Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Onychomycosis causes, symptoms and treatment – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/onychomycosis

  Onychomycosis (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis) is the medical term for a toenail or fingernail fungal infection. It is a common condition, affecting about 10% of the general population. Its more common in older people, and about half of people over age 70 have it. As the fungus infects deeper, the nails can thicken, crumble, become discolored, and may separate from the nail bed. It can affect one or all nails. Severe nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent nail damage. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include nails that are: […] Brittle, crumbly or ragged […] Thickened […] Whitish to yellow-brown discoloration […] Distorted in shape […] A dark color, caused by debris build-up under a nail […] Unpleasant odor […] Painful, in severe cases. […] Severe nail fungus can lead to other infections, especially if you have diabetes, take certain medications or have other conditions. Diabetes can cause reduced blood circulation, and compromise nerves in the feet. Diabetes also puts you at a greater risk of foot ulcers, and cellulitis, a very serious bacterial skin infection.

• #2 Tinea Unguium: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-tinea-unguium-6950930

  Tinea unguium is a fungal nail infection that most commonly affects the toenails. The condition impacts up to 14% of the population. […] Initially, nail fungus is painless; however, if left untreated, it can lead to pain, especially when you wear shoes. Instead, you may notice the following tinea unguium symptoms: Nail discoloration, which might be white, yellow, or brown; Debris buildup under the nail; Loose nails; Nail surface that becomes soft, dry, or powdery; Nail thickening; Nail splitting. […] Toenail fungus incidence increases with age. Children are the least affected, with 0.6% of kids under 18 having tinea unguium. On the other hand, around 10% to 20% of adults and 15% to 40% of older people experience the condition. […] Fungal nail infections require a lengthy treatment sometimes for a year. Even after completing treatment, many people find themselves susceptible to reinfection. Some people struggle with feeling self-conscious about the appearance of their nails. […] If you have a nail fungus, your nails may be brittle, discolored, and pull away from your skin. Nail fungus is notoriously difficult to treat, and treatment may last months or as long as a year.

• #3 Fungal Nail Infection | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Canesten

  https://www.canesten.co.uk/skin-and-foot-health/fungal-nail

  Fungal nail infections are seven times more likely to occur on your toenails compared to fingernails, but you can get them on your fingernails too. […] You might have a fungal nail infection if you notice: White or yellow streaks on the nail, Yellow toenails or discoloured toenails, Thickening or distortion of the nail, Brittle or crumbly nails – pieces may break off and come away completely, Loss of lustre and shine, Loosening or lifting up of the nail, Debris trapped under the nail, An odour coming from the infected nail. […] A fungal nail infection can affect part of the nail, the entire nail, or several nails. The infection can occur on the surface of your nail or on the underside of the nail where your nail meets your nail bed (the skin under the nail). […] The tip of the nail is affected first, causing discoloured toenails or fingernails. White, yellow or brown vertical stripes may also appear on the nail as the infection spreads from the tip towards the base of the nail.

• #4 Onychomycosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis

  Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. […] The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely. If left untreated, the skin underneath and around the nail can become inflamed and painful. There may also be white or yellow patches on the nailbed or scaly skin next to the nail, and a foul smell. There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe. […] Recurrence may occur following treatment, with a 20-25% relapse rate within 2 years of successful treatment. Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions. The risk is most serious for people with diabetes and with immune systems weakened by leukemia or AIDS, or medication after organ transplant.

• #5 Fungal nail infection | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/fungal-nail-infection/

  A fungal nail infection is when the the nail becomes thick, discoloured and easy to break. Its not a serious infection but it can take a long time to treat. […] A fungal nail infection often affects the toenails but it can happen on the fingernails too. […] The infection develops slowly. It usually starts at the edge of the nail before spreading to the rest of the nail. […] The infection can make the nail: white or yellow, easy to break, thick. […] Sometimes the whole nail can break off which may cause the skin around it to become painful and swollen. […] A fungal nail infection usually starts at the edge of the nail. […] Fungal nail infections develop slowly and can spread to multiple nails. […] A fungal nail infection can cause the nail to become white and yellow. It may also crumble or break easily.

• #6 Fungal nail infection | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/fungal-nail-infection

  A fungal nail infection is when the nail becomes thick, discoloured and easy to break. Its not a serious infection but it can take a long time to treat. […] A fungal nail infection often affects the toenails but it can happen on the fingernails too. […] The infection develops slowly. It usually starts at the edge of the nail before spreading to the rest of the nail. […] The infection can make the nail: white or yellow, easy to break, thick. […] Sometimes the whole nail can break off which may cause the skin around it to become painful and swollen. […] A fungal nail infection usually starts at the edge of the nail. […] Fungal nail infections develop slowly and can spread to multiple nails. […] A fungal nail infection can cause the nail to become white and yellow. It may also crumble or break easily.

• #7 The Stages of Nail Fungus: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-infection/stages-of-nail-fungus

  Toenail fungus often starts with mild nail discoloration or lifting. Its not usually serious, but the nails may thicken, become brittle, or fall off without treatment. […] The earliest stage of toenail fungus typically involves: slight yellow, whitish, or brownish nail discoloration, subtle nail bed lifting, some mild nail thickening. […] In the moderate stage, you might notice: more intense nail discoloration and thickening, brittle or crumbly nails, mild pain or discomfort. […] When nail fungus is advanced, you may have: severe nail thickening, discoloration, and structural changes, nail crumbling, nearly complete nail detachment from the nail bed, chronic pain or difficulty walking. […] A sign that your nail fungus is healing is when the base of your nail is new and healthy. It may take a few months for nail fungus treatment to start working.

• #8 The Stages of Nail Fungus: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-infection/stages-of-nail-fungus

  Toenail fungus often starts with mild nail discoloration or lifting. Its not usually serious, but the nails may thicken, become brittle, or fall off without treatment. […] The earliest stage of toenail fungus typically involves: slight yellow, whitish, or brownish nail discoloration, subtle nail bed lifting, some mild nail thickening. […] In the moderate stage, you might notice: more intense nail discoloration and thickening, brittle or crumbly nails, mild pain or discomfort. […] When nail fungus is advanced, you may have: severe nail thickening, discoloration, and structural changes, nail crumbling, nearly complete nail detachment from the nail bed, chronic pain or difficulty walking. […] A sign that your nail fungus is healing is when the base of your nail is new and healthy. It may take a few months for nail fungus treatment to start working.

• #9 Types & Stages of Toenail Fungus | Premier Podiatry

  https://www.premier-podiatry.com/blog/types-stages-of-toenail-fungus/

  Common symptoms of a toenail fungus include a thickened, cracked, rough, or crumbly skin surface. Toenail fungus can also cause discolored nails and lead to nail separation if it is not treated early. […] Symptoms are different, depending on the type of fungal nail infection you have. They usually start mild and get severe if they are not treated early. […] Toenail fungus may present in the following ways: White spots on the surface of the toenail, Change of toenail color, such as white, yellow, or brown, The toenail looks chalky or cloudy in spots, Cracked or broken toenail, Dry or brittle toenail, Misshapen or thickened toenails, The toenail pulls away from the nail bed, leaving a gap between the nail and the skin beneath. […] Toenail fungal infections often first develop at the front or side edge of the nail as it is easy for fungus to enter the nail here. You may notice a white or yellow-brown spot just under the nail or a subtle change in texture, but it is something you can easily miss too.

• #10 Early Stage Toenail Fungus: Symptoms & Causes – K Health

  https://khealth.com/learn/fungus/early-stage-toenail-fungus/

  Knowing the first signs of a fungal nail infection (also called onychomycosis) can help you to identify the infection in its early stages. […] In this article, Ill explain the symptoms of early stage toenail fungal infection and what to look out for. […] Symptoms of a toenail fungal infection include several changes in the look or feel of your nails, including: Change in nail shape, Whitish-yellowish or brownish discoloration of the toenails, Brittle or crumbly toenails, Toenails that hurt or become painful, Loosening or lifting of the toenail, Dull toenails that have lost their usual luster and/or shine, Toenails that appear fragile or cracked, White or yellow patches that form on the surface of the toenail (sometimes these patches appear as small dots, other times they appear like spread out streaks), Discolored or brittle parts of the toenail that detach from the nail bed.

• #11 Fungal nail infection: what are the symptoms?

  https://www.excilor.com/en-gb/entry/fungal-nail-infection-what-are-the-symptoms-and-how-do-you-treat-it

  Fungal nail infections are often caused by microscopic fungi. The first symptom is the impact on the periungual tissue (area around the nail). This area becomes red, swollen and painful, sometimes accompanied by a discharge of clear liquid. A yellowish patch will appear on the edge of the nail which will gradually spread. The nail then thickens. The fungal infection will gradually spread and reach the nail matrix which becomes discoloured and whitish in colour. The nail will partially detach. […] The nail will then become discoloured, misshapen and fall off.

