Zaćma
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Zaćma stanowi główną przyczynę ślepoty (51%) i drugą najczęstszą przyczynę zaburzeń widzenia (33%) globalnie, szczególnie dotykając osoby starsze. Leczenie chirurgiczne, głównie poprzez wszczepienie soczewki wewnątrzgałkowej (IOL), jest jedyną skuteczną metodą przywracania widzenia, z około 90% pacjentów osiągających poprawę ostrości wzroku i ponad 95% satysfakcji u osób bez innych schorzeń oczu. Najlepsza skorygowana ostrość wzroku (BCVA) po operacji wynosi ≥6/12 u 95% pacjentów bez współistniejących chorób oczu. Czynniki predykcyjne złych wyników wzrokowych obejmują choroby siatkówki (aOR 50,92), jaskrę (aOR 13,75), blizny rogówki (aOR 23,55), keratopatię prążkową (aOR 16,59) oraz inne schorzenia oczu (aOR 12,14). Dodatkowo, wiek podeszły, technika chirurgiczna, doświadczenie chirurga, powikłania śród- i pooperacyjne oraz obecność cukrzycy i retinopatii cukrzycowej wpływają na rokowanie. Metody przewidywania pooperacyjnej ostrości wzroku, takie jak krytyczna częstotliwość migotania (CFF), wykazują większą wartość prognostyczną niż Potential Acuity Meter (PAM) czy Visometer.

Rokowanie w zaćmie u dorosłych

Zaćma jest wiodącą przyczyną ślepoty i drugą najczęstszą przyczyną zaburzeń widzenia na świecie, odpowiadając odpowiednio za 51% i 33% wszystkich przypadków 1. Jako choroba, która dotyczy głównie osób starszych, zaćma postępuje w sposób zmienny i trudny do przewidzenia. Bez leczenia chirurgicznego, większość pacjentów z zaćmą rozwinie poważne upośledzenie widzenia 23. Leczenie chirurgiczne pozostaje jedynym skutecznym podejściem do przywrócenia widzenia 4.

Prognoza pooperacyjna

Liczne badania dokumentują korzystne wyniki po operacji zaćmy, zarówno pod względem ostrości wzroku, jak i poprawy jakości życia. Około 90% pacjentów, którzy otrzymują wszczep soczewki wewnątrzgałkowej (IOL), osiąga lepszą ostrość wzroku i jest zadowolonych z wyniku operacji. Poziom satysfakcji wzrasta do ponad 95% u pacjentów, którzy przed operacją nie mieli innych problemów z oczami poza samą zaćmą 5. Badania szwedzkie wykazały, że 84% pacjentów doświadczyło ogólnej korzyści z operacji, 7% nie zgłosiło zmian, a 9% zgłosiło zwiększone trudności w wykonywaniu codziennych czynności 6.

Przy zastosowaniu współczesnych technik chirurgicznych, 95% osób osiągnie najlepszą skorygowaną ostrość wzroku 6/12 lub lepszą, jeśli nie występują inne schorzenia oka 7. W badaniu przeprowadzonym w Bhutanie wykazano, że po 6 tygodniach od operacji metodą małego cięcia (SICS), 90,65% pacjentów osiągnęło dobry wynik wzrokowy, a jedynie 8,06% miało zły wynik wzrokowy, co nieznacznie przekraczało zalecenia WHO (5%) 8. Warto zauważyć, że 91,94% operowanych oczu miało najlepszą skorygowaną ostrość wzroku większą niż 6/60 9.

Czynniki wpływające na wynik wzrokowy

Najważniejszym czynnikiem predykcyjnym złego subiektywnego wyniku jest przedoperacyjna współistniejąca choroba oczu istotnie wpływająca na widzenie 10. Analiza wieloczynnikowej regresji logistycznej wykazała, że pacjenci z przedoperacyjnymi schorzeniami współistniejącymi oczu (OR 50,92; 95% CI 10,23, 253,37) oraz ci z powikłaniami operacyjnymi (OR 16,59; 95% CI 3,54, 77,70) byli znacząco związani ze złym wynikiem wzrokowym 11.

Szczegółowe analizy wskazują, że zły wynik wzrokowy był istotnie związany z następującymi czynnikami:

  • Choroby siatkówki (aOR 50,92; 95% CI: 10,23, 253,37)
  • Jaskra (aOR 13,75; 95% CI: 1,26, 150,06)
  • Blizny rogówki (aOR 23,55; 95% CI: 3,01, 184,02)
  • Keratopatia prążkowata (aOR 16,59: 95% CI 3,54, 77,70)
  • Inne schorzenia oka (aOR 12,14; 95% CI: 2,36, 62,33)

12

Dodatkowo zidentyfikowano inne czynniki wpływające na słaby wynik wzrokowy po operacji zaćmy: podeszły wiek, stosowane techniki chirurgiczne oparte na nacięciu, doświadczenie chirurga, obecność powikłań śródoperacyjnych oraz pooperacyjny stan zapalny wewnątrzgałkowy 13. Znaczącym czynnikiem ryzyka wpływającym na rokowanie jest również obecność cukrzycy i retinopatii cukrzycowej 14.

