Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Diagnosis and management of kawasaki disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25822554/

  Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects patients younger than five years. It represents the most prominent cause of acquired coronary artery disease in childhood. In the United States, 19 per 100,000 children younger than five years are hospitalized with Kawasaki disease annually. According to U.S. and Japanese guidelines, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. Classic (typical) Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on the presence of a fever lasting five or more days, accompanied by four out of five findings: bilateral conjunctival injection, oral changes such as cracked and erythematous lips and strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes such as erythema or palm and sole desquamation, and polymorphous rash. Incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease occurs in persons with fever lasting five or more days and with two or three of these findings. Transthoracic echocardiography is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice to screen for coronary aneurysms, although other techniques are being evaluated for diagnosis and management. […] The presence and severity of coronary aneurysms and obstruction at diagnosis determine treatment options and the need, periodicity, and intensity of long-term cardiovascular monitoring for potential atherosclerosis.

• #2 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | RheumNow

  https://rheumnow.com/news/diagnosis-and-management-kawasaki-disease

  Kawasaki Disease is a rare but serious illness primarily affecting children younger than five years old. The disease can cause inflamed blood vessels throughout the body, and it is the leading cause of acquired (not congenital) heart disease in children throughout the developed world. […] Health care professionals diagnose Kawasaki Disease based on a set of well-established symptoms, including prolonged fever, rash, reddened eyes and swelling of the hands and feet. Without timely treatment, one in four children can develop coronary artery dilation and/or coronary artery aneurysms. […] Early identification of children with Kawasaki Disease at risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms remains a challenge in a multiethnic population and it is critical to diagnose Kawasaki Disease early for optimal management.

• #3 Kawasaki disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kawasaki-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354603

  There’s no single test to diagnose Kawasaki disease. Diagnosis involves ruling out other diseases that cause the same symptoms. A member of your child’s healthcare team will do an exam and order blood and urine tests to help in the diagnosis. Blood tests help rule out other diseases and check blood cell count. A high white blood cell count, anemia and inflammation are signs of Kawasaki disease. An ECG can diagnose an irregular heartbeat. Kawasaki disease can cause heart rhythm problems. An echocardiogram shows how well the heart is working. It also can help see problems with the heart arteries. […] If your child has any signs of heart problems, the healthcare professional might suggest follow-up tests to check your child’s heart health. Tests are often done 6 to 8 weeks after the illness began, and then again after six months.

• #4 Kawasaki Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/kawasaki-disease

  There is no single test that can diagnose Kawasaki disease. […] Doctors make the diagnosis after examining a child, observing symptoms, and obtaining additional testing that are consistent with the diagnosis. […] If Kawasaki disease is suspected, your child’s doctor will order blood tests to look for inflammation and possibly an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram (EKG) to see if the coronary arteries of the heart are enlarged or there is heart damage. […] While most children can be diagnosed by a general pediatrician, making the diagnosis may sometimes involve a team of doctors that include infectious disease, rheumatology, and cardiology specialists.

• #5 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html/1000

  In 2004, the American Heart Association (AHA) published diagnostic criteria for classic (typical) and incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease. These criteria are similar to those of the Japanese Circulation Society. In both forms, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. There is no specific diagnostic test, although laboratory and echocardiographic findings (e.g., elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, coronary aneurysms) may be helpful in evaluating suspected cases and differentiating Kawasaki disease from other conditions. […] Classic Kawasaki disease is diagnosed when patients have fever for five or more days with at least four of five principal clinical features: bilateral conjunctival injection, changes in the lips and oral cavity, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes, and polymorphous rash. Patients who do not meet these criteria may be diagnosed with Kawasaki disease if they have fewer clinical findings in the presence of coronary artery abnormalities on echocardiography.

• #6 Diagnosis and management of kawasaki disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25822554/

  Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects patients younger than five years. It represents the most prominent cause of acquired coronary artery disease in childhood. In the United States, 19 per 100,000 children younger than five years are hospitalized with Kawasaki disease annually. According to U.S. and Japanese guidelines, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. Classic (typical) Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on the presence of a fever lasting five or more days, accompanied by four out of five findings: bilateral conjunctival injection, oral changes such as cracked and erythematous lips and strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes such as erythema or palm and sole desquamation, and polymorphous rash. Incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease occurs in persons with fever lasting five or more days and with two or three of these findings. Transthoracic echocardiography is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice to screen for coronary aneurysms, although other techniques are being evaluated for diagnosis and management. […] The presence and severity of coronary aneurysms and obstruction at diagnosis determine treatment options and the need, periodicity, and intensity of long-term cardiovascular monitoring for potential atherosclerosis.

• #7 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html

  Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects patients younger than five years. […] According to U.S. and Japanese guidelines, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. Classic (typical) Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on the presence of a fever lasting five or more days, accompanied by four out of five findings: bilateral conjunctival injection, oral changes such as cracked and erythematous lips and strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes such as erythema or palm and sole desquamation, and polymorphous rash. […] Incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease occurs in persons with fever lasting five or more days and with two or three of these findings. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice to screen for coronary aneurysms, although other techniques are being evaluated for diagnosis and management.

• #8 Table: Criteria for Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease-MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/criteria-for-diagnosis-of-kawasaki-disease

  Diagnosis is made if fever 38.0 C (about 100.4 F) has occurred for 5 days and 4 of the following 5 criteria are noted: […] 1. Bilateral nonexudative conjunctival injection […] 2. Changes in the lips, tongue, or oral mucosa (injection, drying, fissuring, red strawberry tongue) […] 3. Changes in the peripheral extremities (edema, erythema, desquamation) […] 4. Polymorphous truncal exanthem […] 5. Cervical lymphadenopathy (at least 1 node 1.5 cm in diameter)

• #9 Table: Criteria for Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease-MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/criteria-for-diagnosis-of-kawasaki-disease

  Diagnosis is made if fever 38.0 C (about 100.4 F) has occurred for 5 days and 4 of the following 5 criteria are noted: […] 1. Bilateral nonexudative conjunctival injection […] 2. Changes in the lips, tongue, or oral mucosa (injection, drying, fissuring, red strawberry tongue) […] 3. Changes in the peripheral extremities (edema, erythema, desquamation) […] 4. Polymorphous truncal exanthem […] 5. Cervical lymphadenopathy (at least 1 node 1.5 cm in diameter)

• #10 Table: Criteria for Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease-MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/criteria-for-diagnosis-of-kawasaki-disease

  Diagnosis is made if fever 38.0 C (about 100.4 F) has occurred for 5 days and 4 of the following 5 criteria are noted: […] 1. Bilateral nonexudative conjunctival injection […] 2. Changes in the lips, tongue, or oral mucosa (injection, drying, fissuring, red strawberry tongue) […] 3. Changes in the peripheral extremities (edema, erythema, desquamation) […] 4. Polymorphous truncal exanthem […] 5. Cervical lymphadenopathy (at least 1 node 1.5 cm in diameter)

• #11 Table: Criteria for Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease-MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/criteria-for-diagnosis-of-kawasaki-disease

  Diagnosis is made if fever 38.0 C (about 100.4 F) has occurred for 5 days and 4 of the following 5 criteria are noted: […] 1. Bilateral nonexudative conjunctival injection […] 2. Changes in the lips, tongue, or oral mucosa (injection, drying, fissuring, red strawberry tongue) […] 3. Changes in the peripheral extremities (edema, erythema, desquamation) […] 4. Polymorphous truncal exanthem […] 5. Cervical lymphadenopathy (at least 1 node 1.5 cm in diameter)

• #12 Table: Criteria for Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease-MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/criteria-for-diagnosis-of-kawasaki-disease

  Diagnosis is made if fever 38.0 C (about 100.4 F) has occurred for 5 days and 4 of the following 5 criteria are noted: […] 1. Bilateral nonexudative conjunctival injection […] 2. Changes in the lips, tongue, or oral mucosa (injection, drying, fissuring, red strawberry tongue) […] 3. Changes in the peripheral extremities (edema, erythema, desquamation) […] 4. Polymorphous truncal exanthem […] 5. Cervical lymphadenopathy (at least 1 node 1.5 cm in diameter)

• #13 Kawasaki disease: Clinical features and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/kawasaki-disease-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Kawasaki disease (KD, previously called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is one of the most common forms of systemic vasculitis in children. KD also occurs, rarely, in adults. […] The clinical manifestations and diagnosis of KD are discussed in this topic review. […] The clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease (KD) are often not present at the same time, and for most features, there is no typical order of appearance. Thus, repeated histories and physical examinations are important both for making a timely diagnosis of KD in children who fail to meet diagnostic criteria as well as for appropriate consideration of alternative diagnoses.

