Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nocturnal Enuresis (Bedwetting) | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/nocturnal-enuresis-bedwetting

  Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) affects 5-7 million children in the United States. Incidence decreases with age. About 15% of 5 year olds wet the bed; the incidence decreases by 15% per year after that. By age 10, about 6% of children wet the bed; by age 15, about 1% of adolescents still wet the bed. Treatment is generally suggested only for children over 6 years old. […] Family history. If there is a family history of parents, siblings, or other close relatives with bedwetting, it is more likely that your child will inherit the condition. […] Inadequate production of vasopressin during sleep. This hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), reduces urine production. If your child’s body is not producing enough vasopressin overnight, he/she may make more urine than the bladder can hold. […] Delayed bladder maturity. Just like some children learn to walk and talk at different ages, bladder control also varies. […] Increased arousal threshold. Children fail to wake when bladder reaches capacity.

• #2 Bedwetting: A Guide to Causes and Treatments | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/nephrology/enuresis-and-voiding-disorder-clinic/bedwetting-a-parents-guide-to-causes-and-treatments/

  Bedwetting is a common childhood problem, which affects 5-7 million children in the United States each year. By age 7, about 5-10 percent of all children are still wet at night. […] Parents often tell me their kids wet the bed because theyre lazy or too tired to get up and go to the bathroom during the night. I dont believe kids wet themselves on purpose, especially when they are asleep. There are several factors that may be contributing to the problem. […] A lot of parents may be surprised to learn that not having a bowel movement every day can affect their childs bladder. […] Frequently, bedwetting runs in the family. […] An overactive bladder occurs when the child cant store urine in their bladder very well. […] Bedwetting is not considered abnormal until after five years of age. […] The rule of thumb is you should seek treatment for your child when he/she starts to worry about wetting the bed or you start to worry about the issue. […] For some patients, medication may be an option. It doesnt cure bedwetting, but it can help control it.

• #3 Child Bedwetting: Causes of Primary and Secondary Bedwetting

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/bedwetting-causes

  Bedwetting, or nocturnal enuresis, happens when someone accidentally pees while sleeping. It’s common in kids, even if they’ve been toilet trained. Your child will likely stop wetting the bed around 4 to 6 years old. […] While bedwetting can be a symptom of an underlying disease, most children who wet the bed have no underlying disease that explains their bedwetting. An underlying condition is found in only about 1% of children who routinely wet the bed. […] Bedwetting is most often a developmental issue. Most kids simply outgrow it and never need treatment. […] The cause is likely due to one or a combination of the following: The child cannot yet hold urine for the entire night. The child does not wake up when their bladder is full. The child makes a large amount of urine during the evening and night hours. The child has poor daytime toilet habits.

• #4 Child Bedwetting: Causes of Primary and Secondary Bedwetting

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/bedwetting-causes

  Bedwetting, or nocturnal enuresis, happens when someone accidentally pees while sleeping. It’s common in kids, even if they’ve been toilet trained. Your child will likely stop wetting the bed around 4 to 6 years old. […] While bedwetting can be a symptom of an underlying disease, most children who wet the bed have no underlying disease that explains their bedwetting. An underlying condition is found in only about 1% of children who routinely wet the bed. […] Bedwetting is most often a developmental issue. Most kids simply outgrow it and never need treatment. […] The cause is likely due to one or a combination of the following: The child cannot yet hold urine for the entire night. The child does not wake up when their bladder is full. The child makes a large amount of urine during the evening and night hours. The child has poor daytime toilet habits.

• #5 Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis) Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15075-bedwetting

  Bedwetting, or nocturnal enuresis, is the accidental or involuntary release of pee while sleeping. […] Its important to understand that bedwetting isnt the result of poor toilet training or laziness. Many factors lead to nocturnal enuresis among both children and adults. […] The most common cause of childhood bedwetting is a lack of bladder control. […] In some cases, frequent or recurring bedwetting may be a sign of an underlying medical condition, like: A urinary tract infection, Constipation, Spina bifida or nerve problems, Diabetes, A urinary tract blockage or narrow urethra, Obstructive sleep apnea, ADHD. […] Potential causes for adult bedwetting could include: Genetics, Constipation, Hormones, Small functional bladder capacity, Failure to awaken during the night, Psychological or emotional problems, Medical conditions. […] A healthcare provider can help you navigate what caused nocturnal enuresis and offer treatment to help you feel better each morning.

• #6

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Nocturnal-Enuresis-in-Teens.aspx

  In rare cases, other medical conditions like diabetes cause enuresis in children. […] Bedwetting may have an emotional impact on both children and their families. […] It is very important to remember that bedwetting is not your child’s fault or under his or her control. […] Your child’s doctor will first take a complete medical history and ask about any other urinary symptoms such as the urge to urinate a lot, the need to „run to the bathroom” a lot, or pain or burning while peeing. […] Yes. However, treatment for bedwetting first depends on if it is caused by something like stress, which would need to be managed first. […] Research shows that about half of children who properly use enuretic (bedwetting) alarms will stay dry at night after a few weeks. […] There are only two medications that have been approved for bedwetting: imipramine and desmopressin. […] Bedwetting almost always goes away on its own. Most children will grow out of it by the late teenage years or sooner. […] If bedwetting has not stopped in the late teenage years, your child should be seen by a doctor.

• #7 Enuresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545181/

  Enuresis, commonly known as bedwetting, is a prevalent pediatric condition affecting approximately 15% of 5-year-old children. […] The etiology of enuresis is multifactorial, with a solid genetic component influenced by physiologic and environmental factors. Children with 1 affected parent face a 44% likelihood of developing enuresis, and those with 2 affected parents have a 77% likelihood. […] The following list includes the potential causes of both primary and secondary enuresis: […] Primary Enuresis: Idiopathic, Nocturnal polyuria, Maturational delay, Disorder of sleep arousal, Small bladder capacity, Detrusor overactivity, Cystitis, Fecal incontinence or constipation, Neurogenic bladder, Arginine vasopressin disorders, Urethral obstruction, Ectopic ureter, Constipation, Sickle cell disease, Significant life stressors. […] Causes Unique to Secondary Enuresis: Diabetes, Seizure disorder, Obstructive sleep apnea, Chronic kidney disease, Pinworms, Primary polydipsia. […] Children with NMNE typically have anatomic causes, including structural urinary tract abnormalities leading to impaired bladder function.

• #8 Bed-wetting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-wetting/symptoms-causes/syc-20366685

  Bed-wetting also called nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis means passing urine without intending to while asleep. […] It’s not known for sure what causes bed-wetting. Several issues may play a role, such as: […] A small bladder. Your child’s bladder may not be developed enough to hold all the urine made during the night. […] No awareness of a full bladder. If the nerves that control the bladder are slow to mature, a full bladder may not wake your child. This may be especially true if your child is a deep sleeper. […] A hormone imbalance. During childhood, some kids do not produce enough anti-diuretic hormone, also called ADH. ADH slows down how much urine is made during the night. […] Urinary tract infection. Also called a UTI, this infection can make it hard for your child to control the urge to pass urine. Symptoms may include bed-wetting, daytime accidents, passing urine often, red or pink urine, and pain when passing urine.