Zarówno konwencjonalna chirurgia zaćmy (CCS), jak i chirurgia zaćmy wspomagana laserem femtosekundowym (FLACS) są bezpiecznymi i skutecznymi procedurami 15. Bezpośrednia sekwencyjna obustronna operacja zaćmy (ISBCS) jest również skuteczna i bezpieczna, charakteryzuje się wysokim stopniem zadowolenia pacjentów i może być rozważana u pacjentów bez chorób współistniejących indukujących powikłania 16.

Powikłania pooperacyjne wpływające na rokowanie

W miesiącach lub latach po operacji, tylna torebka soczewki, czyli błona stanowiąca podporę na tylnej powierzchni soczewki wewnątrzgałkowej, może ulec pogrubieniu lub zmętnieniu. Jest to tzw. zaćma wtórna (zmętnienie torebki tylnej). Jest to najczęstsze powikłanie pooperacyjne i powoduje postępującą utratę widzenia u 10% pacjentów w ciągu 2 lat od operacji zaćmy 17.

Częstość występowania klinicznie istotnego torbielowatego obrzęku plamki (CME) po operacji zaćmy wynosi do 2% 18. Główne opcje leczenia CME po operacji zaćmy to miejscowe niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne (NLPZ) lub sterydy 19.

Ryzyko życiowe poważnych powikłań wynosi 1 na 150 pacjentów poddawanych operacji zaćmy, choć jest to częstsze w przypadkach wysokiej krótkowzroczności lub zabiegów, w których wystąpiły powikłania śródoperacyjne, takie jak pęknięcie torebki tylnej i utrata ciała szklistego 20.

Metody przewidywania wyników pooperacyjnych

Wyniki wzrokowe oka są ogólnie rozpatrywane pod względem ostrości, czułości na kontrast, niepełnosprawności związanej z olśnieniem, pól widzenia i widzenia barwnego. Wyniki operacji zaćmy były głównie oceniane pod kątem samej ostrości 21.

Badania oceniające metody przewidywania potencjalnej ostrości wzroku (PVT) dają różne wyniki. Krytyczna częstotliwość migotania (CFF) wydaje się być najbardziej obiecującym testem, szczególnie w przypadku gęstej zaćmy 22. Badania wykazały, że pomiar CFF jest w dużej mierze niezależny od obecności lub braku zaćmy 23.

Natomiast testy takie jak Potential Acuity Meter (PAM) i Visometer wydają się mieć ograniczoną wartość kliniczną w przewidywaniu pooperacyjnej ostrości wzroku, szczególnie przy gęstych zmętnieniach 24. Badania wykazały, że ani przewidywania PAM, ani Visometer nie były statystycznie istotnymi predyktorami pooperacyjnej najlepszej skorygowanej ostrości wzroku (BCVA) 25. W konsekwencji, zastosowanie PAM lub Visometer w przedoperacyjnej ocenie zaćmy nie zapewnia klinicznie użytecznej prognozy pooperacyjnej najlepszej skorygowanej ostrości wzroku 26.

Innym podejściem jest opracowanie matematycznych modeli predykcyjnych. Zaproponowano system punktacji przedoperacyjnej dla zaćm ze współistniejącymi chorobami, który może być przydatnym narzędziem do przewidywania wyniku wzrokowego i uniwersalizacji dla porównania 27. Model ten został zwalidowany przez wieloośrodkowe badanie indyjskie do stratyfikacji zaćm przedoperacyjnie 28.

Czynniki wpływające na długość hospitalizacji

Główne czynniki wpływające na długość pobytu pacjenta w szpitalu po zabiegu chirurgicznym zaćmy to: wiek pacjenta, jego status finansowy oraz liczba współistniejących chorób somatycznych i chorób oczu 29. Czynniki te są najważniejszymi wskaźnikami informacyjnymi dla leczenia szpitalnego pacjentów z zaćmą po operacji 30.

Oczekiwania pacjentów a wyniki

Pacjenci mogą być rozczarowani, gdy odkryją, że potrzebują okularów do widzenia na odległość po operacji zaćmy, gdy nie potrzebowali ich przed operacją 31. Nowsze badania analizujące subiektywne wyniki pokazują, że pacjenci mogą uznać operację za nieudaną pomimo poprawy ostrości wzroku, jeśli na przykład występuje anizometropia lub zakłócenia z drugiego oka 32.