• #12 Types & Stages of Toenail Fungus | Premier Podiatry

  https://www.premier-podiatry.com/blog/types-stages-of-toenail-fungus/

  Common symptoms of a toenail fungus include a thickened, cracked, rough, or crumbly skin surface. Toenail fungus can also cause discolored nails and lead to nail separation if it is not treated early. […] Symptoms are different, depending on the type of fungal nail infection you have. They usually start mild and get severe if they are not treated early. […] Toenail fungus may present in the following ways: White spots on the surface of the toenail, Change of toenail color, such as white, yellow, or brown, The toenail looks chalky or cloudy in spots, Cracked or broken toenail, Dry or brittle toenail, Misshapen or thickened toenails, The toenail pulls away from the nail bed, leaving a gap between the nail and the skin beneath. […] Toenail fungal infections often first develop at the front or side edge of the nail as it is easy for fungus to enter the nail here. You may notice a white or yellow-brown spot just under the nail or a subtle change in texture, but it is something you can easily miss too.

• #13 Early Stage Toenail Fungus: Symptoms & Causes – K Health

  https://khealth.com/learn/fungus/early-stage-toenail-fungus/

  In most people, a toenail fungal infection first develops at the front or side edge of the nail. […] For example, you may first notice brittle, cracked, or discolored edges on the the top or side of your toenail (usually your big toenail). […] Without proper treatment, toenail fungus can spread to a larger area of the nail and thicken the nail. […] In some cases, the thickening of the nail can make it difficult to walk or move around easily due to discomfort when the nail is moved. […] Symptoms of a toenail fungal infection include: Discolored nails that appear yellow, brown, or white, Toenails that are brittle or thick, Toenails that are fragile or cracked. […] Symptoms that warrant more immediate medical attention are: A fungal infection that doesnt go away or improve, Toenails that are painful to touch, red, or drain pus.

• #14 The Stages of Nail Fungus: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-infection/stages-of-nail-fungus

  Toenail fungus often starts with mild nail discoloration or lifting. Its not usually serious, but the nails may thicken, become brittle, or fall off without treatment. […] The earliest stage of toenail fungus typically involves: slight yellow, whitish, or brownish nail discoloration, subtle nail bed lifting, some mild nail thickening. […] In the moderate stage, you might notice: more intense nail discoloration and thickening, brittle or crumbly nails, mild pain or discomfort. […] When nail fungus is advanced, you may have: severe nail thickening, discoloration, and structural changes, nail crumbling, nearly complete nail detachment from the nail bed, chronic pain or difficulty walking. […] A sign that your nail fungus is healing is when the base of your nail is new and healthy. It may take a few months for nail fungus treatment to start working.

• #15 Fungal Nail Infections: Symptoms Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/fungal-nail-infections

  Symptoms are different, depending on which type of fungal nail infection you have. They usually start mild and get more serious. […] At first, you may only see a white or yellow spot under your nail. Over time, this spreads and can turn your whole nail white, yellow, green, or black. […] The nail may thicken and could be hard to trim. […] It may start to curl up or down or loosen from the nail bed. […] Your nail could become brittle and crumble when you touch it. […] Your nail may become misshapen. […] You may notice a bad smell. […] It’s easy to ignore fungal nail infections at first, since you may not have any pain. But if you don’t treat them, it can hurt to put any pressure on the area. If an infection gets bad enough, it could even become hard to walk.

• #16 Toenail infection | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/toenail-infection

  An infected toenail may look thickened, crumbly and discoloured. […] Toenail infections can be caused by a fungi. […] Your nail may be destroyed if the infection is not treated. […] If you have a fungal nail infection, you might have: A yellow or brown nail, white spots on your toenail, a crumbling toenail when you cut it, thickening of the nail, the nail coming away from the nail bed (the skin under the nail), pain or a bad smell under your nail. […] Inflammation of the skin around the nail (called paronychia) usually happens quickly. You might have: a painful, red, swollen area of the skin next to your nail, yellow pus under the skin, the nail coming away from the nail bed, painful blisters if the infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus, fever. […] If the infection is not treated, your nail may become deformed or destroyed.

• #17 Toenail Fungus: Pictures of What It Looks Like & Treatment Tips

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-toenail-fungus

  Toenail fungus is an infection that gets in through cracks in your nail or cuts in your skin. It can make your toenail change color or get thicker. It can also hurt. Because toes are often warm and damp, fungus grows well there. Different kinds of fungi and sometimes yeast affect different parts of the nail. Left untreated, an infection could spread to other toenails, skin, or even your fingernails. […] Infected nails are usually thicker than normal and could be warped or oddly shaped. They can break easily. Nails with fungus might look yellow. Sometimes a white dot shows up on the nail and then gets bigger. When fungus builds up under your nail, it can loosen and even separate the nail from the bed. The fungus can also spread to the skin around your nail.

• #18 Fungal Nail Infection – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/fungal-nail-infection

  Fungal nail infections often start after a fungal infection on the feet. They occur more often in toenails than in fingernails. They are most often seen in adults as they age. […] Symptoms include nail changes on one or more nails (usually toenails), such as: […] Brittleness […] Change in nail shape […] Crumbling of the outside edges of the nail […] Debris trapped under the nail […] Loosening or lifting of the nail […] Loss of luster and shine on the nail surface […] Thickening of the nail […] White or yellow streaks on the side of the nail. […] The fungal nail infection is cured by the growth of new, non-infected nails. Nails grow slowly. Even if treatment is successful, it may take up to a year for a new clear nail to grow. […] Fungal nail infections may be hard to treat. Medicines clear up fungus in about one half of the people who try them. […] Even when treatment works, the fungus may return.

• #19 Nail fungus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/nail-fungus

  Nail fungus is a common infection of the nail. It begins as a white or yellow-brown spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, the nail may discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. Nail fungus can affect several nails. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include a nail or nails that are: Thickened, Discolored, Brittle, crumbly or ragged, Misshapen, Separated from the nail bed, Smelly. […] You may want to see a health care provider if self-care steps haven’t helped and the nail becomes increasingly discolored, thickened or misshapen.

• #20 The Stages of Nail Fungus: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-infection/stages-of-nail-fungus

  Toenail fungus often starts with mild nail discoloration or lifting. Its not usually serious, but the nails may thicken, become brittle, or fall off without treatment. […] The earliest stage of toenail fungus typically involves: slight yellow, whitish, or brownish nail discoloration, subtle nail bed lifting, some mild nail thickening. […] In the moderate stage, you might notice: more intense nail discoloration and thickening, brittle or crumbly nails, mild pain or discomfort. […] When nail fungus is advanced, you may have: severe nail thickening, discoloration, and structural changes, nail crumbling, nearly complete nail detachment from the nail bed, chronic pain or difficulty walking. […] A sign that your nail fungus is healing is when the base of your nail is new and healthy. It may take a few months for nail fungus treatment to start working.

• #21 Fungal Nail Infection: Overview, Causes & Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-nail-infection

  Fungal nail infections are common and are caused by fungi that live in the environment. They enter through small cracks in your nail or the nearby skin, causing infection. […] Fungal infections normally develop over time, so any immediate difference in the way your nail looks or feels may be too subtle to notice at first. […] Common signs of a fungal nail infection include: a distorted nail that may lift off from the nail bed, an odor coming from the infected nail, a brittle or thickened nail. […] Nails that are brittle, discolored, or unusually thick are likely to have a fungal infection. A fungal infection may cause nails to crumble and crack easily. They may turn white or yellow. The entire nail may loosen and lift off and the surrounding skin can swell and grow painful. […] Left untreated, toenail fungus is unlikely to resolve by itself. The infection may stay in the same place on the nail, or it may spread and worsen.

• #22 Fungal nail infection symptoms – Booksy.com

  https://blog.booksy.com/en/nails/fungal-nail-infection-symptoms/

  Fungal nail infection is a condition that causes brittleness and discolouration of the nails. This condition commonly affects feet nails, especially the toes. The fungal infection usually starts as a white or yellow spot beneath your fingernail or toenails tips. However, as the infection worsens, it goes deeper and causes more prevalent symptoms like thickening and crumbling the nails from the edge. […] Fungal nail infection symptoms include: Discolouration of the nail, Thickening of the nail, Distortion of the nails, Pain or discomfort, Brittleness and crumbling, Curling or loosening of the nail, Itchiness and cracking of the skin, Foul smell. […] Most fungal infections of the nails start with discolouration (regardless of the type). Your nails may turn white, black, yellow, or green, depending on the type of fungal infection.

• #23 Types & Stages of Toenail Fungus | Premier Podiatry

  https://www.premier-podiatry.com/blog/types-stages-of-toenail-fungus/

  This is the stage where the nail is thick enough to cause pain, especially when you wear shoes or participate in activities that put pressure on the toenail. The fungus will continue to spread and may even spread to other nails and worsen if left untreated. […] It is the final stage, where the infected nail or nails turn very thick and brittle. They may even begin to detach from the nail bed. In severe cases, the fungal infection can also spread to the surrounding nails and skin.

• #24 The Stages of Nail Fungus: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-infection/stages-of-nail-fungus

  Toenail fungus often starts with mild nail discoloration or lifting. Its not usually serious, but the nails may thicken, become brittle, or fall off without treatment. […] The earliest stage of toenail fungus typically involves: slight yellow, whitish, or brownish nail discoloration, subtle nail bed lifting, some mild nail thickening. […] In the moderate stage, you might notice: more intense nail discoloration and thickening, brittle or crumbly nails, mild pain or discomfort. […] When nail fungus is advanced, you may have: severe nail thickening, discoloration, and structural changes, nail crumbling, nearly complete nail detachment from the nail bed, chronic pain or difficulty walking. […] A sign that your nail fungus is healing is when the base of your nail is new and healthy. It may take a few months for nail fungus treatment to start working.

