Ból na górze stopy
Epidemiologia
Ból stopy, szczególnie zlokalizowany na górze stopy, jest powszechnym problemem zdrowotnym o częstości występowania od 13% do 40% w populacji ogólnej, z wyższą częstością u kobiet, osób otyłych oraz starszych. Najczęstsze przyczyny obejmują zapalenie ścięgien, złamania przeciążeniowe kości śródstopia, urazy stawu Lisfranca oraz schorzenia takie jak hallux rigidus (dotykający 40% mężczyzn i 50% kobiet do 70. roku życia) i hallux valgus (występujący u 26% kobiet w wieku 18-65 lat i 36% powyżej 65 lat). Czynniki ryzyka to m.in. płeć żeńska, otyłość, aktywność fizyczna o wysokiej intensywności, nieodpowiednie obuwie oraz współistniejące choroby, takie jak zapalenia stawów czy cukrzyca. Złamania przeciążeniowe są szczególnie istotne u sportowców i osób z osteoporozą, a zapalenie ścięgien, zwłaszcza ścięgna piszczelowego przedniego, jest częstym urazem przeciążeniowym.
- Epidemiologia bólu na górze stopy
- Występowanie bólu na górze stopy
- Czynniki ryzyka bólu na górze stopy
- Epidemiologia złamań przeciążeniowych
- Epidemiologia zapalenia ścięgien
- Epidemiologia artrozy w obrębie stopy
- Epidemiologia urazów Lisfranca
- Współchorobowość i powiązania
- Wpływ na system opieki zdrowotnej
- Nadzór i monitorowanie bólu na górze stopy
Epidemiologia bólu na górze stopy
Ból stopy jest powszechnym problemem zdrowotnym, dotykającym znaczną część populacji. Badania wskazują, że ogólna częstość występowania bólu stopy wynosi około 9,4% w przypadku dolegliwości powodujących niepełnosprawność, podczas gdy umiarkowany do ciężkiego ból stopy może dotykać nawet 40% populacji wykształconej uniwersytecko12. Międzynarodowe badania wskazują, że częstość występowania bólu stopy waha się od 13% do 36%, w zależności od definicji przypadku stosowanej w badaniu3.
Występowanie bólu na górze stopy
Ból zlokalizowany na górze stopy jest często związany z przeciążeniem lub urazem struktur anatomicznych w tej okolicy. Wśród najczęstszych przyczyn bólu na górze stopy wymienia się zapalenie ścięgien, złamania przeciążeniowe kości śródstopia oraz uszkodzenia stawu Lisfranca45. Ból na górze stopy w okolicy stawu skokowego może wskazywać na złamanie przeciążeniowe kości łódkowatej, które częściej występuje u sportowców, zwłaszcza koszykarzy i gimnastyków6.
W przypadku bólu zlokalizowanego na przedniej części stopy, w okolicy palucha, częstą przyczyną jest hallux rigidus (sztywność palucha), dotykający ponad 40% mężczyzn i 50% kobiet do wczesnych lat 70. życia. U około 20% osób znaczący hallux rigidus rozwinie się już do wczesnych lat 407. Należy odróżnić ten stan od palucha koślawego (hallux valgus), charakteryzującego się deformacją w postaci tzw. bunionów, który występuje u 26% kobiet w wieku 18-65 lat oraz u 36% kobiet powyżej 65. roku życia8.
Czynniki ryzyka bólu na górze stopy
Zidentyfikowano szereg czynników ryzyka związanych z występowaniem bólu stopy, w tym także bólu zlokalizowanego na górze stopy. Należą do nich:910
- Płeć żeńska – kobiety znacznie częściej doświadczają bólu stopy niż mężczyźni
- Otyłość – zwiększony wskaźnik masy ciała (BMI) jest niezależnym czynnikiem ryzyka
- Zaawansowany wiek – częstość występowania bólu stopy wzrasta z wiekiem
- Aktywność fizyczna o wysokiej intensywności – szczególnie bieganie, skakanie i inne sporty o dużym obciążeniu
- Nieodpowiednie obuwie – niewłaściwie dobrane buty mogą przyczyniać się do rozwoju bólu
- Występowanie innych schorzeń – takich jak zapalenia stawów, cukrzyca czy schorzenia naczyniowe
Wieloczynnikowa analiza wykazała, że płeć żeńska, otyłość, występowanie bunionów, ból biodra, ból pleców oraz niższa klasa zawodowa są istotnie i niezależnie związane z umiarkowanym do ciężkiego bólem stopy11.
Epidemiologia złamań przeciążeniowych
Złamania przeciążeniowe kości śródstopia stanowią istotną przyczynę bólu zlokalizowanego na górze stopy. Te mikrouszkodzenia kości są zazwyczaj wynikiem nadmiernego obciążenia lub powtarzającej się siły, najczęściej związanej z aktywnościami o wysokim obciążeniu, takimi jak bieganie czy skakanie. Warto jednak zauważyć, że złamania przeciążeniowe mogą również występować podczas normalnego użytkowania kości osłabionej przez schorzenia takie jak osteoporoza1213.