Wybór określonego docelowego załamania światła jest w dużej mierze zależny od wybranej soczewki IOL oraz oczekiwań i preferencji pacjenta 33. Dobór pacjentów do pseudofakijnych soczewek IOL korygujących prezbiopię powinien opierać się na obecności chorób współistniejących oka, chęci niezależności od okularów oraz realistycznych oczekiwaniach pacjenta 34.

Zalecenia pooperacyjne

Po operacji należy wziąć pod uwagę następujące środki ostrożności: pacjent powinien stosować krople do oczu zgodnie z zaleceniami i szukać pomocy, jeśli widzenie pogorszyło się po wcześniejszej poprawie, nagle pojawiły się czarne kropki, błyski światła, zwiększył się ból lub zaczerwienienie operowanego oka 35.

Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, operacja zaćmy jest procedurą o wysokim profilu bezpieczeństwa i niskiej częstości powikłań 36. Przy braku jakiejkolwiek innej towarzyszącej choroby oka przed operacją, która znacząco wpłynęłaby na wynik wzrokowy (np. zwyrodnienie plamki lub zanik nerwu wzrokowego), udana niepowikłana standardowa operacja niesie bardzo obiecującą prognozę wzrokową, z co najmniej 2-liniowym zyskiem w tabeli odległości wzroku Snellena 37.

