Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Schizoaffective Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK541012/

  Schizoaffective disorder is one of the most misdiagnosed psychiatric disorders in clinical practice. […] The diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder have been reworded and addended since its inclusion in the DSM, making it difficult to conduct appropriate epidemiological studies subsequently. Thus, there have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology, incidence, or prevalence of schizoaffective disorder. Research shows that 30% of cases occur between the ages of 25 and 35 and occur more frequently in women. […] Schizoaffective disorder occurs about one-third as frequently as schizophrenia, and the lifetime prevalence appears to be around 0.3%. […] Estimates are that schizoaffective disorder comprises 10 to 30% of inpatient admissions for psychosis.

• #2 Schizoaffective Disorder Statistics | Risk Factors and Treatments

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/schizoaffective-disorder/schizoaffective-statistics/

  About 1 in 300 (0.3%) people develop schizoaffective disorder at some point in their lives. […] Some research shows that men and women tend to develop schizoaffective disorder at about the same rates, with no discernible difference in the frequency between genders. There are, however, other research reports that indicate women are more likely to develop schizoaffective disorder. […] The typical schizoaffective disorder diagnosis age tends to be between 16 and 30. […] Schizoaffective disorder is more common in those who have parents or extended family who have had schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. […] According to a study that examined suicide rates in individuals with schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia, 34% reported a history of suicide attempts. […] Schizoaffective disorder treatment involves a mix of therapy and medications. […] One significant study that examined responses treatment by those with schizoaffective disorder found a remission or reduction in symptoms of 54.5% of those who underwent treatment.

• #3 Schizoaffective Disorder – NAMI CaliforniaSite LogoSite Logo

  https://namica.org/illnesses/schizoaffective-disorder/

  Schizoaffective is relatively rare, with a lifetime prevalence of only 0.3%. […] Men and women experience schizoaffective disorder at the same rate, but men often develop the illness at an earlier age.

• #4 Schizoaffective Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/294763-overview

  The frequency of schizoaffective disorder worldwide is difficult to determine, because the diagnostic criteria have changed over the past few years. A Finnish study estimated the lifetime prevalence of schizoaffective disorder to be about 0.32%. […] A French review cited a range of 0.50.8%. […] Young people with schizoaffective disorder tend to have the bipolar subtype, whereas older people tend to have the depressive subtype. Overall, the disorder affects more women than men, probably in part because more women have the depressive subtype as opposed to the bipolar subtype. Men with schizoaffective disorder tend to exhibit antisocial traits and behavior in contrast to other personality traits. In addition, the age of onset is later for women than for men. No race-based differences in frequency have been observed.

• #5 Schizoaffective disorder – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1199

  Schizoaffective disorder has features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders. […] The lifetime prevalence is in the range of 0.32% to 1.1%. […] The depressive type of schizoaffective disorder is more common in older patients, whereas the bipolar type is more common in younger patients. […] Patients have a better prognosis than patients with schizophrenia but a worse prognosis than patients with mood disorder. […] Patients with schizoaffective disorder are a heterogeneous group with a variable predominance of schizophrenia and affective disorder symptoms.

• #6 Schizoaffective disorder – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1199

  Schizoaffective disorder has features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders. […] The lifetime prevalence is in the range of 0.32% to 1.1%. […] The depressive type of schizoaffective disorder is more common in older patients, whereas the bipolar type is more common in younger patients. […] Patients with schizoaffective disorder are a heterogeneous group with a variable predominance of schizophrenia and affective disorder symptoms.

• #7 Schizoaffective Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21544-schizoaffective-disorder

  Schizoaffective disorder is rare. One study in Finland estimated that 3 in every 1,000 people (0.3%) will develop schizoaffective disorder in their lifetime. […] It’s difficult to know exactly how many people have this condition because it’s challenging to diagnose. The symptoms of schizoaffective disorder overlap with other mental health conditions. A misdiagnosis is possible but less likely.

• #8 Schizoaffective Disorder > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/schizoaffective-disorder

  Schizoaffective disorder occurs more frequently in women than in men. […] Schizoaffective disorder affects about 0.3% of Americans, which is 3 in every 1,000 people. […] Because it is so uncommon, schizoaffective disorder isn’t always correctly diagnosed at first. […] Schizoaffective disorder may be diagnosed after your doctor or a mental health professional learns about your mental and physical health history. […] According to the DSM-5, a person has schizoaffective disorder if they have periods of uninterrupted mental illness, such as having symptoms of depression or another mood disorder for a long time. […] About half of all patients are able to manage their symptoms over time. […] Between 10% and 30% of people with schizoaffective disorder may need to be hospitalized at some point to help stabilize or treat the condition. […] About 10% of people with schizoaffective disorder die by suicide.