• #25 Toenail Fungus Warning Signs| Family Foot Care & Surgery

  https://patelpodiatry.com/blog/toenail-fungus-warning-signs/

  In Stage 3, the infection becomes severe, with the nail turning brown or black and becoming crumbly. At this point, pain, swelling, and a foul odor may develop. Severe cases may require advanced treatments like laser therapy or even full nail removal. This stage is the most challenging to treat and can significantly impact daily activities due to discomfort.

• #26 Top 5 Signs Your Toenail Fungus May Have Escalated to an Infection: Rocky Mountain Foot & Ankle Center: Foot & Ankle Surgeons

  https://www.rockymountainfootandanklecenter.com/blog/top-5-signs-your-toenail-fungus-may-have-escalated-to-an-infection

  A little case of toenail fungus is practically a rite of passage you quickly learn not to go barefoot in a locker room or shared shower area again and to always pack clean socks. […] If the fungus takes a strong hold under the nail, you can end up with a nasty infection. […] You need to get to a podiatrist if you see any of the following serious symptoms of fungal toenail infection: […] If your nail turns white and chalky or yellow, its not a good sign. If it turns brown or green, its a very bad sign. It means the fungus has really gotten out of control, and your toe is infected. […] If your nail starts to curl downward or upward, its time to be concerned. If it lifts away from the nail bed, youve got a real problem. It means the connection between your nail and your toe is being destroyed by infection.

• #27 Top 5 Signs Your Toenail Fungus May Have Escalated to an Infection: Rocky Mountain Foot & Ankle Center: Foot & Ankle Surgeons

  https://www.rockymountainfootandanklecenter.com/blog/top-5-signs-your-toenail-fungus-may-have-escalated-to-an-infection

  If your nail gets brittle and breaks easily, its a sign the fungal infection is changing the composition of the nail. If it becomes soft and chalky and starts to crumble away, the infection is starting to become severe. […] Feet are stinky, but if a bad odor is coming from your nails, its probably fungus. If the stench is awful even after a good scrubbing, its likely an infection run amok. […] Your nails may feel sensitive if youre on your feet a lot, or your shoes are too small, but pain that comes from under the nail bed is likely from a fungal infection and is a sign you need medical attention.

• #28 Fungal Nail Infection | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Canesten

  https://www.canesten.co.uk/skin-and-foot-health/fungal-nail

  As the infection progresses, the edge of the nail may become brittle and pieces can break off. You might also notice the nail lifting off the nail bed. This is caused by the fungus breaking down the nail and depositing debris called keratin under the nail which builds up and causes the nail to lift off. […] It initially forms white spots on the surface which gradually spread to the entire nail, causing it to become soft and crumbly. The top of the nail becomes covered with chalky powder due to the infection. […] Fungal nail will not clear up on its own and fungal nail treatment will depend on the severity of the infection. Fungal nail infections can take a long time to clear because your nail grows slowly, and you will only notice improvement once a new nail has grown through.

• #29 The Stages of Nail Fungus: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-infection/stages-of-nail-fungus

  Toenail fungus often starts with mild nail discoloration or lifting. Its not usually serious, but the nails may thicken, become brittle, or fall off without treatment. […] The earliest stage of toenail fungus typically involves: slight yellow, whitish, or brownish nail discoloration, subtle nail bed lifting, some mild nail thickening. […] In the moderate stage, you might notice: more intense nail discoloration and thickening, brittle or crumbly nails, mild pain or discomfort. […] When nail fungus is advanced, you may have: severe nail thickening, discoloration, and structural changes, nail crumbling, nearly complete nail detachment from the nail bed, chronic pain or difficulty walking. […] A sign that your nail fungus is healing is when the base of your nail is new and healthy. It may take a few months for nail fungus treatment to start working.

• #30 Top 5 Signs Your Toenail Fungus May Have Escalated to an Infection: Rocky Mountain Foot & Ankle Center: Foot & Ankle Surgeons

  https://www.rockymountainfootandanklecenter.com/blog/top-5-signs-your-toenail-fungus-may-have-escalated-to-an-infection

  If your nail gets brittle and breaks easily, its a sign the fungal infection is changing the composition of the nail. If it becomes soft and chalky and starts to crumble away, the infection is starting to become severe. […] Feet are stinky, but if a bad odor is coming from your nails, its probably fungus. If the stench is awful even after a good scrubbing, its likely an infection run amok. […] Your nails may feel sensitive if youre on your feet a lot, or your shoes are too small, but pain that comes from under the nail bed is likely from a fungal infection and is a sign you need medical attention.

• #31 Toenail infection | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/toenail-infection

  An infected toenail may look thickened, crumbly and discoloured. […] Toenail infections can be caused by a fungi. […] Your nail may be destroyed if the infection is not treated. […] If you have a fungal nail infection, you might have: A yellow or brown nail, white spots on your toenail, a crumbling toenail when you cut it, thickening of the nail, the nail coming away from the nail bed (the skin under the nail), pain or a bad smell under your nail. […] Inflammation of the skin around the nail (called paronychia) usually happens quickly. You might have: a painful, red, swollen area of the skin next to your nail, yellow pus under the skin, the nail coming away from the nail bed, painful blisters if the infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus, fever. […] If the infection is not treated, your nail may become deformed or destroyed.

• #32 Toenail Fungus Warning Signs| Family Foot Care & Surgery

  https://patelpodiatry.com/blog/toenail-fungus-warning-signs/

  In Stage 3, the infection becomes severe, with the nail turning brown or black and becoming crumbly. At this point, pain, swelling, and a foul odor may develop. Severe cases may require advanced treatments like laser therapy or even full nail removal. This stage is the most challenging to treat and can significantly impact daily activities due to discomfort.

• #33 Toenail infection | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/toenail-infection

  An infected toenail may look thickened, crumbly and discoloured. […] Toenail infections can be caused by a fungi. […] Your nail may be destroyed if the infection is not treated. […] If you have a fungal nail infection, you might have: A yellow or brown nail, white spots on your toenail, a crumbling toenail when you cut it, thickening of the nail, the nail coming away from the nail bed (the skin under the nail), pain or a bad smell under your nail. […] Inflammation of the skin around the nail (called paronychia) usually happens quickly. You might have: a painful, red, swollen area of the skin next to your nail, yellow pus under the skin, the nail coming away from the nail bed, painful blisters if the infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus, fever. […] If the infection is not treated, your nail may become deformed or destroyed.

• #34 Types of Toenail Fungus: Pictures, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-toenail-fungus-7555134

  There are three main types of toenail fungal infections, also known as onychomycosis or tinea unguium, that can change the appearance of your toenails. Theyre quite common, affecting up to 14% of people. […] While fungal nail infections arent a serious health problem, they can sometimes cause pain. More often, though, theyre a cosmetic problem, as the toenail may become thick, discolored, or cracked. […] The fungus may infect one nail or multiple nails and the surrounding skin. Each type has its own signs, symptoms, causes, and appearance. […] The most common type of toenail fungus is subungual onychomycosis. It may affect the tip or sides of the nail. Look for: Lifting of the nail, Discoloration, Crumbling. […] Less often, the infection begins at the base of the nail. This area then thickens and becomes discolored. This is associated with a compromised immune system, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

• #35

  https://bpac.org.nz/2025/fungal-nails.aspx

  Fungal nail infection (onychomycosis) is a common clinical problem, especially in older adults, and can significantly impact quality of life. […] Onychomycosis is not only a cosmetic issue; severe fungal nail infection may have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life. […] Most cases of onychomycosis are characterised by onychauxis (thickening), onychoschizia (brittle nails), discolouration (usually yellow, white or brown) and onycholysis (separating of the nail from the nail bed). […] Onychomycosis can be classified into different morphological types based on the pattern of nail involvement. […] Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis is the most common classification and is usually caused by dermatophyte infection, e.g. T. rubrum. […] It can take three to six months for fingernails and up to 18 months for toenails to return to normal.

• #36 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/NailFungus/comments/1h6ukh7/different_types_of_toenail_fungus_and_how_to_spot/

  This is the most common type of nail fungus, and it usually starts at the tip of your nail, working its way underneath. Its caused by dermatophyte fungi, which love to hang out in warm, moist places (like sweaty socks or damp shoes). […] Your nail starts to look yellowish or whitish at the edge. […] The nail might become thicker, brittle, or crumbly. […] Over time, the nail can lift away from the nail bed (which is as uncomfortable as it sounds). […] This type is a little sneakier and usually affects toenails. Instead of attacking from underneath, it starts on the top layer of the nail. […] Small white spots or patches on the nail surface. […] Over time, these spots can spread, making your nail look chalky or powdery. […] The nail might become rough but usually doesn’t thicken as much as with other types.

• #37 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/NailFungus/comments/1h6ukh7/different_types_of_toenail_fungus_and_how_to_spot/

  This is the most common type of nail fungus, and it usually starts at the tip of your nail, working its way underneath. Its caused by dermatophyte fungi, which love to hang out in warm, moist places (like sweaty socks or damp shoes). […] Your nail starts to look yellowish or whitish at the edge. […] The nail might become thicker, brittle, or crumbly. […] Over time, the nail can lift away from the nail bed (which is as uncomfortable as it sounds). […] This type is a little sneakier and usually affects toenails. Instead of attacking from underneath, it starts on the top layer of the nail. […] Small white spots or patches on the nail surface. […] Over time, these spots can spread, making your nail look chalky or powdery. […] The nail might become rough but usually doesn’t thicken as much as with other types.

