are healthy. […] „Each uterus can contract on its own at different times,” Davis said. „It could be that one side contracts, and the other side is not doing anything.” […] Patel noted there are a „lot of different scenarios” for which the medical team is working with Hatcher to prepare ahead of her delivery.

• #85 Bicornuate uterus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicornuate_uterus

  Fetuses developing in bicornuate uteri are more likely to present breech or transverse, with the fetal head in one horn and the feet in the other. This will often necessitate cesarean delivery. If the fetus is vertex (head down), the two horns may not contract in coordination, or the horn that does not contain the pregnancy may interfere with contractions and descent of the fetus, causing obstructed labor.

• #86 Double Uterus with Single Cervix: A Case Report

  https://brieflands.com/articles/amhsr-64494

  Congenital abnormalities of the uterus occur due to inappropriate formation, fusion, or absorption (resorption) of mullerian duct in uterus. This condition occurs in 1% to 10% of the population, in 2% to 8% of women who are infertile, and in 5% to 30% of women with a history of abortion. […] True prevalence of uterine and other congenital anomalies in populations is unknown, but it is known to vary from 0.1% to 10%. In addition, in one study, 24.2% of women who had uterine anomalies were affected by uterus didelphys. Anomalies of urogenital system are associated with highest prevalence of failure of reproductive system and obstetric complications. […] However, some others mentioned that those with didelphic uterus have the best chance for a successful pregnancy (57%), with a fetal survival rate of 64%. Multifetal gestation in a didelphys uterus is very rare. […] Twin pregnancy management in a bicornis unicollis uterus must be individualized with respect to the management of the delivery and pregnancy. These actions should be done until further reported experience clarifies the ideal management.

• #87 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The main reason for performing CS in a patient with uterine didelphys is the breech presentation or dystocia as a result of the obstruction of the pelvic entrance by the non-pregnant uterine cavity. […] A more complex analysis of the accumulated scientific data is needed to determine the optimal mode of delivery for this anomaly and to assess the risk of natural childbirth for the fetus or the mother.

• #88 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but some present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a varying degree of longitudinal vaginal septum. […] Didelphys uterus was found to be the second least common at 8.3% of all MDAs. […] A didelphys uterus remains a very rare Mullerian duct anomaly in comparison to other anomalies described in the Buttram and Gibbons classification. […] The fertility of women with untreated didelphys uterus has been shown by some sources to be better than those with other Mullerian duct abnormalities but still less than women with normal uterine anatomy. […] The body of literature on didelphys uterus, although limited, generally shows that the anomaly may lead to better pregnancy outcomes in comparison to the other anomalies; however there are also studies that demonstrate the contrary.

• #89 Uterus didelphys: the first case report on molecular profiling of endometrial tissue from both uterine cavities | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-024-01330-7

  A didelphic uterus represents a unique and infrequent congenital condition in which a woman possesses two distinct uteri, each with its own cervix. This anomaly arises due to partial or incomplete merging of the Mllerian ducts during the developmental stages in the womb. Accounting for uterine malformations, a didelphic uterus is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 0.52% of the population and is considered one of the more uncommon types of uterine abnormalities. […] Given its low prevalence, routine screening is not indicated, and studies on this anomaly are scarce. Therefore, individual case assessment and personalized management are crucial. […] Women with uterus didelphys exhibit a lower clinical pregnancy rate, lower live-birth rate, and a higher rate of first-trimester pregnancy loss, highlighting the significant impact of this condition on reproductive outcomes. This case report represents a noteworthy contribution to the field by exploring critical aspects of endometrial quality, such as the microbiome, metabolome, endometrial receptivity, and associated inflammatory markers, to improve pregnancy outcomes in this under-researched pathology.

• #90 Uterus didelphys | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterus-didelphys?lang=us

  Didelphic uteri account for approximately ~8% (range 5-11%) of Mllerian duct anomalies. […] As with most uterine anatomical anomalies, there is an increased incidence of fertility issues, and Mllerian abnormalities, in general, are over-represented in infertile women. The chance of seeing a pregnancy to term is significantly reduced, down to only 20%, with a third of pregnancies ending in abortion and over half in premature deliveries. Only 40% of pregnancies resulted in living children. […] Along with unicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys has the greatest impact on reproductive performance.

• #91 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Your healthcare provider may diagnose a double uterus during a routine pelvic exam after feeling two cervixes or two vaginas. Theyll likely order additional imaging tests to confirm uterus didelphys. […] Imaging tests will be used to further examine the size and shape of your double uterus and confirm the diagnosis. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage.

• #92 Uterus Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23301-uterus-didelphys

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage. […] You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. […] The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery.

• #93 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The ability to conceive is not typically impaired, but pregnancy in uterus didelphys is often associated with reproductive failure. A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving more than 160,000 women, of which 3766 with congenital uterine anomalies, shows that uterus didelphys was not associated with decreased natural or assisted fertility and an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. The research establishes an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, low birth weight infants of less than 2500 g, and perinatal death. […] More than 80% of the pregnancies and childbirths in women with uterus didelphys end with a caesarean section but without immediate indication for it, research literature shows. […] Other research cases concluded that patients with congenital anomalies of the Mllerian ducts have a high Caesarean section (CS) rate (53%) which is highest (82%) in the uterus didelphys group.