• #14 Diagnosis, Progress, and Treatment Update of Kawasaki Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/13948

  In a 2017 update to the diagnostic guidelines for KD, the AHA acknowledged the ongoing discussion regarding fever duration. The AHA mentioned that KD can now be diagnosed in patients with a fever lasting a minimum of 4 days (as opposed to the previous requirement of 5 days), provided they also exhibit at least four of the five cardinal symptoms. […] It is essential to recognize that the cardinal manifestations of KD might not all manifest concurrently and might even diminish before an accurate diagnosis can be established. Consequently, a comprehensive medical history and repeated assessments (conducted every other day) are crucial for the precise and prompt identification of KD. […] Diagnosing KD can be more challenging in infants and older children above 5 years of age. Infants under 6 months old are more likely to exhibit incomplete KD, which can result in delayed IVIG therapy and an increased risk of coronary artery involvement.

• #15 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html/1000

  In 2004, the American Heart Association (AHA) published diagnostic criteria for classic (typical) and incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease. These criteria are similar to those of the Japanese Circulation Society. In both forms, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. There is no specific diagnostic test, although laboratory and echocardiographic findings (e.g., elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, coronary aneurysms) may be helpful in evaluating suspected cases and differentiating Kawasaki disease from other conditions. […] Classic Kawasaki disease is diagnosed when patients have fever for five or more days with at least four of five principal clinical features: bilateral conjunctival injection, changes in the lips and oral cavity, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes, and polymorphous rash. Patients who do not meet these criteria may be diagnosed with Kawasaki disease if they have fewer clinical findings in the presence of coronary artery abnormalities on echocardiography.

• #16 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html

  Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects patients younger than five years. […] According to U.S. and Japanese guidelines, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. Classic (typical) Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on the presence of a fever lasting five or more days, accompanied by four out of five findings: bilateral conjunctival injection, oral changes such as cracked and erythematous lips and strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes such as erythema or palm and sole desquamation, and polymorphous rash. […] Incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease occurs in persons with fever lasting five or more days and with two or three of these findings. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice to screen for coronary aneurysms, although other techniques are being evaluated for diagnosis and management.

• #17 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html/1000

  In some cases, patients do not fulfill the classic criteria for Kawasaki disease and are classified as having incomplete (atypical) disease. A recent Australian study estimates that this occurs in 9.6% of cases. More common in younger infants and older children, incomplete disease is suspected when patients have a fever for at least five days with only two or three of the principal clinical features. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to detect coronary aneurysms and other cardiac artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease, and it should be obtained as soon as the patient’s symptoms suggest the diagnosis.

• #18 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html/1000

  In some cases, patients do not fulfill the classic criteria for Kawasaki disease and are classified as having incomplete (atypical) disease. A recent Australian study estimates that this occurs in 9.6% of cases. More common in younger infants and older children, incomplete disease is suspected when patients have a fever for at least five days with only two or three of the principal clinical features. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to detect coronary aneurysms and other cardiac artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease, and it should be obtained as soon as the patient’s symptoms suggest the diagnosis.

• #19 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html/1000

  In some cases, patients do not fulfill the classic criteria for Kawasaki disease and are classified as having incomplete (atypical) disease. A recent Australian study estimates that this occurs in 9.6% of cases. More common in younger infants and older children, incomplete disease is suspected when patients have a fever for at least five days with only two or three of the principal clinical features. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to detect coronary aneurysms and other cardiac artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease, and it should be obtained as soon as the patient’s symptoms suggest the diagnosis.

• #20 Diagnosis, Progress, and Treatment Update of Kawasaki Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/18/13948

  In a 2017 update to the diagnostic guidelines for KD, the AHA acknowledged the ongoing discussion regarding fever duration. The AHA mentioned that KD can now be diagnosed in patients with a fever lasting a minimum of 4 days (as opposed to the previous requirement of 5 days), provided they also exhibit at least four of the five cardinal symptoms. […] It is essential to recognize that the cardinal manifestations of KD might not all manifest concurrently and might even diminish before an accurate diagnosis can be established. Consequently, a comprehensive medical history and repeated assessments (conducted every other day) are crucial for the precise and prompt identification of KD. […] Diagnosing KD can be more challenging in infants and older children above 5 years of age. Infants under 6 months old are more likely to exhibit incomplete KD, which can result in delayed IVIG therapy and an increased risk of coronary artery involvement.

• #21 Kawasaki disease

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Kawasaki_disease/

  Kawasaki disease (KD) is a clinical diagnosis that requires prompt recognition and management […] Consider incomplete KD where there is prolonged fever and no alternative cause found […] KD can be diagnosed with less than four of the following features if coronary artery abnormalities are present […] There is no diagnostic test for KD. Laboratory tests provide support for diagnosis, assessment of severity, and monitoring of disease and treatment […] Incomplete Kawasaki disease: Consider in a child with a clinical presentation suggestive of KD but not meeting the full diagnostic criteria […] Incomplete KD can present a significant diagnostic dilemma, however once the diagnosis is made, the treatment for KD and incomplete KD is identical.

• #22 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  Echocardiography is the study of choice to evaluate for CAAs, in both fully manifested and suspected incomplete cases of KD. […] In some cases, patients have prolonged fever and some of the principal clinical features of KD but not as many as are required to meet standard diagnostic criteria. […] The AHA recommends that when fever for 5 days or longer plus 2 or 3 of the principal clinical features are present without an alternative explanation, a C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) should be obtained. […] If the CRP is 3 mg/dL or higher and/or the ESR is 40 mm/hr or more, the next step is to obtain supplemental laboratory studies. […] If 3 or more supplemental laboratory criteria are positive, a diagnosis of incomplete KD is made. […] Clinical judgment is required to determine if and when supplemental laboratory criteria should be strictly followed versus when an echocardiogram should be obtained regardless of laboratory results.

• #23 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  Echocardiography is the study of choice to evaluate for CAAs, in both fully manifested and suspected incomplete cases of KD. […] In some cases, patients have prolonged fever and some of the principal clinical features of KD but not as many as are required to meet standard diagnostic criteria. […] The AHA recommends that when fever for 5 days or longer plus 2 or 3 of the principal clinical features are present without an alternative explanation, a C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) should be obtained. […] If the CRP is 3 mg/dL or higher and/or the ESR is 40 mm/hr or more, the next step is to obtain supplemental laboratory studies. […] If 3 or more supplemental laboratory criteria are positive, a diagnosis of incomplete KD is made. […] Clinical judgment is required to determine if and when supplemental laboratory criteria should be strictly followed versus when an echocardiogram should be obtained regardless of laboratory results.