U osób starszych, szczególnie u kobiet, ryzyko złamań przeciążeniowych wzrasta ze względu na zmniejszoną gęstość kości. W tych przypadkach złamania przeciążeniowe mogą wystąpić nawet podczas regularnych codziennych czynności, takich jak chodzenie14.
Epidemiologia zapalenia ścięgien
Zapalenie ścięgien biegnących wzdłuż górnej części stopy stanowi częstą przyczynę bólu w tej okolicy. Stan ten jest zwykle spowodowany przeciążeniem i jest powszechny u osób wykonujących czynności lub zawody związane z powtarzającymi się ruchami, takimi jak bieganie, taniec lub wchodzenie po schodach czy drabinach15. Zapalenie ścięgna piszczelowego przedniego, które pomaga w zgięciu grzbietowym stopy, jest typowym urazem przeciążeniowym, mogącym powodować ból na górze śródstopia16.
Epidemiologia artrozy w obrębie stopy
Artroza małych kości śródstopia może prowadzić do bólu na górze środkowej części stopy. Artroza, definiowana jako utrata chrząstki w stawie, jest zwykle spowodowana zużyciem w miarę upływu czasu. Ból może nasilać się podczas noszenia zbyt ciasno zawiązanych butów17.
W przypadku palucha sztywnego (hallux rigidus), który jest formą artrozy stawu śródstopno-paliczkowego palucha, dane epidemiologiczne wskazują na znaczną częstość występowania tego schorzenia, szczególnie w starszych grupach wiekowych18.
Epidemiologia urazów Lisfranca
Uraz Lisfranca, polegający na uszkodzeniu silnego więzadła w środkowej części stopy, które podtrzymuje łuk stopy, jest kolejną istotną przyczyną bólu na górze stopy, szczególnie po urazie19. Chociaż dokładne dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące urazów Lisfranca są ograniczone, urazy te są uznawane za istotną przyczynę bólu na górze stopy u osób aktywnych fizycznie.
Współchorobowość i powiązania
Istotną obserwacją jest fakt, że izolowany ból stopy jest stosunkowo rzadki – tylko 1 na 38 osób z bólem stopy doświadcza wyłącznie bólu w tej lokalizacji20. Badania wykazały, że schorzenia takie jak ból pleców, ból kolana, ból biodra, nadciśnienie tętnicze, reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów, nadwaga/otyłość oraz występowanie jakiegokolwiek schorzenia lub współchorobowości są związane z umiarkowanym do ciężkiego bólem stopy21.
W przypadku pacjentów ze sklerodermią, badania wykazały, że ból stopy i zmiany są powszechne, a podtyp rozlany choroby, objaw Raynauda w obrębie stopy, zwapnienia i teleangiektazje były niezależnymi czynnikami związanymi z występowaniem zmian w obrębie stopy22.
Wpływ na system opieki zdrowotnej
Ból stopy, w tym ból zlokalizowany na górze stopy, stanowi znaczne obciążenie dla systemu opieki zdrowotnej. Dolegliwości stóp i stawów skokowych odpowiadają za 3-8% konsultacji w zakresie chorób układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego w brytyjskiej podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej23. W Stanach Zjednoczonych ból pięty, najczęściej związany z zapaleniem powięzi podeszwowej, odpowiada za średnio milion wizyt pacjentów rocznie u lekarzy, z wyłączeniem wizyt u podologów lub w placówkach federalnych, wojskowych lub administracji weteranów24.
Biorąc pod uwagę rozpowszechnienie bólu stopy i jego wpływ na funkcjonowanie pacjentów, należy zwrócić szczególną uwagę na dolegliwości stóp i stawów skokowych, oprócz innych, częściej zgłaszanych problemów ze stawami25.
Nadzór i monitorowanie bólu na górze stopy
Systematyczne monitorowanie i nadzór nad bólem na górze stopy jest istotnym elementem skutecznego zarządzania tym problemem zdrowotnym. W kontekście zdrowia publicznego, nadzór nad bólem stopy obejmuje gromadzenie, analizę i interpretację danych w celu lepszego zrozumienia jego epidemiologii i czynników ryzyka2627.
Metody zbierania danych
Dane dotyczące bólu na górze stopy są zbierane za pomocą różnych metod, w tym:2829
- Badania populacyjne – ankiety i kwestionariusze dystrybuowane wśród ogólnej populacji
- Dane z systemów opieki zdrowotnej – rejestry wizyt ambulatoryjnych, konsultacji specjalistycznych
- Badania kohortowe – długoterminowe obserwacje określonych grup populacyjnych
- Badania przekrojowe – jednorazowe badania oceniające częstość występowania w określonym momencie
Wyzwaniem w nadzorze nad bólem na górze stopy jest brak standaryzacji definicji przypadku, co utrudnia porównywanie danych z różnych badań. Częstość występowania bólu stopy jest prawdopodobnie zależna od zastosowanej definicji przypadku, dlatego konieczne jest, aby przyszłe badania populacyjne stosowały spójne miary gromadzenia danych30.