• #94 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The ability to conceive is not typically impaired, but pregnancy in uterus didelphys is often associated with reproductive failure. A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving more than 160,000 women, of which 3766 with congenital uterine anomalies, shows that uterus didelphys was not associated with decreased natural or assisted fertility and an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. The research establishes an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, low birth weight infants of less than 2500 g, and perinatal death. […] More than 80% of the pregnancies and childbirths in women with uterus didelphys end with a caesarean section but without immediate indication for it, research literature shows. […] Other research cases concluded that patients with congenital anomalies of the Mllerian ducts have a high Caesarean section (CS) rate (53%) which is highest (82%) in the uterus didelphys group.

• #95 How Does Didelphys Uterus Affect Pregnancy?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/womens-health/didelphys-uterus

  Uterus didelphys is a congenital anomaly of the womb, affecting 0.03-0.1 percent of the population. […] Didelphys uterus normally does not affect the ability to become pregnant. However, it can cause some complications like preterm labor (labor occurring before 37 weeks of pregnancy) and an increased risk of miscarriages. […] The percentage of females with didelphys uterus is different, and it varies in different geographical areas. The rate of the condition is between 0.1 to 3.5 percent. […] Didelphys does not affect the ability to get pregnant, but it can cause many complications during pregnancy. The complications caused due to didelphys uterus include early labor, breech position of the baby leading to C-section, frequent miscarriage, and intrauterine growth restrictions.

• #96 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but some present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a varying degree of longitudinal vaginal septum. […] Didelphys uterus was found to be the second least common at 8.3% of all MDAs. […] A didelphys uterus remains a very rare Mullerian duct anomaly in comparison to other anomalies described in the Buttram and Gibbons classification. […] The fertility of women with untreated didelphys uterus has been shown by some sources to be better than those with other Mullerian duct abnormalities but still less than women with normal uterine anatomy. […] The body of literature on didelphys uterus, although limited, generally shows that the anomaly may lead to better pregnancy outcomes in comparison to the other anomalies; however there are also studies that demonstrate the contrary.

• #97 Uterus didelphys: the first case report on molecular profiling of endometrial tissue from both uterine cavities | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-024-01330-7

  A didelphic uterus represents a unique and infrequent congenital condition in which a woman possesses two distinct uteri, each with its own cervix. This anomaly arises due to partial or incomplete merging of the Mllerian ducts during the developmental stages in the womb. Accounting for uterine malformations, a didelphic uterus is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 0.52% of the population and is considered one of the more uncommon types of uterine abnormalities. […] Given its low prevalence, routine screening is not indicated, and studies on this anomaly are scarce. Therefore, individual case assessment and personalized management are crucial. […] Women with uterus didelphys exhibit a lower clinical pregnancy rate, lower live-birth rate, and a higher rate of first-trimester pregnancy loss, highlighting the significant impact of this condition on reproductive outcomes. This case report represents a noteworthy contribution to the field by exploring critical aspects of endometrial quality, such as the microbiome, metabolome, endometrial receptivity, and associated inflammatory markers, to improve pregnancy outcomes in this under-researched pathology.

• #98 Uterus didelphys – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus_didelphys

  In the United States, uterus didelphys is reported to occur in 0.10.5% of women. It is difficult to know the exact occurrence of this anomaly, as it may go undetected in the absence of medical and reproductive complications. […] Uterus didelphys, in certain studies, has also been found associated with higher rate of infertility, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, and postpartum bleed.

• #99

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  The role of imaging is to help detect, diagnose and distinguish surgically correctable forms of mullerian malformations from inoperable forms. […] Uterus didelphys has been associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor and postpartum bleed. […] In patients presenting with palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos), mullerian duct anomalies must be excluded. […] Early diagnosis of this condition with appropriate surgical intervention decreases the long term morbidity.

• #100 Uterus Didelphys: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23301-uterus-didelphys

  Uterus didelphys is rare and only affects about 0.3% of the population. Its one of the least common uterine abnormalities. […] Yes, uterus didelphys can impact your pregnancy. People with a double uterus are at increased risk for miscarriage and preterm birth but can have healthy pregnancies. […] Uterus didelphys can cause infertility in some people. In most cases, the shape of your uterus doesnt prevent you from conceiving or getting pregnant. However, it does increase your risk for miscarriage. […] You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. […] The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery.

• #101 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Mllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. […] The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 5.5%, 8.0% in women with infertility, 13.3% of the population with abortions, and reaches 24.5% in patients with abortions and infertility. […] Uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly and accounts for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 0.3% of the total population. In the population of women with a history of abortion and infertility, its rate of occurrence is more frequent in 2.1%.

• #102 Uterus didelphys | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterus-didelphys?lang=us

  Didelphic uteri account for approximately ~8% (range 5-11%) of Mllerian duct anomalies. […] As with most uterine anatomical anomalies, there is an increased incidence of fertility issues, and Mllerian abnormalities, in general, are over-represented in infertile women. The chance of seeing a pregnancy to term is significantly reduced, down to only 20%, with a third of pregnancies ending in abortion and over half in premature deliveries. Only 40% of pregnancies resulted in living children. […] Along with unicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys has the greatest impact on reproductive performance.

• #103 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery. […] Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #104 Uterus didelphys | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterus-didelphys?lang=us

  Didelphic uteri account for approximately ~8% (range 5-11%) of Mllerian duct anomalies. […] As with most uterine anatomical anomalies, there is an increased incidence of fertility issues, and Mllerian abnormalities, in general, are over-represented in infertile women. The chance of seeing a pregnancy to term is significantly reduced, down to only 20%, with a third of pregnancies ending in abortion and over half in premature deliveries. Only 40% of pregnancies resulted in living children. […] Along with unicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys has the greatest impact on reproductive performance.