• #9 Schizoaffective Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/schizoaffective-disorder

  Schizoaffective disorder is less common than schizophrenia (which is thought to have a lifetime prevalence of about 1%) but has been estimated anywhere between 0.3-1.1%. There are no figures on the incidence and prevalence of schizoaffective disorder in the UK but the prevalence of severe mental disorder – with psychosis within the last year – is 1.1%. […] The condition commonly presents in early adulthood and women are more often affected.

• #10 Schizoaffective Disorder – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/psychosis/schizoaffective

  There are limited studies on the prevalence of schizoaffective disorder. It is estimated that 30% of cases occur between the ages of 25 and 35, and it occurs more frequently in women than men. There is an estimate lifetime prevalence of 0.3%. […] Given its uncertainty as a diagnostic construct, schizoaffective disorder is very poorly researched in terms of understanding pathophysiology. Very old studies from the 1980s suggest there are changes in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. White matter changes are also thought to be involved.

• #11 Schizoaffective disorder

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/schizoaffective-disorder

  More women than men are affected by schizoaffective disorder. It tends to develop at a later age in women than men and is more likely to the depressive type. […] The depressive type is also more common in older people, while the bipolar type is more common in younger people. Symptoms usually begin in early adulthood.

• #12 Schizoaffective disorder: A challenging diagnosis | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/schizoaffective-disorder-challenging-diagnosis

  The prevalence of SAD is higher in women than men, with a sex ratio of about 2:1, similar to that seen in mood disorders. There are an equal number of men and women with the bipolar subtype, but a female preponderance with the depressive subtype. The bipolar subtype is more common in younger patients, while the depressive subtype is more common in older patients. SAD is a rare diagnosis in children.

• #13 Schizoaffective disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizoaffective_disorder

  Schizoaffective disorder is estimated to occur in 0.3 to 0.8 percent of people at some point in their life. […] It is more common in women than men; however, this is because of the high concentration of women in the depressive subcategory, whereas the bipolar subtype has a roughly even gender distribution. […] Children are less likely to be diagnosed with this disorder, as the onset presents itself in adolescence or young adulthood.

• #14 An Overview of Schizoaffective Disorder

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/an-overview-of-schizoaffective-disorder

  Schizoaffective disorder usually begins in an individuals late teens or in early adulthood, often between the ages of 16 and 30 years. It appears to occur slightly less often in men than in women, and it is rare in children. […] It is difficult to determine exactly how many people have schizoaffective disorder, but the condition appears to be less common than either schizophrenia or mood disorder alone. […] Schizoaffective disorder may increase the risk of alcohol abuse or other substance-abuse problems, anxiety disorder, family and interpersonal conflicts, poverty and homelessness, significant health problems, social isolation, suicidal thoughts, suicide or suicide attempts, and unemployment.

• #15 Schizoaffective disorder vs. bipolar: Similarities, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/schizoaffective-disorder-vs-bipolar

  Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition with psychotic and mood symptoms. […] There have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology, incidence, or prevalence of schizoaffective disorder. However, it appears to be relatively rare. Research from 2007 suggests that only around 0.3% of people develop the condition in their lifetime. […] According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), people of all sexes experience schizoaffective disorder at the same rate, but males often develop the illness at an earlier age.

• #16 Schizoaffective disorder

  https://www.epocrates.com/online/diseases/119923/Schizoaffective-disorder/Epidemiology

  Schizoaffective disorder has features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders. […] The lifetime prevalence is in the range of 0.32% to 1.1%. […] The depressive type of schizoaffective disorder is more common in older patients, whereas the bipolar type is more common in younger patients. […] Patients have a better prognosis than patients with schizophrenia but a worse prognosis than patients with mood disorder. […] Patients tend to have a nondeteriorating course and to have better response to mood stabilizer medications than patients with schizophrenia.