Kolejne rozdziały

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 18.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Cataract surgery visual outcome and associated factors | OPTH
    https://www.dovepress.com/cataract-surgery-visual-outcome-and-associated-factors-among-adults-at-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH
    Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and the second leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, accounting for 51% and 33% of all cases, respectively. […] The visual outcome following cataract surgery fall below WHO recommendation. In this study, age, ocular co-morbidities, surgical method, surgeon status, intraoperative complication, SK, and ocular inflammation associated with post-operative Uveitis and anterior chamber reaction were associated with a poor visual outcome. […] Three-fifths of the patients had poor outcomes after cataract surgery. Poor outcome was associated with old age, presence of ocular comorbidity, incision-based surgical techniques, surgeon seniority, presence of intraoperative complication, striate keratopathy, and post-operative intra-ocular inflammation. […] The proportion of poor and good results was lower than the WHO recommendation.
  • #2 Prognosis for Cataracts | Hospital Clínic Barcelona
    https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/cataracts/evolution-of-the-disease
    Cataracts in adults follow a progressive course which is both variable and hard to predict. Without treatment, most patients with cataracts would develop severe visual impairment. […] Many studies have recorded favourable outcomes following cataract surgery, both in terms of visual acuity and improved quality of life. Around 90% of patients who receive an IOL implant have better visual acuity and are satisfied with the outcome of the operation. This level of satisfaction increases to over 95% in patients who do not have any eye problems prior to surgery, other than the cataract itself. […] In short, cataract surgery is a safe and successful procedure in most patients. […] The lifetime risk is 1 in every 150 patients who undergo cataract surgery, although it is more common in cases of high myopia or procedures that experienced perioperative complications such as posterior capsule rupture and loss of vitreous humour.
  • #3 Cataracts and Cataract Surgery (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
    https://patient.info/doctor/cataracts-and-cataract-surgery
    Age-related cataracts are progressive and the progression is variable and unpredictable. Without treatment, most people with a cataract will develop severe visual impairment. […] The visual performance of the eye is generally considered in terms of acuity, contrast sensitivity, glare disability, visual fields and colour vision. Outcomes for cataract surgery have mainly been assessed in terms of acuity only. […] With surgery, 95% of people will have 6/12 best corrected vision if there is nothing else wrong with the eye. […] More recent studies have looked at self-reporting of outcomes and these make it clear that patients may consider surgery unsuccessful in the face of improved visual acuity if, for example, anisometropia or disturbance from the fellow eye results. […] One Swedish analysis showed that 84% of patients experienced an overall benefit from surgery, 7% reported no change and 9% reported increased difficulty with activities of daily living.
  • #4 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment, and surgical intervention remains the exclusive effective approach for vision restoration. […] The prevalence of cataracts increases with age, significantly augmenting its impact on global visual health. […] The patient pathway for cataract management includes diagnostic and therapeutic steps such as screening, patient selection, preoperative diagnostics, treatment strategies, surgery itself and postoperative care. […] The panel agreed on recommendations concerning 31 questions for patient pathway for cataract managements. […] Key recommendations of these guidelines include (according to level of evidence): An intracameral injection should be used (e.g. cefuroxime 1 mg in 0.1 ml.) at the end of the cataract surgery to lower the risk for postoperative endophthalmitis.
  • #5 Prognosis for Cataracts | Hospital Clínic Barcelona
    https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/cataracts/evolution-of-the-disease
    Cataracts in adults follow a progressive course which is both variable and hard to predict. Without treatment, most patients with cataracts would develop severe visual impairment. […] Many studies have recorded favourable outcomes following cataract surgery, both in terms of visual acuity and improved quality of life. Around 90% of patients who receive an IOL implant have better visual acuity and are satisfied with the outcome of the operation. This level of satisfaction increases to over 95% in patients who do not have any eye problems prior to surgery, other than the cataract itself. […] In short, cataract surgery is a safe and successful procedure in most patients. […] The lifetime risk is 1 in every 150 patients who undergo cataract surgery, although it is more common in cases of high myopia or procedures that experienced perioperative complications such as posterior capsule rupture and loss of vitreous humour.
  • #6 Cataracts and Cataract Surgery (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
    https://patient.info/doctor/cataracts-and-cataract-surgery
    Age-related cataracts are progressive and the progression is variable and unpredictable. Without treatment, most people with a cataract will develop severe visual impairment. […] The visual performance of the eye is generally considered in terms of acuity, contrast sensitivity, glare disability, visual fields and colour vision. Outcomes for cataract surgery have mainly been assessed in terms of acuity only. […] With surgery, 95% of people will have 6/12 best corrected vision if there is nothing else wrong with the eye. […] More recent studies have looked at self-reporting of outcomes and these make it clear that patients may consider surgery unsuccessful in the face of improved visual acuity if, for example, anisometropia or disturbance from the fellow eye results. […] One Swedish analysis showed that 84% of patients experienced an overall benefit from surgery, 7% reported no change and 9% reported increased difficulty with activities of daily living.
  • #7 Cataracts and Cataract Surgery (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
    https://patient.info/doctor/cataracts-and-cataract-surgery