• #105 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery. […] Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #106 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery. […] Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #107 Bicornuate uterus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicornuate_uterus

  Fetuses developing in bicornuate uteri are more likely to present breech or transverse, with the fetal head in one horn and the feet in the other. This will often necessitate cesarean delivery. If the fetus is vertex (head down), the two horns may not contract in coordination, or the horn that does not contain the pregnancy may interfere with contractions and descent of the fetus, causing obstructed labor.

• #108 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The ability to conceive is not typically impaired, but pregnancy in uterus didelphys is often associated with reproductive failure. A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving more than 160,000 women, of which 3766 with congenital uterine anomalies, shows that uterus didelphys was not associated with decreased natural or assisted fertility and an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. The research establishes an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, low birth weight infants of less than 2500 g, and perinatal death. […] More than 80% of the pregnancies and childbirths in women with uterus didelphys end with a caesarean section but without immediate indication for it, research literature shows. […] Other research cases concluded that patients with congenital anomalies of the Mllerian ducts have a high Caesarean section (CS) rate (53%) which is highest (82%) in the uterus didelphys group.

• #109 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery. […] Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #110 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  Uterus didelphys is a rare form of congenital anomaly of the Mllerian ducts. The clinical significance of this anomaly of the female reproductive tract is associated with various reproductive issues: increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, abnormal fetal presentation, delivery by caesarean section, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, low birth weight less than 2500 g, and perinatal mortality. […] The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 5.5%, 8.0% in women with infertility, 13.3% of the population with abortions, and reaches 24.5% in patients with abortions and infertility. […] Uterus didelphys is a rare anomaly and accounts for 8% of the congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 0.3% of the total population. In the population of women with a history of abortion and infertility, its rate of occurrence is more frequent in 2.1%.

• #111 Uterine Didelphys | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/congenital-abnormalities/uterine-didelphys/

  You are at greater risk for pregnancy complications if you have a double uterus. The pregnancy complications associated with a double uterus are: Miscarriage, Early labor, Breech babies, Cesarean birth, Low birth weight, Growth restriction, Torn vaginal septum at the time of vaginal delivery. […] Most people who have a double uterus lead healthy lives and dont have any significant health complications. The following risks are associated with a double uterus: Complications during pregnancy including miscarriage and premature birth, Increased risk for cesarean section due to because your baby isnt well positioned for birth.

• #112 Pregnancy and Childbirth in Uterus Didelphys: A Report of Three Cases

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7231278/

  The ability to conceive is not typically impaired, but pregnancy in uterus didelphys is often associated with reproductive failure. A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving more than 160,000 women, of which 3766 with congenital uterine anomalies, shows that uterus didelphys was not associated with decreased natural or assisted fertility and an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions. The research establishes an increased risk of preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus, low birth weight infants of less than 2500 g, and perinatal death. […] More than 80% of the pregnancies and childbirths in women with uterus didelphys end with a caesarean section but without immediate indication for it, research literature shows. […] Other research cases concluded that patients with congenital anomalies of the Mllerian ducts have a high Caesarean section (CS) rate (53%) which is highest (82%) in the uterus didelphys group.

• #113 Bicornuate Uterus and Pregnancy | Advanced OB-GYN Care

  https://www.draliabadi.com/obstetrics/high-risk-obstetrics/bicornate-uterus/

  About 1 in 200 women are estimated to have a bicornuate uterus. […] Incomplete fusion of the Mullerian or paramesonephric ducts results in the most common types of uterine malformation, such as the septate uterus, unicornuate uterus, and bicornuate uterus. […] These uterine malformations are rare but known to be associated with infertility, pregnancy loss, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm deliveries, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, breech presentation, and an increased rate of cesarean section. […] If you have a bicornuate uterus and become pregnant, your condition could be considered a high-risk pregnancy. […] This means the pregnancy would be monitored more often with increased check-ups on the health and progress of the baby for the best pregnancy outcome. […] Most women with a bicornuate womb have no extra difficulties with conception or in early pregnancy, but there is a slightly higher risk of miscarriage and preterm birth.

• #114 Bicornuate Uterus and Pregnancy | Advanced OB-GYN Care

  https://www.draliabadi.com/obstetrics/high-risk-obstetrics/bicornate-uterus/

  About 1 in 200 women are estimated to have a bicornuate uterus. […] Incomplete fusion of the Mullerian or paramesonephric ducts results in the most common types of uterine malformation, such as the septate uterus, unicornuate uterus, and bicornuate uterus. […] These uterine malformations are rare but known to be associated with infertility, pregnancy loss, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm deliveries, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, breech presentation, and an increased rate of cesarean section. […] If you have a bicornuate uterus and become pregnant, your condition could be considered a high-risk pregnancy. […] This means the pregnancy would be monitored more often with increased check-ups on the health and progress of the baby for the best pregnancy outcome. […] Most women with a bicornuate womb have no extra difficulties with conception or in early pregnancy, but there is a slightly higher risk of miscarriage and preterm birth.