• #24 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  Echocardiography is the study of choice to evaluate for CAAs, in both fully manifested and suspected incomplete cases of KD. […] In some cases, patients have prolonged fever and some of the principal clinical features of KD but not as many as are required to meet standard diagnostic criteria. […] The AHA recommends that when fever for 5 days or longer plus 2 or 3 of the principal clinical features are present without an alternative explanation, a C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) should be obtained. […] If the CRP is 3 mg/dL or higher and/or the ESR is 40 mm/hr or more, the next step is to obtain supplemental laboratory studies. […] If 3 or more supplemental laboratory criteria are positive, a diagnosis of incomplete KD is made. […] Clinical judgment is required to determine if and when supplemental laboratory criteria should be strictly followed versus when an echocardiogram should be obtained regardless of laboratory results.

• #25 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html

  In 2004, the American Heart Association (AHA) published diagnostic criteria for classic (typical) and incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease. […] These criteria are similar to those of the Japanese Circulation Society. […] In both forms, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. There is no specific diagnostic test, although laboratory and echocardiographic findings (e.g., elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, coronary aneurysms) may be helpful in evaluating suspected cases and differentiating Kawasaki disease from other conditions. […] Coronary abnormalities, such as aneurysms, may develop within the first week of disease, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

• #26 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  Complete KD is a clinical diagnosis; no laboratory or imaging evaluations are required aside from echocardiography once the diagnosis is made. […] Pre-diagnosis laboratory and imaging evaluations are of greater utility for cases of incomplete KD, when the diagnosis is suspected but the patient does not meet criteria for complete KD. […] A typical initial laboratory evaluation may include a complete blood cell (CBC) count, electrolyte panel, renal function testing, liver enzymes, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and urinalysis. […] Research is ongoing to attempt to identify specific biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of KD. […] A study by Brodeur et al showed that elevated levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17C, and IL-17F) are common in patients with KD but are rare in patients with other pediatric inflammatory disorders, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

• #27 Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13457-kawasaki-disease

  Symptoms and signs help healthcare providers make a Kawasaki disease diagnosis with a physical exam. If your child only has some of the symptoms, this is atypical or incomplete Kawasaki disease. Before making a diagnosis, providers have to rule out other causes of fever. […] Theres no test that can directly detect Kawasaki disease. But healthcare providers can do tests that support a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease or rule out other possible illnesses. […] They may order: Blood tests. Urinalysis. Echocardiogram, which uses an ultrasound wand on the surface of the chest to view your childs heart and arteries. Electrocardiogram (EKG), a noninvasive test that measures the rhythm in your childs heart. CT (computed tomography) angiogram, using X-rays and a computer. MRA (magnetic resonance angiogram), using an MRI.

• #28 Kawasaki disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kawasaki-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354603

  There’s no single test to diagnose Kawasaki disease. Diagnosis involves ruling out other diseases that cause the same symptoms. A member of your child’s healthcare team will do an exam and order blood and urine tests to help in the diagnosis. Blood tests help rule out other diseases and check blood cell count. A high white blood cell count, anemia and inflammation are signs of Kawasaki disease. An ECG can diagnose an irregular heartbeat. Kawasaki disease can cause heart rhythm problems. An echocardiogram shows how well the heart is working. It also can help see problems with the heart arteries. […] If your child has any signs of heart problems, the healthcare professional might suggest follow-up tests to check your child’s heart health. Tests are often done 6 to 8 weeks after the illness began, and then again after six months.

• #29 Kawasaki disease in children | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/kawasaki-disease

  x-ray- a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film. […] complete blood count (CBC)- a measurement of size, number, and maturity of different blood cells in a specific volume of blood. The physician will look for an elevation in the numbers of white blood cells which normally multiply in the presence of infection and may notice elevated platelet levels with Kawasaki disease as well. […] erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate)- a blood test that measures the amount of inflammation going on in the body. This is not a specific test to determine why or where the inflammation is occurring. […] urinalysis- testing of a urine sample for protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, or casts to indicate kidney disease associated with several rheumatic diseases.

• #30 Kawasaki disease in children | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/kawasaki-disease

  x-ray- a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film. […] complete blood count (CBC)- a measurement of size, number, and maturity of different blood cells in a specific volume of blood. The physician will look for an elevation in the numbers of white blood cells which normally multiply in the presence of infection and may notice elevated platelet levels with Kawasaki disease as well. […] erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate)- a blood test that measures the amount of inflammation going on in the body. This is not a specific test to determine why or where the inflammation is occurring. […] urinalysis- testing of a urine sample for protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, or casts to indicate kidney disease associated with several rheumatic diseases.

• #31 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Kawasaki-Disease-Diagnosis.aspx

  Inflammatory markers such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein may also be raised. […] Heart imaging studies may be carried out such as an electrocardiogram to measure the electrical activity of the heart and an echocardiogram to view the structure and function of the heart and to check for aneurysms in the coronary blood vessels.

• #32 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  Complete KD is a clinical diagnosis; no laboratory or imaging evaluations are required aside from echocardiography once the diagnosis is made. […] Pre-diagnosis laboratory and imaging evaluations are of greater utility for cases of incomplete KD, when the diagnosis is suspected but the patient does not meet criteria for complete KD. […] A typical initial laboratory evaluation may include a complete blood cell (CBC) count, electrolyte panel, renal function testing, liver enzymes, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and urinalysis. […] Research is ongoing to attempt to identify specific biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of KD. […] A study by Brodeur et al showed that elevated levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17C, and IL-17F) are common in patients with KD but are rare in patients with other pediatric inflammatory disorders, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

• #33 Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/CoreV2/Cardiology/cardiologyV2/cardiologyV218.html

  Supplementary laboratory criteria (not required for diagnosis): […] Anemia […] Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis […] Elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate […] Elevated liver enzyme levels […] Hypoalbuminemia 3.0 g/dl […] Hyponatremia […] Platelets 450 per mm3 after first week […] Sterile pyuria […] White blood cell count 15,000/uL […] Incomplete (Atypical Kawasaki Disease) […] In some cases, patients do not fulfill the classic criteria for Kawasaki disease and are classified as having incomplete (atypical) disease. Incomplete disease is more common in younger infants and older children and should be suspected when patients have a fever for at least five days with only two or three of the principal clinical features. As a result, it is important to consider the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease and the possible need for echocardiography in all children who have an unexplained fever lasting at least seven days with laboratory evidence of systemic inflammation.

• #34 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html

  In 2004, the American Heart Association (AHA) published diagnostic criteria for classic (typical) and incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease. […] These criteria are similar to those of the Japanese Circulation Society. […] In both forms, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. There is no specific diagnostic test, although laboratory and echocardiographic findings (e.g., elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, coronary aneurysms) may be helpful in evaluating suspected cases and differentiating Kawasaki disease from other conditions. […] Coronary abnormalities, such as aneurysms, may develop within the first week of disease, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

• #35 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html

  In 2004, the American Heart Association (AHA) published diagnostic criteria for classic (typical) and incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease. […] These criteria are similar to those of the Japanese Circulation Society. […] In both forms, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. There is no specific diagnostic test, although laboratory and echocardiographic findings (e.g., elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, coronary aneurysms) may be helpful in evaluating suspected cases and differentiating Kawasaki disease from other conditions. […] Coronary abnormalities, such as aneurysms, may develop within the first week of disease, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

• #36 Kawasaki disease – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/kawasaki-disease/

  Low WBC and lymphocyte predominance suggests an alternative diagnosis […] Thrombocytosis is a characteristic feature that generally doesn’t occur until the second week, peaking in the third week, normalizing by 4 to 6 weeks […] Thrombocytopenia can be a sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation and is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery abnormalities […] Were aiming to prevent important coronary artery abnormalities […] Timely (as soon as possible, ideally within 10 days) IVIG treatment reduces the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (defined from absolute luminal dimensions) from 25% to 4% […] If the diagnosis is delayed, IVIG should still be given (after the tenth day of illness) IF there is presence of fever, or continued elevation of ESR or CRP3, indicating ongoing inflammation