• #9 Patient education: Bedwetting in children (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bedwetting-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print

  Bedwetting (also called nighttime or nocturnal enuresis) is a common childhood problem. […] Bedwetting may be related to one or more of the following: […] The child’s bladder is maturing more slowly than usual […] The child’s bladder holds a smaller-than-normal amount of urine […] Genetics – Parents who had enuresis as children are more likely to have children with enuresis […] Diminished levels of vasopressin (a hormone that reduces urine production) […] Deep sleep that prevents a child from sensing bladder fullness (this theory is controversial) […] Physical or emotional problems rarely cause bedwetting. Most children with bedwetting do not have an underlying medical problem. Medical problems that may contribute to bedwetting include diabetes, urinary tract infection, fecal soiling (encopresis), pin worms, kidney failure, seizures, and sleep problems (such as sleep apnea). […] Constipation, a common problem in children, can also cause bedwetting.

• #10 Bed-wetting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-wetting/symptoms-causes/syc-20366685

  Bed-wetting also called nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis means passing urine without intending to while asleep. […] It’s not known for sure what causes bed-wetting. Several issues may play a role, such as: […] A small bladder. Your child’s bladder may not be developed enough to hold all the urine made during the night. […] No awareness of a full bladder. If the nerves that control the bladder are slow to mature, a full bladder may not wake your child. This may be especially true if your child is a deep sleeper. […] A hormone imbalance. During childhood, some kids do not produce enough anti-diuretic hormone, also called ADH. ADH slows down how much urine is made during the night. […] Urinary tract infection. Also called a UTI, this infection can make it hard for your child to control the urge to pass urine. Symptoms may include bed-wetting, daytime accidents, passing urine often, red or pink urine, and pain when passing urine.

• #11

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw213026

  Bedwetting is accidental urination during sleep. […] Children don’t wet the bed on purpose. Most likely, a child wets the bed for one or more reasons, such as having a small or overactive bladder, constipation, having too little of a certain hormone, or having emotional or social problems. An infection may also cause bedwetting. […] Delayed development. Children whose nervous system is still forming may not be able to know when their bladder is full. […] A small or overactive bladder. Some children may have a bladder that gets full quickly. […] Constipation. Pressure on the bladder from constipation can make it hard for the bladder to hold urine. […] Deep sleeping. Many children who wet the bed sleep so deeply that they don’t wake up to use the toilet. […] Too little antidiuretic hormone. This hormone level normally rises at night to tell the kidneys to release less water.

• #12

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw213026

  Bedwetting is accidental urination during sleep. […] Children don’t wet the bed on purpose. Most likely, a child wets the bed for one or more reasons, such as having a small or overactive bladder, constipation, having too little of a certain hormone, or having emotional or social problems. An infection may also cause bedwetting. […] Delayed development. Children whose nervous system is still forming may not be able to know when their bladder is full. […] A small or overactive bladder. Some children may have a bladder that gets full quickly. […] Constipation. Pressure on the bladder from constipation can make it hard for the bladder to hold urine. […] Deep sleeping. Many children who wet the bed sleep so deeply that they don’t wake up to use the toilet. […] Too little antidiuretic hormone. This hormone level normally rises at night to tell the kidneys to release less water.

• #13 Bedwetting: Causes and treatments for adults and children

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bedwetting

  Urinary tract infection (UTI): A UTI can cause issues with urinating and bedwetting. […] Stress and anxiety: Stressful events, life changes, and trauma can all cause bedwetting. […] Sleep disorders: Obstructive sleep apnea and sleepwalking can cause the body to produce atrial natriuretic peptide. This is a substance that increases diuresis, or excretion of urine, which leads to more urine production. […] Some of the following causes of bedwetting are specific to children: An undeveloped connection between the brain and bladder: The brain and bladder communicate to control urination. In some children, this connection may be slow to develop. During deep sleep, a child may not recognize the need to wake up to empty their bladder. […] Type 1 diabetes: Bedwetting can be an initial symptom of type 1 diabetes in children.

• #14 Bedwetting: A Guide to Causes and Treatments | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/nephrology/enuresis-and-voiding-disorder-clinic/bedwetting-a-parents-guide-to-causes-and-treatments/

  Bedwetting is a common childhood problem, which affects 5-7 million children in the United States each year. By age 7, about 5-10 percent of all children are still wet at night. […] Parents often tell me their kids wet the bed because theyre lazy or too tired to get up and go to the bathroom during the night. I dont believe kids wet themselves on purpose, especially when they are asleep. There are several factors that may be contributing to the problem. […] A lot of parents may be surprised to learn that not having a bowel movement every day can affect their childs bladder. […] Frequently, bedwetting runs in the family. […] An overactive bladder occurs when the child cant store urine in their bladder very well. […] Bedwetting is not considered abnormal until after five years of age. […] The rule of thumb is you should seek treatment for your child when he/she starts to worry about wetting the bed or you start to worry about the issue. […] For some patients, medication may be an option. It doesnt cure bedwetting, but it can help control it.

• #15 Pediatric Incontinence (Enuresis) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bedwetting

  A number of issues can be involved in a childs bedwetting and daytime accidents, including: […] Constipation: Because the nerves from rectum and the bladder are in close proximity to each other in the spine, there is a mixing of signals that can trigger bladder contractions and lead to urinary incontinence. […] Incomplete or early toilet training: Sometimes premature potty-training will lead children to push to urinate (urine should be released without being forced). When this happens, the pelvic floor muscles dont relax and eventually the child can develop problems with urination. […] Bladder over-activity: The childs bladder may involuntarily contract and release urine before its full. […] Deep sleeping: When a child doesnt wake up from sleep to urinate, bedwetting can become a problem.

• #16

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw213026

  Bedwetting is accidental urination during sleep. […] Children don’t wet the bed on purpose. Most likely, a child wets the bed for one or more reasons, such as having a small or overactive bladder, constipation, having too little of a certain hormone, or having emotional or social problems. An infection may also cause bedwetting. […] Delayed development. Children whose nervous system is still forming may not be able to know when their bladder is full. […] A small or overactive bladder. Some children may have a bladder that gets full quickly. […] Constipation. Pressure on the bladder from constipation can make it hard for the bladder to hold urine. […] Deep sleeping. Many children who wet the bed sleep so deeply that they don’t wake up to use the toilet. […] Too little antidiuretic hormone. This hormone level normally rises at night to tell the kidneys to release less water.

• #17 Bedwetting in Children & Teens: Nocturnal Enuresis | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/bedwetting-children-teens-nocturnal-enuresis

  Nocturnal enuresis means wetting the bed at night. It usually happens after age 5, and it affects many school-age children and even some teens. […] Bedwetting in this age group could be a sign of a urinary tract infection or other health problems, neurological issues (related to the brain), stress, or other issues. […] Its not completely known why bedwetting occurs, but its thought to happen because of a delay in the development of one or more these areas of the body that cause problems at night: […] The kidneys make more urine at night. […] Theres less space in the bladder to hold urine at night. […] The brain cant wake the body up during sleep. […] A deep sleep pattern can be part of normal teen development, as can a poor sleep schedule and too few hours of sleep. […] This stress can cause bedwetting.

• #18 Bed-wetting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-wetting/symptoms-causes/syc-20366685

  Bed-wetting also called nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis means passing urine without intending to while asleep. […] It’s not known for sure what causes bed-wetting. Several issues may play a role, such as: […] A small bladder. Your child’s bladder may not be developed enough to hold all the urine made during the night. […] No awareness of a full bladder. If the nerves that control the bladder are slow to mature, a full bladder may not wake your child. This may be especially true if your child is a deep sleeper. […] A hormone imbalance. During childhood, some kids do not produce enough anti-diuretic hormone, also called ADH. ADH slows down how much urine is made during the night. […] Urinary tract infection. Also called a UTI, this infection can make it hard for your child to control the urge to pass urine. Symptoms may include bed-wetting, daytime accidents, passing urine often, red or pink urine, and pain when passing urine.