• #115 Double uterus in young women delivered by Caesarean Section: five cases from South Sudan and Ethiopia

  http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/february-2022/double-uterus-in-young-women-delivered-by-caesarean-section-five-cases-from-south-sudan-and-ethiopia.html

  The presence of uterus didelphys does not commonly affect fertility rate. However, it does increase pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery, fetal malpresentation and placenta praevia, which in turn increase rates of Caesarean Section delivery. […] Unless indicated, uterus didelphys by itself is not an indication for Caesarean delivery, although its presence increases rates of Caesarean Section.

• #116 Bicornuate uterus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicornuate_uterus

  The occurrence of all types of paramesonephric duct abnormalities in women is estimated around 0.4%. A bicornuate uterus occur in 0.4% of the general population. […] A bicornuate uterus is an indication for increased surveillance of a pregnancy, though most women with a bicornuate uterus are able to have healthy pregnancies. Women with a bicornuate uterus are at an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, malpresentation, disruptions to fetal growth, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa and retained placenta (which can lead to postpartum hemorrhage). This is due to the distortion of the normal shape of the uterus, distortion of the cervix leading to cervical insufficiency, or under-vascularization of the endometrium as the pregnancy requires more blood supply. In some cases, the nonpregnant horn can rupture during labor, necessitating emergency surgery.

• #117 Uterus didelphys | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterus-didelphys?lang=us

  Didelphic uteri account for approximately ~8% (range 5-11%) of Mllerian duct anomalies. […] As with most uterine anatomical anomalies, there is an increased incidence of fertility issues, and Mllerian abnormalities, in general, are over-represented in infertile women. The chance of seeing a pregnancy to term is significantly reduced, down to only 20%, with a third of pregnancies ending in abortion and over half in premature deliveries. Only 40% of pregnancies resulted in living children. […] Along with unicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys has the greatest impact on reproductive performance.

• #118 Double Uterus: Symptoms, Pregnancy, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/double-uterus

  A double uterus is a rare abnormality that develops when a baby girl is in her mothers womb. […] Its entirely possible for women with a double uterus to carry a baby to term. However, the condition does come with an increased risk of miscarriage or premature labor. […] Having a double uterus doesnt usually cause a woman any problems for actually getting pregnant. Sometimes the shape of the uterus that the fetus has implanted in leads to miscarriage. As well, women with a double uterus generally have smaller uteri, which can lead to preterm labor. […] If youve had recurrent miscarriages, you may be offered surgery, which can increase your chances of carrying to term. […] A review of the literature suggests that while its possible to carry multiples with a double uterus, fertility rates are still lower than those of women with a normal uterus. There is an increased risk of miscarriage, poor growth in the womb, and prematurity. Research shows that the chances of having a premature birth increase by up to 45 percent for women with a double uterus.

• #119 Bicornuate uterus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicornuate_uterus

  The occurrence of all types of paramesonephric duct abnormalities in women is estimated around 0.4%. A bicornuate uterus occur in 0.4% of the general population. […] A bicornuate uterus is an indication for increased surveillance of a pregnancy, though most women with a bicornuate uterus are able to have healthy pregnancies. Women with a bicornuate uterus are at an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, malpresentation, disruptions to fetal growth, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa and retained placenta (which can lead to postpartum hemorrhage). This is due to the distortion of the normal shape of the uterus, distortion of the cervix leading to cervical insufficiency, or under-vascularization of the endometrium as the pregnancy requires more blood supply. In some cases, the nonpregnant horn can rupture during labor, necessitating emergency surgery.

• #120 Bethany’s Story

  https://www.hshs.org/st-vincent-childrens/patient-stories/bethany-s-story

  As a young woman attending college in 2009, Bethany of Green Bay, was beyond surprised to learn from her doctors that she had a health abnormality known as uterine didelphys. The extremely rare condition, also called a double uterus, is often not detected because it doesnt always create physical problems for women. For some women though, like Bethany, it can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy contributing to miscarriages and premature labor. […] Double uterus often means both uteruses are smaller than normal, given the limited space inside the womans body. Bethanys doctors said if pregnancy does occur, often times infants will outgrow the space within the smaller uterus, creating a challenge for mothers to carry their child to full term. Therefore, their children are frequently born premature.

• #121 Uterine Didelphys: Living With This Congenital Disorder Where Women Are Born With Double Uterus | TheHealthSite.com

  https://www.thehealthsite.com/diseases-conditions/uterine-didelphys-living-with-this-congenital-disorder-where-women-are-born-with-double-uterus-909874/

  Being the least common uterine abnormalities, the condition is known to affect 0.3 per cent of the population. […] The condition is a congenital disorder and healthcare workers to this day are not very sure about the causes of the condition. […] Usually, the shape of the uterus will not prevent you from conceiving but sometimes the reduced size of the uterus might restrict the growth of the fetus.

• #122

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-rare-double-uterus-birth-twin-girls/story?id=105899890

  Hatcher was born with two uteruses and two cervixes, a rare condition also known as uterine didelphys, or double uterus. The condition, present in only 0.3% of people with uteruses, develops when the reproductive organs form differently in an embryo. […] The odds of being pregnant at the same time in each uterus are about „1 in a million,” according to Dr. Richard Davis, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Women Infants Center, where Hatcher was treated during her pregnancy and delivery. […] According to both Davis and Dr. Shweta Patel, the OB-GYN who cared for Kelsey Hatcher, the two babies are considered fraternal twins.

• #123

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-double-uterus-expecting-2-babies-1-million/story?id=104846795

  Kelsey Hatcher, 32, was born with uterine didelphys, or double uterus. […] While uterine didelphys is rare on its own, the odds of being pregnant at the same time in each uterus are about „1 in a million,” according to Dr. Richard Davis, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Women Infants Center, where Hatcher is being treated. […] Neither of the doctors, nor anyone else at the university’s medical center, has ever cared for a patient carrying two pregnancies in two uteruses. […] „There’s no true expert out there who knows how to manage a patient with two uteruses and two babies, with one in each uterus,” Patel said. „So we really are relying on our baseline teaching and our baseline knowledge and the normal physiology of pregnancy that we understand, and applying it in her scenario.”

• #124 1 in 50 Million Chance: US Woman With Rare Double Uterus Is Pregnant in Both : ScienceAlert

  https://www.sciencealert.com/1-in-50-million-chance-us-woman-with-rare-double-uterus-is-pregnant-in-both

  Kelsey Hatcher, who is documenting her story on her Instagram account „doubleuhatchlings,” knew from the age of 17 she has „uterus didelphys,” a rare condition where a person has a double uterus, thought to affect about 0.3 percent of females. […] Pregnancies in both uteruses are exceedingly rare Hatcher said she was told the odds were 1 in 50 million with the last widely known case occurring in Bangladesh in 2019 when Arifa Sultana, then 20, gave birth to healthy twins 26 days apart.

• #125 How can a woman with two uteruses bear children from both? | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/woman-two-uteruses-twin-babies/

  One in about every 2,000 women worldwide have the condition. […] About one in 25,000 women with uterus didelphys gets pregnant with twins, one to each uterus. […] Most women aren’t even aware they have the condition until they become pregnant and get an ultrasound exam, a test that uses sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body. […] Normally, women with two uteruses don’t have problems getting pregnant, but in some cases it might be harder. […] About 60 percent of all twins are born prematurely. […] Yes, both uteruses go into labor at the same time, so the babies would likely be born within minutes of one another.

• #126

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-rare-double-uterus-birth-twin-girls/story?id=105899890

  Hatcher was born with two uteruses and two cervixes, a rare condition also known as uterine didelphys, or double uterus. The condition, present in only 0.3% of people with uteruses, develops when the reproductive organs form differently in an embryo. […] The odds of being pregnant at the same time in each uterus are about „1 in a million,” according to Dr. Richard Davis, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Women Infants Center, where Hatcher was treated during her pregnancy and delivery. […] According to both Davis and Dr. Shweta Patel, the OB-GYN who cared for Kelsey Hatcher, the two babies are considered fraternal twins.

• #127

  https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/mom-double-uterus-expecting-2-babies-1-million/story?id=104846795

  Davis said the plan is to allow Hatcher to carry her pregnancy as long as both she and the babies are healthy. […] „Each uterus can contract on its own at different times,” Davis said. „It could be that one side contracts, and the other side is not doing anything.” […] Patel noted there are a „lot of different scenarios” for which the medical team is working with Hatcher to prepare ahead of her delivery.

• #128 Alabama woman with two uteruses gives birth twice in two days | Alabama | The Guardian

  https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/23/alabama-double-uterus-twins-delivery

  Hatcher was first diagnosed with uterus didelphys, or a double uterus, at the age of 17. The condition is a rare uterine anomaly seen in only 0.3% of women. […] Hatcher required twice the monitoring and charting given her double uteruses and twice the amount of hospital staff.

• #129 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus has been shown in many case reports to occur as a part of a syndrome, more specifically called, Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome, also known as obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA). […] Overall, the literature available on the didelphys uterus is quite limited at the present time. Therefore more studies are needed in order to better determine the reproductive and gestational outcomes, so that clinicians can adequately advise and care for their patients.

• #130 Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4576003/

  A didelphys uterus has been shown in many case reports to occur as a part of a syndrome, more specifically called, Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome, also known as obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA). […] Overall, the literature available on the didelphys uterus is quite limited at the present time. Therefore more studies are needed in order to better determine the reproductive and gestational outcomes, so that clinicians can adequately advise and care for their patients.

• #131 Painful Periods and a Double Uterus: A Teen’s Struggle With Mullerian Anomalies > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/mullerian-anomalies-ohvira

  It remains unclear what causes OHVIRA and other types of Mullerian anomalies. But Dr. Vash-Margita and several doctors and researchers have established an international consortium dedicated to investigating the genetic and environmental causes of these conditions. […] The team is running a clinical trial in which they are conducting whole genome sequencing in patients who have Mullerian anomalies.

• #132 Painful Periods and a Double Uterus: A Teen’s Struggle With Mullerian Anomalies > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/mullerian-anomalies-ohvira

  It remains unclear what causes OHVIRA and other types of Mullerian anomalies. But Dr. Vash-Margita and several doctors and researchers have established an international consortium dedicated to investigating the genetic and environmental causes of these conditions. […] The team is running a clinical trial in which they are conducting whole genome sequencing in patients who have Mullerian anomalies.

• #133 Uterus didelphys: the first case report on molecular profiling of endometrial tissue from both uterine cavities | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-024-01330-7

  A didelphic uterus represents a unique and infrequent congenital condition in which a woman possesses two distinct uteri, each with its own cervix. This anomaly arises due to partial or incomplete merging of the Mllerian ducts during the developmental stages in the womb. Accounting for uterine malformations, a didelphic uterus is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 0.52% of the population and is considered one of the more uncommon types of uterine abnormalities. […] Given its low prevalence, routine screening is not indicated, and studies on this anomaly are scarce. Therefore, individual case assessment and personalized management are crucial. […] Women with uterus didelphys exhibit a lower clinical pregnancy rate, lower live-birth rate, and a higher rate of first-trimester pregnancy loss, highlighting the significant impact of this condition on reproductive outcomes. This case report represents a noteworthy contribution to the field by exploring critical aspects of endometrial quality, such as the microbiome, metabolome, endometrial receptivity, and associated inflammatory markers, to improve pregnancy outcomes in this under-researched pathology.