Nadzór w określonych populacjach
Szczególną uwagę poświęca się nadzorowi nad bólem stopy w określonych populacjach, takich jak:3132
- Populacja wojskowa – ogólna częstość występowania zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej w populacji wojskowej wynosiła 10,55 na 1000 osobolat
- Sportowcy – częstość występowania zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej wśród biegaczy wynosiła od 4% do 22%
- Pacjenci z chorobami autoimmunologicznymi – jak w przypadku sklerodermii, gdzie 24,1% pacjentów zgłaszało ból stopy
- Osoby starsze – grupa o zwiększonym ryzyku bólu stopy i związanych z nim powikłań
W populacji wojskowej zidentyfikowano szereg czynników ryzyka rozwoju zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej, w tym płeć żeńską, rasę czarną, określone grupy rang wojskowych, służbę w Armii lub Marines oraz wiek powyżej 24 lat34.
Ocena wpływu
Nadzór nad bólem na górze stopy obejmuje również ocenę jego wpływu na jakość życia i funkcjonowanie pacjentów. Badania wykazały, że obecność umiarkowanego do ciężkiego bólu stopy była związana z gorszymi wynikami w zakresie funkcji stopy, zdrowia stopy i jakości życia związanej ze zdrowiem, nawet po uwzględnieniu wieku, płci i wskaźnika masy ciała35.
Ból stopy i stawu skokowego przyczynia się do upośledzenia funkcjonalnego i często występuje wraz z bólami innych stawów, co podkreśla znaczenie holistycznego podejścia do oceny i leczenia tych dolegliwości36.
Wzorce korzystania z opieki zdrowotnej
Istotnym aspektem nadzoru jest monitorowanie wzorców korzystania z opieki zdrowotnej przez pacjentów z bólem na górze stopy. W przypadku zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej, dane z USA wskazują, że 62% wizyt było realizowanych w klinikach medycyny ogólnej, podczas gdy 31% pacjentów było ocenianych przez chirurgów ortopedycznych lub ogólnych37.
Niedawne badanie członków Amerykańskiego Stowarzyszenia Medycyny Podiatrycznej ujawniło, że ból pięty/zapalenie powięzi podeszwowej był najczęstszym schorzeniem leczonym w klinikach podiatrycznych38.
Śledzenie wyników leczenia
Monitorowanie wyników leczenia stanowi kluczowy element nadzoru nad bólem na górze stopy. W przypadku zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej, 80% przypadków ustępuje przy samym leczeniu OTC i terapiach domowych, najczęściej w ciągu sześciu miesięcy od rozpoczęcia leczenia39. Osoby szukające pomocy w ciągu 12 miesięcy od wystąpienia objawów mają większe szanse na ich ustąpienie40.
Systematyczne śledzenie wyników leczenia pozwala na identyfikację skutecznych strategii terapeutycznych i optymalizację opieki nad pacjentami z bólem na górze stopy.
| Schorzenie | Częstość występowania | Główne czynniki ryzyka | Typowe grupy wiekowe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umiarkowany do ciężkiego ból stopy | 13-40% populacji ogólnej | Płeć żeńska, otyłość, buniony, ból biodra, ból pleców | Wszystkie grupy wiekowe, wzrost z wiekiem |
| Hallux rigidus (sztywność palucha) | 40% mężczyzn i 50% kobiet do 70. roku życia | Wiek, urazy, nieprawidłowa biomechanika stopy | 20% osób rozwija do wczesnych lat 40. |
| Hallux valgus (paluch koślawy) | 26% kobiet (18-65 lat), 36% kobiet (>65 lat) | Płeć żeńska, wiek, genetyka, nieodpowiednie obuwie | Wzrost częstości z wiekiem |
| Złamania przeciążeniowe kości śródstopia | Zmienna, wyższa u sportowców i osób z osteoporozą | Aktywność o wysokiej intensywności, osteoporoza | Młodzi dorośli (sportowcy), osoby starsze (osteoporoza) |
| Zapalenie powięzi podeszwowej | 4-22% wśród biegaczy, 10,55/1000 osobolat (wojsko) | Płeć żeńska, wiek >24 lat, nadwaga | 25-65 lat (83% aktywnych zawodowo dorosłych) |
| Schwannoma (nerwiak osłonkowy) | Rzadkie | 90% sporadyczne, 3% z neurofibromatozą typu 2 | 30-60 lat |
Podsumowując, ból na górze stopy stanowi istotny problem zdrowia publicznego, dotykający znacznej części populacji. Kompleksowy nadzór nad tym schorzeniem, obejmujący systematyczne gromadzenie danych, monitorowanie czynników ryzyka oraz ocenę wpływu na jakość życia pacjentów, jest niezbędny dla opracowania skutecznych strategii profilaktycznych i terapeutycznych4142.
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Materiały źródłowe
- #1 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Surveyhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098653/
Moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university-educated population and was independently associated with female gender, high body mass index, bunions, back pain, hip pain and lower occupational class. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain affected 236/593 respondents (39.8%). […] The presence of moderate-to-severe foot pain was associated with worse scores for foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain was significantly and independently associated lower foot function, foot health and health-related quality of life scores following adjustment for age, gender and body mass index (p0.05). […] The results of this survey demonstrate that moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university educated population of adults, affecting approximately 40% of respondents, and was associated with poorer foot health and reduced HRQoL.