• #19

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw213026

  Bedwetting is accidental urination during sleep. […] Children don’t wet the bed on purpose. Most likely, a child wets the bed for one or more reasons, such as having a small or overactive bladder, constipation, having too little of a certain hormone, or having emotional or social problems. An infection may also cause bedwetting. […] Delayed development. Children whose nervous system is still forming may not be able to know when their bladder is full. […] A small or overactive bladder. Some children may have a bladder that gets full quickly. […] Constipation. Pressure on the bladder from constipation can make it hard for the bladder to hold urine. […] Deep sleeping. Many children who wet the bed sleep so deeply that they don’t wake up to use the toilet. […] Too little antidiuretic hormone. This hormone level normally rises at night to tell the kidneys to release less water.

• #20 Bedwetting in Children & Teens: Nocturnal Enuresis | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/bedwetting-children-teens-nocturnal-enuresis

  Nocturnal enuresis means wetting the bed at night. It usually happens after age 5, and it affects many school-age children and even some teens. […] Bedwetting in this age group could be a sign of a urinary tract infection or other health problems, neurological issues (related to the brain), stress, or other issues. […] Its not completely known why bedwetting occurs, but its thought to happen because of a delay in the development of one or more these areas of the body that cause problems at night: […] The kidneys make more urine at night. […] Theres less space in the bladder to hold urine at night. […] The brain cant wake the body up during sleep. […] A deep sleep pattern can be part of normal teen development, as can a poor sleep schedule and too few hours of sleep. […] This stress can cause bedwetting.

• #21 Symptoms & Causes of Bladder Control Problems & Bedwetting in Children – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems-bedwetting-children/symptoms-causes

  Nighttime wetting is often related to slow physical development, a family history of bedwetting, or making too much urine at night. […] Sometimes a health condition can lead to bedwetting, such as diabetes or constipation. […] Between ages 5 and 10, slow physical development can cause your child to wet the bed. […] Bedwetting often runs in families. […] Your child’s kidneys may make too much urine overnight, leading to an overfull bladder. […] Sleepwalking and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to bedwetting. […] Stress can sometimes lead to bedwetting, and worry about daytime or nighttime wetting can make the problem worse.

• #22

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw213026

  Family history. Children are more likely to wet the bed if a parent wet the bed as a child. […] Emotional or social factors. Children may be more likely to wet the bed if they have some stress. […] Children who wet the bed after having had dry nights for 6 or more months may have a medical problem, like a bladder infection.

• #23 Bedwetting in older children (nocturnal enuresis) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bedwetting-in-older-children

  Bedwetting is very common in children. […] If your child is older than 6 years old and wetting the bed, you should see your doctor. […] There are treatments for bedwetting in older children. […] Bedwetting tends to run in families if one or both parents wet the bed when they were young, then it is more likely to happen with their children. […] Most children who wet the bed sleep very deeply and don’t wake up when they need to urinate (do a wee). […] Some children might make a lot of urine at night. This can happen if they don’t make enough of a hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) overnight. […] Bedwetting can also be related to: constipation in children, emotional problems sometimes a stressful event can cause an older child to wet the bed, a medical problem (this is uncommon).

• #24 Enuresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545181/

  Enuresis, commonly known as bedwetting, is a prevalent pediatric condition affecting approximately 15% of 5-year-old children. […] The etiology of enuresis is multifactorial, with a solid genetic component influenced by physiologic and environmental factors. Children with 1 affected parent face a 44% likelihood of developing enuresis, and those with 2 affected parents have a 77% likelihood. […] The following list includes the potential causes of both primary and secondary enuresis: […] Primary Enuresis: Idiopathic, Nocturnal polyuria, Maturational delay, Disorder of sleep arousal, Small bladder capacity, Detrusor overactivity, Cystitis, Fecal incontinence or constipation, Neurogenic bladder, Arginine vasopressin disorders, Urethral obstruction, Ectopic ureter, Constipation, Sickle cell disease, Significant life stressors. […] Causes Unique to Secondary Enuresis: Diabetes, Seizure disorder, Obstructive sleep apnea, Chronic kidney disease, Pinworms, Primary polydipsia. […] Children with NMNE typically have anatomic causes, including structural urinary tract abnormalities leading to impaired bladder function.

• #25 Bedwetting | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/behavior-and-development/bedwetting

  Bedwetting is most often related to deep sleep the bladder is full, but the child doesn’t wake up. […] Some children have smaller bladders or produce more urine during the night. […] Constipation can also lead to bedwetting because the bowel presses on the bladder. […] If your child has always wet the bed, has never had 6 months or more of dry nights, and has no daytime bladder symptoms (i.e., child is dry during the day, has no urgency, or frequent need to pee), then there is nothing wrong with your child. […] Rest assured that this type of bedwetting is usually not caused by medical, emotional or behavioural problems. […] Yes. In fact, scientists have discovered a gene for bedwetting. […] A child with one parent who wet the bed when they were young is 25% more likely to wet the bed.

• #26 Bedwetting | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/behavior-and-development/bedwetting

  If both parents wet the bed as children, that number rises to about 65%. […] Most children will outgrow bedwetting on their own over time. […] Without treatment, about 2% of children still wet the bed by 15 years of age. […] However, by 8 to 10 years of age, bedwetting may start to affect your child’s self-esteem and interfere with social activities like sleepovers. […] Bedwetting is not a bad behaviour or laziness. […] Don’t ever punish your child for bedwetting.

• #27 Bedwetting | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/behavior-and-development/bedwetting

  Bedwetting is most often related to deep sleep the bladder is full, but the child doesn’t wake up. […] Some children have smaller bladders or produce more urine during the night. […] Constipation can also lead to bedwetting because the bowel presses on the bladder. […] If your child has always wet the bed, has never had 6 months or more of dry nights, and has no daytime bladder symptoms (i.e., child is dry during the day, has no urgency, or frequent need to pee), then there is nothing wrong with your child. […] Rest assured that this type of bedwetting is usually not caused by medical, emotional or behavioural problems. […] Yes. In fact, scientists have discovered a gene for bedwetting. […] A child with one parent who wet the bed when they were young is 25% more likely to wet the bed.

• #28 Bed-wetting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-wetting/symptoms-causes/syc-20366685

  Bed-wetting also called nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis means passing urine without intending to while asleep. […] It’s not known for sure what causes bed-wetting. Several issues may play a role, such as: […] A small bladder. Your child’s bladder may not be developed enough to hold all the urine made during the night. […] No awareness of a full bladder. If the nerves that control the bladder are slow to mature, a full bladder may not wake your child. This may be especially true if your child is a deep sleeper. […] A hormone imbalance. During childhood, some kids do not produce enough anti-diuretic hormone, also called ADH. ADH slows down how much urine is made during the night. […] Urinary tract infection. Also called a UTI, this infection can make it hard for your child to control the urge to pass urine. Symptoms may include bed-wetting, daytime accidents, passing urine often, red or pink urine, and pain when passing urine.

• #29 Child Bedwetting: Causes of Primary and Secondary Bedwetting

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/bedwetting-causes

  Secondary bedwetting can be a sign of an underlying medical or emotional problem. A child with secondary bedwetting is much more likely to have other symptoms, such as daytime wetting. […] Common causes of secondary bedwetting include the following: Urinary tract infection. The resulting bladder irritation can cause pain or irritation with peeing, a stronger urge to pee (urgency), and frequent peeing (frequency). […] Diabetes. People with diabetes have a high level of sugar in their blood. The body makes more urine to try to get rid of the sugar. Having to pee often is a common symptom of diabetes. […] Structural or anatomical abnormality. An abnormality in the organs, muscles, or nerves involved in peeing can cause incontinence or other urinary problems that could show up as bedwetting.

• #30 Bedwetting in Children & Teens: Nocturnal Enuresis | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/bedwetting-children-teens-nocturnal-enuresis

  A bowel that is stuck with stool (constipation) can push on the bladder and cause the child to lose bladder control. […] This may be the case if a child has both daytime and nighttime bladder control problems and other bladder symptoms such as pain when peeing or the need to pee a lot. […] Sometimes a spinal cord problem that develops with growth or that is present early in childhood can cause bedwetting. […] In rare cases, other health problems like diabetes cause enuresis in children. […] Bedwetting may have an emotional impact on both children and their families. […] It is either treated, or it gets better on its own.

• #31

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw213026

  Bedwetting is accidental urination during sleep. […] Children don’t wet the bed on purpose. Most likely, a child wets the bed for one or more reasons, such as having a small or overactive bladder, constipation, having too little of a certain hormone, or having emotional or social problems. An infection may also cause bedwetting. […] Delayed development. Children whose nervous system is still forming may not be able to know when their bladder is full. […] A small or overactive bladder. Some children may have a bladder that gets full quickly. […] Constipation. Pressure on the bladder from constipation can make it hard for the bladder to hold urine. […] Deep sleeping. Many children who wet the bed sleep so deeply that they don’t wake up to use the toilet. […] Too little antidiuretic hormone. This hormone level normally rises at night to tell the kidneys to release less water.

• #32 Bed-wetting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-wetting/symptoms-causes/syc-20366685

  Sleep apnea. Sometimes bed-wetting is a sign of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is when a child’s breathing is interrupted during sleep. This is often due to swollen and irritated or enlarged tonsils or adenoids. Other symptoms may include snoring and being sleepy during the day. […] Diabetes. For a child who’s usually dry at night, bed-wetting may be the first sign of diabetes. Other symptoms may include passing large amounts of urine at once, increased thirst, extreme tiredness and weight loss in spite of a good appetite. […] Ongoing constipation. A child who is constipated does not have bowel movements often enough, and the stools may be hard and dry. When constipation is long term, the muscles involved in passing urine and stools may not work well. This can be linked to bed-wetting. […] A problem in the urinary tract or nervous system. Rarely, bed-wetting is related to a difference in the structure of the urinary tract or nervous system.

• #33 Enuresis (Bed Wetting) in Children: Common Causes and Reasons

  https://www.houstonent.com/blog/enuresis-bed-wetting-in-children-common-causes-and-reasons

  Genes. Another reason for child enuresis is DNA. Bedwetting may be inherited. […] Untreated Sleep Apnea. Bedwetting is a common symptom in kids with sleep apnea. […] As mentioned above, up to 80 percent of children with enuresis have concurrent obstructive sleep apnea, making OSA one of the most common bed wetting reasons in children. […] When your child has untreated sleep apnea, its difficult for them to breathe properly at night. […] The study concluded that in kids with suspected sleep-disordered breathing, there’s a high prevalence of enuresis. […] So, why does sleep apnea cause bedwetting? Quite simply, when your child attempts to go to sleep, their sleep apnea doesn’t allow them to sleep well since they can’t breathe properly. […] If you suspect your child has sleep apnea or another sleep disorder, consult with their doctor about any and all sleep-related issues they are dealing with.

• #34 Bed-wetting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-wetting/symptoms-causes/syc-20366685

  Sleep apnea. Sometimes bed-wetting is a sign of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is when a child’s breathing is interrupted during sleep. This is often due to swollen and irritated or enlarged tonsils or adenoids. Other symptoms may include snoring and being sleepy during the day. […] Diabetes. For a child who’s usually dry at night, bed-wetting may be the first sign of diabetes. Other symptoms may include passing large amounts of urine at once, increased thirst, extreme tiredness and weight loss in spite of a good appetite. […] Ongoing constipation. A child who is constipated does not have bowel movements often enough, and the stools may be hard and dry. When constipation is long term, the muscles involved in passing urine and stools may not work well. This can be linked to bed-wetting. […] A problem in the urinary tract or nervous system. Rarely, bed-wetting is related to a difference in the structure of the urinary tract or nervous system.

• #35 Bedwetting: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bedwetting

  Hormonal imbalances can also cause some people to experience bedwetting. Everyones body makes antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH tells your body to slow down the production of urine overnight. The lower volume of urine helps a normal bladder hold urine overnight. […] People whose bodies dont make sufficient levels of ADH may experience nocturnal enuresis because their bladders cant hold higher volumes of urine. […] Diabetes is another disorder that can cause bedwetting. If you have diabetes, your body doesnt process glucose, or sugar, properly and may produce larger amounts of urine. The increase in urine production can cause children and adults who normally stay dry overnight to wet the bed. […] Gender and genetics are among the main risk factors for developing bedwetting in childhood. Both boys and girls may experience episodes of nocturnal enuresis during early childhood, usually between ages 3 and 5. But boys are more likely to continue to wet the bed as they get older.

• #36 Bed-wetting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-wetting/symptoms-causes/syc-20366685

  Sleep apnea. Sometimes bed-wetting is a sign of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is when a child’s breathing is interrupted during sleep. This is often due to swollen and irritated or enlarged tonsils or adenoids. Other symptoms may include snoring and being sleepy during the day. […] Diabetes. For a child who’s usually dry at night, bed-wetting may be the first sign of diabetes. Other symptoms may include passing large amounts of urine at once, increased thirst, extreme tiredness and weight loss in spite of a good appetite. […] Ongoing constipation. A child who is constipated does not have bowel movements often enough, and the stools may be hard and dry. When constipation is long term, the muscles involved in passing urine and stools may not work well. This can be linked to bed-wetting. […] A problem in the urinary tract or nervous system. Rarely, bed-wetting is related to a difference in the structure of the urinary tract or nervous system.

• #37

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Nocturnal-Enuresis-in-Teens.aspx

  If one parent wet the bed after 5 years old, their children may have the same problem about 40% of the time. […] This is one of the most common reason for secondary enuresis. […] A deep sleep pattern can be part of normal adolescent development, as can a poor sleep schedule and too few hours of sleep. […] In rare cases, bedwetting happens because a child has obstructive sleep apnea and snores. […] A backed up bowel (constipation) can push on the bladder and cause the child to lose bladder control. […] This may be the case if a child has both daytime and nighttime bladder control problems and other urinary symptoms such as pain when peeing or the need to pee frequently. […] Sometimes a spinal cord problem that develops with growth or that is present early in childhood can cause bedwetting.

• #38 Child Bedwetting: Causes of Primary and Secondary Bedwetting

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/bedwetting-causes

  Sleep apnea. When your child’s breathing is disrupted, their brain works harder to take in oxygen than it does on other functions, like bladder control. […] Emotional problems. A stressful home life, as in a home where the parents are in conflict, sometimes causes children to wet the bed. Major changes, such as starting school, a new baby, or moving to a new home, are other stresses that can also cause bedwetting. […] Bedwetting is quite common in children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Kids with ADHD are three times as likely to have trouble with bedwetting than those who don’t. […] Bedwetting does tend to run in families. Many children who wet the bed have a parent who did too. […] About 40% of 3-year-olds wet the bed. Experts don’t fully understand why one child continues to wet the bed and another doesn’t.