    Age-related cataracts are progressive and the progression is variable and unpredictable. Without treatment, most people with a cataract will develop severe visual impairment. […] The visual performance of the eye is generally considered in terms of acuity, contrast sensitivity, glare disability, visual fields and colour vision. Outcomes for cataract surgery have mainly been assessed in terms of acuity only. […] With surgery, 95% of people will have 6/12 best corrected vision if there is nothing else wrong with the eye. […] More recent studies have looked at self-reporting of outcomes and these make it clear that patients may consider surgery unsuccessful in the face of improved visual acuity if, for example, anisometropia or disturbance from the fellow eye results. […] One Swedish analysis showed that 84% of patients experienced an overall benefit from surgery, 7% reported no change and 9% reported increased difficulty with activities of daily living.
  • #8 Visual outcome and associated risk factors in patients following small incision cataract surgery at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan | medRxiv
    https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.24317844v1.full-text
    The second RAAB survey conducted in the country in 2018 found that following SICS, the main cause of poor visual outcome was ocular comorbidities in 43.6%. […] Poor visual outcome was significantly associated with retinal disease (aOR 50.92; 95% CI: 10.23, 253.37), glaucoma (aOR 13.75; 95% CI: 1.26, 150.06), corneal scar (aOR 23.55; 95% CI: 3.01, 184.02), and others (aOR 12.14; 95% CI: 2.36, 62.33). […] The study found a significant association between striate keratopathy and visual outcome (aOR 16.59: 95% CI 3.54, 77.70). […] The study found that a good visual outcome after 6 weeks of SICS was 90.65% (n=281). […] However, poor visual outcome was 8.06% (n=25) 6 weeks post-SICS which was more than the WHO recommendation (5%).
  • #9 Visual outcome and associated risk factors in patients following small incision cataract surgery at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan | medRxiv
    https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.24317844v1.full-text
    Purpose To evaluate small incision cataract surgery visual outcomes and associated risk factors in a tertiary eye care center in Bhutan. […] The mean age of the patients was 68.36 (SD: 12.74 years), and 157 (50.6%) were male. […] 285 (91.94%) of the cataract-operated eyes had best-corrected vision greater than 6/60, while 25 (8.06%) of the eyes had vision less than 6/60. […] At the 6-week follow-up visit, based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 90.65% had a good visual outcome. […] Analysis of multiple logistic regression showed that patients with preoperative ocular comorbidities (OR 50.92; 95% CI 10.23, 253.37) and those with operative complications (OR 16.59; 95% CI 3.54, 77.70) were significantly associated with poor visual outcome. […] This study shows that cataract surgery can restore good visual acuity.
  • #10 Cataracts and Cataract Surgery (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
    https://patient.info/doctor/cataracts-and-cataract-surgery
    Pre-operative visually significant ocular comorbidity was the most important predictor of poor subjective outcome. Older age was not per se. The greatest benefit was seen for second eye surgery in younger patients. […] Patients may be disappointed to find that they require glasses for distant vision after cataract surgery, when they did not require them prior to surgery.
  • #11 Visual outcome and associated risk factors in patients following small incision cataract surgery at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan | medRxiv
    https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.24317844v1.full-text
    Purpose To evaluate small incision cataract surgery visual outcomes and associated risk factors in a tertiary eye care center in Bhutan. […] The mean age of the patients was 68.36 (SD: 12.74 years), and 157 (50.6%) were male. […] 285 (91.94%) of the cataract-operated eyes had best-corrected vision greater than 6/60, while 25 (8.06%) of the eyes had vision less than 6/60. […] At the 6-week follow-up visit, based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 90.65% had a good visual outcome. […] Analysis of multiple logistic regression showed that patients with preoperative ocular comorbidities (OR 50.92; 95% CI 10.23, 253.37) and those with operative complications (OR 16.59; 95% CI 3.54, 77.70) were significantly associated with poor visual outcome. […] This study shows that cataract surgery can restore good visual acuity.
  • #12 Visual outcome and associated risk factors in patients following small incision cataract surgery at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan | medRxiv
    https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.24317844v1.full-text
    The second RAAB survey conducted in the country in 2018 found that following SICS, the main cause of poor visual outcome was ocular comorbidities in 43.6%. […] Poor visual outcome was significantly associated with retinal disease (aOR 50.92; 95% CI: 10.23, 253.37), glaucoma (aOR 13.75; 95% CI: 1.26, 150.06), corneal scar (aOR 23.55; 95% CI: 3.01, 184.02), and others (aOR 12.14; 95% CI: 2.36, 62.33). […] The study found a significant association between striate keratopathy and visual outcome (aOR 16.59: 95% CI 3.54, 77.70). […] The study found that a good visual outcome after 6 weeks of SICS was 90.65% (n=281). […] However, poor visual outcome was 8.06% (n=25) 6 weeks post-SICS which was more than the WHO recommendation (5%).
  • #13 Cataract surgery visual outcome and associated factors | OPTH
    https://www.dovepress.com/cataract-surgery-visual-outcome-and-associated-factors-among-adults-at-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH
    Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and the second leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, accounting for 51% and 33% of all cases, respectively. […] The visual outcome following cataract surgery fall below WHO recommendation. In this study, age, ocular co-morbidities, surgical method, surgeon status, intraoperative complication, SK, and ocular inflammation associated with post-operative Uveitis and anterior chamber reaction were associated with a poor visual outcome. […] Three-fifths of the patients had poor outcomes after cataract surgery. Poor outcome was associated with old age, presence of ocular comorbidity, incision-based surgical techniques, surgeon seniority, presence of intraoperative complication, striate keratopathy, and post-operative intra-ocular inflammation. […] The proportion of poor and good results was lower than the WHO recommendation.
  • #14 Senile Cataract (Age-Related Cataract): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1210914-overview
    In the absence of any other accompanying ocular disease prior to surgery that would affect significantly the visual outcome (eg macular degeneration or optic nerve atrophy), a successful uncomplicated standard ECCE or phacoemulsification carries a very promising visual prognosis of gaining at least 2 lines in the Snellen distance vision chart. […] A major risk factor affecting visual prognosis is the presence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy.