• #134 Uterus didelphys: the first case report on molecular profiling of endometrial tissue from both uterine cavities | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-024-01330-7

  The physical separation of two uterine cavities in the uterus didelphys seems to participate in the differentiation in terms of the microenvironmental composition demonstrated by immunological factor MUM1 and microbiome. […] Despite this, endometrial receptivity status was consistent across both endometrial samples, classified as early/mid-receptive. […] In scenarios such as embryo implantation failure in a didelphys uterus, if supported by larger studies, the possibility of independent endometrial status in each uterine cavity, as indicated by this clinical case, would necessitate separate assessments and considerations. These would include endometrial sampling and microbiological studies for each cavity, a practice that is not currently part of standard clinical protocols.

• #135 Uterus didelphys: the first case report on molecular profiling of endometrial tissue from both uterine cavities | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-024-01330-7

  The physical separation of two uterine cavities in the uterus didelphys seems to participate in the differentiation in terms of the microenvironmental composition demonstrated by immunological factor MUM1 and microbiome. […] Despite this, endometrial receptivity status was consistent across both endometrial samples, classified as early/mid-receptive. […] In scenarios such as embryo implantation failure in a didelphys uterus, if supported by larger studies, the possibility of independent endometrial status in each uterine cavity, as indicated by this clinical case, would necessitate separate assessments and considerations. These would include endometrial sampling and microbiological studies for each cavity, a practice that is not currently part of standard clinical protocols.

• #136 Uterus didelphys: the first case report on molecular profiling of endometrial tissue from both uterine cavities | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Full Text

  https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-024-01330-7

  The physical separation of two uterine cavities in the uterus didelphys seems to participate in the differentiation in terms of the microenvironmental composition demonstrated by immunological factor MUM1 and microbiome. […] Despite this, endometrial receptivity status was consistent across both endometrial samples, classified as early/mid-receptive. […] In scenarios such as embryo implantation failure in a didelphys uterus, if supported by larger studies, the possibility of independent endometrial status in each uterine cavity, as indicated by this clinical case, would necessitate separate assessments and considerations. These would include endometrial sampling and microbiological studies for each cavity, a practice that is not currently part of standard clinical protocols.

• #137 Embryo transfer can be performed in either uterine horn. Two successive pregnancies in a patient with uterus didelphys: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-021-02884-5

  Uterus didelphys results from a failure in Mullerian duct fusion and may be associated with complete or partial vaginal septa. Most cases of uterus didelphys are discovered incidentally during the workup of infertility or recurrent miscarriage. The incidence of uterus didelphys has been reported to be 0.2% in the infertile population. […] The prevalence of uterine anomalies is 6.7% in the general population and approximately 7.3% in the infertile population. […] Due to the extreme rarity of this condition, only few reports describe how to deal with this case regarding embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Embryo transfer should be done to each uterine horn in women with didelphys anomaly, making it easy for the infertility specialist to consider a single embryo transfer. […] Pregnancy is possible in women with uterus didelphys using single embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles. It is recommended that both horns be given a chance, especially in difficult cases in which the estimated cervix is reached during embryo transfer. The initial detailed ultrasound is considered beneficial in such women to choose which horn is a better choice for embryo transfer and to exclude any other abnormalities that might interfere with implantation. Hence, an embryo can be transplanted into either uterine horn.

• #138 Embryo transfer can be performed in either uterine horn. Two successive pregnancies in a patient with uterus didelphys: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-021-02884-5

  Uterus didelphys results from a failure in Mullerian duct fusion and may be associated with complete or partial vaginal septa. Most cases of uterus didelphys are discovered incidentally during the workup of infertility or recurrent miscarriage. The incidence of uterus didelphys has been reported to be 0.2% in the infertile population. […] The prevalence of uterine anomalies is 6.7% in the general population and approximately 7.3% in the infertile population. […] Due to the extreme rarity of this condition, only few reports describe how to deal with this case regarding embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Embryo transfer should be done to each uterine horn in women with didelphys anomaly, making it easy for the infertility specialist to consider a single embryo transfer. […] Pregnancy is possible in women with uterus didelphys using single embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles. It is recommended that both horns be given a chance, especially in difficult cases in which the estimated cervix is reached during embryo transfer. The initial detailed ultrasound is considered beneficial in such women to choose which horn is a better choice for embryo transfer and to exclude any other abnormalities that might interfere with implantation. Hence, an embryo can be transplanted into either uterine horn.