- #2 Painful Foot: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctorhttps://patient.info/doctor/painful-foot
Painful feet are a very common problem. One cross-sectional postal survey reported a 9.4% prevalence of disabling foot conditions. […] Risk factors for foot pain include advancing age, obesity, injudicious footwear, high-impact exercise (eg, jogging) and underlying medical conditions (see under 'Aetiology’ section).
- #3 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohortshttps://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
- #4 Foot Pain Conditions, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_foot-pain-causes.asp
Pain at the top of the foot near the ankle may be due to a stress fracture of the navicular bone. This is caused by repetitive force and is more commonly seen in athletes like basketball players and gymnasts. […] Pain at the top of the foot after an injury to the foot may be a Lisfranc injury, which is disruption of a strong ligament in the middle of the foot that holds up the arch. […] Pain at the top of the middle of the foot can be caused by arthritis in the small bones of the midfoot. Arthritis is the loss of cartilage in a joint and is typically due to wear and tear over time. The pain may be exacerbated when tying shoes too tightly. […] Similar to midfoot arthritis, pain on the top of the midfoot may be due to tendonitis of the anterior tibial tendon. This is typically an overuse injury of the tendon that helps you dorsiflex (bring the foot up off the ground).
- #5 Foot pain: A look at why your feet might hurt – Harvard Healthhttps://www.health.harvard.edu/digital_first_content/foot-pain-a-look-at-why-your-feet-might-hurt
Pain on the top of the foot is often due to overuse or injury. The tendons, muscles, and bones in this area can be affected. Two common overuse injuries that affect the top of the foot are: […] The tendons that run along the top of the foot can become inflamed due to overuse, leading to pain and swelling on the top of the midfoot. This is common in people who engage in activities or jobs that involve repetitive movements, such as running, dancing, or climbing stairs or ladders. […] Just like in the ball of the foot, stress fractures can also develop in the bones on the top of the foot. This typically results from repetitive activities, such as running or jumping. However, in older adults, especially women, the risk of stress fractures increases due to decreased bone density. In these cases, stress fractures can occur even during regular daily activities such as walking.
- #6 Foot Pain Conditions, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_foot-pain-causes.asp
Pain at the top of the foot near the ankle may be due to a stress fracture of the navicular bone. This is caused by repetitive force and is more commonly seen in athletes like basketball players and gymnasts. […] Pain at the top of the foot after an injury to the foot may be a Lisfranc injury, which is disruption of a strong ligament in the middle of the foot that holds up the arch. […] Pain at the top of the middle of the foot can be caused by arthritis in the small bones of the midfoot. Arthritis is the loss of cartilage in a joint and is typically due to wear and tear over time. The pain may be exacerbated when tying shoes too tightly. […] Similar to midfoot arthritis, pain on the top of the midfoot may be due to tendonitis of the anterior tibial tendon. This is typically an overuse injury of the tendon that helps you dorsiflex (bring the foot up off the ground).
- #7 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Foot pain reportedly affects 30% of the general population.1 In addition to causing pain and inconvenience, some foot problems are associated with disability and fall-related morbidity.2 Many common foot ailments do not require podiatry referral or complex interventions and are best managed with appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and home care, with careful guidance from the family physician. […] Each year, more than 800,000 Americans younger than 65 years seek outpatient treatment of plantar fasciitis.3 In 80% of plantar fasciitis cases, symptoms resolve with OTC and home therapies alone, most often within six months of commencing treatment.4 Those who seek care within 12 months of onset are more likely to have resolution of symptoms.4 […] Hallux rigidus is common, affecting more than 40% of men and 50% of women by their early 70s. Significant hallux rigidus will develop in 20% of persons by their early 40s.21
- #8 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Hallux valgus is known for the characteristic bunion deformity at the first MTP joint, which can lead to osteoarthritis of the joint. It is more prevalent in women, occurring in 26% of women 18 to 65 years of age and in 36% of those older than 65 years.28 […] The prevalence of tinea pedis, or athlete’s foot, may be as high as 50% to 80% in some populations.50 […] Onychomycosis has an estimated prevalence of 6% to 14% in the general population and is more common in persons with tinea pedis.51,52
- #9 Painful Foot: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctorhttps://patient.info/doctor/painful-foot
Painful feet are a very common problem. One cross-sectional postal survey reported a 9.4% prevalence of disabling foot conditions. […] Risk factors for foot pain include advancing age, obesity, injudicious footwear, high-impact exercise (eg, jogging) and underlying medical conditions (see under 'Aetiology’ section).
- #10 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Surveyhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098653/
The high prevalence of foot pain, comorbidity and multi-morbidity in this sample may also be explained by the student recruitment profile of GCU and the demographic characteristics of its students. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese (see Fig. 3) and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain (p0.05). […] The presence of self-reported bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe pain, and was significantly more prevalent in women, which was in agreement with previous studies.
- #11 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Surveyhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098653/
The high prevalence of foot pain, comorbidity and multi-morbidity in this sample may also be explained by the student recruitment profile of GCU and the demographic characteristics of its students. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese (see Fig. 3) and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain (p0.05). […] The presence of self-reported bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe pain, and was significantly more prevalent in women, which was in agreement with previous studies.