• #37 Kawasaki disease – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/kawasaki-disease/

  Low WBC and lymphocyte predominance suggests an alternative diagnosis […] Thrombocytosis is a characteristic feature that generally doesn’t occur until the second week, peaking in the third week, normalizing by 4 to 6 weeks […] Thrombocytopenia can be a sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation and is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery abnormalities […] Were aiming to prevent important coronary artery abnormalities […] Timely (as soon as possible, ideally within 10 days) IVIG treatment reduces the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (defined from absolute luminal dimensions) from 25% to 4% […] If the diagnosis is delayed, IVIG should still be given (after the tenth day of illness) IF there is presence of fever, or continued elevation of ESR or CRP3, indicating ongoing inflammation

• #38 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html

  Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects patients younger than five years. […] According to U.S. and Japanese guidelines, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. Classic (typical) Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on the presence of a fever lasting five or more days, accompanied by four out of five findings: bilateral conjunctival injection, oral changes such as cracked and erythematous lips and strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes such as erythema or palm and sole desquamation, and polymorphous rash. […] Incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease occurs in persons with fever lasting five or more days and with two or three of these findings. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice to screen for coronary aneurysms, although other techniques are being evaluated for diagnosis and management.

• #39 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html/1000

  In some cases, patients do not fulfill the classic criteria for Kawasaki disease and are classified as having incomplete (atypical) disease. A recent Australian study estimates that this occurs in 9.6% of cases. More common in younger infants and older children, incomplete disease is suspected when patients have a fever for at least five days with only two or three of the principal clinical features. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to detect coronary aneurysms and other cardiac artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease, and it should be obtained as soon as the patient’s symptoms suggest the diagnosis.

• #40 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html/1000

  In some cases, patients do not fulfill the classic criteria for Kawasaki disease and are classified as having incomplete (atypical) disease. A recent Australian study estimates that this occurs in 9.6% of cases. More common in younger infants and older children, incomplete disease is suspected when patients have a fever for at least five days with only two or three of the principal clinical features. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to detect coronary aneurysms and other cardiac artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease, and it should be obtained as soon as the patient’s symptoms suggest the diagnosis.

• #41 Kawasaki Disease: Diagnosis, Management, Follow-up and Referral – PAEDIATRIC INNOVATION, EDUCATION & RESEARCH NETWORK

  https://www.piernetwork.org/kawasaki.html

  Following diagnosis patients with Kawasaki disease should be commenced on treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin within the first 10 days of the onset of the illness reduces the complications, mortality and morbidity of Kawasaki disease. […] If risk factors for IVIG resistance (age 1 year, plts 100, liver derangement – ALT100), to discuss with UHS ID or rheumatology team regarding need for adjuvant immunosuppression (oral prednisolone 2mg/kg for 3 days followed by wean over 2 weeks) in addition to first dose of IVIG and role of urgent echocardiogram. […] Timing of echocardiography should not delay the initiation of IVIG. If Kawasaki disease is strongly suspected in patients who do not fulfill all the clinical criteria for diagnosis of Kawasaki disease such as those with suspected incomplete Kawasaki disease, an urgent echocardiography can be diagnostic.

• #42 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  It is critical to note that certain patient populations may present with prolonged fever but with very few to none of the principal clinical features or laboratory findings. […] Case reports have also highlighted exceedingly rare and unusual presentations of KD. […] Echocardiography should be performed to evaluate for CAAs during the acute stage. […] The echocardiogram should be repeated at 1-2 weeks and then 5-6 weeks after disease onset; echocardiograms may need to be performed more frequently in high-risk patients. […] While echocardiography is the preferred initial imaging modality for KD, CTA, MRA, and/or cardiac catheterization are often later utilized in cases of children with significant coronary artery aneurysms. […] Biopsy is rarely performed or necessary to make the diagnosis; therefore, most specimens are obtained from autopsies or from patients who have had diseased arterial segments removed during bypass operations.

• #43 Kawasaki Disease: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-overview

  Kawasaki disease (KD), also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome, is an acute febrile illness of early childhood characterized by vasculitis of the medium-sized arteries. […] Echocardiography is the study of choice to evaluate for CAAs. […] Diagnosis of complete KD requires fever of at least 5 days’ duration along with 4 or 5 of the principal clinical features. […] Incomplete KD is diagnosed when a patient presents with fever for 5 days or longer, 2 or 3 of the principal clinical features, and laboratory findings suggestive of the disease or echocardiographic abnormalities. […] The American Heart Association (AHA) suggests an algorithm for the diagnosis of incomplete KD in the most recent guideline. […] Echocardiography is the study of choice to evaluate for CAAs. Serial echocardiograms should be obtained as follows: At the time of KD diagnosis, 1-2 weeks after the onset of the illness, 5-6 weeks after the onset of the illness.

• #44 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  It is critical to note that certain patient populations may present with prolonged fever but with very few to none of the principal clinical features or laboratory findings. […] Case reports have also highlighted exceedingly rare and unusual presentations of KD. […] Echocardiography should be performed to evaluate for CAAs during the acute stage. […] The echocardiogram should be repeated at 1-2 weeks and then 5-6 weeks after disease onset; echocardiograms may need to be performed more frequently in high-risk patients. […] While echocardiography is the preferred initial imaging modality for KD, CTA, MRA, and/or cardiac catheterization are often later utilized in cases of children with significant coronary artery aneurysms. […] Biopsy is rarely performed or necessary to make the diagnosis; therefore, most specimens are obtained from autopsies or from patients who have had diseased arterial segments removed during bypass operations.

• #45 Kawasaki disease | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/kawasaki-disease?lang=us

  Classic Kawasaki disease is diagnosed in the presence of fever for at least 5 days and at least 4 of the following: erythema and cracking of lips, strawberry tongue, or erythema of oral and pharyngeal mucosa […] bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate […] rash: maculopapular, diffuse erythroderma, or erythema multiformelike […] erythema and edema of the hands and feet in the acute phase […] cervical lymphadenopathy (1.5 cm in diameter), usually unilateral. […] Transthoracic echocardiography is especially useful in the approach to patients who fall short of full clinical criteria (incomplete Kawasaki disease), as the presence of the following is diagnostic: coronary artery dilation […] left ventricular dysfunction […] mitral regurgitation […] pericardial effusion.

• #46 Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/kawasaki-disease

  There is no specific lab test that establishes the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease definitively. The diagnosis is considered established when the following diagnostic criteria are met: Fever for at least 5 days AND at least 4 of the 5 cardinal signs listed above AND the absence of any other illness to account for the signs and symptoms. […] Atypical or incomplete cases of Kawasaki disease, in which patients have fever and fewer than 4 of the 5 cardinal features, are now diagnosed more commonly. In these children, the diagnosis may be supported by findings on an early 2-dimensional echocardiography (heart ultrasound) to detect coronary artery disease or other signs of acute heart disease.

• #47 Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13457-kawasaki-disease

  Symptoms and signs help healthcare providers make a Kawasaki disease diagnosis with a physical exam. If your child only has some of the symptoms, this is atypical or incomplete Kawasaki disease. Before making a diagnosis, providers have to rule out other causes of fever. […] Theres no test that can directly detect Kawasaki disease. But healthcare providers can do tests that support a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease or rule out other possible illnesses. […] They may order: Blood tests. Urinalysis. Echocardiogram, which uses an ultrasound wand on the surface of the chest to view your childs heart and arteries. Electrocardiogram (EKG), a noninvasive test that measures the rhythm in your childs heart. CT (computed tomography) angiogram, using X-rays and a computer. MRA (magnetic resonance angiogram), using an MRI.