• #39 Bedwetting: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bedwetting

  Family history plays a role, too. A child is more likely to wet the bed if a parent, sibling, or other family member has had the same issue. The chances are 70 percent if both parents had bedwetting as children. […] Bedwetting is also more common among children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Researchers dont yet fully understand the relationship between bedwetting and ADHD. […] A stressful event in a young persons life can sometimes cause bedwetting. Conflict at home or school may cause your child to have nightly accidents. Other examples of situations that can be stressful to children and may trigger bedwetting incidents include: the birth of a sibling, moving to a new home, another change in routine. […] But a child who develops bedwetting but has already been dry at night for over 6 months could signal a medical problem, too.

• #40 Bedwetting in Children & Teens: Nocturnal Enuresis | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/bedwetting-children-teens-nocturnal-enuresis

  Nocturnal enuresis means wetting the bed at night. It usually happens after age 5, and it affects many school-age children and even some teens. […] Bedwetting in this age group could be a sign of a urinary tract infection or other health problems, neurological issues (related to the brain), stress, or other issues. […] Its not completely known why bedwetting occurs, but its thought to happen because of a delay in the development of one or more these areas of the body that cause problems at night: […] The kidneys make more urine at night. […] Theres less space in the bladder to hold urine at night. […] The brain cant wake the body up during sleep. […] A deep sleep pattern can be part of normal teen development, as can a poor sleep schedule and too few hours of sleep. […] This stress can cause bedwetting.

• #41 Psychological Causes of Bedwetting | Aeroflow Urology

  https://aeroflowurology.com/blog/the-psychological-causes-of-bedwetting

  If your child experiences stress, anxiety, or fear, they may be more prone to wetting the bed. […] Significant life changes, like moving, divorce, attending a new school, the birth of a new sibling, or a death in the family, can cause or worsen NE in your child. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics revealed that NE could result from sexual abuse in children and teens. […] PTSD may develop in children who have experienced physical or sexual abuse or things like car accidents. […] If you experience chronic stress or anxiety, your body enters the fight-or-flight response, which can fill your kidneys with urine while you sleep.

• #42 Psychological Causes of Bedwetting | Aeroflow Urology

  https://aeroflowurology.com/blog/the-psychological-causes-of-bedwetting

  If your child experiences stress, anxiety, or fear, they may be more prone to wetting the bed. […] Significant life changes, like moving, divorce, attending a new school, the birth of a new sibling, or a death in the family, can cause or worsen NE in your child. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics revealed that NE could result from sexual abuse in children and teens. […] PTSD may develop in children who have experienced physical or sexual abuse or things like car accidents. […] If you experience chronic stress or anxiety, your body enters the fight-or-flight response, which can fill your kidneys with urine while you sleep.

• #43 Bedwetting: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bedwetting

  Family history plays a role, too. A child is more likely to wet the bed if a parent, sibling, or other family member has had the same issue. The chances are 70 percent if both parents had bedwetting as children. […] Bedwetting is also more common among children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Researchers dont yet fully understand the relationship between bedwetting and ADHD. […] A stressful event in a young persons life can sometimes cause bedwetting. Conflict at home or school may cause your child to have nightly accidents. Other examples of situations that can be stressful to children and may trigger bedwetting incidents include: the birth of a sibling, moving to a new home, another change in routine. […] But a child who develops bedwetting but has already been dry at night for over 6 months could signal a medical problem, too.

• #44 Psychological Causes of Bedwetting | Aeroflow Urology

  https://aeroflowurology.com/blog/the-psychological-causes-of-bedwetting

  If your child experiences stress, anxiety, or fear, they may be more prone to wetting the bed. […] Significant life changes, like moving, divorce, attending a new school, the birth of a new sibling, or a death in the family, can cause or worsen NE in your child. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics revealed that NE could result from sexual abuse in children and teens. […] PTSD may develop in children who have experienced physical or sexual abuse or things like car accidents. […] If you experience chronic stress or anxiety, your body enters the fight-or-flight response, which can fill your kidneys with urine while you sleep.

• #45 Bedwetting (Enuresis) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/bedwetting-enuresis-a-to-z

  Under normal circumstances, the body’s level of a hormone that decreases the production of urine by the kidneys rises during sleep, causing the bladder to fill more slowly. […] In some children who wet the bed, this nighttime rise in antidiuretic hormone does not happen as expected. […] Some children with prolonged nighttime bedwetting may simply have smaller bladders compared with their „dry” peers. […] In a small number of cases, primary nocturnal enuresis arises from a purely medical problem, such as a physical defect in the child’s urinary tract, a neurological problem related to the spinal nerves or brain, or a urinary tract infection. […] When a child starts to wet the bed again after being dry for months or sometimes even years, there is often an identifiable cause. […] One of the most common is stress, when a sudden change rocks a child’s world. […] Secondary bedwetting may be related to sexual abuse or to extreme bullying. […] Rarely, this form of bedwetting is related to a medical problem, such as a urinary tract infection or diabetes.

• #46 Child Bedwetting: Causes of Primary and Secondary Bedwetting

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/bedwetting-causes

  Secondary bedwetting can be a sign of an underlying medical or emotional problem. A child with secondary bedwetting is much more likely to have other symptoms, such as daytime wetting. […] Common causes of secondary bedwetting include the following: Urinary tract infection. The resulting bladder irritation can cause pain or irritation with peeing, a stronger urge to pee (urgency), and frequent peeing (frequency). […] Diabetes. People with diabetes have a high level of sugar in their blood. The body makes more urine to try to get rid of the sugar. Having to pee often is a common symptom of diabetes. […] Structural or anatomical abnormality. An abnormality in the organs, muscles, or nerves involved in peeing can cause incontinence or other urinary problems that could show up as bedwetting.

• #47 Bedwetting | Pediatric Urology | Dartmouth Health Children’s

  https://childrens.dartmouth-health.org/urology/bedwetting

  A small bladder capacity: The bladder is unable to hold all the urine it produces. […] Difficulty waking up from sleep. […] Recent stress: such as a move, new school or sibling, death or a divorce in the family. […] Medical problem: Although most children do not have a physical cause for their wetting, an underlying problem such as urinary tract infection, diabetes, bowel problems, or an upper airway obstruction can contribute to the problem.

• #48 Enuresis (Bed Wetting) in Children: Common Causes and Reasons

  https://www.houstonent.com/blog/enuresis-bed-wetting-in-children-common-causes-and-reasons

  Some causes of this type of bedwetting that are common include: Diabetes. If your child is diabetic, they have high blood sugar levels. […] Urinary Tract Infection. If your child has a urinary tract infection (UTI), they may experience irritation or pain when urinating. […] Emotional Problems. If there’s a lot of stress in your home such as arguing with your spouse all the time, it could cause your child to wet their bed. […] Anatomical or Structural Abnormality. If your child has an abnormality in their muscles, organs or nerves that involves urination, it could cause urinary problems like incontinence that could appear as bedwetting. […] Neurological Problems. If there are abnormalities, disease or injury in your child’s nervous system, it may impact the sensitive neurological balance that controls your child’s urination.