- #12 Foot Pain Conditions, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_foot-pain-causes.asp
Pain at the top of the forefoot over the big toe is often caused by hallux rigidus, arthritis of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the big toe. This condition is different from bunions and gout, which can affect the same area. […] Stress fracture of one or more metatarsal bones: Tiny cracks in the bone that are typically the result of overuse or repetitive force, often from high-impact activities like running or jumping. However, they can also occur due to normal use of a bone that’s weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis. The pain from a stress fracture usually starts off as barely noticeable, but it tends to worsen over time, particularly during or after weight-bearing activity. Other symptoms may include swelling on the top of the foot or the outside of the ankle, tenderness to touch, and increased pain during activities and decreased pain during rest.
- #13 Foot pain: A look at why your feet might hurt – Harvard Healthhttps://www.health.harvard.edu/digital_first_content/foot-pain-a-look-at-why-your-feet-might-hurt
Pain on the top of the foot is often due to overuse or injury. The tendons, muscles, and bones in this area can be affected. Two common overuse injuries that affect the top of the foot are: […] The tendons that run along the top of the foot can become inflamed due to overuse, leading to pain and swelling on the top of the midfoot. This is common in people who engage in activities or jobs that involve repetitive movements, such as running, dancing, or climbing stairs or ladders. […] Just like in the ball of the foot, stress fractures can also develop in the bones on the top of the foot. This typically results from repetitive activities, such as running or jumping. However, in older adults, especially women, the risk of stress fractures increases due to decreased bone density. In these cases, stress fractures can occur even during regular daily activities such as walking.
- #14 Foot pain: A look at why your feet might hurt – Harvard Healthhttps://www.health.harvard.edu/digital_first_content/foot-pain-a-look-at-why-your-feet-might-hurt
Pain on the top of the foot is often due to overuse or injury. The tendons, muscles, and bones in this area can be affected. Two common overuse injuries that affect the top of the foot are: […] The tendons that run along the top of the foot can become inflamed due to overuse, leading to pain and swelling on the top of the midfoot. This is common in people who engage in activities or jobs that involve repetitive movements, such as running, dancing, or climbing stairs or ladders. […] Just like in the ball of the foot, stress fractures can also develop in the bones on the top of the foot. This typically results from repetitive activities, such as running or jumping. However, in older adults, especially women, the risk of stress fractures increases due to decreased bone density. In these cases, stress fractures can occur even during regular daily activities such as walking.
- #15 Foot pain: A look at why your feet might hurt – Harvard Healthhttps://www.health.harvard.edu/digital_first_content/foot-pain-a-look-at-why-your-feet-might-hurt
Pain on the top of the foot is often due to overuse or injury. The tendons, muscles, and bones in this area can be affected. Two common overuse injuries that affect the top of the foot are: […] The tendons that run along the top of the foot can become inflamed due to overuse, leading to pain and swelling on the top of the midfoot. This is common in people who engage in activities or jobs that involve repetitive movements, such as running, dancing, or climbing stairs or ladders. […] Just like in the ball of the foot, stress fractures can also develop in the bones on the top of the foot. This typically results from repetitive activities, such as running or jumping. However, in older adults, especially women, the risk of stress fractures increases due to decreased bone density. In these cases, stress fractures can occur even during regular daily activities such as walking.
- #16 Foot Pain Conditions, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_foot-pain-causes.asp
Pain at the top of the foot near the ankle may be due to a stress fracture of the navicular bone. This is caused by repetitive force and is more commonly seen in athletes like basketball players and gymnasts. […] Pain at the top of the foot after an injury to the foot may be a Lisfranc injury, which is disruption of a strong ligament in the middle of the foot that holds up the arch. […] Pain at the top of the middle of the foot can be caused by arthritis in the small bones of the midfoot. Arthritis is the loss of cartilage in a joint and is typically due to wear and tear over time. The pain may be exacerbated when tying shoes too tightly. […] Similar to midfoot arthritis, pain on the top of the midfoot may be due to tendonitis of the anterior tibial tendon. This is typically an overuse injury of the tendon that helps you dorsiflex (bring the foot up off the ground).
- #17 Foot Pain Conditions, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_foot-pain-causes.asp
Pain at the top of the foot near the ankle may be due to a stress fracture of the navicular bone. This is caused by repetitive force and is more commonly seen in athletes like basketball players and gymnasts. […] Pain at the top of the foot after an injury to the foot may be a Lisfranc injury, which is disruption of a strong ligament in the middle of the foot that holds up the arch. […] Pain at the top of the middle of the foot can be caused by arthritis in the small bones of the midfoot. Arthritis is the loss of cartilage in a joint and is typically due to wear and tear over time. The pain may be exacerbated when tying shoes too tightly. […] Similar to midfoot arthritis, pain on the top of the midfoot may be due to tendonitis of the anterior tibial tendon. This is typically an overuse injury of the tendon that helps you dorsiflex (bring the foot up off the ground).