• #17 Examining racial disparity in psychotic disorders related ambulatory care visits: an observational study using national ambulatory medical care survey 2010–2015 | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-05095-y

  Of the 1155 visits for SSDs, 44.8% had schizophrenia, 37.4% had schizoaffective disorder diagnosis, and 19.0% had unspecified psychosis disorder. […] We found significant racial disparities in the diagnosis of SSDs. Black patients were overrepresented in all three categories: schizophrenia (24%), schizoaffective disorder (17%), and unspecified psychosis disorder (26%). […] Moreover, we found a significant disparity in insurance coverage for schizoaffective disorder, with a higher percentage of Black patients (48%) having Medicaid insurance compared to patients from other ethnoracial groups (p0.0001). […] However, they had significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder [AOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.260.68; P=0.003]. […] Our results show that SSDs, more specifically schizophrenia, continue to burden the mental health of Black individuals. Validation of our findings requires rigorous research at the population level that reveals the epidemiological difference of SSDs diagnoses in different race/ethnicity groups. […] This could include psychological stress, the pathway to care, services use, provider diagnostic practice, and experiencing discrimination and institutional and structural racism.

• #18 Schizoaffective Disorder (295.70) | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-abnormalpsych/chapter/schizoaffective-disorder-295-70/

  The prevalence rate for Schizoaffective disorder widely varies. Studies do show that Schizoaffective Manic patients appear to comprise 3-5% of psychiatric admissions to typical clinical centers. […] There is substantial evidence that there is an increased risk for Schizophrenia in first-degree biological relatives of individuals with Schizoaffective Disorder. Most studies show that relatives of individuals with Schizoaffective Disorder are at increased risk for Mood Disorders. As a group, Schizoaffective patients have family histories with increased genetic loading for both Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders.

• #19 Signs of Schizoaffective Disorder | Lakeland Behavioral Health System

  https://www.lakelandbehavioralhealth.com/co-occurring/schizoaffective/signs-effects-symptoms/

  Schizoaffective disorder is about one-third as common as schizophrenia. The lifetime prevalence for schizoaffective disorder is approximately 0.3%. The incidence rate of schizoaffective disorder appears to be higher in women, who generally experience the depressive-type of the disorder. […] Schizoaffective disorder often occurs with a number of additional disorders. The most frequently co-occurring mental illnesses include: Anxiety disorders.

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10597-009-9248-x

  Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have high prevalence among individuals with severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. […] Rates of current PTSD in individuals with a severe mental illness range from 29 to 48%. […] The need for recognition of trauma and PTSD is important among patients with a severe mental illness, as previous studies show that trauma among these patients is related to higher rates of substance abuse, higher risk of relapse, and higher costs of psychiatric services, such as hospitalizations. […] PTSD may be expected to worsen the course of the severe mental illness and may contribute to substance abuse, psychiatric and medical co-morbidity, and psychiatric and health service utilization. […] The results showed that 97.0% of the patients reported having experienced at least one traumatic event in lifetime, confirming our hypothesis that the prevalence of lifetime traumatic events in this sample of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder is higher than in the general population.

• #21 Schizoaffective disorder | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/schizoaffective-disorder

  Estimates suggest that as many as one in 3 people diagnosed with schizophrenia actually have schizoaffective disorder. […] Diagnosis is difficult because the symptoms of schizoaffective disorder are similar to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. […] A long-term history of the person is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. […] Diagnosis may take some time because it is so difficult to tell the difference between schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia and mood disorders. […] Factors common to schizoaffective disorder that may help a diagnosis include: onset is typically during the years of early adulthood, watching a moving object is usually difficult for a person with schizoaffective disorder, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep usually occurs abnormally early, women are more susceptible than men.

• #22 Schizoaffective Disorder Diagnosis And Treatment | J.Flowers

  https://jflowershealth.com/schizoaffective-disorder-diagnosis/

  A schizoaffective disorder diagnosis is less common, both in the United States and worldwide. Data from the National Alliance on Mental Health (NAMI) shows the lifetime prevalence of schizoaffective disorder is approximately 0.3%. […] While schizoaffective disorder shares many symptoms with schizophrenia, its important to understand how the diagnoses differ. This knowledge can help ensure adequate and effective treatment for yourself or a loved one after a schizoaffective disorder diagnosis. […] The risk for misdiagnosis for schizoaffective disorder can be high. Schizoaffective disorder features characteristics of schizophrenia, but the two are not interchangeable. […] Schizoaffective psychosis can be difficult to diagnose, as the condition has similar symptoms of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depression. […] Because of this, doctors must get a comprehensive understanding of a patients mental and medical history and symptoms. […] Schizoaffective disorder is less studied and understood than other mental health conditions.