• #139 Embryo transfer can be performed in either uterine horn. Two successive pregnancies in a patient with uterus didelphys: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-021-02884-5

  Uterus didelphys results from a failure in Mullerian duct fusion and may be associated with complete or partial vaginal septa. Most cases of uterus didelphys are discovered incidentally during the workup of infertility or recurrent miscarriage. The incidence of uterus didelphys has been reported to be 0.2% in the infertile population. […] The prevalence of uterine anomalies is 6.7% in the general population and approximately 7.3% in the infertile population. […] Due to the extreme rarity of this condition, only few reports describe how to deal with this case regarding embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Embryo transfer should be done to each uterine horn in women with didelphys anomaly, making it easy for the infertility specialist to consider a single embryo transfer. […] Pregnancy is possible in women with uterus didelphys using single embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles. It is recommended that both horns be given a chance, especially in difficult cases in which the estimated cervix is reached during embryo transfer. The initial detailed ultrasound is considered beneficial in such women to choose which horn is a better choice for embryo transfer and to exclude any other abnormalities that might interfere with implantation. Hence, an embryo can be transplanted into either uterine horn.

• #140 Embryo transfer can be performed in either uterine horn. Two successive pregnancies in a patient with uterus didelphys: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-021-02884-5

  Uterus didelphys results from a failure in Mullerian duct fusion and may be associated with complete or partial vaginal septa. Most cases of uterus didelphys are discovered incidentally during the workup of infertility or recurrent miscarriage. The incidence of uterus didelphys has been reported to be 0.2% in the infertile population. […] The prevalence of uterine anomalies is 6.7% in the general population and approximately 7.3% in the infertile population. […] Due to the extreme rarity of this condition, only few reports describe how to deal with this case regarding embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Embryo transfer should be done to each uterine horn in women with didelphys anomaly, making it easy for the infertility specialist to consider a single embryo transfer. […] Pregnancy is possible in women with uterus didelphys using single embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles. It is recommended that both horns be given a chance, especially in difficult cases in which the estimated cervix is reached during embryo transfer. The initial detailed ultrasound is considered beneficial in such women to choose which horn is a better choice for embryo transfer and to exclude any other abnormalities that might interfere with implantation. Hence, an embryo can be transplanted into either uterine horn.

• #141 One successful intrauterine device into a uterus didelphys: a case report and literature review

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/6/38/full/

  Uterus didelphys represents a uterus malformation where the uterus is present as a double organ due to embryonic fusion failure of the mullerian ducts. […] This congenital malformation used to be a controversial contraindication of an intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. […] Anatomical uterine disorder is a category 4 WHO medical eligibility for IUDs use, meaning a condition which represents an unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method is used. […] It is contraindicated because of its association with a high risk of malposition into the uterus, uterine perforation and its migration into the abdominal cavity and viscera. […] However, women with such conditions also have the right to use effective contraceptive methods and an IUD use has been suggested in known and individualized women.

• #142 One successful intrauterine device into a uterus didelphys: a case report and literature review

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/6/38/full/

  Uterus didelphys represents a uterus malformation where the uterus is present as a double organ due to embryonic fusion failure of the mullerian ducts. […] This congenital malformation used to be a controversial contraindication of an intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. […] Anatomical uterine disorder is a category 4 WHO medical eligibility for IUDs use, meaning a condition which represents an unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method is used. […] It is contraindicated because of its association with a high risk of malposition into the uterus, uterine perforation and its migration into the abdominal cavity and viscera. […] However, women with such conditions also have the right to use effective contraceptive methods and an IUD use has been suggested in known and individualized women.

• #143 One successful intrauterine device into a uterus didelphys: a case report and literature review

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/6/38/full/

  Uterus didelphys represents a uterus malformation where the uterus is present as a double organ due to embryonic fusion failure of the mullerian ducts. […] This congenital malformation used to be a controversial contraindication of an intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. […] Anatomical uterine disorder is a category 4 WHO medical eligibility for IUDs use, meaning a condition which represents an unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method is used. […] It is contraindicated because of its association with a high risk of malposition into the uterus, uterine perforation and its migration into the abdominal cavity and viscera. […] However, women with such conditions also have the right to use effective contraceptive methods and an IUD use has been suggested in known and individualized women.

• #144 One successful intrauterine device into a uterus didelphys: a case report and literature review

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/6/38/full/

  However, this contraindication has been controversial for some authors suggesting that IUDs can still be inserted in selective and known patients with such a condition; and have successfully inserted them into the uterus didelphys. […] However, in all literature we read through, all authors were using two IUDs into didelphys uterus. […] Since then she does not experience anymore dysmenorrhea and not getting pregnant. […] LNG-IUD is a long acting high effective and reversible form of contraception. […] Considering this mechanism and high LNG concentration in the pelvis, we thought using only one LNG-IUD might be sufficient to achieve an effective contraception for two uteri, inversely to other authors we read through using a LNG-device in each uterus. […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but may present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a vaginal septum and/or an endometriosis. […] This is a case report of a 35 year-old woman, P4 +6, with uterus didelphys using successfully one LNG-IUD contraceptive.

• #145 One successful intrauterine device into a uterus didelphys: a case report and literature review

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/6/38/full/

  However, this contraindication has been controversial for some authors suggesting that IUDs can still be inserted in selective and known patients with such a condition; and have successfully inserted them into the uterus didelphys. […] However, in all literature we read through, all authors were using two IUDs into didelphys uterus. […] Since then she does not experience anymore dysmenorrhea and not getting pregnant. […] LNG-IUD is a long acting high effective and reversible form of contraception. […] Considering this mechanism and high LNG concentration in the pelvis, we thought using only one LNG-IUD might be sufficient to achieve an effective contraception for two uteri, inversely to other authors we read through using a LNG-device in each uterus. […] Most women with a didelphys uterus are asymptomatic, but may present with dyspareunia or dysmenorrhea in the presence of a vaginal septum and/or an endometriosis. […] This is a case report of a 35 year-old woman, P4 +6, with uterus didelphys using successfully one LNG-IUD contraceptive.