• #38 Fungal Nail Infection: Treatment, Causes, Medications & Picture

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/onychomycosis/article_em.htm

  In distal lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), the nail plate is thick with a cloudy appearance (opaque), the nail bed underneath the nail thickens (becomes raised) and hardens (nail bed hyperkeratosis), and the nail separates from the bed underneath (onycholysis). The nail can be discolored and appear from white to brown. The edge of the nail becomes severely eroded (ragged and brittle) and may become flaky (peeling). […] In endonym onychomycosis (EO), the nail plate has a milky white discoloration, but unlike DLSO, the nail does not separate from the bed (no onycholysis). The area under the nail (subungual area) does not thicken or harden (no hyperkeratosis). […] White superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is usually confined to the toenails. Small white speckled or powdery-looking patches appear on the surface of the nail plate. The nail becomes rough and crumbles easily (crumbly nails).

• #39 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/NailFungus/comments/1h6ukh7/different_types_of_toenail_fungus_and_how_to_spot/

  This one is less common but worth mentioning. It usually starts at the base of the nail and moves upward. Its more common in people with weakened immune systems. […] A white or discolored area at the base of your nail. […] The infection spreads upward toward the tip over time. […] Your nail might become brittle or separate from the nail bed. […] Candida isn’t just a fungus it’s an overachiever. It can infect nails, especially if your hands or feet are exposed to water a lot (think dishwashing or sweaty socks). […] The skin around your nail might become swollen, red, and tender. […] Your nail might turn white, yellow, green, or even brown. […] The nail can lift or completely come off in severe cases. […] Discoloration or thickening could also be caused by trauma (like dropping something heavy on your toe), psoriasis, or even aging. But if the changes happen gradually and you notice other symptoms like brittleness, crumbling, or separation, it’s a good indicator you might be dealing with a fungal infection.

• #40 Fungal Nail Infection: Treatment, Causes, Medications & Picture

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/onychomycosis/article_em.htm

  In proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO), an area of white spotting, streaking, or discoloration (leukonychia) develops near the nail fold and may extend to deeper layers of the nail. The nail plate becomes white near the cuticle and remains normal at the end. […] In total dystrophic onychomycosis, the nail is thickened, opaque, and yellow-brown and/or greenish-brown to black. The entire nail plate and matrix are affected. […] Yeast infection (Candida albicans), while affecting the nail, can appear with additional signs. Candidal infection can occur in the toenails and the fingernails but may also infect the tissue that surrounds the nail. The nail fold becomes inflamed (erythematous), or the nail plate separates from its bed (onycholysis). The nail bed thickens and hardens (nail bed hyperkeratosis), and inflammation of the nail fold is observed in chronic mucocutaneous disease (disease of mucous membrane and regular skin). The affected fingers or toes start to look round on the ends, like drumsticks, and, sometimes, the entire thickness of the nail becomes infected. […] Some fungal infections may be associated with an odor described as a slightly foul odor or a „cheesy” odor. This odor may be due to chemicals (S-methyl thioesters) produced by bacteria that can colonize fungal-infected and other warm, damp areas.

• #41 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/NailFungus/comments/1h6ukh7/different_types_of_toenail_fungus_and_how_to_spot/

  This one is less common but worth mentioning. It usually starts at the base of the nail and moves upward. Its more common in people with weakened immune systems. […] A white or discolored area at the base of your nail. […] The infection spreads upward toward the tip over time. […] Your nail might become brittle or separate from the nail bed. […] Candida isn’t just a fungus it’s an overachiever. It can infect nails, especially if your hands or feet are exposed to water a lot (think dishwashing or sweaty socks). […] The skin around your nail might become swollen, red, and tender. […] Your nail might turn white, yellow, green, or even brown. […] The nail can lift or completely come off in severe cases. […] Discoloration or thickening could also be caused by trauma (like dropping something heavy on your toe), psoriasis, or even aging. But if the changes happen gradually and you notice other symptoms like brittleness, crumbling, or separation, it’s a good indicator you might be dealing with a fungal infection.

• #42 Fungal Nail Infections — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/fungal-nail-infections

  Fungal nail infections are also known as tinea unguium in the case of dermatophyte infections. […] Onychomycosis may affect a single nail or multiple, commonly affecting the first toenail. It may also affect the surrounding skin, however, very rarely causes systemic involvement. […] Features that are observed include: Subungual hyperkeratosis scaling occurs under the nail, Jagged and crumbling of the free end of the nail plate, Discolouration of the nail, eg, yellow, white, grey, or green discolouration, Ridging, crumbling, and sometimes eventual complete nail plate destruction. […] Onychomycosis may complicate other nail pathology such as trauma or psoriasis. […] Candida infection of the nail plate generally results from paronychia and starts near the nail fold (the cuticle). […] Mould infections are similar in appearance to tinea unguium.

• #43 Fungal Nail Infection: Treatment, Causes, Medications & Picture

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/onychomycosis/article_em.htm

  In proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO), an area of white spotting, streaking, or discoloration (leukonychia) develops near the nail fold and may extend to deeper layers of the nail. The nail plate becomes white near the cuticle and remains normal at the end. […] In total dystrophic onychomycosis, the nail is thickened, opaque, and yellow-brown and/or greenish-brown to black. The entire nail plate and matrix are affected. […] Yeast infection (Candida albicans), while affecting the nail, can appear with additional signs. Candidal infection can occur in the toenails and the fingernails but may also infect the tissue that surrounds the nail. The nail fold becomes inflamed (erythematous), or the nail plate separates from its bed (onycholysis). The nail bed thickens and hardens (nail bed hyperkeratosis), and inflammation of the nail fold is observed in chronic mucocutaneous disease (disease of mucous membrane and regular skin). The affected fingers or toes start to look round on the ends, like drumsticks, and, sometimes, the entire thickness of the nail becomes infected. […] Some fungal infections may be associated with an odor described as a slightly foul odor or a „cheesy” odor. This odor may be due to chemicals (S-methyl thioesters) produced by bacteria that can colonize fungal-infected and other warm, damp areas.

• #44 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-and-diagnosis-of-fungal-nail-infections.aspx

  Fungal nail infections, also called onychomycosis, are among the most common nail disorders. The most common feature is affliction of the lateral edges or sides of the nail bed initially. The spread occurs over the nail bed leading to yellowish or creamy discoloration of the nails. The white and creamy patches indicate places where the nail has been detached from the nail beds. The nail also becomes thickened. The nail becomes soft or brittle and crumbles or breaks away. The progress of the nail infection usually takes weeks or more slowly over months or years. As time progresses the nail becomes opaque, thickened and cracked, friable and raised from the nail bed. Skin around the nail becomes inflamed, scaly and shows signs of fungal infections. Toe nails are more commonly affected than finger nails with 80% of cases affecting the feet.

• #45 How to Know if Your Toenail Fungus is Healing? // Midwest Podiatry Centers

  https://midwestpodiatrycenters.com/blog/how-to-know-if-your-toenail-fungus-is-healing/

  The healing process of toenail fungus occurs in stages. Understanding these stages can help you track your progress and stay committed to the treatment: Initial Treatment Stage: The nail shows minimal signs of improvement; the focus is on stopping the spread of the fungus. Early Healing Stage: Initial reduction in discoloration and thickness, with some healthy nail growth visible. Mid-Healing Stage: Significant improvement in the appearance and texture of the nail, with clear new growth dominating. Late Healing Stage: The majority of the nail is healthy, with only a small portion of the infected area remaining. Full Recovery Stage: Complete regrowth of a healthy nail, with no signs of infection.

• #46

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=&cat_id=&tid=3520

  Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are typically caused by the overgrowth of fungi in, under, or on the nail. The most common culprits are dermatophytes, a group of fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments. Here are some factors that could contribute to the development of a fungal nail infection: Warm and Moist Environments: Fungi thrive in warm and moist conditions. Walking barefoot in communal areas like swimming pools, gyms, and locker rooms can expose your feet to fungal organisms. Poor Foot Hygiene: Inadequate foot hygiene, such as not drying your feet thoroughly after bathing or wearing damp socks and shoes, can create an environment conducive to fungal growth. Trauma or Injury: Fungi can enter the nail through small cuts or injuries around the nail bed. This is more likely to occur if you have damaged or injured your toenail. Footwear: Wearing tight, closed shoes that don’t allow proper ventilation can create an environment where fungi thrive. Additionally, using someone else’s shoes or sharing nail clippers can increase the risk of infection. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or circulatory problems are more susceptible to fungal infections, including fungal nail infections. Aging: As people age, nails can become more brittle and develop tiny cracks, providing an entry point for fungi. Existing Skin Conditions: If you have a pre-existing skin condition, such as athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), it can spread to the nails and lead to a fungal nail infection. Nail Salons: Poor sanitation practices at nail salons, such as the use of contaminated tools, can contribute to the spread of fungal infections.