• #48 Kawasaki disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kawasaki-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354603

  There’s no single test to diagnose Kawasaki disease. Diagnosis involves ruling out other diseases that cause the same symptoms. A member of your child’s healthcare team will do an exam and order blood and urine tests to help in the diagnosis. Blood tests help rule out other diseases and check blood cell count. A high white blood cell count, anemia and inflammation are signs of Kawasaki disease. An ECG can diagnose an irregular heartbeat. Kawasaki disease can cause heart rhythm problems. An echocardiogram shows how well the heart is working. It also can help see problems with the heart arteries. […] If your child has any signs of heart problems, the healthcare professional might suggest follow-up tests to check your child’s heart health. Tests are often done 6 to 8 weeks after the illness began, and then again after six months.

• #49 Kawasaki Disease in Children | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/k/kawasaki-disease.html

  Your child’s healthcare provider can often diagnose Kawasaki disease by their symptoms and physical exam. […] To diagnose Kawasaki, other causes for the symptoms must be ruled out. A fever for 5 days must be present in addition to having 4 out of 5 of the following symptoms: […] Other recommended tests include: […] Lab tests. Blood and urine samples are taken to check for signs of inflammation. These are also used to help rule out other health problems that may mimic Kawasaki disease. […] Electrocardiography (ECG). This test records the electrical activity of the heart through small, sticky patches on the child’s chest. The patches are connected to a machine with wires. The machine records the electrical activity. This helps check for problems with heart rhythm and heart structure.

• #50 Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13457-kawasaki-disease

  Symptoms and signs help healthcare providers make a Kawasaki disease diagnosis with a physical exam. If your child only has some of the symptoms, this is atypical or incomplete Kawasaki disease. Before making a diagnosis, providers have to rule out other causes of fever. […] Theres no test that can directly detect Kawasaki disease. But healthcare providers can do tests that support a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease or rule out other possible illnesses. […] They may order: Blood tests. Urinalysis. Echocardiogram, which uses an ultrasound wand on the surface of the chest to view your childs heart and arteries. Electrocardiogram (EKG), a noninvasive test that measures the rhythm in your childs heart. CT (computed tomography) angiogram, using X-rays and a computer. MRA (magnetic resonance angiogram), using an MRI.

• #51 Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13457-kawasaki-disease

  Symptoms and signs help healthcare providers make a Kawasaki disease diagnosis with a physical exam. If your child only has some of the symptoms, this is atypical or incomplete Kawasaki disease. Before making a diagnosis, providers have to rule out other causes of fever. […] Theres no test that can directly detect Kawasaki disease. But healthcare providers can do tests that support a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease or rule out other possible illnesses. […] They may order: Blood tests. Urinalysis. Echocardiogram, which uses an ultrasound wand on the surface of the chest to view your childs heart and arteries. Electrocardiogram (EKG), a noninvasive test that measures the rhythm in your childs heart. CT (computed tomography) angiogram, using X-rays and a computer. MRA (magnetic resonance angiogram), using an MRI.

• #52 Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/CoreV2/Cardiology/cardiologyV2/cardiologyV218.html

  Other clinical signs: […] Tachycardia and gallop rhythm (secondary to myocarditis) may occur. […] Pericardial effusion, aortic regurgitation, and mitral regurgitation may be seen. […] EKG shows mild abnormalities consistent with myocarditis such as arrhythmias, prolonged PR and QT intervals and nonspecific ST segment changes. […] Echo may show pericardial effusion, LV dilation, mitral insufficiency and/or decreased systolic function. Follow up echo should be done in 3-5 weeks. The need for further echocardiograms is determined by the presence or absence of coronary involvement. […] Coronary angiography should not be done in the acute phase but may be needed later on to evaluate the extent of the coronary involvement. […] Management (Figure): […] Early detection of KD and prompt treatment reduce mortality below 1%. Baseline echocardiogram should be performed as soon as the diagnosis is made. The table below helps to stratify the risk of patients with KD and helps determine follow up testing.

• #53 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: Key Points

  https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/11/15/18/52/update-on-diagnosis

  Invasive coronary angiography provides the finest delineation of coronary architecture, and its use must be balanced against risks of an invasive procedure on the basis of patient and institutional factors. Invasive coronary angiography is used for patients with myocardial ischemia and intervention for revascularization. […] Finally, formal health care transition programs and care teams are needed for adult patients with KD with CAA to ensure uninterrupted transition of care.

• #54 Kawasaki Disease Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Echocardiography

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965367-workup

  Complete KD is a clinical diagnosis; no laboratory or imaging evaluations are required aside from echocardiography once the diagnosis is made. […] Pre-diagnosis laboratory and imaging evaluations are of greater utility for cases of incomplete KD, when the diagnosis is suspected but the patient does not meet criteria for complete KD. […] A typical initial laboratory evaluation may include a complete blood cell (CBC) count, electrolyte panel, renal function testing, liver enzymes, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and urinalysis. […] Research is ongoing to attempt to identify specific biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of KD. […] A study by Brodeur et al showed that elevated levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17C, and IL-17F) are common in patients with KD but are rare in patients with other pediatric inflammatory disorders, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

• #55 Researchers Identify Potential Diagnostic Test for Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease Foundation

  https://kdfoundation.org/researchers-identify-potential-diagnostic-test-for-kawasaki-disease/

  For the first time, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Imperial College London, with international collaborators, have determined that Kawasaki Disease (KD) can be accurately diagnosed on the basis of the pattern of host gene expression in whole blood. The finding could lead to a diagnostic blood test to distinguish KD from other infectious and inflammatory conditions. […] As there is no diagnostic test for Kawasaki disease, late diagnosis often results in delayed or missed treatment and an increased risk of coronary artery aneurysms, said Jane C. Burns, MD, pediatrician at Rady Childrens Hospital-San Diego and director of the Kawasaki Disease Research Center at UC San Diego School of Medicine. […] A 13-transcript blood gene expression signature distinguished KD from the range of infectious and inflammatory conditions with which it is often clinically confused, said Burns. A test incorporating the 13-transcripts might enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of KD, preventing cardiac complications and reducing inappropriate treatment in those with other diseases.

• #56 Researchers Identify Potential Diagnostic Test for Kawasaki Disease

  https://today.ucsd.edu/story/researchers_identify_potential_diagnostic_test_for_kawasaki_disease

  For the first time, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Imperial College London, with international collaborators, have determined that Kawasaki disease (KD) can be accurately diagnosed on the basis of the pattern of host gene expression in whole blood. The finding could lead to a diagnostic blood test to distinguish KD from other infectious and inflammatory conditions. […] As there is no diagnostic test for Kawasaki disease, late diagnosis often results in delayed or missed treatment and an increased risk of coronary artery aneurysms, said Jane C. Burns, MD, pediatrician at Rady Childrens Hospital-San Diego and director of the Kawasaki Disease Research Center at UC San Diego School of Medicine. […] A 13-transcript blood gene expression signature distinguished KD from the range of infectious and inflammatory conditions with which it is often clinically confused, said Burns. A test incorporating the 13-transcripts might enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of KD, preventing cardiac complications and reducing inappropriate treatment in those with other diseases. Our findings represent a step toward better diagnosis based on molecular signatures rather than clinical criteria.

• #57 Researchers Identify Potential Diagnostic Test for Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease Foundation

  https://kdfoundation.org/researchers-identify-potential-diagnostic-test-for-kawasaki-disease/

  For the first time, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Imperial College London, with international collaborators, have determined that Kawasaki Disease (KD) can be accurately diagnosed on the basis of the pattern of host gene expression in whole blood. The finding could lead to a diagnostic blood test to distinguish KD from other infectious and inflammatory conditions. […] As there is no diagnostic test for Kawasaki disease, late diagnosis often results in delayed or missed treatment and an increased risk of coronary artery aneurysms, said Jane C. Burns, MD, pediatrician at Rady Childrens Hospital-San Diego and director of the Kawasaki Disease Research Center at UC San Diego School of Medicine. […] A 13-transcript blood gene expression signature distinguished KD from the range of infectious and inflammatory conditions with which it is often clinically confused, said Burns. A test incorporating the 13-transcripts might enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of KD, preventing cardiac complications and reducing inappropriate treatment in those with other diseases.