- #18 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Foot pain reportedly affects 30% of the general population.1 In addition to causing pain and inconvenience, some foot problems are associated with disability and fall-related morbidity.2 Many common foot ailments do not require podiatry referral or complex interventions and are best managed with appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and home care, with careful guidance from the family physician. […] Each year, more than 800,000 Americans younger than 65 years seek outpatient treatment of plantar fasciitis.3 In 80% of plantar fasciitis cases, symptoms resolve with OTC and home therapies alone, most often within six months of commencing treatment.4 Those who seek care within 12 months of onset are more likely to have resolution of symptoms.4 […] Hallux rigidus is common, affecting more than 40% of men and 50% of women by their early 70s. Significant hallux rigidus will develop in 20% of persons by their early 40s.21
- #19 Foot Pain Conditions, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_foot-pain-causes.asp
Pain at the top of the foot near the ankle may be due to a stress fracture of the navicular bone. This is caused by repetitive force and is more commonly seen in athletes like basketball players and gymnasts. […] Pain at the top of the foot after an injury to the foot may be a Lisfranc injury, which is disruption of a strong ligament in the middle of the foot that holds up the arch. […] Pain at the top of the middle of the foot can be caused by arthritis in the small bones of the midfoot. Arthritis is the loss of cartilage in a joint and is typically due to wear and tear over time. The pain may be exacerbated when tying shoes too tightly. […] Similar to midfoot arthritis, pain on the top of the midfoot may be due to tendonitis of the anterior tibial tendon. This is typically an overuse injury of the tendon that helps you dorsiflex (bring the foot up off the ground).
- #20 The prevalence and impact of self-reported foot and ankle pain in the over 55 age group: a secondary data analysis from a large community sample | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Texthttps://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-019-0363-9
The prevalence of self-reported foot and ankle joint pain was substantial: 184.33 per 1000, second only to knee problems. […] Foot pain is now known to be highly prevalent in older adults in the general community, and more common in females. […] The burden on health services is high, with foot and ankle complaints accounting for between 3 and 8% of UK primary care musculoskeletal consultations. […] The prevalence of foot and ankle problems was 184.33 per thousand, with a greater number of women and older people reporting foot problems which is consistent with other studies. […] Importantly, foot and ankle joint pain was the third most common site of self-reported joint pain, behind only knee and wrist/hand pain. […] Isolated foot related pain was relatively uncommon, with only 1 in 38 of those with foot pain having foot pain alone.
- #21 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Surveyhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098653/
The high prevalence of foot pain, comorbidity and multi-morbidity in this sample may also be explained by the student recruitment profile of GCU and the demographic characteristics of its students. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese (see Fig. 3) and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain (p0.05). […] The presence of self-reported bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe pain, and was significantly more prevalent in women, which was in agreement with previous studies.
- #22 Foot Pain and Lesions in Systemic Sclerosis: Prevalence and Association with Organ Involvementhttps://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jrdt/journal-of-rheumatic-diseases-and-treatment-jrdt-5-076.php?jid=jrdt
Our goal was to evaluate prevalence of foot pain and lesions in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and their association with other organ involvements. […] Of all patients, 119 (89%) were women with a mean age +Standard Deviation (SD) of 39.3 + 13.1 years, 32 (24.1%) patients had foot pain, and 40.6% were classified as having diffuse cutaneous SSc. […] Foot pain and lesion are common in Scleroderma patients, the diffuse subtype of the diseases, foot’s Raynaud’s, calcinosis, and telangiectasia were independently associated factors with foot lesion. […] The current cross-sectional study demonstrated that foot pain is a prevalent clinical symptom of SSc. […] Foot problems are very prevalent and should be considered as part of routine clinical management of SSc.
- #23 The prevalence and impact of self-reported foot and ankle pain in the over 55 age group: a secondary data analysis from a large community sample | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Texthttps://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-019-0363-9
The prevalence of self-reported foot and ankle joint pain was substantial: 184.33 per 1000, second only to knee problems. […] Foot pain is now known to be highly prevalent in older adults in the general community, and more common in females. […] The burden on health services is high, with foot and ankle complaints accounting for between 3 and 8% of UK primary care musculoskeletal consultations. […] The prevalence of foot and ankle problems was 184.33 per thousand, with a greater number of women and older people reporting foot problems which is consistent with other studies. […] Importantly, foot and ankle joint pain was the third most common site of self-reported joint pain, behind only knee and wrist/hand pain. […] Isolated foot related pain was relatively uncommon, with only 1 in 38 of those with foot pain having foot pain alone.
- #24 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazinehttps://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an important public health disorder as it is the most common cause of heel pain in the outpatient setting. Ten percent of people in the United States may present with heel pain over the course of their lives, with 83% of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years old. Two large national data sets of ambulatory care data (excluding visits to podiatrists or federal, military, or Veterans Administrations facilities) from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Health Statistics found that plantar fasciitis accounts for an average of one million patient visits per year to medical doctors. Sixty-two percent of these visits were made to general medicine clinics, while 31% of patients were evaluated by orthopaedic or general surgeons. Additionally, a recent survey of members of the American Podiatric Medical Association revealed that plantar fasciitis/heel pain was the most prevalent condition being treated in podiatric clinics. Within the current literature, prevalence rates of plantar fasciitis among a population of runners have been shown to be between 4% and 22%.