• #47 The Stages of Nail Fungus: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-infection/stages-of-nail-fungus

  It may take 12 to 18 months for a nail fungus infection to completely clear up. […] Your nail fungus may be getting worse if the nail is more discolored, thick, brittle, and crumbly. In more severe cases, the nail may start to detach from the nail bed or make walking difficult. […] Toenail fungus often starts as subtle nail discoloration or lifting, but it can thicken, become brittle, and cause nail loss without treatment. Detecting it early, practicing foot hygiene, and using antifungal tablets or creams can help stop its progression.

• #48 Fungal Nail Infection: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/infections/fungal-nail-infection-tinea-unguium

  Fungal infection of nails (tinea unguium) is common, particularly in toenails in the elderly. The infection causes thickened and unsightly nails which sometimes become painful. Medication often works well to clear the infection but you may need to take medication for several months or longer. […] The most common symptoms are: Thickened nail. Discoloured nail (often a yellowish colour). […] Sometimes the infection becomes worse and additional symptoms occur. These include: The nail becoming soft and crumbling. White or yellow patches appearing where the nail has come away from the skin. The skin next to the nail becoming inflamed or scaly. […] If left untreated, the infection may eventually destroy the nail and the nail bed, and may become painful. Walking may become uncomfortable if a toenail is affected. […] Fingernails grow faster than toenails, so it may appear they are quicker to get back to normal. It may take up to a year after starting treatment before toenails look completely normal again and six months for fingernails to look completely normal.

• #49 Nail fungus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353300

  Your health care provider will examine your nails and perhaps take some nail clippings or scrape debris from under your nail. These samples are sent to a lab to identify the cause of your symptoms. […] Treatment for toenail fungus isn’t always needed. And sometimes self-care and nonprescription products clear up the infection. Talk with your health care provider if your condition doesn’t improve. Treatment depends on the severity of your condition and the type of fungus causing it. It can take months to see results. And even if your nail condition improves, repeat infections are common. […] You typically take this type of drug daily for 6 to 12 weeks. But you won’t see the end result of treatment until the nail grows back completely. It may take four months or longer to eliminate an infection.

• #50 Fungal nail infection

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fungal-nail-infection/

  You may have a fungal nail infection if your nail is brittle, discoloured or thicker than usual. These types of infections are not serious but they can take a long time to treat. […] Fungal nail infections usually start at the edge of the nail. […] The infection often spreads to all of the nail, making it thicker and turning it white or yellow. […] The nail may become brittle and crumbly. The whole nail can sometimes lift off, causing the skin around it to become swollen and painful. […] The infection is cured when you see healthy nail growing back at the base.

• #51 How to Know if Your Toenail Fungus is Healing? // Midwest Podiatry Centers

  https://midwestpodiatrycenters.com/blog/how-to-know-if-your-toenail-fungus-is-healing/

  Toenail fungus (onychomycosis) is a fungal infection that affects the nails, causing discoloration, thickening, and brittleness. Common symptoms of toenail fungus include yellow, brown, or white discoloration, thickened nails, and brittle, crumbly texture. […] Look for the following signs of healing toenail fungus: Reduced Discoloration: The nail begins to regain its normal color, transitioning from yellow, brown, or white back to its natural shade. Improved Nail Texture: The nail becomes smoother and less brittle, with fewer crumbles and breaks. Clear Nail Growth: New, healthy nail growth appears from the base of the nail bed, free of discoloration or distortion. Decreased Thickness: The nail starts to thin out and return to its regular thickness. Reduced Odor: A noticeable decrease in the unpleasant smell associated with fungal infection. Reduced Pain and Discomfort: Any associated pain or discomfort diminishes as the infection clears.

• #52 Onychomycosis – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/nail-disorders/onychomycosis

  Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. […] Infected nails have an abnormal appearance but are not itchy or painful. In mild infections, the nails have patches of white or yellow discoloration. A chalky, white scale may slowly spread beneath the nails surface. In more severe infections, the nails thicken and appear deformed and discolored. They may detach from the nail bed. […] These fungal infections are difficult to cure but do not usually cause complications, so treatment is recommended only if symptoms are particularly severe or bothersome or if the person is at risk of complications. For example, people who have diabetes or peripheral vascular disease and onychomycosis are at risk of developing potentially serious infection of the skin and soft tissues in the feet and legs (called cellulitis). […] However, even then the nail will not appear normal until new, healthy nail finishes growing out, which can take 12 to 18 months. The existing deformed or discolored nail does not improve, but newly growing nail should appear normal.

• #53

  https://bpac.org.nz/2025/fungal-nails.aspx

  Fungal nail infection (onychomycosis) is a common clinical problem, especially in older adults, and can significantly impact quality of life. […] Onychomycosis is not only a cosmetic issue; severe fungal nail infection may have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life. […] Most cases of onychomycosis are characterised by onychauxis (thickening), onychoschizia (brittle nails), discolouration (usually yellow, white or brown) and onycholysis (separating of the nail from the nail bed). […] Onychomycosis can be classified into different morphological types based on the pattern of nail involvement. […] Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis is the most common classification and is usually caused by dermatophyte infection, e.g. T. rubrum. […] It can take three to six months for fingernails and up to 18 months for toenails to return to normal.

• #54 Fungal nail infections – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/fungal-infections-of-the-nails/

  Fungal nail infections are also known as dermatophytic onychomycosis, or tinea unguium. […] At the start, there are usually no symptoms. Later the nails may become so thick that they hurt when they press on the inside of a shoe. […] The look of an infected nail, particularly a fingernail, may cause embarrassment. […] The infected areas turn white or yellowish, and become thickened and crumbly. […] When fungi infect a nail, they usually start at its free edge, and then spread down the side of the nail towards the base of the cuticle. […] Eventually the whole nail may be involved. […] The nails most commonly affected by fungal infections are those on the big and little toe. […] Fingernail infections clear up more quickly and completely than toenail ones; it can take 18 months for a toenail infection to grow out completely.

• #55 The Complete Guide to Nail Fungus | Skin And Cancer Institute

  https://skinandcancerinstitute.com/the-complete-guide-to-nail-fungus/

  Have you ever had a finger or toenail that turned yellow, became thick and brittle, and generally looked different? If so, then you’ve probably had a fungal nail infection. The most common symptom of fungal nail infection is a change in the nails appearance. The nail may become thicker, discolored, or misshapen. In some cases, the nail may separate from the skin beneath it. If the infection is left untreated, it can spread to other nails or skin. Nail fungus can also cause the nails to separate from the nail bed. In severe cases, nail fungus can lead to loss of the nail. […] Fungal nail infections look like this: Whitish to yellow-brown discoloration, Nail edges that are brittle, Nails that crumble when touched, A nail shape that looks distorted, Under the nail debris that keeps coming back after cleaning, A bad smell. […] Treatment for nail fungus often takes several weeks or months to work. It’s important to continue taking the medication for as long as your doctor recommends, even if your nails look better. Stopping treatment too soon can allow the fungus to come back.

• #56 Fungal Nail Infections — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/fungal-nail-infections

  Fungal nail infections are often regarded as a trivial cosmetic problem. However, the effect it may have on ones quality of life is undervalued as it can cause significant pain affecting full mobility and activities, and social stigma. […] Approximately 20-25% of treated onychomycosis unfortunately relapse due to patient or pathogen factors such as poor circulation, advancing age, diabetes, immunosuppression, severe fungal nail clinical findings, mixed infections, and incomplete treatment.

• #57

  https://bpac.org.nz/2025/fungal-nails.aspx

  Antifungal treatment courses often need to be repeated. […] If there has been no evidence of improvement after approximately three months, check treatment adherence and application technique (for topical antifungals) before reconfirming mycology. […] Up to one-quarter of patients treated for onychomycosis experience recurrence of infection.

• #58 Toenail Fungus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/hs/toenail-fungus/prevention-and-treatment/

  Toenail fungus can be very persistent. Treatment can be effective, but it can take a long time. With treatment, depending on the type, toenail fungus can go away anywhere between several weeks to a year. The infection can also recur. If treatment is incomplete, the toenail may look healthy but the fungus can reappear, especially if you dont follow preventive measures. […] Research suggests that infection recurs in 10 to 53 percent of cases, usually within three years of finishing treatment, either due to a new infection or the return of the previous one.

• #59 Fungal Nail Infection – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/fungal-nail-infection

  Fungal nail infections often start after a fungal infection on the feet. They occur more often in toenails than in fingernails. They are most often seen in adults as they age. […] Symptoms include nail changes on one or more nails (usually toenails), such as: […] Brittleness […] Change in nail shape […] Crumbling of the outside edges of the nail […] Debris trapped under the nail […] Loosening or lifting of the nail […] Loss of luster and shine on the nail surface […] Thickening of the nail […] White or yellow streaks on the side of the nail. […] The fungal nail infection is cured by the growth of new, non-infected nails. Nails grow slowly. Even if treatment is successful, it may take up to a year for a new clear nail to grow. […] Fungal nail infections may be hard to treat. Medicines clear up fungus in about one half of the people who try them. […] Even when treatment works, the fungus may return.

• #60 Nail fungus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294

  Nail fungus can cause the nail to become thick, ragged and discolored. An infected nail may separate from the nail bed. […] Nail fungus is a common infection of the nail. It begins as a white or yellow-brown spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, the nail may discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. Nail fungus can affect several nails. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include a nail or nails that are: Thickened, Discolored, Brittle, crumbly or ragged, Misshapen, Separated from the nail bed, Smelly. […] You may want to see a health care provider if self-care steps haven’t helped and the nail becomes increasingly discolored, thickened or misshapen. […] A severe case of nail fungus can be painful and may cause permanent damage to your nails. And it may lead to other serious infections that spread beyond your feet if you have a suppressed immune system due to medication, diabetes or other conditions.