• #58 A deep convolutional neural network for Kawasaki disease diagnosis | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15495-x

  Kawasaki disease (KD), the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children, can be easily missed as it shares clinical findings with other pediatric illnesses, leading to risk of myocardial infarction or death. […] KD remains a clinical diagnosis for which there is no diagnostic test, yet there are classic findings on exam that can be captured in a photograph. […] This study aimed to develop a deep convolutional neural network, KD-CNN, to differentiate photographs of KD clinical signs from those of other pediatric illnesses. […] KD-CNN achieved a median AUC of 0.90 (IQR 0.10 from tenfold cross validation), with a sensitivity of 0.80 (IQR 0.18) and specificity of 0.85 (IQR 0.19) to distinguish between children with and without clinical manifestations of KD. […] KD-CNN is a novel application of CNN in medicine, with the potential to assist clinicians in differentiating KD from other pediatric illnesses and thus reduce KD morbidity and mortality.

• #59 A deep convolutional neural network for Kawasaki disease diagnosis | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15495-x

  However, KD is often misdiagnosed as it shares clinical findings with other pediatric illnesses. […] To date, KD remains a disease for which the etiology is unknown and there is no specific test for diagnosis. […] KD clinical diagnosis is based on criteria established by the American Heart Association (AHA): bilateral conjunctival injection, erythema of lips and oral cavity, polymorphous exanthema, erythema/edema of peripheral extremities, and cervical lymphadenopathy. […] Given that KD clinical findings are visual onsets and can be captured in a photograph, a deep learning image analysis algorithm distinguishing KD from other look-alike illnesses has potential to aid in early diagnosis. […] We developed a deep convolutional neural network (KD-CNN) for KD diagnosis through clinical photographs.

• #60 A deep convolutional neural network for Kawasaki disease diagnosis | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15495-x

  Kawasaki disease (KD), the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children, can be easily missed as it shares clinical findings with other pediatric illnesses, leading to risk of myocardial infarction or death. […] KD remains a clinical diagnosis for which there is no diagnostic test, yet there are classic findings on exam that can be captured in a photograph. […] This study aimed to develop a deep convolutional neural network, KD-CNN, to differentiate photographs of KD clinical signs from those of other pediatric illnesses. […] KD-CNN achieved a median AUC of 0.90 (IQR 0.10 from tenfold cross validation), with a sensitivity of 0.80 (IQR 0.18) and specificity of 0.85 (IQR 0.19) to distinguish between children with and without clinical manifestations of KD. […] KD-CNN is a novel application of CNN in medicine, with the potential to assist clinicians in differentiating KD from other pediatric illnesses and thus reduce KD morbidity and mortality.

• #61 Machine learning for early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in acute febrile children: retrospective cross-sectional study in China | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90919-y

  Early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) allows timely treatment to be initiated, thereby preventing coronary artery aneurysms in children. […] This study aims to develop a machine learning prediction model using routine blood tests to distinguish children with KD from other febrile illnesses in Chinese children within the first five days of fever onset. […] The supervised method, Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), was applied. […] This study demonstrates that the application of the machine learning model, XGBoost, on routine blood test results can predict KD. […] The currently proposed rapid methods for KD diagnosis using machine learning are not yet being implemented into routine clinical practice. […] Our study is the first to explore the possibility of diagnosing KD using only routinely collected blood tests yet achieving high accuracy with machine learning.

• #62 Machine learning for early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease in acute febrile children: retrospective cross-sectional study in China | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90919-y

  Despite the potential of machine learning, few studies or decision-support systems have been developed to classify and diagnose diseases like KD. […] Our study found similar performance of three feature selection methods (Lasso, t-test/Chi-squared, and no-selection) and identified EO%, HCT, PCT, gender, and BA# as the top five significant features. […] In our study, XGBoost demonstrated the highest accuracy (0.9979) and AUC (0.9999) in diagnosing KD without feature selection, aligning with previous research findings. […] Our study focuses on universally accessible features in most healthcare settings, utilizing only routine blood tests. […] Routine blood tests have the potential to predict KD. Additionally, the XGBoost model demonstrates excellent accuracy, offering a practical, non-invasive diagnostic tool for primary care clinics or emergency rooms.

• #63 Kawasaki disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_disease

  Kawasaki disease is a syndrome of unknown cause that results in a fever and mainly affects children under 5 years of age. […] Diagnosis is usually based on a person’s signs and symptoms. […] Other tests such as an ultrasound of the heart and blood tests may support the diagnosis. […] Diagnosis must take into account many other conditions that may present similar features, including scarlet fever and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. […] A diagnosis of Kawasaki disease can be made if fever and only three changes are present if coronary artery disease is documented by two-dimensional echocardiography or coronary angiography. […] Since no specific laboratory test exists for Kawasaki disease, diagnosis must be based on clinical signs and symptoms, together with laboratory findings. […] Establishing the diagnosis is difficult, especially early in the course of the illness, and frequently children are not diagnosed until they have seen several health-care providers.

• #64 Kawasaki disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_disease

  Classically, five days of fever plus four of five diagnostic criteria must be met to establish the diagnosis. […] Many children, especially infants, eventually diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, do not exhibit all of the above criteria. […] In fact, many experts now recommend treating for Kawasaki disease even if only three days of fever have passed and at least three diagnostic criteria are present, especially if other tests reveal abnormalities consistent with Kawasaki disease. […] The broadness of the differential diagnosis is a challenge to timely diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. […] Infectious and noninfectious conditions requiring consideration include: measles and other viral infections (e.g. adenovirus, enterovirus); staphylococcal and streptococcal toxin-mediated diseases such as scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome; drug hypersensitivity reactions (including Stevens Johnson syndrome); systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Rocky Mountain spotted fever or other rickettsial infections; and leptospirosis. […] The diagnosis can be made purely by the detection of coronary artery aneurysms in the proper clinical setting.

• #65

• #66 Diagnosing and Managing Kawasaki Diseaselogo-32logo-40logo-60NEJM Journal WatchnejmJW_1L_RGB-b

  https://www.jwatch.org/na58286/2025/03/18/diagnosing-and-managing-kawasaki-disease

  Kawasaki disease is a rare illness that causes inflammation of the blood vessels and high fever, usually in young children. Risk for myocardial infarction (MI) is highest soon after Kawasaki disease onset. This updated AHA statement for diagnosing and managing Kawasaki disease summarizes recent developments in imaging, treatment, and long-term follow-up. Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease have not changed since the prior guideline that was published in 2005. […] Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been added to the differential diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. […] Pediatricians should identify children with high-risk Kawasaki disease features, as earlier combination therapy is warranted in those cases. Including MIS-C in this statement is timely, as pediatricians will recall the predicament of disentangling MIS-C from Kawasaki disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #67 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | RheumNow

  https://rheumnow.com/news/diagnosis-and-management-kawasaki-disease

  These advancements help clinicians identify high-risk patients who might require more intensive initial treatment to potentially reduce coronary artery complications. […] The statement suggests echocardiograms at regular time intervals, with a higher frequency in patients with coronary artery Z-scores greater than 2.5, to track the progression of any coronary artery abnormalities during hospitalization or after discharge. […] The outbreak of COVID-19 saw an increase in a related condition called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). MIS-C became a diagnostic challenge since many symptoms including fever, rash and heart-related issues, overlap with symptoms of Kawasaki Disease. […] In contrast, coronary artery involvement remains a hallmark of Kawasaki Disease, helping health care professionals make more accurate diagnoses. […] This updated scientific statement highlights the need for a formal transition program to ensure continuity of care for adolescents and adults with a history of Kawasaki Disease.