• #146 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Based on literature review, the best long-term outcome in such uterine anomalies is achieved with an early diagnosis, complete evaluation, clear understanding of the anomaly, mobilization of appropriate surgical resources, sufficient preoperative counseling, and planned surgical intervention if necessary. […] Patients with uterus didelphys belong to a high-risk group and deserve meticulous prenatal care. Full diagnosis and evaluation of the anomaly is necessary and important in order to plan for delivery appropriately.

• #147

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  The role of imaging is to help detect, diagnose and distinguish surgically correctable forms of mullerian malformations from inoperable forms. […] Uterus didelphys has been associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor and postpartum bleed. […] In patients presenting with palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos), mullerian duct anomalies must be excluded. […] Early diagnosis of this condition with appropriate surgical intervention decreases the long term morbidity.

• #148 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Based on literature review, the best long-term outcome in such uterine anomalies is achieved with an early diagnosis, complete evaluation, clear understanding of the anomaly, mobilization of appropriate surgical resources, sufficient preoperative counseling, and planned surgical intervention if necessary. […] Patients with uterus didelphys belong to a high-risk group and deserve meticulous prenatal care. Full diagnosis and evaluation of the anomaly is necessary and important in order to plan for delivery appropriately.

• #149 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Based on literature review, the best long-term outcome in such uterine anomalies is achieved with an early diagnosis, complete evaluation, clear understanding of the anomaly, mobilization of appropriate surgical resources, sufficient preoperative counseling, and planned surgical intervention if necessary. […] Patients with uterus didelphys belong to a high-risk group and deserve meticulous prenatal care. Full diagnosis and evaluation of the anomaly is necessary and important in order to plan for delivery appropriately.

• #150 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Based on literature review, the best long-term outcome in such uterine anomalies is achieved with an early diagnosis, complete evaluation, clear understanding of the anomaly, mobilization of appropriate surgical resources, sufficient preoperative counseling, and planned surgical intervention if necessary. […] Patients with uterus didelphys belong to a high-risk group and deserve meticulous prenatal care. Full diagnosis and evaluation of the anomaly is necessary and important in order to plan for delivery appropriately.

• #151 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Based on literature review, the best long-term outcome in such uterine anomalies is achieved with an early diagnosis, complete evaluation, clear understanding of the anomaly, mobilization of appropriate surgical resources, sufficient preoperative counseling, and planned surgical intervention if necessary. […] Patients with uterus didelphys belong to a high-risk group and deserve meticulous prenatal care. Full diagnosis and evaluation of the anomaly is necessary and important in order to plan for delivery appropriately.

• #152 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Based on literature review, the best long-term outcome in such uterine anomalies is achieved with an early diagnosis, complete evaluation, clear understanding of the anomaly, mobilization of appropriate surgical resources, sufficient preoperative counseling, and planned surgical intervention if necessary. […] Patients with uterus didelphys belong to a high-risk group and deserve meticulous prenatal care. Full diagnosis and evaluation of the anomaly is necessary and important in order to plan for delivery appropriately.

• #153

  https://www.omjournal.org/articleDetails.aspx?coType=1&aId=176

  The role of imaging is to help detect, diagnose and distinguish surgically correctable forms of mullerian malformations from inoperable forms. […] Uterus didelphys has been associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor and postpartum bleed. […] In patients presenting with palpable abdominal, pelvic or vaginal mass (mucocolpos or pyocolpos), mullerian duct anomalies must be excluded. […] Early diagnosis of this condition with appropriate surgical intervention decreases the long term morbidity.

• #154 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Uterine didelphys is a congenital defect of the female genital system that arises from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common Mullerian duct anomalies. […] Most sources estimated the incidence of these abnormalities to be from 0.5% to 5% of the general population of females. […] It is generally accepted that having a uterine anomaly is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as, increased likelihood of premature labor, spontaneous abortion, cesarean delivery (due to fetal positioning), and/or decreased live births in comparison to those with a normal uterine anatomy. […] We recommend discussing the routes of delivery as well as gestational age of delivery early in the antepartum period in patients with a Mullerian anomaly. Early planning would facilitate the proper resources to be available at the time of delivery to minimize possible maternal and fetal adverse outcomes.

• #155 A Case Report on an 18-Year-Old Primigravida Patient With Uterine Didelphys | Narula | Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

  https://jcgo.org/index.php/jcgo/article/view/818/506

  Based on literature review, the best long-term outcome in such uterine anomalies is achieved with an early diagnosis, complete evaluation, clear understanding of the anomaly, mobilization of appropriate surgical resources, sufficient preoperative counseling, and planned surgical intervention if necessary. […] Patients with uterus didelphys belong to a high-risk group and deserve meticulous prenatal care. Full diagnosis and evaluation of the anomaly is necessary and important in order to plan for delivery appropriately.

• #156

  https://www.ijrcog.org/index.php/ijrcog/article/view/2801

  Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst MDAs. Most sources estimate an incidence of these abnormalities to be from 0.5 to 5.0% in the general population. […] Uterus didelphys with pregnancy has variable maternal and perinatal outcome. […] Pregnancy in a uterus Didelphys deserves early diagnosis of the anomaly, and meticulous care in pregnancy and delivery to avert the associated adverse outcomes.

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