- #25 The prevalence and impact of self-reported foot and ankle pain in the over 55 age group: a secondary data analysis from a large community sample | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Texthttps://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-019-0363-9
The current results and those of Finney et al. indicate that specific health care attention should be paid to foot and ankle complaints in addition to other more commonly reported joint problems. […] Foot and ankle joint pain are common, and contribute to functional impairment and commonly occur with other sites of joint pain.
- #26 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazinehttps://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an important public health disorder as it is the most common cause of heel pain in the outpatient setting. Ten percent of people in the United States may present with heel pain over the course of their lives, with 83% of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years old. Two large national data sets of ambulatory care data (excluding visits to podiatrists or federal, military, or Veterans Administrations facilities) from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Health Statistics found that plantar fasciitis accounts for an average of one million patient visits per year to medical doctors. Sixty-two percent of these visits were made to general medicine clinics, while 31% of patients were evaluated by orthopaedic or general surgeons. Additionally, a recent survey of members of the American Podiatric Medical Association revealed that plantar fasciitis/heel pain was the most prevalent condition being treated in podiatric clinics. Within the current literature, prevalence rates of plantar fasciitis among a population of runners have been shown to be between 4% and 22%.
- #27 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohortshttps://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
- #28 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Surveyhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098653/
Moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university-educated population and was independently associated with female gender, high body mass index, bunions, back pain, hip pain and lower occupational class. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain affected 236/593 respondents (39.8%). […] The presence of moderate-to-severe foot pain was associated with worse scores for foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain was significantly and independently associated lower foot function, foot health and health-related quality of life scores following adjustment for age, gender and body mass index (p0.05). […] The results of this survey demonstrate that moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university educated population of adults, affecting approximately 40% of respondents, and was associated with poorer foot health and reduced HRQoL.
- #29 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohortshttps://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
- #30 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohortshttps://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
- #31 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazinehttps://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an important public health disorder as it is the most common cause of heel pain in the outpatient setting. Ten percent of people in the United States may present with heel pain over the course of their lives, with 83% of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years old. Two large national data sets of ambulatory care data (excluding visits to podiatrists or federal, military, or Veterans Administrations facilities) from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Health Statistics found that plantar fasciitis accounts for an average of one million patient visits per year to medical doctors. Sixty-two percent of these visits were made to general medicine clinics, while 31% of patients were evaluated by orthopaedic or general surgeons. Additionally, a recent survey of members of the American Podiatric Medical Association revealed that plantar fasciitis/heel pain was the most prevalent condition being treated in podiatric clinics. Within the current literature, prevalence rates of plantar fasciitis among a population of runners have been shown to be between 4% and 22%.
- #32 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazinehttps://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
The overall incidence of plantar fasciitis in the military population was 10.55 per 1,000 person-years. Female sex; black race; junior enlisted, senior enlisted and senior officer rank groups; military service in the Army or Marines; and age greater than 24 years old were found to be significant risk factors for the development of incident plantar fasciitis when compared to male sex, white race, junior officers rank, service in the Air Force, and age 20 to 24, respectively. Female subjects, when compared with male subjects, had a significantly increased incidence rate ratio for plantar fasciitis of 1.95 (95% CI 1.93-1.98). These findings are based on incidence rates, but tend to correlate with prevalence data seen within the existing literature.
- #33 Foot Pain and Lesions in Systemic Sclerosis: Prevalence and Association with Organ Involvementhttps://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jrdt/journal-of-rheumatic-diseases-and-treatment-jrdt-5-076.php?jid=jrdt
Our goal was to evaluate prevalence of foot pain and lesions in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and their association with other organ involvements. […] Of all patients, 119 (89%) were women with a mean age +Standard Deviation (SD) of 39.3 + 13.1 years, 32 (24.1%) patients had foot pain, and 40.6% were classified as having diffuse cutaneous SSc. […] Foot pain and lesion are common in Scleroderma patients, the diffuse subtype of the diseases, foot’s Raynaud’s, calcinosis, and telangiectasia were independently associated factors with foot lesion. […] The current cross-sectional study demonstrated that foot pain is a prevalent clinical symptom of SSc. […] Foot problems are very prevalent and should be considered as part of routine clinical management of SSc.
- #34 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazinehttps://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
The overall incidence of plantar fasciitis in the military population was 10.55 per 1,000 person-years. Female sex; black race; junior enlisted, senior enlisted and senior officer rank groups; military service in the Army or Marines; and age greater than 24 years old were found to be significant risk factors for the development of incident plantar fasciitis when compared to male sex, white race, junior officers rank, service in the Air Force, and age 20 to 24, respectively. Female subjects, when compared with male subjects, had a significantly increased incidence rate ratio for plantar fasciitis of 1.95 (95% CI 1.93-1.98). These findings are based on incidence rates, but tend to correlate with prevalence data seen within the existing literature.
- #35 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Surveyhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6098653/
Moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university-educated population and was independently associated with female gender, high body mass index, bunions, back pain, hip pain and lower occupational class. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain affected 236/593 respondents (39.8%). […] The presence of moderate-to-severe foot pain was associated with worse scores for foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain was significantly and independently associated lower foot function, foot health and health-related quality of life scores following adjustment for age, gender and body mass index (p0.05). […] The results of this survey demonstrate that moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university educated population of adults, affecting approximately 40% of respondents, and was associated with poorer foot health and reduced HRQoL.
- #36 The prevalence and impact of self-reported foot and ankle pain in the over 55 age group: a secondary data analysis from a large community sample | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Texthttps://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-019-0363-9
The current results and those of Finney et al. indicate that specific health care attention should be paid to foot and ankle complaints in addition to other more commonly reported joint problems. […] Foot and ankle joint pain are common, and contribute to functional impairment and commonly occur with other sites of joint pain.
- #37 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazinehttps://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an important public health disorder as it is the most common cause of heel pain in the outpatient setting. Ten percent of people in the United States may present with heel pain over the course of their lives, with 83% of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years old. Two large national data sets of ambulatory care data (excluding visits to podiatrists or federal, military, or Veterans Administrations facilities) from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Health Statistics found that plantar fasciitis accounts for an average of one million patient visits per year to medical doctors. Sixty-two percent of these visits were made to general medicine clinics, while 31% of patients were evaluated by orthopaedic or general surgeons. Additionally, a recent survey of members of the American Podiatric Medical Association revealed that plantar fasciitis/heel pain was the most prevalent condition being treated in podiatric clinics. Within the current literature, prevalence rates of plantar fasciitis among a population of runners have been shown to be between 4% and 22%.
- #38 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazinehttps://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an important public health disorder as it is the most common cause of heel pain in the outpatient setting. Ten percent of people in the United States may present with heel pain over the course of their lives, with 83% of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years old. Two large national data sets of ambulatory care data (excluding visits to podiatrists or federal, military, or Veterans Administrations facilities) from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Health Statistics found that plantar fasciitis accounts for an average of one million patient visits per year to medical doctors. Sixty-two percent of these visits were made to general medicine clinics, while 31% of patients were evaluated by orthopaedic or general surgeons. Additionally, a recent survey of members of the American Podiatric Medical Association revealed that plantar fasciitis/heel pain was the most prevalent condition being treated in podiatric clinics. Within the current literature, prevalence rates of plantar fasciitis among a population of runners have been shown to be between 4% and 22%.
- #39 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Foot pain reportedly affects 30% of the general population.1 In addition to causing pain and inconvenience, some foot problems are associated with disability and fall-related morbidity.2 Many common foot ailments do not require podiatry referral or complex interventions and are best managed with appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and home care, with careful guidance from the family physician. […] Each year, more than 800,000 Americans younger than 65 years seek outpatient treatment of plantar fasciitis.3 In 80% of plantar fasciitis cases, symptoms resolve with OTC and home therapies alone, most often within six months of commencing treatment.4 Those who seek care within 12 months of onset are more likely to have resolution of symptoms.4 […] Hallux rigidus is common, affecting more than 40% of men and 50% of women by their early 70s. Significant hallux rigidus will develop in 20% of persons by their early 40s.21
- #40 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Foot pain reportedly affects 30% of the general population.1 In addition to causing pain and inconvenience, some foot problems are associated with disability and fall-related morbidity.2 Many common foot ailments do not require podiatry referral or complex interventions and are best managed with appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and home care, with careful guidance from the family physician. […] Each year, more than 800,000 Americans younger than 65 years seek outpatient treatment of plantar fasciitis.3 In 80% of plantar fasciitis cases, symptoms resolve with OTC and home therapies alone, most often within six months of commencing treatment.4 Those who seek care within 12 months of onset are more likely to have resolution of symptoms.4 […] Hallux rigidus is common, affecting more than 40% of men and 50% of women by their early 70s. Significant hallux rigidus will develop in 20% of persons by their early 40s.21
- #41 The prevalence and impact of self-reported foot and ankle pain in the over 55 age group: a secondary data analysis from a large community sample | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Texthttps://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-019-0363-9
The current results and those of Finney et al. indicate that specific health care attention should be paid to foot and ankle complaints in addition to other more commonly reported joint problems. […] Foot and ankle joint pain are common, and contribute to functional impairment and commonly occur with other sites of joint pain.
- #42 Foot Pain and Lesions in Systemic Sclerosis: Prevalence and Association with Organ Involvementhttps://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jrdt/journal-of-rheumatic-diseases-and-treatment-jrdt-5-076.php?jid=jrdt
Our goal was to evaluate prevalence of foot pain and lesions in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and their association with other organ involvements. […] Of all patients, 119 (89%) were women with a mean age +Standard Deviation (SD) of 39.3 + 13.1 years, 32 (24.1%) patients had foot pain, and 40.6% were classified as having diffuse cutaneous SSc. […] Foot pain and lesion are common in Scleroderma patients, the diffuse subtype of the diseases, foot’s Raynaud’s, calcinosis, and telangiectasia were independently associated factors with foot lesion. […] The current cross-sectional study demonstrated that foot pain is a prevalent clinical symptom of SSc. […] Foot problems are very prevalent and should be considered as part of routine clinical management of SSc.