• #61 Identifying Early Nail Fungus Symptoms | Pinnacle Dermatology

  https://www.pinnacleskin.com/blog/identifying-early-nail-fungus-symptoms

  Early intervention can prevent the spread of the infection and safeguard your overall health, ensuring the best possible outcome for your skin and nails. […] This condition, if left untreated, can lead to further complications, including secondary bacterial infections. […] It’s essential to recognize the early symptoms and understand that nail fungus is more than a cosmetic concern; it’s a health issue that requires attention. […] Understanding the difference between nail fungus and other conditions like psoriasis is vital for effective treatment. […] If a patient presents with nail changes that suggest a fungal infection, we at Pinnacle Dermatology promptly initiate diagnostic procedures. […] When symptoms such as increased pain, redness, or swelling suggest a spreading infection like cellulitis, especially in individuals with diabetes, it’s time to seek our professional medical advice at Pinnacle Dermatology.

• #62 Fungal Nail Infection: Overview, Causes & Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-nail-infection

  For some people, a fungal nail infection can be difficult to cure, and the first round of medication might not work. The nail infection cant be considered cured until a new nail thats free from infection has grown in. […] Although this indicates that the nail is no longer infected, its possible for the fungal infection to return. In severe cases, there may be permanent damage to your nail, and it may have to be removed.

• #63 Toenail infection | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/toenail-infection

  An infected toenail may look thickened, crumbly and discoloured. […] Toenail infections can be caused by a fungi. […] Your nail may be destroyed if the infection is not treated. […] If you have a fungal nail infection, you might have: A yellow or brown nail, white spots on your toenail, a crumbling toenail when you cut it, thickening of the nail, the nail coming away from the nail bed (the skin under the nail), pain or a bad smell under your nail. […] Inflammation of the skin around the nail (called paronychia) usually happens quickly. You might have: a painful, red, swollen area of the skin next to your nail, yellow pus under the skin, the nail coming away from the nail bed, painful blisters if the infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus, fever. […] If the infection is not treated, your nail may become deformed or destroyed.

• #64 Fungal nail infection | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/fungal-nail-infection

  Fungal nail infections usually affect your toenails but you can get them on your finger nails too. […] A fungal nail infection may not cause any obvious symptoms at first. […] As it progresses, the infection can cause: discolouration of the nail it may turn white, black, yellow or green, thickening and distortion of the nail it may become an unusual shape or texture and be difficult to trim, pain or discomfort particularly when using or placing pressure on the affected toe or finger, brittle or crumbly nails pieces may break off and come away completely. […] Sometimes the skin nearby may also become infected. The skin can be itchy and cracked or red and swollen.

• #65 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-and-diagnosis-of-fungal-nail-infections.aspx

  There is usually a white chalky plaque on the nail and occurs almost exclusively on the toenails. The top of the nails or nail plate is more commonly affected than the nail bed unlike DLSO. The nail plate may become eroded and even lost. There is a whitish yellow discoloration of the nails and flakes over the nail plate. The nail may become brittle and friable and break off. […] The infection begins with a white spot beneath the nail bed that fills up the nail bed completely. The nail becomes white especially towards the base of the nail and remains normal at the tips. […] There are usually patchy opaque spots that may be discoloured appearing white, yellow, green or black. Sometimes furrows may be seen over the nails. Most cases are on fingernails usually the middle finger. […] Fungal nail infections may be complicated by superimposed bacterial nail bed or nail infections. This is extremely painful and there may be formation of pus.

• #66 Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections Basics | Ringworm | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/about/index.html

  Nail infections (onychomycosis) may cause nails to change colors, become thick, and break easily. […] Fungal nail infections can lead to infections on the skin of the foot.

• #67 Fungal Nail Infections: Symptoms Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/fungal-nail-infections

  Symptoms are different, depending on which type of fungal nail infection you have. They usually start mild and get more serious. […] At first, you may only see a white or yellow spot under your nail. Over time, this spreads and can turn your whole nail white, yellow, green, or black. […] The nail may thicken and could be hard to trim. […] It may start to curl up or down or loosen from the nail bed. […] Your nail could become brittle and crumble when you touch it. […] Your nail may become misshapen. […] You may notice a bad smell. […] It’s easy to ignore fungal nail infections at first, since you may not have any pain. But if you don’t treat them, it can hurt to put any pressure on the area. If an infection gets bad enough, it could even become hard to walk.

• #68 Nail fungus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294

  Nail fungus can cause the nail to become thick, ragged and discolored. An infected nail may separate from the nail bed. […] Nail fungus is a common infection of the nail. It begins as a white or yellow-brown spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, the nail may discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. Nail fungus can affect several nails. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include a nail or nails that are: Thickened, Discolored, Brittle, crumbly or ragged, Misshapen, Separated from the nail bed, Smelly. […] You may want to see a health care provider if self-care steps haven’t helped and the nail becomes increasingly discolored, thickened or misshapen. […] A severe case of nail fungus can be painful and may cause permanent damage to your nails. And it may lead to other serious infections that spread beyond your feet if you have a suppressed immune system due to medication, diabetes or other conditions.

• #69 Onychomycosis causes, symptoms and treatment – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/onychomycosis

  Onychomycosis (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis) is the medical term for a toenail or fingernail fungal infection. It is a common condition, affecting about 10% of the general population. Its more common in older people, and about half of people over age 70 have it. As the fungus infects deeper, the nails can thicken, crumble, become discolored, and may separate from the nail bed. It can affect one or all nails. Severe nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent nail damage. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include nails that are: […] Brittle, crumbly or ragged […] Thickened […] Whitish to yellow-brown discoloration […] Distorted in shape […] A dark color, caused by debris build-up under a nail […] Unpleasant odor […] Painful, in severe cases. […] Severe nail fungus can lead to other infections, especially if you have diabetes, take certain medications or have other conditions. Diabetes can cause reduced blood circulation, and compromise nerves in the feet. Diabetes also puts you at a greater risk of foot ulcers, and cellulitis, a very serious bacterial skin infection.

• #70 Onychomycosis (Nail Infection)

  https://ada.com/conditions/onychomycosis-fungal-nail-infection/

  Brittle […] Broken […] Discolored […] Thickened […] Flaky […] Lifted away from the nail bed […] Mildly painful […] Separated from the nail bed. […] In people with diabetes, fungal toenail infections can increase the likelihood of developing ulceration and other complications, so medical attention should always be sought if a fungal nail infection is suspected. […] Onychomycosis can take a long time to treat, and some fungal nail infections can be resistant to antifungal medications. Treating a fungal nail infection can depend on identifying the appropriate medication that is effective against a particular subtype of infection.

• #71 Onychomycosis causes, symptoms and treatment – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/onychomycosis

  Onychomycosis (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis) is the medical term for a toenail or fingernail fungal infection. It is a common condition, affecting about 10% of the general population. Its more common in older people, and about half of people over age 70 have it. As the fungus infects deeper, the nails can thicken, crumble, become discolored, and may separate from the nail bed. It can affect one or all nails. Severe nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent nail damage. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include nails that are: […] Brittle, crumbly or ragged […] Thickened […] Whitish to yellow-brown discoloration […] Distorted in shape […] A dark color, caused by debris build-up under a nail […] Unpleasant odor […] Painful, in severe cases. […] Severe nail fungus can lead to other infections, especially if you have diabetes, take certain medications or have other conditions. Diabetes can cause reduced blood circulation, and compromise nerves in the feet. Diabetes also puts you at a greater risk of foot ulcers, and cellulitis, a very serious bacterial skin infection.

• #72 Onychomycosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis

  Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. […] The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely. If left untreated, the skin underneath and around the nail can become inflamed and painful. There may also be white or yellow patches on the nailbed or scaly skin next to the nail, and a foul smell. There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe. […] Recurrence may occur following treatment, with a 20-25% relapse rate within 2 years of successful treatment. Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions. The risk is most serious for people with diabetes and with immune systems weakened by leukemia or AIDS, or medication after organ transplant.

• #73 Fungal Nail Infections — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/fungal-nail-infections

  Fungal nail infections are often regarded as a trivial cosmetic problem. However, the effect it may have on ones quality of life is undervalued as it can cause significant pain affecting full mobility and activities, and social stigma. […] Approximately 20-25% of treated onychomycosis unfortunately relapse due to patient or pathogen factors such as poor circulation, advancing age, diabetes, immunosuppression, severe fungal nail clinical findings, mixed infections, and incomplete treatment.

• #74 Fungal Nail Infection: Treatment, Causes, Medications & Picture

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/onychomycosis/article_em.htm

  Fungal nail infection usually does not cause any symptoms (painless) unless the nail becomes so thick it causes pain when wearing shoes. People with fungal nail infections typically go to the doctor for cosmetic reasons, not because of physical pain or problems related to fungal nail infection. […] As the nail thickens, however, fungal nail infections may interfere with standing, walking, and exercising. […] Paresthesia (a sensation of pricking, tingling, or creeping on the skin having no objective cause and usually associated with injury or irritation of a nerve), pain, discomfort, and loss of agility (dexterity) may occur as the disease progresses. Loss of self-esteem, embarrassment and social problems can also develop. […] Symptoms or signs (appearances) of fungal nail infection based on subtype Fungal nail infection is divided into subtypes that can be identified based on where the infection appears to be located relative to the nail’s structure.