• #49 Child Bedwetting: Causes of Primary and Secondary Bedwetting

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/bedwetting-causes

  Secondary bedwetting can be a sign of an underlying medical or emotional problem. A child with secondary bedwetting is much more likely to have other symptoms, such as daytime wetting. […] Common causes of secondary bedwetting include the following: Urinary tract infection. The resulting bladder irritation can cause pain or irritation with peeing, a stronger urge to pee (urgency), and frequent peeing (frequency). […] Diabetes. People with diabetes have a high level of sugar in their blood. The body makes more urine to try to get rid of the sugar. Having to pee often is a common symptom of diabetes. […] Structural or anatomical abnormality. An abnormality in the organs, muscles, or nerves involved in peeing can cause incontinence or other urinary problems that could show up as bedwetting.

• #50 Child Bedwetting: Causes of Primary and Secondary Bedwetting

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/bedwetting-causes

  Secondary bedwetting can be a sign of an underlying medical or emotional problem. A child with secondary bedwetting is much more likely to have other symptoms, such as daytime wetting. […] Common causes of secondary bedwetting include the following: Urinary tract infection. The resulting bladder irritation can cause pain or irritation with peeing, a stronger urge to pee (urgency), and frequent peeing (frequency). […] Diabetes. People with diabetes have a high level of sugar in their blood. The body makes more urine to try to get rid of the sugar. Having to pee often is a common symptom of diabetes. […] Structural or anatomical abnormality. An abnormality in the organs, muscles, or nerves involved in peeing can cause incontinence or other urinary problems that could show up as bedwetting.

• #51 Enuresis (Bed Wetting) in Children: Common Causes and Reasons

  https://www.houstonent.com/blog/enuresis-bed-wetting-in-children-common-causes-and-reasons

  Some causes of this type of bedwetting that are common include: Diabetes. If your child is diabetic, they have high blood sugar levels. […] Urinary Tract Infection. If your child has a urinary tract infection (UTI), they may experience irritation or pain when urinating. […] Emotional Problems. If there’s a lot of stress in your home such as arguing with your spouse all the time, it could cause your child to wet their bed. […] Anatomical or Structural Abnormality. If your child has an abnormality in their muscles, organs or nerves that involves urination, it could cause urinary problems like incontinence that could appear as bedwetting. […] Neurological Problems. If there are abnormalities, disease or injury in your child’s nervous system, it may impact the sensitive neurological balance that controls your child’s urination.

• #52 Bedwetting: 6 Important reasons why your child might be affected – The Paediatric Naturopath

  https://thepaediatricnaturopath.com.au/reasons-child-bedwetting/

  Has there been any events coinciding with the bed wetting that may be causing an upheaval in emotions? […] It is important to rule out whether or not your child is deficient in some essential minerals including zinc and magnesium. These minerals play important roles in healthy bladder function. […] Are environmental allergies playing a factor? […] Kids who are mouth-breathers are more likely to be bed-wetters, not because they tend to be heavier sleepers but because of potential environmental allergies. […] Worms can cause your child to start wetting the bed. Though we may associate worms with living in your gut, they can migrate to your urinary tract (especially seen in girls), make their way into the urethra where they can cause irritation and increase the need to pee.

• #53 Bedwetting: 6 Important reasons why your child might be affected – The Paediatric Naturopath

  https://thepaediatricnaturopath.com.au/reasons-child-bedwetting/

  Has there been any events coinciding with the bed wetting that may be causing an upheaval in emotions? […] It is important to rule out whether or not your child is deficient in some essential minerals including zinc and magnesium. These minerals play important roles in healthy bladder function. […] Are environmental allergies playing a factor? […] Kids who are mouth-breathers are more likely to be bed-wetters, not because they tend to be heavier sleepers but because of potential environmental allergies. […] Worms can cause your child to start wetting the bed. Though we may associate worms with living in your gut, they can migrate to your urinary tract (especially seen in girls), make their way into the urethra where they can cause irritation and increase the need to pee.

• #54 Bedwetting: 6 Important reasons why your child might be affected – The Paediatric Naturopath

  https://thepaediatricnaturopath.com.au/reasons-child-bedwetting/

  Has there been any events coinciding with the bed wetting that may be causing an upheaval in emotions? […] It is important to rule out whether or not your child is deficient in some essential minerals including zinc and magnesium. These minerals play important roles in healthy bladder function. […] Are environmental allergies playing a factor? […] Kids who are mouth-breathers are more likely to be bed-wetters, not because they tend to be heavier sleepers but because of potential environmental allergies. […] Worms can cause your child to start wetting the bed. Though we may associate worms with living in your gut, they can migrate to your urinary tract (especially seen in girls), make their way into the urethra where they can cause irritation and increase the need to pee.

• #55 Bedwetting – Causes & Solutions •

  https://hes-extraordinary.com/bedwetting-causes-solutions

  If your child is or recently has gone through a growth spurt, its possible that they temporarily arent producing enough ADH. […] Many children have poor interoceptive awareness, especially those with Autism, ADHD, or sensory processing disorder. […] Sometimes, food sensitivities can cause spasms in the bladder, leading to bedwetting. Common culprits include peanuts, eggs, soy, dairy, and gluten. […] Bedwetting isnt intentional or something that your child can control. […] Rule out or treat any medical causes of nocturnal enuresis. […] Keep track of your childs food intake over several weeks to help you identify any food sensitivities that may be contributing to your childs bedwetting. […] A randomized controlled study determined that 76% of children using a bedwetting alarm achieved 14 consecutive dry nights. […] Bedwetting alarms sense moisture and wake children up using sound or vibration. Over time, this helps kids learn to recognize a full bladder, wake up, and go to the bathroom independently. […] Peejamas are a discreet alternative to Pull-Ups, Goodnights, or other disposable diapers.

• #56 Bedwetting – Causes & Solutions •

  https://hes-extraordinary.com/bedwetting-causes-solutions

  If your child is or recently has gone through a growth spurt, its possible that they temporarily arent producing enough ADH. […] Many children have poor interoceptive awareness, especially those with Autism, ADHD, or sensory processing disorder. […] Sometimes, food sensitivities can cause spasms in the bladder, leading to bedwetting. Common culprits include peanuts, eggs, soy, dairy, and gluten. […] Bedwetting isnt intentional or something that your child can control. […] Rule out or treat any medical causes of nocturnal enuresis. […] Keep track of your childs food intake over several weeks to help you identify any food sensitivities that may be contributing to your childs bedwetting. […] A randomized controlled study determined that 76% of children using a bedwetting alarm achieved 14 consecutive dry nights. […] Bedwetting alarms sense moisture and wake children up using sound or vibration. Over time, this helps kids learn to recognize a full bladder, wake up, and go to the bathroom independently. […] Peejamas are a discreet alternative to Pull-Ups, Goodnights, or other disposable diapers.

• #57 Enuresis in Children: A Case-Based Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1015/p560.html

  Enuresis is defined as intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep in a child at least five years of age. […] Several conditions, such as constipation, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, chronic kidney disease, and psychiatric disorders, are associated with enuresis. […] The pathophysiology of primary enuresis involves the inability to awaken from sleep in response to a voiding stimulus (i.e., a full bladder), coupled with excessive nighttime urine production or decreased functional capacity of the bladder. […] Risk factors for enuresis include younger age, male sex, black race, history of urinary tract infection, and a family history of enuresis. […] Multiple conditions can present with enuresis, either causative or comorbid, and they can influence management and prognosis. […] Secondary enuresis is typically caused by psychological issues or true urinary tract malformations, and should prompt a thorough workup.