  • #15 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    The selection of a specific target refraction highly depends on the selected IOL, expectations and preferences of the patient. […] The primary treatment options for CME after cataract surgery are topical NSAIDs or steroids. […] Both conventional cataract surgery (CCS) and femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can be used as they are both safe and effective procedures. […] ISBCS (Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery) is effective and safe, has a high degree of patient satisfaction and can be considered in patients without complication-inducing ocular comorbidities. […] Patient selection for pseudophakic presbyopia correcting IOLs should be based on the presence of ocular comorbidities, the desire for spectacle independence, and realistic patient expectations.
  • #16 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    The selection of a specific target refraction highly depends on the selected IOL, expectations and preferences of the patient. […] The primary treatment options for CME after cataract surgery are topical NSAIDs or steroids. […] Both conventional cataract surgery (CCS) and femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can be used as they are both safe and effective procedures. […] ISBCS (Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery) is effective and safe, has a high degree of patient satisfaction and can be considered in patients without complication-inducing ocular comorbidities. […] Patient selection for pseudophakic presbyopia correcting IOLs should be based on the presence of ocular comorbidities, the desire for spectacle independence, and realistic patient expectations.
  • #17 Prognosis for Cataracts | Hospital Clínic Barcelona
    https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/cataracts/evolution-of-the-disease
    In the months or years following surgery, the posterior lens capsule, which is the membrane that provides support at the back of the intraocular lens, may thicken or develop opacity. This is called posterior capsule opacification. It is the most common postoperative complication and causes a progressive loss of vision in 10% of patients within 2 years of undergoing a cataract operation.
  • #18 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    In the case of implantation of a toric IOL the preoperative assessment should encompass not only general mandatory evaluations but also corneal topography and/or tomography. […] Specific IOL formulae are recommended for eyes with certain conditions to ensure accurate outcomes. […] Postoperative remote care after cataract surgery might replace short-term clinical examination to better allocate hospital resources and increase time and cost efficiency. […] The incidence of clinically significant cystoid macular edema (CME) following cataract surgery has been reported to be as high as 2%. […] The following precautions have to be considered after surgery: the patient should take the eye drops as instructed and seek help if vision decreased after prior vision increase, sudden appearance of black dots, flashing lights, increased pain or redness of the operated eye. […] In general, cataract surgery is a procedure with a high safety profile and low incidence of complications.
  • #19 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    The selection of a specific target refraction highly depends on the selected IOL, expectations and preferences of the patient. […] The primary treatment options for CME after cataract surgery are topical NSAIDs or steroids. […] Both conventional cataract surgery (CCS) and femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can be used as they are both safe and effective procedures. […] ISBCS (Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery) is effective and safe, has a high degree of patient satisfaction and can be considered in patients without complication-inducing ocular comorbidities. […] Patient selection for pseudophakic presbyopia correcting IOLs should be based on the presence of ocular comorbidities, the desire for spectacle independence, and realistic patient expectations.
  • #20 Prognosis for Cataracts | Hospital Clínic Barcelona
    https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/cataracts/evolution-of-the-disease
    Cataracts in adults follow a progressive course which is both variable and hard to predict. Without treatment, most patients with cataracts would develop severe visual impairment. […] Many studies have recorded favourable outcomes following cataract surgery, both in terms of visual acuity and improved quality of life. Around 90% of patients who receive an IOL implant have better visual acuity and are satisfied with the outcome of the operation. This level of satisfaction increases to over 95% in patients who do not have any eye problems prior to surgery, other than the cataract itself. […] In short, cataract surgery is a safe and successful procedure in most patients. […] The lifetime risk is 1 in every 150 patients who undergo cataract surgery, although it is more common in cases of high myopia or procedures that experienced perioperative complications such as posterior capsule rupture and loss of vitreous humour.
  • #21 Cataracts and Cataract Surgery (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
    https://patient.info/doctor/cataracts-and-cataract-surgery
    Age-related cataracts are progressive and the progression is variable and unpredictable. Without treatment, most people with a cataract will develop severe visual impairment. […] The visual performance of the eye is generally considered in terms of acuity, contrast sensitivity, glare disability, visual fields and colour vision. Outcomes for cataract surgery have mainly been assessed in terms of acuity only. […] With surgery, 95% of people will have 6/12 best corrected vision if there is nothing else wrong with the eye. […] More recent studies have looked at self-reporting of outcomes and these make it clear that patients may consider surgery unsuccessful in the face of improved visual acuity if, for example, anisometropia or disturbance from the fellow eye results. […] One Swedish analysis showed that 84% of patients experienced an overall benefit from surgery, 7% reported no change and 9% reported increased difficulty with activities of daily living.
  • #22 Predictions of postoperative visual outcome in subjects with cataract: a preoperative and postoperative study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1954778/
    To assess the ability of critical flicker frequency (CFF) and optimal reading speed (ORS) to predict the potential vision in patients with cataract with and without ocular comorbidity. […] The PAM and the LI showed a limited clinical capability in predicting postoperative visual acuity, particularly with dense opacities. The CFF shows the most promise as a PVT, particularly with dense cataract. […] The critical flicker frequency (CFF) test has been proposed as a PVT, and has been found to produce results that are unaffected by the presence of dense cataract. […] The aim of this investigation is to prospectively investigate the performance of CFF and ORS as PVTs on a group of subjects before and after cataract removal, and to compare them with the performance of the PAM and the LI at the preoperative stage.