• #75 Fungal Nail Infections — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/fungal-nail-infections

  Fungal nail infections are often regarded as a trivial cosmetic problem. However, the effect it may have on ones quality of life is undervalued as it can cause significant pain affecting full mobility and activities, and social stigma. […] Approximately 20-25% of treated onychomycosis unfortunately relapse due to patient or pathogen factors such as poor circulation, advancing age, diabetes, immunosuppression, severe fungal nail clinical findings, mixed infections, and incomplete treatment.

• #76 Tinea Unguium: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-tinea-unguium-6950930

  Tinea unguium is a fungal nail infection that most commonly affects the toenails. The condition impacts up to 14% of the population. […] Initially, nail fungus is painless; however, if left untreated, it can lead to pain, especially when you wear shoes. Instead, you may notice the following tinea unguium symptoms: Nail discoloration, which might be white, yellow, or brown; Debris buildup under the nail; Loose nails; Nail surface that becomes soft, dry, or powdery; Nail thickening; Nail splitting. […] Toenail fungus incidence increases with age. Children are the least affected, with 0.6% of kids under 18 having tinea unguium. On the other hand, around 10% to 20% of adults and 15% to 40% of older people experience the condition. […] Fungal nail infections require a lengthy treatment sometimes for a year. Even after completing treatment, many people find themselves susceptible to reinfection. Some people struggle with feeling self-conscious about the appearance of their nails. […] If you have a nail fungus, your nails may be brittle, discolored, and pull away from your skin. Nail fungus is notoriously difficult to treat, and treatment may last months or as long as a year.

• #77 Tinea Unguium: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-tinea-unguium-6950930

  Tinea unguium is a fungal nail infection that most commonly affects the toenails. The condition impacts up to 14% of the population. […] Initially, nail fungus is painless; however, if left untreated, it can lead to pain, especially when you wear shoes. Instead, you may notice the following tinea unguium symptoms: Nail discoloration, which might be white, yellow, or brown; Debris buildup under the nail; Loose nails; Nail surface that becomes soft, dry, or powdery; Nail thickening; Nail splitting. […] Toenail fungus incidence increases with age. Children are the least affected, with 0.6% of kids under 18 having tinea unguium. On the other hand, around 10% to 20% of adults and 15% to 40% of older people experience the condition. […] Fungal nail infections require a lengthy treatment sometimes for a year. Even after completing treatment, many people find themselves susceptible to reinfection. Some people struggle with feeling self-conscious about the appearance of their nails. […] If you have a nail fungus, your nails may be brittle, discolored, and pull away from your skin. Nail fungus is notoriously difficult to treat, and treatment may last months or as long as a year.

• #78 Toenail Fungus (Onychomycosis/Tinea Unguium): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11303-toenail-fungus

  With toenail fungus, your nail becomes thick and yellow and may show white spots and streaks. Toenail fungus happens when fungi get between your toenail and your toenail bed (the tissue right underneath your toenail). This usually happens through a crack or cut in your toe. Toenail fungus is very common, especially as people start to age. Medical experts estimate that onychomycosis affects 1 in 10 people overall. That number jumps to 1 in 2 (50%) for people older than 70. Tinea unguium can change your toenails appearance in more than one way. Your toenail may: Change color, looking white, yellow or brown. Look chalky or cloudy in some spots. Thicken and possibly look misshapen. Separate from your nail bed (leaving space between your nail and the skin underneath). Crack or break in one or more spots. Not typically. Toenail fungus can be unsightly to look at, but it usually isnt painful. Toenail fungus may spread to the skin between your toes or other areas of your body. Treating toenail fungus takes a long time, and it doesnt always work. Even then, toenail fungus often returns.

• #79 Tinea Unguium: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-tinea-unguium-6950930

  Tinea unguium is a fungal nail infection that most commonly affects the toenails. The condition impacts up to 14% of the population. […] Initially, nail fungus is painless; however, if left untreated, it can lead to pain, especially when you wear shoes. Instead, you may notice the following tinea unguium symptoms: Nail discoloration, which might be white, yellow, or brown; Debris buildup under the nail; Loose nails; Nail surface that becomes soft, dry, or powdery; Nail thickening; Nail splitting. […] Toenail fungus incidence increases with age. Children are the least affected, with 0.6% of kids under 18 having tinea unguium. On the other hand, around 10% to 20% of adults and 15% to 40% of older people experience the condition. […] Fungal nail infections require a lengthy treatment sometimes for a year. Even after completing treatment, many people find themselves susceptible to reinfection. Some people struggle with feeling self-conscious about the appearance of their nails. […] If you have a nail fungus, your nails may be brittle, discolored, and pull away from your skin. Nail fungus is notoriously difficult to treat, and treatment may last months or as long as a year.

• #80

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=&cat_id=&tid=3520

  Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are typically caused by the overgrowth of fungi in, under, or on the nail. The most common culprits are dermatophytes, a group of fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments. Here are some factors that could contribute to the development of a fungal nail infection: Warm and Moist Environments: Fungi thrive in warm and moist conditions. Walking barefoot in communal areas like swimming pools, gyms, and locker rooms can expose your feet to fungal organisms. Poor Foot Hygiene: Inadequate foot hygiene, such as not drying your feet thoroughly after bathing or wearing damp socks and shoes, can create an environment conducive to fungal growth. Trauma or Injury: Fungi can enter the nail through small cuts or injuries around the nail bed. This is more likely to occur if you have damaged or injured your toenail. Footwear: Wearing tight, closed shoes that don’t allow proper ventilation can create an environment where fungi thrive. Additionally, using someone else’s shoes or sharing nail clippers can increase the risk of infection. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or circulatory problems are more susceptible to fungal infections, including fungal nail infections. Aging: As people age, nails can become more brittle and develop tiny cracks, providing an entry point for fungi. Existing Skin Conditions: If you have a pre-existing skin condition, such as athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), it can spread to the nails and lead to a fungal nail infection. Nail Salons: Poor sanitation practices at nail salons, such as the use of contaminated tools, can contribute to the spread of fungal infections.

• #81 Onychomycosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis

  Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. […] The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely. If left untreated, the skin underneath and around the nail can become inflamed and painful. There may also be white or yellow patches on the nailbed or scaly skin next to the nail, and a foul smell. There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe. […] Recurrence may occur following treatment, with a 20-25% relapse rate within 2 years of successful treatment. Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions. The risk is most serious for people with diabetes and with immune systems weakened by leukemia or AIDS, or medication after organ transplant.

• #82 Identifying Early Nail Fungus Symptoms | Pinnacle Dermatology

  https://www.pinnacleskin.com/blog/identifying-early-nail-fungus-symptoms

  When we at Pinnacle Dermatology observe symptoms such as persistent soreness, redness, or swelling around the nail area, these may indicate a spreading infection like candidiasis or cellulitis. […] Should there be a noticeable foul odor, discharge, or a sudden change in nail color or texture, these are clear signs that the infection may be advancing. […] Upon recognizing the persistent symptoms of nail fungus, we at Pinnacle Dermatology advise exploring a range of medical treatments and procedures.

• #83 Fungal Nail Infection: Treatment, Causes, Medications & Picture

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/onychomycosis/article_em.htm

  In proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO), an area of white spotting, streaking, or discoloration (leukonychia) develops near the nail fold and may extend to deeper layers of the nail. The nail plate becomes white near the cuticle and remains normal at the end. […] In total dystrophic onychomycosis, the nail is thickened, opaque, and yellow-brown and/or greenish-brown to black. The entire nail plate and matrix are affected. […] Yeast infection (Candida albicans), while affecting the nail, can appear with additional signs. Candidal infection can occur in the toenails and the fingernails but may also infect the tissue that surrounds the nail. The nail fold becomes inflamed (erythematous), or the nail plate separates from its bed (onycholysis). The nail bed thickens and hardens (nail bed hyperkeratosis), and inflammation of the nail fold is observed in chronic mucocutaneous disease (disease of mucous membrane and regular skin). The affected fingers or toes start to look round on the ends, like drumsticks, and, sometimes, the entire thickness of the nail becomes infected. […] Some fungal infections may be associated with an odor described as a slightly foul odor or a „cheesy” odor. This odor may be due to chemicals (S-methyl thioesters) produced by bacteria that can colonize fungal-infected and other warm, damp areas.

• #84 Onychomycosis causes, symptoms and treatment – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/onychomycosis

  Onychomycosis (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis) is the medical term for a toenail or fingernail fungal infection. It is a common condition, affecting about 10% of the general population. Its more common in older people, and about half of people over age 70 have it. As the fungus infects deeper, the nails can thicken, crumble, become discolored, and may separate from the nail bed. It can affect one or all nails. Severe nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent nail damage. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include nails that are: […] Brittle, crumbly or ragged […] Thickened […] Whitish to yellow-brown discoloration […] Distorted in shape […] A dark color, caused by debris build-up under a nail […] Unpleasant odor […] Painful, in severe cases. […] Severe nail fungus can lead to other infections, especially if you have diabetes, take certain medications or have other conditions. Diabetes can cause reduced blood circulation, and compromise nerves in the feet. Diabetes also puts you at a greater risk of foot ulcers, and cellulitis, a very serious bacterial skin infection.