• #58

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Nocturnal-Enuresis-in-Teens.aspx

  Nocturnal enuresis, defined as nighttime bedwetting beyond age 5, affects many school-age children and even some teens. […] It’s important to work with your child’s doctors to find possible causes and solutions. […] Bedwetting in this age group could be a sign of a urinary tract infection or other health problems, neurological issues (related to the brain), stress, or other issues. […] Although it is not completely understood why bedwetting occurs, it is thought to happen because of a delay in the development in at least one of the following three areas at nighttime: […] In babies and toddlers, links between the brain and the bladder have not fully formed; the bladder will just release urine whenever it feels full. […] This control usually develops during the daytime first; it takes more time before it happens at night.

• #59 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  Possible causes of PE and SE are summarized in Table 2 below. […] If no cause can be identified, the important pathophysiologic factors include a disorder of sleep arousal, nocturnal polyuria, and a low nocturnal bladder capacity. […] Sleep studies reveal that children with enuresis do not wake up normally in response to an auditory signal; this finding confirms a problem in arousal. […] Studies reveal nocturnal polyuria in some but not all children with enuresis. […] Small functional bladder capacity (FBC) is now known to play a role in the pathogenesis of enuresis. […] Overactive bladder or dysfunctional voiding is more common among girls in preschool or elementary school, usually presenting with urinary frequency, urgency, squatting behavior, daytime wetting, and enuresis. […] Cystitis is a common cause of enuresis and an aggravating factor associated with other causes; cystitis associated with enuresis may present at any age.

• #60 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  Possible causes of PE and SE are summarized in Table 2 below. […] If no cause can be identified, the important pathophysiologic factors include a disorder of sleep arousal, nocturnal polyuria, and a low nocturnal bladder capacity. […] Sleep studies reveal that children with enuresis do not wake up normally in response to an auditory signal; this finding confirms a problem in arousal. […] Studies reveal nocturnal polyuria in some but not all children with enuresis. […] Small functional bladder capacity (FBC) is now known to play a role in the pathogenesis of enuresis. […] Overactive bladder or dysfunctional voiding is more common among girls in preschool or elementary school, usually presenting with urinary frequency, urgency, squatting behavior, daytime wetting, and enuresis. […] Cystitis is a common cause of enuresis and an aggravating factor associated with other causes; cystitis associated with enuresis may present at any age.

• #61 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  Various common situations predispose to a psychological cause of enuresis, including birth of a new sibling, parental divorce or separation, death in the family, child abuse, or any other cause of social dysfunction at home or school. […] Constipation can cause both PE and SE and is a common aggravating factor that should be considered when other causes are present. […] Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a disorder associated with both an abnormality in arousal and enuresis. […] A neurogenic bladder can result from a lesion at any level in the nervous system, including the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves. […] Urethral obstruction can be congenital (as with posterior urethral valves (PUVs), congenital stricture, or urethral diverticula) or acquired (as with a traumatic or infectious stricture or with meatal stenosis after circumcision).

• #62 Enuresis (Bed Wetting) in Children: Common Causes and Reasons

  https://www.houstonent.com/blog/enuresis-bed-wetting-in-children-common-causes-and-reasons

  Enuresis is the term giving to older children (over five years old) who wet their bed during the night while they are asleep. […] There are many causes of enuresis in children and they can range from poor toilet habits in the daytime to emotional problems. […] However, up to 80 percent of children with enuresis have concurrent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), making it one of the top signs and symptoms of sleep apnea in children. […] Primary bedwetting can happen for one or a combination of the following causes: Your child doesn’t wake up during the night when their bladder is full. Your child can’t hold their urine for the whole night. Your child’s daytime toilet habits are poor. Your child’s urine production at night is large. […] An underlying emotional or medical problem can cause secondary bedwetting.

• #63 Enuresis (Bed Wetting) in Children: Common Causes and Reasons

  https://www.houstonent.com/blog/enuresis-bed-wetting-in-children-common-causes-and-reasons

  Genes. Another reason for child enuresis is DNA. Bedwetting may be inherited. […] Untreated Sleep Apnea. Bedwetting is a common symptom in kids with sleep apnea. […] As mentioned above, up to 80 percent of children with enuresis have concurrent obstructive sleep apnea, making OSA one of the most common bed wetting reasons in children. […] When your child has untreated sleep apnea, its difficult for them to breathe properly at night. […] The study concluded that in kids with suspected sleep-disordered breathing, there’s a high prevalence of enuresis. […] So, why does sleep apnea cause bedwetting? Quite simply, when your child attempts to go to sleep, their sleep apnea doesn’t allow them to sleep well since they can’t breathe properly. […] If you suspect your child has sleep apnea or another sleep disorder, consult with their doctor about any and all sleep-related issues they are dealing with.

• #64 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  Various common situations predispose to a psychological cause of enuresis, including birth of a new sibling, parental divorce or separation, death in the family, child abuse, or any other cause of social dysfunction at home or school. […] Constipation can cause both PE and SE and is a common aggravating factor that should be considered when other causes are present. […] Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a disorder associated with both an abnormality in arousal and enuresis. […] A neurogenic bladder can result from a lesion at any level in the nervous system, including the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves. […] Urethral obstruction can be congenital (as with posterior urethral valves (PUVs), congenital stricture, or urethral diverticula) or acquired (as with a traumatic or infectious stricture or with meatal stenosis after circumcision).

• #65 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  Various common situations predispose to a psychological cause of enuresis, including birth of a new sibling, parental divorce or separation, death in the family, child abuse, or any other cause of social dysfunction at home or school. […] Constipation can cause both PE and SE and is a common aggravating factor that should be considered when other causes are present. […] Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a disorder associated with both an abnormality in arousal and enuresis. […] A neurogenic bladder can result from a lesion at any level in the nervous system, including the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves. […] Urethral obstruction can be congenital (as with posterior urethral valves (PUVs), congenital stricture, or urethral diverticula) or acquired (as with a traumatic or infectious stricture or with meatal stenosis after circumcision).

• #66 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  SE may be a symptom of an unobserved overnight major motor convulsion in a child with a known seizure disorder. […] Ectopic ureter is due to the insertion of the ureter in a location other than the lateral angle of the bladder trigone. […] Enuresis usually is not the presenting complaint in a child with new-onset diabetes mellitus. […] Diabetes insipidus is a very rare cause of enuresis.

• #67 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  SE may be a symptom of an unobserved overnight major motor convulsion in a child with a known seizure disorder. […] Ectopic ureter is due to the insertion of the ureter in a location other than the lateral angle of the bladder trigone. […] Enuresis usually is not the presenting complaint in a child with new-onset diabetes mellitus. […] Diabetes insipidus is a very rare cause of enuresis.

• #68 Enuresis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014762-overview

  SE may be a symptom of an unobserved overnight major motor convulsion in a child with a known seizure disorder. […] Ectopic ureter is due to the insertion of the ureter in a location other than the lateral angle of the bladder trigone. […] Enuresis usually is not the presenting complaint in a child with new-onset diabetes mellitus. […] Diabetes insipidus is a very rare cause of enuresis.

• #69 Bedwetting in Children & Teens: Nocturnal Enuresis | National Kidney Foundation

  https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/bedwetting-children-teens-nocturnal-enuresis

  A bowel that is stuck with stool (constipation) can push on the bladder and cause the child to lose bladder control. […] This may be the case if a child has both daytime and nighttime bladder control problems and other bladder symptoms such as pain when peeing or the need to pee a lot. […] Sometimes a spinal cord problem that develops with growth or that is present early in childhood can cause bedwetting. […] In rare cases, other health problems like diabetes cause enuresis in children. […] Bedwetting may have an emotional impact on both children and their families. […] It is either treated, or it gets better on its own.