• #23 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-the-Difference-Between-Schizophrenia-and-Schizoaffective-Disorder.aspx

  Schizoaffective disorder develops in approximately one in 200 people, as compared to schizophrenia which affects approximately 1% of the population. […] Schizoaffective disorders are controversial and considered to be a disorder that exists on a continuum between schizophrenia and mood disorders. […] The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is heavier disputed based on theory. In a study that analyzed the extent of the diagnostic shift in schizoaffective disorder patients, researchers found that a total of 36% of patients with an initial diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder were subsequently re-diagnosed as having schizophrenia, affective disorders, or other disorders. […] Despite the controversy surrounding the validity of schizoaffective disorder, it is a distinct disorder relative to schizophrenia.

• #24 Investigating the Diagnostic Stability of Schizophrenia vs Schizoaffective Disorder

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/investigating-the-diagnostic-stability-of-schizophrenia-vs-schizoaffective-disorder

  The authors found that schizophrenia was 2.5 times more frequently diagnosed than schizoaffective disorder, which is similar to previous findings.3 The relative size of the schizoaffective-only group diminished with an increasing number of hospitalizations. Almost 40% of patients who first received a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder subsequently received a diagnosis of schizophrenia. […] Prospective diagnostic consistency was lower for schizoaffective disorder than for schizophrenia. The authors noted that the increased prevalence of substance use disorder comorbidity in the both disorders group may contribute to diagnostic instability. Finally, there was little chance in the incidence of schizoaffective disorder in the pre- vs post-DSM-5 period. […] The reliability of schizoaffective disorder is relatively low and its incidence has not decreased since the publication of DSM-5, despite stricter criteria.

• #25 Real-world healthcare resource utilization, costs, and predictors of relapse among US patients with incident schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-024-00509-6

  Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder present burdens to patients and health systems through elevated healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs. […] Large-scale epidemiologic data on schizoaffective disorder in the US are lacking, but limited evidence from abroad suggests a lifetime prevalence of 0.3%. […] As a direct result of high HCRU as well as other indirect consequences (e.g., disability-related caregiving and unemployment), the cost of schizophrenia in the US reached an estimated $343.2 billion in 2019. […] To mitigate the health and economic burdens schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder pose to patients and health systems, efforts are needed to more effectively manage and treat these conditions. […] Relapse is common and costly, therefore some studies have begun to explore patterns of relapse and the associated HCRU and costs.

• #26 Real-world healthcare resource utilization, costs, and predictors of relapse among US patients with incident schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-024-00509-6

  Overall, HCRU and costs consistently increased with relapse frequency. […] The high burden of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and the unmet needs for patients with these conditions in the US are evident. […] Specifically, we found that patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder had high levels of comorbidities and HCRU. […] These patients incurred elevated costs but received suboptimal treatment (e.g., frequent treatment discontinuation and infrequent psychotherapy) and often experienced relapse, which suggests the need to further improve patient treatment options and outcomes.

• #27 Schizoaffective Disorder | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/28758

  The diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder have been reworded and addended since its inclusion in the DSM, making it difficult to conduct appropriate epidemiological studies subsequently. Thus, there have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology, incidence, or prevalence of schizoaffective disorder. Research shows that 30% of cases occur between the ages of 25 and 35 and occur more frequently in women. Schizoaffective disorder occurs about one-third as frequently as schizophrenia, and the lifetime prevalence appears to be around 0.3%. Estimates are that schizoaffective disorder comprises 10 to 30% of inpatient admissions for psychosis. […] Some studies show that as high as 50% of people with schizophrenia also have comorbid depression. The pathogenesis of both mood disorders and schizophrenia is multifactorial and covers a range of risk factors, including genetics, social factors, trauma, and stress. Among people with schizophrenia, there is a possible increased risk for first-degree relatives for schizoaffective disorder and vice-versa; there may be increased risk among individuals for schizoaffective disorder who have a first-degree relative with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

• #28 Real-world predictors of relapse in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a large health system | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-024-00448-2

  Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are two severe, chronic psychiatric disorders characterized by major impairments in a persons ability to perceive, feel, and act. The most recent systematic review of schizophrenia reveals a prevalence of about 1%. Despite its relative rarity, schizophrenia is one of the top 15 leading causes of disability worldwide and one of the most expensive mental disorders to treat. Costs associated with treatment received as a result of relapse account for the largest share of treatment costs in schizophrenia, making prevention of relapse a top priority in care. […] Schizophrenia is often characterized by recurring relapses, with up to 81.9% of individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder experiencing relapse within five years of their diagnosis. In the U.S., it has been estimated that $2 billion is spent annually for hospitalizations associated with relapse of patients with schizophrenia.

• #29 Real-world predictors of relapse in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a large health system | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-024-00448-2

  Medication non-adherence is most consistently documented as a predictor of relapse, particularly a first relapse. While at least one relapse is typical among individuals with diagnosed schizophrenia, prior relapse is perhaps the strongest predictor of subsequent relapse. Additional predictors of relapse include medical and psychiatric comorbid conditions, like diabetes, medication side effects and substance use. […] Aside from the immense mental and emotional effects of relapse in the personal lives of individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, there are significant logistical and financial consequences, specifically, increased healthcare utilization and associated medical costs. The economic burden of schizophrenia in the U.S. in 2019 was estimated at $343.2 billion, which corresponds to an annual excess cost per person with schizophrenia of $87,856. Schizophrenia-related relapse is a major factor in generating both high hospitalization rates and associated costs.

• #30 Real-world predictors of relapse in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a large health system | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-024-00448-2

  Despite existing knowledge of common predictors of relapse in schizophrenia, most prior studies rely on insurance claims data and/or small sample patient populations, and thus there remains a need to look at larger, more diverse populations from a health systems perspective to add to this important body of research. […] In this EHR study in a large Midwestern U.S. health system of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder with a mean follow-up time of 28 months, the rate of relapse was 30.52%. Factors which were independent predictors of relapse in this study cohort included demographic variables (age, race/ethnicity, insurance type), comorbidities (substance use disorder), prior health care resource utilization (ER visits, behavioral health inpatient visits), prior relapse, and medication-related factors (EPS and LAI prescriptions).

• #31 Real-world predictors of relapse in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a large health system | Schizophrenia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-024-00448-2

  Overall, insurance, age, race/ethnicity, substance use diagnosis, EPS diagnosis, ER encounters, BH inpatient encounters, prior relapse, and LAI prescriptions were all considered significant predictors of relapse in the final model, when adjusting for other variables. These variables could conceivably be used to construct algorithms or models to proactively monitor patient demographic, comorbid, medication, and health care utilization parameters which place them at risk for relapse and modify their approach to care to avoid future relapse.

• #32 Ten-year outcome: patients with schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia, affective disorders and mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/tenyear-outcome-patients-with-schizoaffective-disorders-schizophrenia-affective-disorders-and-moodincongruent-psychotic-symptoms/0D2C6F8BEB0297B14D17309C14BA596F

  It is unclear whether outcome in schizoaffective disorders is more similar to schizophrenia or affective disorders. […] To provide longitudinal data on clinical course and outcome in schizoaffective disorders versus schizophrenia and affective disorders, and determine whether mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms have negative prognostic implications. […] At all four follow-ups, fewer patients with schizoaffective disorders than with schizophrenia showed uniformly poor outcome. […] Schizoaffective outcome was better than schizophrenic outcome and poorer than outcome for psychotic affective disorders. […] Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms have negative prognostic implications. […] The overall outcome of the patients with schizoaffective disorders was consistently better than that of those with schizophrenia and poorer than that of those with psychotic affective disorders over the 10-year period.

• #33 Ten-year outcome: patients with schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia, affective disorders and mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/tenyear-outcome-patients-with-schizoaffective-disorders-schizophrenia-affective-disorders-and-moodincongruent-psychotic-symptoms/0D2C6F8BEB0297B14D17309C14BA596F

  The presence of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms in patients with schizoaffective disorders and those with psychotic depression have negative prognostic implications. […] Disorders involving psychotic symptoms at the acute phase are more vulnerable to subsequent recurring psychosis and subsequent difficulties in course and outcome adjustment.

• #34 Epidemiology of severe mental illness in Hunan province in central China during 2014-2015: A multistage cross-sectional study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0188312

  Severe mental illness (SMI) represents major social and public health problem in China, especially in low- or middle-income regions. […] The most frequent SMI was schizophrenia, followed by bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, epileptic mental disorder, paranoid psychosis and schizoaffective disorders, with 1-month prevalence ranging from 0.11 to 6.50 and lifetime prevalence ranging from 0.24 to 6.86. […] Schizophrenia, paranoid psychosis, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorders, epileptic mental disorder and intellectual disability are recognized as the major SMI in China according to the Standards for the Management and Treatment of Severe Mental Disorders. […] Our study may not only provide updated epidemiological data on the major SMI in Hunan province of China, but also help to evaluate the management system used nationally.

• #35 Epidemiology of severe mental illness in Hunan province in central China during 2014-2015: A multistage cross-sectional study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0188312

  The survey reported here was to investigate (1) the prevalence rate of SMI in the population of Hunan province, China; (2) the socio-demographic and geographical distribution characteristics of prevalence; (3) the family-society impact and danger level of SMI; (4) the mental health service utilization and management status of individuals with SMI. […] The overall 1-month and lifetime prevalence of SMI were 9.35 and 10.10, respectively. […] The prevalence data here was gathered during one month. […] The 1-month prevalence of the six kinds of SMI ranged from 0.11 to 6.50, and the lifetime prevalence of the six kinds of SMI ranged from 0.24 to 6.86. […] The survey indicated that the most common SMI was schizophrenia, followed by bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, epileptic mental disorder, paranoid psychosis and schizoaffective disorders. […] The proportion of help-seek behaviors was not very high, and more than a half of the patients were not referred to the management system of SMI. […] Our survey is the first large-scale epidemiological survey of severe mental illness for Chinese population in Hunan province.

• #36 Schizoaffective disorder: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm

  Schizoaffective disorder is thought to be less common than schizophrenia and mood disorders. Women may have the condition more often than men. Schizoaffective disorder is rare in children. […] The combination of psychotic and mood symptoms in schizoaffective disorder can be seen in other illnesses, such as bipolar disorder. […] People with schizoaffective disorder have a greater chance of going back to their previous level of function than do people with most other psychotic disorders.

• #37 What is the life expectancy of someone with schizoaffective disorder?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/life-expectancy-schizoaffective-disorder

  Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition that combines features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. […] There is evidence to suggest that people with schizoaffective disorder may have a reduced life expectancy when compared to the general population. […] A 2011 study asserted that the average life expectancy at birth was 69.4 for men and 64.1 for women diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. […] Several factors can contribute to the reduced life expectancy among individuals with schizoaffective disorder: Healthcare disparities: Access to quality healthcare services, including both physical and mental health care, can be challenging for individuals with schizoaffective disorder. […] Medical comorbidities: People with schizoaffective disorder may be more likely to develop health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory problems.

• #38 What is the life expectancy of someone with schizoaffective disorder?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/life-expectancy-schizoaffective-disorder

  Lifestyle factors: Individuals with schizoaffective disorder may have higher rates of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, and substance abuse. […] Suicide risk: Individuals with schizoaffective disorder have an elevated risk of suicide compared to the general population. […] It is important to note that individual circumstances and factors vary, and not everyone with schizoaffective disorder will experience a reduced life expectancy. […] Early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, regular monitoring of physical and mental health, and a holistic approach to care can help address these factors and improve the overall health outcomes and life expectancy for individuals with schizoaffective disorder.

• #39 Schizoaffective disorder — symptoms, treatments | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/schizoaffective-disorder

  Schizoaffective disorder is a mental health disorder that combines a mood disorder and schizophrenia. […] Schizoaffective disorder usually first appears in early adulthood (between 25 and 35 years of age) and females seem more susceptible than males. […] The causes of schizoaffective disorder are unknown but are thought to include a combination of family history, changes in the brain and environmental factors. […] Schizoaffective disorder cannot be prevented, but symptoms can be managed so the person diagnosed with this disorder can live a fulfilling life. […] Diagnosing schizoaffective disorder is challenging because its symptoms and how it appears in people vary. […] Most commonly, a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is made if a person has symptoms of schizophrenia and symptoms of a mood disorder at the same time and for a minimum of 2 weeks.

• #40 Schizoaffective disorder — symptoms, treatments | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/schizoaffective-disorder

  There’s no known way to prevent Schizoaffective disorder. However, there are ways to help manage symptoms and prevent symptom triggers so the person diagnosed with this disorder can live a fulfilling life. […] Keeping symptoms under control can help the person with schizoaffective disorder stay at work, university or school. This will also help them reach their life goals and prevent other negative effects, that are not directly related to their mental health condition.

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