• #85 Onychomycosis (Nail Infection)

  https://ada.com/conditions/onychomycosis-fungal-nail-infection/

  Brittle […] Broken […] Discolored […] Thickened […] Flaky […] Lifted away from the nail bed […] Mildly painful […] Separated from the nail bed. […] In people with diabetes, fungal toenail infections can increase the likelihood of developing ulceration and other complications, so medical attention should always be sought if a fungal nail infection is suspected. […] Onychomycosis can take a long time to treat, and some fungal nail infections can be resistant to antifungal medications. Treating a fungal nail infection can depend on identifying the appropriate medication that is effective against a particular subtype of infection.

• #86 Cure Pain From Toenail Fungus Infection

  https://info.texasfootsurgeons.com/blog/cure-toenail-fungus-infection

  A painful, thick, yellow, green, brown or black toenail means you could have a toenail fungus infection. […] Signs and Symptoms of Fungal Infection: Thickening of the nail, discoloration of the nail, debris under the nail, throbbing toe pain, lifting of the nail, splitting of the nail, crumbling of the nail, deformation, jagged edges of the nail, yeast infections of the nail will have a foul odor. […] Without proper treatment to stop your toenail fungal infection from getting worse, or spreading, complications will eventually develop. Fungal infections of your toenail can spread to the surrounding skin and when your skin becomes cracked, bacteria can enter and cause an abscess. […] A good reason to seek treatment if you suspect you have a toenail fungal infection is because of the similarity of symptoms for differing diagnosis of more serious toenail conditions. You may have a toenail fungus, but you could also be experiencing similar symptoms of a toenail viral infection, complications from toenail trauma, a pre-malignant lesion or, more seriously, melanoma of the nail bed.

• #87 Mycotic Nails: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21712-mycotic-nails

  If your toenail or fingernail is thick, fragile, separating from the nail bed and brownish, whitish or blackish, you may have a mycotic nail. This fungal infection can affect anyone, but you’re more likely to get it if you have diabetes, psoriasis or athlete’s foot. If you’re older than 70, you have a 50% chance of getting a mycotic nail. […] A mycotic nail can become: Discolored (yellow, white or brown). Painful. Thick. Fragile. Cracked. Separated from the nail bed. […] You might have a mycotic nail if your toenail or fingernail feels thick and fragile. You may feel cracks in the keratin if you touch the nail. […] Mycotic nails won’t go away without treatment. They’ll continue to get worse. In the late stages your nails could crack and completely separate from the nail bed. It can be frightening to see your nails like this and you may feel some pain. […] With treatment, fingernails should heal in about six weeks. Toenails may take 12 weeks to heal.

• #88 Fungal Nail Treatment | Gauld Foot and Ankle | Marietta, GA

  https://www.gauldfootandankle.com/foot-conditions-treated/discoloredtoenails/

  Fungal nails are a common condition, and are often caused by exposure to warm, moist environments, such as public showers or swimming pools. […] The symptoms of a fungal nail infection may include: Discoloration of the nail, ranging from white or yellow to brown or green. Thickening of the nail. Brittle or crumbly nail. Separation of the nail from the nail bed. Deformation or disfigurement of the nail. Foul odor coming from the infected nail. Pain or discomfort in the affected area. […] Its important to keep the nails and surrounding skin clean and dry, and to avoid walking barefoot in public areas, to reduce the risk of developing a fungal nail infection.

• #89

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=&cat_id=&tid=3520

  Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are typically caused by the overgrowth of fungi in, under, or on the nail. The most common culprits are dermatophytes, a group of fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments. Here are some factors that could contribute to the development of a fungal nail infection: Warm and Moist Environments: Fungi thrive in warm and moist conditions. Walking barefoot in communal areas like swimming pools, gyms, and locker rooms can expose your feet to fungal organisms. Poor Foot Hygiene: Inadequate foot hygiene, such as not drying your feet thoroughly after bathing or wearing damp socks and shoes, can create an environment conducive to fungal growth. Trauma or Injury: Fungi can enter the nail through small cuts or injuries around the nail bed. This is more likely to occur if you have damaged or injured your toenail. Footwear: Wearing tight, closed shoes that don’t allow proper ventilation can create an environment where fungi thrive. Additionally, using someone else’s shoes or sharing nail clippers can increase the risk of infection. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or circulatory problems are more susceptible to fungal infections, including fungal nail infections. Aging: As people age, nails can become more brittle and develop tiny cracks, providing an entry point for fungi. Existing Skin Conditions: If you have a pre-existing skin condition, such as athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), it can spread to the nails and lead to a fungal nail infection. Nail Salons: Poor sanitation practices at nail salons, such as the use of contaminated tools, can contribute to the spread of fungal infections.

• #90

  https://bpac.org.nz/2025/fungal-nails.aspx

  Antifungal treatment courses often need to be repeated. […] If there has been no evidence of improvement after approximately three months, check treatment adherence and application technique (for topical antifungals) before reconfirming mycology. […] Up to one-quarter of patients treated for onychomycosis experience recurrence of infection.

• #91

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=&cat_id=&tid=3520

  Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are typically caused by the overgrowth of fungi in, under, or on the nail. The most common culprits are dermatophytes, a group of fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments. Here are some factors that could contribute to the development of a fungal nail infection: Warm and Moist Environments: Fungi thrive in warm and moist conditions. Walking barefoot in communal areas like swimming pools, gyms, and locker rooms can expose your feet to fungal organisms. Poor Foot Hygiene: Inadequate foot hygiene, such as not drying your feet thoroughly after bathing or wearing damp socks and shoes, can create an environment conducive to fungal growth. Trauma or Injury: Fungi can enter the nail through small cuts or injuries around the nail bed. This is more likely to occur if you have damaged or injured your toenail. Footwear: Wearing tight, closed shoes that don’t allow proper ventilation can create an environment where fungi thrive. Additionally, using someone else’s shoes or sharing nail clippers can increase the risk of infection. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or circulatory problems are more susceptible to fungal infections, including fungal nail infections. Aging: As people age, nails can become more brittle and develop tiny cracks, providing an entry point for fungi. Existing Skin Conditions: If you have a pre-existing skin condition, such as athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), it can spread to the nails and lead to a fungal nail infection. Nail Salons: Poor sanitation practices at nail salons, such as the use of contaminated tools, can contribute to the spread of fungal infections.

• #92 Nail Fungus – Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://balancehealth.com/resources/nail-fungus/bay-area-foot-care/

  Onychomycosis is the medical term for toenail fungus infection. It is the most common toenail disorder and makes up nearly 50% of all toenail problems. […] The symptoms of toenail fungus are the nail plate having a thickened, yellow, or cloudy appearance. The toenails may become rough, ragged, or brittle, and could possibly crumble or separate from the nail bed (onycholysis). When the infection is severe, nails can be distorted in shape or display a dark color caused by buildup of debris under the nail. However, unless the disease is particularly severe, pain is usually not a symptom of toenail fungus; the symptoms are noticeable in the appearance and smell of the toenails. […] Tiny white or yellow spots under the tip of your nails are often the first signs of nail fungus. If a nail fungus is left untreated, it can persist indefinitely. See your doctor at the first sign of nail fungus.

• #93 Nail fungus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294

  Nail fungus can cause the nail to become thick, ragged and discolored. An infected nail may separate from the nail bed. […] Nail fungus is a common infection of the nail. It begins as a white or yellow-brown spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, the nail may discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. Nail fungus can affect several nails. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include a nail or nails that are: Thickened, Discolored, Brittle, crumbly or ragged, Misshapen, Separated from the nail bed, Smelly. […] You may want to see a health care provider if self-care steps haven’t helped and the nail becomes increasingly discolored, thickened or misshapen. […] A severe case of nail fungus can be painful and may cause permanent damage to your nails. And it may lead to other serious infections that spread beyond your feet if you have a suppressed immune system due to medication, diabetes or other conditions.

• #94 Nail fungus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/nail-fungus

  Nail fungus is a common infection of the nail. It begins as a white or yellow-brown spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, the nail may discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. Nail fungus can affect several nails. […] Symptoms of nail fungus include a nail or nails that are: Thickened, Discolored, Brittle, crumbly or ragged, Misshapen, Separated from the nail bed, Smelly. […] You may want to see a health care provider if self-care steps haven’t helped and the nail becomes increasingly discolored, thickened or misshapen.

• #95 Fungal Nail Infection

  https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/fungal-nail-infection

  Fungal nail infection may affect the fingernails and toenails. Symptoms can include: […] It starts from the sides of the nails and eventually involves the nail plate, causing it to become brittle, thickened, deformed or damaged. […] Nail separating from the nail bed. […] Fungal nail infections are much harder to treat than other fungal skin infections. This is due to the infection that can penetrate deep into the nail. They can take up to a year to clear up, and often occur again. Fingernail infections tend to be easier to treat than toenail infections. […] You should see a doctor if you experience any of the following: More than half your nail is affected. […] Symptoms worsen with or without treatment. […] The skin surrounding your affected nail is red, painful, swollen or filled with pus.

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