• #68 Kawasaki disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kawasaki-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354598

  Symptoms of Kawasaki disease include a fever greater than 102.2 degrees Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius) for five or more days. And the child has at least four of the following symptoms. […] Some children get a high fever for five or more days but have fewer than four of the symptoms needed for a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. They might have what’s called incomplete Kawasaki disease. Children with incomplete Kawasaki disease are still at risk of damage to the heart arteries. They still need treatment within 10 days of when symptoms appear. […] If your child has a fever that lasts more than three days, contact your child’s healthcare professional. Treating Kawasaki disease within 10 days of when it began may reduce the chances of lasting damage to the arteries that supply the heart.

• #69 Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis and Treatment in over 1000 Patients: A Continuum of Dysregulated Inflammatory Responses

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/9/2014

  Kawasaki disease (KD) is a severe pediatric vasculitis, which was first described in Japan over five decades ago. It was hypothesized to be a post-infectious hyperinflammatory syndrome in genetically susceptible children, but the exact mechanism behind Kawasaki disease remains unknown. KD has a male preponderance and most often affects children under the age of five. The most important complication of KD is the development of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs), which develop in about 15–25% of untreated patients and can lead to thrombus formation or stenosis, with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Although this risk significantly diminished since the introduction of standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and aspirin, IVIG resistance occurs in up to 20% of affected children and 4–14% of children develop CAAs despite timely treatment, stressing the need to elucidate mechanisms underlying IVIG resistance and CAA development.

• #70 Kawasaki disease – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/kawasaki-disease/

  Low WBC and lymphocyte predominance suggests an alternative diagnosis […] Thrombocytosis is a characteristic feature that generally doesn’t occur until the second week, peaking in the third week, normalizing by 4 to 6 weeks […] Thrombocytopenia can be a sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation and is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery abnormalities […] Were aiming to prevent important coronary artery abnormalities […] Timely (as soon as possible, ideally within 10 days) IVIG treatment reduces the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (defined from absolute luminal dimensions) from 25% to 4% […] If the diagnosis is delayed, IVIG should still be given (after the tenth day of illness) IF there is presence of fever, or continued elevation of ESR or CRP3, indicating ongoing inflammation

• #71 Kawasaki Disease: Diagnosis, Management, Follow-up and Referral – PAEDIATRIC INNOVATION, EDUCATION & RESEARCH NETWORK

  https://www.piernetwork.org/kawasaki.html

  Following diagnosis patients with Kawasaki disease should be commenced on treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin within the first 10 days of the onset of the illness reduces the complications, mortality and morbidity of Kawasaki disease. […] If risk factors for IVIG resistance (age 1 year, plts 100, liver derangement – ALT100), to discuss with UHS ID or rheumatology team regarding need for adjuvant immunosuppression (oral prednisolone 2mg/kg for 3 days followed by wean over 2 weeks) in addition to first dose of IVIG and role of urgent echocardiogram. […] Timing of echocardiography should not delay the initiation of IVIG. If Kawasaki disease is strongly suspected in patients who do not fulfill all the clinical criteria for diagnosis of Kawasaki disease such as those with suspected incomplete Kawasaki disease, an urgent echocardiography can be diagnostic.

• #72 Kawasaki disease – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/kawasaki-disease/

  Low WBC and lymphocyte predominance suggests an alternative diagnosis […] Thrombocytosis is a characteristic feature that generally doesn’t occur until the second week, peaking in the third week, normalizing by 4 to 6 weeks […] Thrombocytopenia can be a sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation and is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery abnormalities […] Were aiming to prevent important coronary artery abnormalities […] Timely (as soon as possible, ideally within 10 days) IVIG treatment reduces the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (defined from absolute luminal dimensions) from 25% to 4% […] If the diagnosis is delayed, IVIG should still be given (after the tenth day of illness) IF there is presence of fever, or continued elevation of ESR or CRP3, indicating ongoing inflammation

• #73 Kawasaki disease – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/kawasaki-disease/

  Low WBC and lymphocyte predominance suggests an alternative diagnosis […] Thrombocytosis is a characteristic feature that generally doesn’t occur until the second week, peaking in the third week, normalizing by 4 to 6 weeks […] Thrombocytopenia can be a sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation and is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery abnormalities […] Were aiming to prevent important coronary artery abnormalities […] Timely (as soon as possible, ideally within 10 days) IVIG treatment reduces the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (defined from absolute luminal dimensions) from 25% to 4% […] If the diagnosis is delayed, IVIG should still be given (after the tenth day of illness) IF there is presence of fever, or continued elevation of ESR or CRP3, indicating ongoing inflammation

• #74 Kawasaki Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/kawasaki-disease

  There is no single test to know if a child has Kawasaki Disease. The diagnosis is considered when the child has: […] If Kawasaki Disease is suspected, the child will be hospitalized right away. In the hospital, the doctor may order tests to check the health of his or her heart. […] Electrocardiogram (EKG). This test records the child’s heartbeats and shows abnormal rhythms or beats. […] Echocardiogram (ECG). This test uses sound waves to make a picture of the heart and blood vessels. […] Blood and urine tests. These tests are to look for abnormal amounts of blood cells and proteins that signal inflammation. […] Your child will need to come to the Kawasaki Disease Clinic regularly for the first few months. Usually, an ECG is ordered at 2 weeks and again at 6 to 8 weeks after treatment is started. The doctor will examine your child to make sure there are no heart problems.

• #75 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: Key Points

  https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/11/15/18/52/update-on-diagnosis

  Intensification of primary therapy with adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy (dual therapy) may benefit high-risk patients with KD. Patients with large CAAs require antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy. […] New direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are not as affected by vitamin K intake as warfarin and do not require the therapeutic monitoring challenges of warfarin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). DOACs may provide a more convenient and safer alternative than warfarin or LMWH. […] Medical centers that follow patients with KD with giant CAA need to have a multidisciplinary heart team and a protocol in place to address major adverse cardiac events. […] Long-term surveillance is necessary in patients with CAA, especially in those with large or giant aneurysms 1 year after KD onset. This may be performed with low-radiation computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging with ferumoxytol, or invasive angiography depending on the patients coronary complexity and clinical circumstances, as well as institutional resources.

• #76 Kawasaki disease – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/kawasaki-disease/

  Aspirin is used with the theoretical rationale of reducing coronary artery aneurysms […] Patients should receive a seasonal influenza vaccination […] Fever usually resolves within 36 hours after IVIG infusion has been completed; if not, the patient is considered to have resistance to IVIG […] 10-20% of patients will not respond to the single IVIG treatment dose […] An angiographic study of 1100 patients showed coronary artery lesions in 24%, with aneurysms in 8% and a number of patients with stenoses and occlusions […] Risk stratification for long-term management is based primarily on maximal coronary artery luminal dimensions, normalized as Z scores, and is calibrated to both past and current involvement […] Be aware of the diagnostic criteria of complete Kawasaki Disease (KD) […] Always consider incomplete KD (15-20% of cases) and refer to the algorithm if concerns, there are pitfalls! […] Liaise with cardiology regarding an ECHO.

• #77 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: Key Points

  https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/11/15/18/52/update-on-diagnosis

  Intensification of primary therapy with adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy (dual therapy) may benefit high-risk patients with KD. Patients with large CAAs require antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy. […] New direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are not as affected by vitamin K intake as warfarin and do not require the therapeutic monitoring challenges of warfarin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). DOACs may provide a more convenient and safer alternative than warfarin or LMWH. […] Medical centers that follow patients with KD with giant CAA need to have a multidisciplinary heart team and a protocol in place to address major adverse cardiac events. […] Long-term surveillance is necessary in patients with CAA, especially in those with large or giant aneurysms 1 year after KD onset. This may be performed with low-radiation computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging with ferumoxytol, or invasive angiography depending on the patients coronary complexity and clinical circumstances, as well as institutional resources.