• #70

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Nocturnal-Enuresis-in-Teens.aspx

  In rare cases, other medical conditions like diabetes cause enuresis in children. […] Bedwetting may have an emotional impact on both children and their families. […] It is very important to remember that bedwetting is not your child’s fault or under his or her control. […] Your child’s doctor will first take a complete medical history and ask about any other urinary symptoms such as the urge to urinate a lot, the need to „run to the bathroom” a lot, or pain or burning while peeing. […] Yes. However, treatment for bedwetting first depends on if it is caused by something like stress, which would need to be managed first. […] Research shows that about half of children who properly use enuretic (bedwetting) alarms will stay dry at night after a few weeks. […] There are only two medications that have been approved for bedwetting: imipramine and desmopressin. […] Bedwetting almost always goes away on its own. Most children will grow out of it by the late teenage years or sooner. […] If bedwetting has not stopped in the late teenage years, your child should be seen by a doctor.

• #71 Tips for overcoming bed-wetting – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/tips-for-overcoming-bed-wetting

  „Many families struggle with bed-wetting. It’s a normal part of child development. It isn’t anyone’s fault, but that doesn’t mean it can’t be stressful, especially for older kids. Here’s what you need to know about this common condition.” […] „When a child starts to experience bed-wetting, especially secondary bed-wetting, we work with parents to figure out why it is happening. There is a strong family connection with bed-wetting. About 40% to 50% of kids with nocturnal bed-wetting had a parent who struggled with bed-wetting as a child.” […] „Other possible causes include: Diabetes, Urinary tract infection, Vaginitis, Deep sleeper, Small bladder or bladder nerves slow to mature, Chronic constipation.” […] „Bed-wetting can be frustrating and embarrassing for children. It can cause anxiety, especially for children planning sleepovers with friends.” […] „Remember, bed-wetting isn’t anyone’s fault. Your child isn’t lazy and isn’t doing it on purpose. Most likely, it’s a familial gift passed down by one of the parents.”

• #72 Tips for overcoming bed-wetting – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/tips-for-overcoming-bed-wetting

  „Many families struggle with bed-wetting. It’s a normal part of child development. It isn’t anyone’s fault, but that doesn’t mean it can’t be stressful, especially for older kids. Here’s what you need to know about this common condition.” […] „When a child starts to experience bed-wetting, especially secondary bed-wetting, we work with parents to figure out why it is happening. There is a strong family connection with bed-wetting. About 40% to 50% of kids with nocturnal bed-wetting had a parent who struggled with bed-wetting as a child.” […] „Other possible causes include: Diabetes, Urinary tract infection, Vaginitis, Deep sleeper, Small bladder or bladder nerves slow to mature, Chronic constipation.” […] „Bed-wetting can be frustrating and embarrassing for children. It can cause anxiety, especially for children planning sleepovers with friends.” […] „Remember, bed-wetting isn’t anyone’s fault. Your child isn’t lazy and isn’t doing it on purpose. Most likely, it’s a familial gift passed down by one of the parents.”

• #73 Bedwetting – Causes & Solutions •

  https://hes-extraordinary.com/bedwetting-causes-solutions

  Sometimes bedwetting is the first sign of diabetes. Especially for a child whos usually dry at night. Other signs to watch for include passing large amounts of urine at once, increased thirst, fatigue, and weight loss despite a good appetite. […] Sometimes bedwetting is a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea usually due to inflamed tonsils or adenoids. […] If the bowels are backed up, this can put additional pressure on the bladder, reducing bowel control. […] If there are no medical causes for bedwetting, fortunately, there arent any health risks. However, there are often emotional effects which can be equally harmful. Children may feel anxious, embarrassed, and have low self-esteem. […] The brain produces a hormone called anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) that decreases urine production at night.

• #74 Bedwetting – Causes & Solutions •

  https://hes-extraordinary.com/bedwetting-causes-solutions

  If your child is or recently has gone through a growth spurt, its possible that they temporarily arent producing enough ADH. […] Many children have poor interoceptive awareness, especially those with Autism, ADHD, or sensory processing disorder. […] Sometimes, food sensitivities can cause spasms in the bladder, leading to bedwetting. Common culprits include peanuts, eggs, soy, dairy, and gluten. […] Bedwetting isnt intentional or something that your child can control. […] Rule out or treat any medical causes of nocturnal enuresis. […] Keep track of your childs food intake over several weeks to help you identify any food sensitivities that may be contributing to your childs bedwetting. […] A randomized controlled study determined that 76% of children using a bedwetting alarm achieved 14 consecutive dry nights. […] Bedwetting alarms sense moisture and wake children up using sound or vibration. Over time, this helps kids learn to recognize a full bladder, wake up, and go to the bathroom independently. […] Peejamas are a discreet alternative to Pull-Ups, Goodnights, or other disposable diapers.

• #75 Tips for overcoming bed-wetting – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/tips-for-overcoming-bed-wetting

  „Many families struggle with bed-wetting. It’s a normal part of child development. It isn’t anyone’s fault, but that doesn’t mean it can’t be stressful, especially for older kids. Here’s what you need to know about this common condition.” […] „When a child starts to experience bed-wetting, especially secondary bed-wetting, we work with parents to figure out why it is happening. There is a strong family connection with bed-wetting. About 40% to 50% of kids with nocturnal bed-wetting had a parent who struggled with bed-wetting as a child.” […] „Other possible causes include: Diabetes, Urinary tract infection, Vaginitis, Deep sleeper, Small bladder or bladder nerves slow to mature, Chronic constipation.” […] „Bed-wetting can be frustrating and embarrassing for children. It can cause anxiety, especially for children planning sleepovers with friends.” […] „Remember, bed-wetting isn’t anyone’s fault. Your child isn’t lazy and isn’t doing it on purpose. Most likely, it’s a familial gift passed down by one of the parents.”

• #76 Bedwetting | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/behavior-and-development/bedwetting

  If both parents wet the bed as children, that number rises to about 65%. […] Most children will outgrow bedwetting on their own over time. […] Without treatment, about 2% of children still wet the bed by 15 years of age. […] However, by 8 to 10 years of age, bedwetting may start to affect your child’s self-esteem and interfere with social activities like sleepovers. […] Bedwetting is not a bad behaviour or laziness. […] Don’t ever punish your child for bedwetting.

• #77 Bed-wetting (nocturnal enuresis) in children

  https://parentingscience.com/bed-wetting/

  Bed-wetting alarms use the same technology as diaper alarms. A moisture sensor is attached to the child’s underpants. When the child urinates, a sound awakens him. Desmopression, when it prescribed by a physician, is taken before bedtime, and suppresses urine production overnight. […] Caffeine is a well-known diuretic, and it’s found in foods like cocoa, coffee, and cola. Is is possible that some kids are experiencing bed-wetting as a side effect of consuming these foods? A recent, controlled study suggests that this is possible. […] Kids suffering from nocturnal enuresis don’t wet the bed on purpose. It’s unfair to blame or punish them for bed wetting. And it appears to make things worse. […] To date, there is little evidence that rewards are effective.

• #78 Bed-wetting: What Causes Your Child to Wet the Bed?

  https://www.webmd.com/children/features/bedwetting-causes

  „It’s just as important to know what doesn’t cause bedwetting — the myths around it,” says Bennett. „No child wets the bed on purpose, or from being too lazy to get up to pee.” […] If it’s causing anxiety or social problems, it’s important to know there are things families can do to make the situation better.

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