  • #23 Predictions of postoperative visual outcome in subjects with cataract: a preoperative and postoperative study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1954778/
    A paired t test performed on groups A1 and A2 combined showed no statistically significant difference between CFF thresholds before (mean (SD) 39.4 (3.2)Hz) and after cataract surgery (39.1 (2.9)Hz; p=0.41), suggesting that the CFF measurement is largely independent of the presence or absence of cataract. […] The mean preoperative predictions were compared with the measured mean postoperative VAs for the cataract only groups in table 2, which indicated that all the PVTs underpredicted the postoperative VA. […] The CFF was the most robust measurement in the presence of cataract. The CFF measurement seemed to give the best prediction of postoperative VA in the presence of cataract, both with and without comorbidity, in this sample of subjects.
  • #24 Predictions of postoperative visual outcome in subjects with cataract: a preoperative and postoperative study
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1954778/
    To assess the ability of critical flicker frequency (CFF) and optimal reading speed (ORS) to predict the potential vision in patients with cataract with and without ocular comorbidity. […] The PAM and the LI showed a limited clinical capability in predicting postoperative visual acuity, particularly with dense opacities. The CFF shows the most promise as a PVT, particularly with dense cataract. […] The critical flicker frequency (CFF) test has been proposed as a PVT, and has been found to produce results that are unaffected by the presence of dense cataract. […] The aim of this investigation is to prospectively investigate the performance of CFF and ORS as PVTs on a group of subjects before and after cataract removal, and to compare them with the performance of the PAM and the LI at the preoperative stage.
  • #25 Comparison of the potential acuity meter and the visometer in cataract patients | Eye
    https://www.nature.com/articles/6702165
    To compare the GuytonMinkowski Potential Acuity Meter (PAM) and the Haag-Streit Lotmar Visometer (Visometer) in their ability to predict postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in cataract surgery. […] Neither the PAM nor the Visometer predictions were statistically significant predictors of postoperative BCVA. […] We found no clinical benefit to support using the PAM or Visometer in the preoperative assessment of cataract patients with no known retinal or optic nerve pathology. […] The accuracy of both the PAM and the Visometer in predicting postoperative visual acuity in a large consecutive series of cataract patients with no known vision loss from pre-existing eye disease has been previously unknown. […] We found a statistically significant correlation between both PAM and Visometer with postoperative BCVA, yet the correlation coefficient was poor and thus clinically (or practically) insignificant.
  • #26 Comparison of the potential acuity meter and the visometer in cataract patients | Eye
    https://www.nature.com/articles/6702165
    PAM and Visometer both have high sensitivity and low specificity for predicting surgical success/failure. […] In our study, both positive and negative likelihood ratios are close to 1.0, making their predictive utility of little clinical value. Therefore, in patients undergoing cataract surgery that has no identified retinal or macular pathology, the PAM and Visometer have little usefulness and are potentially detrimental in the preoperative setting. […] We recommend that these preoperative instruments not be used for this purpose due to cost and the potential for withholding potentially vision-saving treatment from patients who may benefit. In conclusion, the use of the Potential Acuity Meter or Visometer in preoperative cataract assessment does not provide a clinically useful prediction of postoperative best-corrected visual acuity.
  • #27
    https://journals.lww.com/jcor/fulltext/2023/11010/proposed_predictive_score_for_visual_outcome_in.5.aspx
    Cataract with comorbidity having poor prognosis, it is important to predict visual outcome in these eyes. […] Preoperative score for cataracts with comorbidities undergoing small-incision cataract surgery SICS is a very useful tool to predict visual outcome and universalize for comparison. […] The objective is to prognosticate cataracts with comorbidities because of different causes, so outcome may be variable. […] The current study has tried to develop and validate a mathematic model to predict postoperative visual outcomes in the presence of different comorbidities. […] This model has been validated by Agrawal et al. which has been validated by a Indian multicentric trial for stratification of cataracts preoperatively. […] The current study included all clinical conditions which can cause complicated cataracts and developed scoring accordingly. We could compare the categories of preoperative score which can predict visual outcome and found a significant difference (P = 0.037). […] Preoperative score for SICS is a relevant tool to predict outcome in cataracts with comorbidities which will help individualized counseling on the chances of operative complications, meaningful comparisons between national complication rates, and those of individual units or surgeons.
  • #28
    https://journals.lww.com/jcor/fulltext/2023/11010/proposed_predictive_score_for_visual_outcome_in.5.aspx
    Cataract with comorbidity having poor prognosis, it is important to predict visual outcome in these eyes. […] Preoperative score for cataracts with comorbidities undergoing small-incision cataract surgery SICS is a very useful tool to predict visual outcome and universalize for comparison. […] The objective is to prognosticate cataracts with comorbidities because of different causes, so outcome may be variable. […] The current study has tried to develop and validate a mathematic model to predict postoperative visual outcomes in the presence of different comorbidities. […] This model has been validated by Agrawal et al. which has been validated by a Indian multicentric trial for stratification of cataracts preoperatively. […] The current study included all clinical conditions which can cause complicated cataracts and developed scoring accordingly. We could compare the categories of preoperative score which can predict visual outcome and found a significant difference (P = 0.037). […] Preoperative score for SICS is a relevant tool to predict outcome in cataracts with comorbidities which will help individualized counseling on the chances of operative complications, meaningful comparisons between national complication rates, and those of individual units or surgeons.
  • #29
    http://journal.eu-jr.eu/health/article/view/281