• #78 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: Key Points

  https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/11/15/18/52/update-on-diagnosis

  Intensification of primary therapy with adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy (dual therapy) may benefit high-risk patients with KD. Patients with large CAAs require antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy. […] New direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are not as affected by vitamin K intake as warfarin and do not require the therapeutic monitoring challenges of warfarin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). DOACs may provide a more convenient and safer alternative than warfarin or LMWH. […] Medical centers that follow patients with KD with giant CAA need to have a multidisciplinary heart team and a protocol in place to address major adverse cardiac events. […] Long-term surveillance is necessary in patients with CAA, especially in those with large or giant aneurysms 1 year after KD onset. This may be performed with low-radiation computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging with ferumoxytol, or invasive angiography depending on the patients coronary complexity and clinical circumstances, as well as institutional resources.

• #79 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: Key Points

  https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/11/15/18/52/update-on-diagnosis

  Intensification of primary therapy with adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy (dual therapy) may benefit high-risk patients with KD. Patients with large CAAs require antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy. […] New direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are not as affected by vitamin K intake as warfarin and do not require the therapeutic monitoring challenges of warfarin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). DOACs may provide a more convenient and safer alternative than warfarin or LMWH. […] Medical centers that follow patients with KD with giant CAA need to have a multidisciplinary heart team and a protocol in place to address major adverse cardiac events. […] Long-term surveillance is necessary in patients with CAA, especially in those with large or giant aneurysms 1 year after KD onset. This may be performed with low-radiation computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging with ferumoxytol, or invasive angiography depending on the patients coronary complexity and clinical circumstances, as well as institutional resources.

• #80 Researchers Identify Potential Diagnostic Test for Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease Foundation

  https://kdfoundation.org/researchers-identify-potential-diagnostic-test-for-kawasaki-disease/

  For the first time, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Imperial College London, with international collaborators, have determined that Kawasaki Disease (KD) can be accurately diagnosed on the basis of the pattern of host gene expression in whole blood. The finding could lead to a diagnostic blood test to distinguish KD from other infectious and inflammatory conditions. […] As there is no diagnostic test for Kawasaki disease, late diagnosis often results in delayed or missed treatment and an increased risk of coronary artery aneurysms, said Jane C. Burns, MD, pediatrician at Rady Childrens Hospital-San Diego and director of the Kawasaki Disease Research Center at UC San Diego School of Medicine. […] A 13-transcript blood gene expression signature distinguished KD from the range of infectious and inflammatory conditions with which it is often clinically confused, said Burns. A test incorporating the 13-transcripts might enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of KD, preventing cardiac complications and reducing inappropriate treatment in those with other diseases.

• #81 Diagnosis and management of kawasaki disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25822554/

  Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects patients younger than five years. It represents the most prominent cause of acquired coronary artery disease in childhood. In the United States, 19 per 100,000 children younger than five years are hospitalized with Kawasaki disease annually. According to U.S. and Japanese guidelines, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. Classic (typical) Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on the presence of a fever lasting five or more days, accompanied by four out of five findings: bilateral conjunctival injection, oral changes such as cracked and erythematous lips and strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, extremity changes such as erythema or palm and sole desquamation, and polymorphous rash. Incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease occurs in persons with fever lasting five or more days and with two or three of these findings. Transthoracic echocardiography is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice to screen for coronary aneurysms, although other techniques are being evaluated for diagnosis and management. […] The presence and severity of coronary aneurysms and obstruction at diagnosis determine treatment options and the need, periodicity, and intensity of long-term cardiovascular monitoring for potential atherosclerosis.

• #82 Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0315/p365.html

  In 2004, the American Heart Association (AHA) published diagnostic criteria for classic (typical) and incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease. […] These criteria are similar to those of the Japanese Circulation Society. […] In both forms, Kawasaki disease is a clinical diagnosis. There is no specific diagnostic test, although laboratory and echocardiographic findings (e.g., elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, coronary aneurysms) may be helpful in evaluating suspected cases and differentiating Kawasaki disease from other conditions. […] Coronary abnormalities, such as aneurysms, may develop within the first week of disease, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

• #83 Kawasaki disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kawasaki-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354598

  Symptoms of Kawasaki disease include a fever greater than 102.2 degrees Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius) for five or more days. And the child has at least four of the following symptoms. […] Some children get a high fever for five or more days but have fewer than four of the symptoms needed for a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. They might have what’s called incomplete Kawasaki disease. Children with incomplete Kawasaki disease are still at risk of damage to the heart arteries. They still need treatment within 10 days of when symptoms appear. […] If your child has a fever that lasts more than three days, contact your child’s healthcare professional. Treating Kawasaki disease within 10 days of when it began may reduce the chances of lasting damage to the arteries that supply the heart.

• #84 Kawasaki disease – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/kawasaki-disease/

  Consider KD if: Infants 6 months old with prolonged fever and irritability […] Infants with prolonged fever and unexplained aseptic meningitis […] Infants or children with prolonged fever and unexplained or culture-negative shock […] Infants or children with prolonged fever and cervical lymphadenitis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy […] Infants or children with prolonged fever and retropharyngeal oroparapharyngeal phlegmon unresponsive to antibiotic therapy […] As suggested by RCH Melbourne guidelines, all patients should have: ASOT / Anti DNAase B […] Echocardiography (at least twice: at initial presentation and, if negative, again at 6 8 weeks) […] Platelet count (marked thrombocytosis common in the second week of illness) […] KD is unlikely if ESR, CRP, and platelet count are normal after day 7 of illness

• #85 Researchers Identify Potential Diagnostic Test for Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease Foundation

  https://kdfoundation.org/researchers-identify-potential-diagnostic-test-for-kawasaki-disease/

  For the first time, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Imperial College London, with international collaborators, have determined that Kawasaki Disease (KD) can be accurately diagnosed on the basis of the pattern of host gene expression in whole blood. The finding could lead to a diagnostic blood test to distinguish KD from other infectious and inflammatory conditions. […] As there is no diagnostic test for Kawasaki disease, late diagnosis often results in delayed or missed treatment and an increased risk of coronary artery aneurysms, said Jane C. Burns, MD, pediatrician at Rady Childrens Hospital-San Diego and director of the Kawasaki Disease Research Center at UC San Diego School of Medicine. […] A 13-transcript blood gene expression signature distinguished KD from the range of infectious and inflammatory conditions with which it is often clinically confused, said Burns. A test incorporating the 13-transcripts might enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of KD, preventing cardiac complications and reducing inappropriate treatment in those with other diseases.

• #86

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40138-023-00273-4

  Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium vessel vasculitis in pediatric patients with a predilection for coronary artery involvement. […] The goal of this article is to identify recent research that focuses on the newest diagnostic tools, predictive factors for coronary involvement, and treatment failure, as well as the most recent literature on treatment. […] New diagnostic tools have been described that help separate febrile children with KD by only using lab parameters rather than subjective, clinical findings. […] Further research is needed to develop and validate predictive models that can be used clinically to diagnose our pediatric population, identify patients at higher risk for coronary involvement, and identify those at risk for treatment failure. […] A study that shows predictive lab work for KD. […] A 2023 study using an AI algorithm you can be fairly certain of a KD diagnosis in any child with a fever based on lab work and excluding the physical characteristics of diagnosis.

• #87 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/beyondthebump/comments/1hyalnf/kawasaki_disease_what_parents_should_know_and/

  If you ever notice a combination of these symptoms, especially with a fever that just wont go away, dont hesitate to bring it up to your doctor. […] Early treatment is key to preventing heart issues, and sometimes you need to advocate for your child because not every doctor will think of it right away.

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