    The aim of the paper was to evaluate and determine the duration of the hospital treatment of patients with cataract. […] It has been demonstrated that patients age, his or her financial status, the number of concomitant somatic and eye diseases are the main peculiarities for the prognosis for long-lasting stay at hospital after surgical treatment. […] The most informative indices for hospital treatment of patients with cataract after surgery are patients age, his/her financial status, the number of concomitant somatic and eye diseases.
  • #30
    http://journal.eu-jr.eu/health/article/view/281
    The aim of the paper was to evaluate and determine the duration of the hospital treatment of patients with cataract. […] It has been demonstrated that patients age, his or her financial status, the number of concomitant somatic and eye diseases are the main peculiarities for the prognosis for long-lasting stay at hospital after surgical treatment. […] The most informative indices for hospital treatment of patients with cataract after surgery are patients age, his/her financial status, the number of concomitant somatic and eye diseases.
  • #31 Cataracts and Cataract Surgery (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
    https://patient.info/doctor/cataracts-and-cataract-surgery
    Pre-operative visually significant ocular comorbidity was the most important predictor of poor subjective outcome. Older age was not per se. The greatest benefit was seen for second eye surgery in younger patients. […] Patients may be disappointed to find that they require glasses for distant vision after cataract surgery, when they did not require them prior to surgery.
  • #32 Cataracts and Cataract Surgery (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
    https://patient.info/doctor/cataracts-and-cataract-surgery
    Age-related cataracts are progressive and the progression is variable and unpredictable. Without treatment, most people with a cataract will develop severe visual impairment. […] The visual performance of the eye is generally considered in terms of acuity, contrast sensitivity, glare disability, visual fields and colour vision. Outcomes for cataract surgery have mainly been assessed in terms of acuity only. […] With surgery, 95% of people will have 6/12 best corrected vision if there is nothing else wrong with the eye. […] More recent studies have looked at self-reporting of outcomes and these make it clear that patients may consider surgery unsuccessful in the face of improved visual acuity if, for example, anisometropia or disturbance from the fellow eye results. […] One Swedish analysis showed that 84% of patients experienced an overall benefit from surgery, 7% reported no change and 9% reported increased difficulty with activities of daily living.
  • #33 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    The selection of a specific target refraction highly depends on the selected IOL, expectations and preferences of the patient. […] The primary treatment options for CME after cataract surgery are topical NSAIDs or steroids. […] Both conventional cataract surgery (CCS) and femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can be used as they are both safe and effective procedures. […] ISBCS (Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery) is effective and safe, has a high degree of patient satisfaction and can be considered in patients without complication-inducing ocular comorbidities. […] Patient selection for pseudophakic presbyopia correcting IOLs should be based on the presence of ocular comorbidities, the desire for spectacle independence, and realistic patient expectations.
  • #34 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    The selection of a specific target refraction highly depends on the selected IOL, expectations and preferences of the patient. […] The primary treatment options for CME after cataract surgery are topical NSAIDs or steroids. […] Both conventional cataract surgery (CCS) and femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can be used as they are both safe and effective procedures. […] ISBCS (Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery) is effective and safe, has a high degree of patient satisfaction and can be considered in patients without complication-inducing ocular comorbidities. […] Patient selection for pseudophakic presbyopia correcting IOLs should be based on the presence of ocular comorbidities, the desire for spectacle independence, and realistic patient expectations.
  • #35 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    In the case of implantation of a toric IOL the preoperative assessment should encompass not only general mandatory evaluations but also corneal topography and/or tomography. […] Specific IOL formulae are recommended for eyes with certain conditions to ensure accurate outcomes. […] Postoperative remote care after cataract surgery might replace short-term clinical examination to better allocate hospital resources and increase time and cost efficiency. […] The incidence of clinically significant cystoid macular edema (CME) following cataract surgery has been reported to be as high as 2%. […] The following precautions have to be considered after surgery: the patient should take the eye drops as instructed and seek help if vision decreased after prior vision increase, sudden appearance of black dots, flashing lights, increased pain or redness of the operated eye. […] In general, cataract surgery is a procedure with a high safety profile and low incidence of complications.
  • #36 ESCRS – ESCRS Guideline for Cataract Surgery
    https://www.escrs.org/escrs-guideline-for-cataract-surgery/
    In the case of implantation of a toric IOL the preoperative assessment should encompass not only general mandatory evaluations but also corneal topography and/or tomography. […] Specific IOL formulae are recommended for eyes with certain conditions to ensure accurate outcomes. […] Postoperative remote care after cataract surgery might replace short-term clinical examination to better allocate hospital resources and increase time and cost efficiency. […] The incidence of clinically significant cystoid macular edema (CME) following cataract surgery has been reported to be as high as 2%. […] The following precautions have to be considered after surgery: the patient should take the eye drops as instructed and seek help if vision decreased after prior vision increase, sudden appearance of black dots, flashing lights, increased pain or redness of the operated eye. […] In general, cataract surgery is a procedure with a high safety profile and low incidence of complications.
  • #37 Senile Cataract (Age-Related Cataract): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1210914-overview
    In the absence of any other accompanying ocular disease prior to surgery that would affect significantly the visual outcome (eg macular degeneration or optic nerve atrophy), a successful uncomplicated standard ECCE or phacoemulsification carries a very promising visual prognosis of gaining at least 2 lines in the Snellen distance vision chart. […] A major risk factor affecting visual prognosis is the presence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy.