Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sleep terrors (night terrors) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524

  Sleep terrors are a type of parasomnia. A parasomnia is a disturbing or strange behavior or experience during sleep. People who have sleep terrors don’t completely wake up from sleep during the episodes. Their appearance may suggest they are awake, but they remain partially asleep. […] Several issues can contribute to sleep terrors, such as: Serious lack of sleep and extreme tiredness. Stress. Sleep schedule changes, travel or sleep interruptions. Fever. […] Sleep terrors sometimes can be triggered by conditions that interfere with sleep, such as: Sleep-disordered breathing a group of disorders that include breathing patterns that are not typical during sleep. The most common type of sleep-disordered breathing is obstructive sleep apnea. Restless legs syndrome. Some medicines. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Alcohol use. […] Sleep terrors are more common if family members have a history of sleep terrors or sleepwalking.

• #1 Night Terrors: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/night-terrors

  Night terrors tend to run in families. Most of the time, they have no specific cause. But certain things might play a role, including: […] Night terrors in adults are rare, but they do happen. About 2% of adults experience night terrors, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. They are usually caused by stress, PTSD, or taking certain drugs such as antidepressants. […] Night terrors are not typically dangerous, but they can disrupt your child’s sleep. They’re part of a group of sleep disturbances called parasomnias and include sleepwalking (somnambulism), sleep talking (somniloquy), and waking up in a confused state. […] Night terrors can look frightening, but children usually don’t remember having them. […] Night terrors happen during non-REM sleep, usually about 90 minutes after a child falls asleep. […] Night terrors usually happen in the first third of the night.

• #1 Night Terrors (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/terrors.html

  A night terror (also called sleep terror) is similar to a nightmare, but is far more dramatic. Night terrors can be alarming to see, but theyre not harmful and kids almost always grow out of them. Night terrors usually happen about 23 hours after a child falls asleep. This is when the brain is in non-REM (non-rapid eye movement) stages of sleep. The child partly wakes up, and the area of the brain that controls fight-or-flight responses becomes overexcited. This makes the child feel panicked and terrified. […] Because they happen when a child is partially awake, things that disturb sleep can make night terrors more likely (such as obstructive sleep apnea and reflux). Other things that can make night terrors more likely include: not getting enough sleep, being sick, taking some types of medicines, sleeping in a new place or away from home, anxiety or stress, having too much caffeine. Night terrors and other sleep disturbances, such as sleepwalking, often run in families.

• #1 Night terrors (night-time wakings)

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Night_Terrors_night_time_wakings/

  Night terrors are very dramatic awakenings that happen during the first few hours of sleep at night. They can be very distressing to watch, as your child may seem extremely disturbed and upset, and it is very hard to console them. Night terrors are not the same as nightmares. […] About five per cent of children have night terrors; they usually happen in preschool- and primary school-aged children. Night terrors will not have any long-term effects on your child, and your child will most likely grow out of them. […] Overtiredness and not enough sleep can make night terrors more frequent. […] Often there is a history of night terrors or sleep walking in the family. Night terrors happen in healthy children, and are a part of normal development. They are not usually associated with serious emotional or psychological problems. There is no link with epilepsy. Night terrors may become worse with illness and fevers, or if your child becomes very worried about something. […] Night terrors are a part of normal development and happen in healthy children. […] Night terrors do not have any long-term effects on your child, and most children will outgrow them.

• #1 Night Terrors – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK493222/

  Night terrors are a common sleep disorder in young children and describe a condition in which a child wakes up from sleep in a terrified state. […] A night terror is considered a parasomnia due to its characterization of unusual physical and verbal behaviors. […] The exact etiology is unknown; however, there are strong correlations with fever and illness, excessive physical activity, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, lack of sleep and exhaustion, and emotional stress. […] There are theories that there is a genetic component; however, this has never been proven and remains antidotal. […] The prognosis for night terror is good with most children outgrowing these episodes by 10 years of age.

• #1 Night Terrors (Sleep Terrors): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/sleep-terror-symptoms

  Night terrors, also known as sleep terrors, are intense episodes of fear and panic that occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, typically within the first few hours of falling asleep. […] The exact cause of night terrors isn’t fully understood, but they’re believed to result from a mix of developmental, environmental, organic, psychological, and genetic factors. […] Night terrors are linked to disruptions or abnormalities in the deepest stage of NREM sleep, known as slow-wave sleep. […] According to research from 2020, night terrors appear to occur more often with conditions such as sleep deprivation, anxiety, having a fever during an illness, having a full bladder during sleep, fatigue, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, noisy sleeping environment, excessive physical activity, emotional stress, separation anxiety, frequent headaches, being a victim of bullying, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, periodic limb movements, restless leg syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

• #1 Night terror – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_terror

  Night terror, also called sleep terror, is a sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread and typically occurring during the first hours of stage 34 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and lasting for 1 to 10 minutes. […] Factors that may lead to sleep terrors are young age, sleep deprivation, medications, stress, fever, and intrinsic sleep disorders. […] There is some evidence that a predisposition to night terrors and other parasomnias may be congenital. […] In addition, some laboratory findings suggest that sleep deprivation and having a fever can increase the likelihood of a night terror episode occurring. […] Though the symptoms of night terrors in adolescents and adults are similar, their causes, prognoses, and treatments are qualitatively different. […] There is some evidence that suggests that night terrors can occur if the individual does not eat a proper diet, does not get the appropriate amount or quality of sleep (e.g., because of sleep apnea), or is enduring stressful events.

• #1 Night Terrors vs. Nightmares: Signs, Causes, Tips to Cope

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/night-terrors-vs-nightmares

  Night terrors, also called sleep terrors, are episodes where you partially awake from slow-wave sleep. They generally involve signs of extreme stress, like screaming or waving your limbs. […] Night terrors typically happen when you’re deeply asleep. This period is called slow-wave sleep since the waves of electrical activity in your brain are larger and slower than usual. […] People with frequent night terrors tend to have mismatched brain waves during this phase of sleep. When the brain waves clash, they may throw you into a half-awake state. […] Several factors can predispose you to night terrors: Genetics. The HLA-DQB1*05:01 allele shows up more frequently in people with sleep terrors. […] Family history. If you have night terrors, there’s a 96 percent chance a family member experiences similar concerns. […] Sleep disruption. Restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea, or fever can interrupt deep sleep and throw your brain waves off-kilter. […] Medication. Drugs like lithium and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) can deepen your sleep and make night terror episodes more frequent.

• #1 Night terrors: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/301893

  Night terrors, or sleep terrors, are common terms for episodes that cause fear at night, especially in children. They are different from nightmares and may stem from many factors like stress, a fever, or lack of sleep. […] A number of factors may contribute to night terrors. These include: fever, especially in children; stress; sleep deprivation; light or noise; an overfull bladder; spending the night somewhere unfamiliar; possibly, genetic factors; migraine headaches; physical or emotional stress; use or abuse of some medications or alcohol. […] Night terrors and sleepwalking appear to be linked. They both occur during slow-wave sleep, the deepest sleep stages, that happen in the early part of the night. […] People who have night terrors or who sleep walk often have a family member who also does this. […] A long-term study of 1,940 children, published in 2015, found that those whose parents had walked in their sleep were more likely to have night terrors and that these night terrors were more likely to persist for longer.

• #1 Sleep Terrors: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914360-overview

  Sleep terrors (also referred to as night terrors) are a specific sleep disruption most remarkable for their intensity and anxiety-inducing nature. Several precipitating factors have been suggested, but no consistent structural or biochemical abnormality has been identified to account for all cases of sleep terrors. […] No specific cause has been identified for sleep terrors. Suggested triggers have included the following: Inadequate or irregular sleep schedule, Unfamiliar or disruptive sleep environment (including having a TV set in a child’s room), Travel, Concurrent fever or illness, Certain medications such as lithium, clonidine, risperidone, anticholinergics, sedative-hypnotic agents and alcohol, and some stimulants, A full bladder during sleep, Generalized stress, Obstructive sleep disorders, Periodic limb movements. […] These triggers do not appear to cause sleep terrors but may lower the threshold for sleep terror events.

• #1 Sleep Terrors – Sleep Education by American Academy of Sleep Medicine

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/sleep-terrors/

  Sleep terrors, also called night terrors, is a parasomnia. A parasomnia involves undesired events that come along with sleep. […] Episodes of sleep terrors and sleepwalking share many of the same causes. These include the following: Sleep deprivation, Hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormones), Migraine headaches, Head injury, Encephalitis (brain swelling), Stroke, The premenstrual period, Bloated stomach, Physical or emotional stress, Sleep apnea, Other sleep-related disorders or events, Travel, Sleeping in unfamiliar surroundings, Some medications, Alcohol use and abuse, Noise or light, Fevers in children. […] There is a strong genetic and family link. It can occur in several members of the same family. […] Many adults who have sleep terrors are also likely to have a history of one of the following: Bipolar disorder, Some depressive disorders, Anxiety disorders. […] It is unclear how closely it may be linked to these mental disorders in adults. In children, there does not seem to be any connection between mental disorders and sleep terrors.

• #1 Sleep Terror: Signs, Causes, Tips to Cope

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-terror

  Sleep terrors, also called night terrors, are a type of parasomnia. These sleep disorders cause irregular behavior during sleep. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes sleep terrors, though some have suggested a link between serotonin and night terrors. A family history of sleep terrors also seems to play a part. […] Other factors known to contribute to sleep terrors include: […] Sleep terrors are more likely to happen when you get poor sleep. […] Having another disruptive sleep disorder may also increase your chances of having sleep terrors. […] You may have a higher chance of experiencing sleep terrors if you live with certain mental health conditions, including: […] Some medications can contribute to other parasomnias, like vivid dreams, nightmares, and sleepwalking. They could also contribute to sleep terrors in some people. […] In a 2014 study involving 661 adults with Parkinsons disease, 3.9 percent reported having sleep terrors. Participants also reported other types of parasomnias, like sleepwalking and nightmares.

• #1 Night terrors in children: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000809.htm

  Night terrors (sleep terrors) are a sleep disorder in which a person quickly wakes from sleep in a terrified state. […] The cause is unknown, but night terrors may be triggered by: Fever, Lack of sleep, Periods of emotional tension, stress, or conflict. […] Night terrors may run in families. They can occur in adults, especially when there is emotional tension or alcohol use. […] Minimizing stress or using coping mechanisms may reduce night terrors.

• #1 Sleep Terrors | Causes, impact, who is affected, what & treatment

  https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/sleep-terrors/

  Sleep terrors are a type of sleep disorder characterised by a sudden, intense fear or terror that occurs during sleep. […] Sleep terrors are a type of parasomnia. Parasomnia is a category of sleep disorders that involve either abnormal behaviour, movements, emotions, perceptions or dreams that occur while falling asleep, while asleep or during the arousal period in between sleep stages. […] Like other parasomnias, there is some evidence that sleep terrors may be genetic and are more likely to occur in individuals who have a family history of parasomnia. […] Some other common causes of sleep terrors are: Being sleep deprived, Disruption of sleep schedule, Being unwell, Sudden loud noises when you are in a deep sleep, If you are stressed, anxious or worried or go to bed after something has frightened you, A child experiencing separation anxiety, A head injury.

• #1 Sleep terrors (Chapter 13) – The Parasomnias and Other Sleep-Related Movement Disorders

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/parasomnias-and-other-sleeprelated-movement-disorders/sleep-terrors/62045387B50372FFCFAFD7CE25FAF6A1

  During Rhazes’ time, research shows that mater puerorum have been used to describe both epileptic attacks and night terrors. […] In a case report published in 1953, Sullivan described night terrors as an indication of an emotional problem arising out of certain stages in a child’s development. […] Classically, night terrors arise during the first sleep cycle, usually within 1-3 hours of sleep. […] Parents identified the following as precipitants: overtiredness, fever, separation, loss, moving, divorce, change of school, death in the family, return to school from vacation, or change of school. […] The prevalence of sleepwalking and night terrors in first-degree relatives was estimated as being ten times greater than in the general population. […] Treatment of night terrors can be divided into two categories: behavioral and medical strategies. […] Night terrors are fascinating entities that share many of the same characteristics of the other parasomnias occurring as arousals from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.

• #1 Sleep/Night Terrors | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/sleep-night-terrors

  Sleep terrors, or night terrors, can cause the feeling of terror or panic, most common in children, caused by stress, trauma or illness. […] The cause can be stress, trauma, illness, or just part of growing up. […] Sleep terrors might seem to just come out of the blue. But there are several things that can play a part in causing them. […] Either physiological stress (i.e. pain, breath holding) or psychological stress can increase the risk. […] Some drugs have been linked to sleep terrors. […] There are also some disorders that are associated with sleep terrors. These include Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), seizures, gastric reflux and fevers. […] Stress, trauma, some illnesses (including sleep apnoea), some medications and illicit drugs may also cause sleep terrors.

• #1 Night Terrors (Sleep Terrors): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/sleep-terror-symptoms

  Additionally, certain medications may increase the amount of stage three and four sleep, potentially leading to sleep terrors. […] Medical conditions like nocturnal asthma and gastroesophageal reflux may also contribute to the occurrence of sleep terrors. […] In adults, psychological factors are more common, and there is an association between sleep terrors and psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. […] There is also a strong genetic predisposition to sleep terrors, with a high prevalence of certain genetic alleles found in individuals with the condition.

• #1 Sleep Terrors (Night Terrors) – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.koalasleepcenters.com/sleep-terrors

  The causes of night terrors can vary widely and may stem from several factors, including stress, sleep deprivation, and changes in sleep schedules. […] These episodes can also be triggered by fever, certain medications, and conditions such as restless leg syndrome or sleep-disordered breathing patterns like obstructive sleep apnea. […] Factors exacerbating night terrors include excessive or close-to-bedtime alcohol consumption, which can alter sleep patterns and cause episodes. […] In children, night terrors are more common and tend to decrease with age. […] However, when occurring in adults or persisting beyond childhood, night terrors may indicate underlying physical or mental health conditions requiring further investigation. […] Ensuring adequate sleep and managing stress effectively are crucial to preventing night terrors.

• #1 What Are Night Terrors? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sleep-disorders/coping-with-fear-adult-night-terrors/

  Night terrors, which are also known as sleep terrors, are classified as an arousal disorder, according to the Sleep Foundation. The person experiencing a night terror will suddenly show signs of panic and terror while sleeping, including screaming, flailing, or kicking. […] Night terrors can be set off by these triggers: fever, sleeping with too much light or noise, or in an unfamiliar environment, exhaustion or sleep deprivation, physical or emotional stress, migraine, head injury or brain swelling, other sleep disorders, certain medications and alcohol. […] Stress and sleep deprivation tend to be the most common culprits for the onset of night terrors in adults, Dr. Roehrs says. By the time adults get to bed, they may fall into a very deep sleep with difficulty transitioning between the sleep stages.

• #1

  https://www.prevention.com/health/sleep-energy/a43591044/night-terrors/

  According to Logan Schneider, M.D., clinical specialist for sleep behavior at Google, night terrors, also called sleep terrors, are physical episodes of distress that may include thrashing, screaming, and aggressive behavior that happen during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or more specifically, slow-wave sleep, which is a deep phase of NREM sleep that takes place in the first hours of the night. […] Researchers can’t pinpoint a specific reason why they happen, but in adults, there’s thought that major stress in daily life may trigger them, Schneider says. More specifically, some research has shown that those who have night terrors are more likely to have depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive and phobic traits. […] Shelby Harris, Psy.D., clinical associate professor of neurology and psychiatry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and director of sleep health at Sleepopolis, adds that trauma may also play a role in adults night terror prevalence.

• #1 Sleep terror | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/sleep-terror

  Sleep terror is one of the manifestations of disorders of arousal and consists of abrupt arousals out of sleep stage 3 NREM, primarily in the first third of the night, with disordered motor agitation, screaming, fear, and autonomic activation. […] Sleep terrors can persist in adulthood in predisposed individuals or even appear de novo in some cases, often causing excessive daytime sleepiness and altered quality of life. […] A number of genetic, developmental, psychological, and organic risk factors have been identified for sleep terrors. […] There is clear evidence that many patients with sleep terrors have a family history of sleep terrors, sleepwalking, or both, supporting the hypothesis that sleepwalking and night terrors share a common strong genetic predisposition. […] The common pattern of onset is in childhood, and termination by late adolescence implicates a developmental factor.

• #1 Night Terrors + 7 Ways to Manage the Anxiety of Sleep Terrors – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/night-terrors/

  Night terrors are typically caused by overarousal of the central nervous system during sleep. […] Other factors that can contribute to this sleep disorder include: being overtired, stress, illness, fever, migraines, head injuries, certain medications for depression, anxiety and high blood pressure, new sleeping environment, lack of sleep, too much caffeine, genetics, sleep apnea, PTSD, General Anxiety Disorder, depression, Restless Legs Syndrome, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. […] Night terrors may be caused by an underlying health condition like sleep apnea, too much caffeine, being overstimulated or from other sleep disorders like restless legs syndrome.

• #1 Sleep Terrors, what are they and what can be done about them? – Sleep Matters

  https://www.sleepmattersperth.com.au/sleep-terrors-what-are-they-and-what-can-be-done-about-them/

  Sleep terrors (also known as night terrors) are often confused with nightmares, but they are actually a different phenomenon. […] Sleep terrors occur when a person suddenly arouses from deep or slow-wave sleep. This arousal occurs alongside an appearance of intense fear, both physiologically (such as a pounding heart, hyperventilating, and dilated pupils) and behaviourally (such as screaming and crying). […] Many things can make sleep terrors more likely, or trigger the first episode of sleep terrors. These include: Inadequate sleep; Irregular sleep schedule or a change in the usual sleep schedule; Other factors that disrupt sleep, such as difficulty breathing, or periodic limb movement disorder; Fever or illness; Medications that increase slow-wave sleep, such as benzodiazepines or tricyclic antidepressants; Caffeine; Sleeping with a full bladder; Sleeping in a different environment; Noise and light; Stress and anxiety.

• #1 Night Terrors and Sleep Terrors: Information for Parents and Caregivers : Canada : eMentalHealth.ca

  https://www.ementalhealth.ca/Canada/Night-Terrors-and-Sleep-Terrors/index.php?m=article&ID=71743

  Night terrors occur in the first third of the night after a child goes to sleep, and involves the child appearing to wake up, along with screaming and crying. […] Night terrors are due to an immature brain, and a child will grow out of them. […] Night terrors are a common sleep disorder seen in children (usually aged 3-5) that are not dangerous, and that usually get better as the child gets older. […] Sleep is a complicated brain and body process, and it is felt that night terrors are a malfunction of the normal sleep cycle that occurs because the child’s brain is not yet fully developed. […] In addition, it may be triggered by: Stressful life events, Fever, Sleep deprivation or anything that affects the child’s sleep (including sleep conditions such as sleep apnea), Certain medications that the child is taking, Changes in the routine or schedule, Being overtired. […] As night terrors are felt due to an immature brain, they get better as the child’s brain matures, usually by age six. Nonetheless, some people continue to have night terrors as teens and even adults.

• #1 Sleep Terror Disorder (aka Night / Sleep Terrors): Information for Physicians : Ottawa-Carleton, ON : eMentalHealth.ca

  https://primarycare.ementalhealth.ca/index.php?m=fpArticle&ID=82033

  Sleep terror disorder (aka night terrors) are characterised by a person having a sudden arousal within hours after falling asleep, with a loud yell or cry. They occur during stages 3 or 4 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Usual age of onset is in childhood, aged 3-8. Prognosis is good as it usually resolves as the child gets older. […] Night terrors are characterised by a sudden arousal accompanied by a loud scream or cry within the first few hours (within to 3 hrs) after falling asleep. They occur during stages 3 or 4 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. […] Night terrors are a malfunction of the normal sleep cycle that occurs because the child’s brain is not yet fully developed. […] Stressful life events, fever, sleep deprivation or anything that affects the child’s sleep (including sleep conditions such as sleep apnea), certain medications that the person is taking, changes in the routine or schedule, and being overtired can trigger night terrors.

• #1 What Are Night Terrors or Sleep Terrors? (Signs, Causes, & Treatment)

  https://www.sleepresolutions.com/blog/what-are-night-terrors-or-sleep-terrors-signs-causes-treatment

  What Are Night Terrors or Sleep Terrors? (Signs, Causes, Treatment) […] Night terrors are a type of non-REM sleep disturbance called a disorder of arousal. This type of sleep disorder involves experiencing a parasomnia (involuntary movement) during an incomplete awakening from deep, non-REM sleep. Night terrors most often occur during the half of the night. […] Night terrors are fairly common in small children under the age of 5, and most grow out of this naturally as they age. Usually, the onset of sleep terrors in children is somewhere between the ages of 4 and 12. Once children reach adolescence, the night terrors tend to end on their own without treatment. […] If the night terrors continue past adolescence or happen for the first time in older children and adults, treatment may be advisable. Its possible that a comorbid condition may be causing the night terrors. (In other words, the sudden occurrence of the sleep disturbance may point to another condition that you havent yet diagnosed.)

• #1 Sleep terrors (night terrors) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353529

  To diagnose sleep terrors, your doctor or other healthcare professional may: […] Treatment may be needed if the sleep terrors cause a safety risk, interfere with sleep, don’t go away with time or happen more often. […] Treatment generally focuses on plans for safety and getting rid of causes or triggers for sleep terrors. […] If the sleep terrors are linked with a medical or mental health condition or another sleep disorder, such as obstructive sleep apnea, treatment is aimed at the underlying problem. […] If stress or anxiety seems to be part of the cause of the sleep terrors, your healthcare professional may suggest meeting with a sleep specialist. […] Sleep terrors in children tend to go away by the time they’re teenagers. But if you have concerns about safety or underlying conditions for you or your child, talk to your healthcare professional.

• #2 Sleep terrors (night terrors) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/sleep-terrors-night-terrors

  Sleep terrors are a type of parasomnia. A parasomnia is a disturbing or strange behavior or experience during sleep. Several issues can contribute to sleep terrors, such as serious lack of sleep and extreme tiredness. Stress. Sleep schedule changes, travel or sleep interruptions. Fever. Sleep terrors sometimes can be triggered by conditions that interfere with sleep, such as sleep-disordered breathing a group of disorders that include breathing patterns that are not typical during sleep. The most common type of sleep-disordered breathing is obstructive sleep apnea. Restless legs syndrome. Some medicines. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Alcohol use. […] Sleep terrors are more common if family members have a history of sleep terrors or sleepwalking.

• #2 Night Terrors (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/terrors.html

  A night terror (also called sleep terror) is similar to a nightmare, but is far more dramatic. Night terrors can be alarming to see, but theyre not harmful and kids almost always grow out of them. Night terrors usually happen about 23 hours after a child falls asleep. This is when the brain is in non-REM (non-rapid eye movement) stages of sleep. The child partly wakes up, and the area of the brain that controls fight-or-flight responses becomes overexcited. This makes the child feel panicked and terrified. […] Because they happen when a child is partially awake, things that disturb sleep can make night terrors more likely (such as obstructive sleep apnea and reflux). Other things that can make night terrors more likely include: not getting enough sleep, being sick, taking some types of medicines, sleeping in a new place or away from home, anxiety or stress, having too much caffeine. Night terrors and other sleep disturbances, such as sleepwalking, often run in families.

• #2 What Are Night Terrors?

  https://www.verywellmind.com/night-terrors-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-5070019

  Night terrors typically begin during early childhood and usually resolve on their own as children age, although some adults may continue to experience sleep terrors. […] Night terrors affect approximately 2% to 7% of children and tend to occur most frequently between the ages of four and seven. […] The condition is also believed to occur in approximately 3% of adults, although exact numbers are difficult to estimate since many people do not remember these episodes after waking.

• #2 Night terrors and nightmares

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/night-terrors/

  Night terrors are most common in children between the ages of 3 and 8, while nightmares can affect both children and adults. […] Common causes of night terrors and nightmares include: being very tired or unwell, sudden noises at night or needing to pee during the night (which can affect your deep sleep), something that’s frightened you (such as watching a scary film) or made you stressed, anxious or worried. […] They can also be caused by: taking certain medicines, such as antidepressants, conditions that affect sleep, such as restless legs syndrome or sleep apnoea, mental health conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), conditions that affect the brain, such as dementia. […] Night terrors are more common in people with family members who have had night terrors or who sleepwalk.

• #2 Sleep Terrors (Night Terrors) – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.koalasleepcenters.com/sleep-terrors

  The causes of night terrors can vary widely and may stem from several factors, including stress, sleep deprivation, and changes in sleep schedules. […] These episodes can also be triggered by fever, certain medications, and conditions such as restless leg syndrome or sleep-disordered breathing patterns like obstructive sleep apnea. […] Factors exacerbating night terrors include excessive or close-to-bedtime alcohol consumption, which can alter sleep patterns and cause episodes. […] In children, night terrors are more common and tend to decrease with age. […] However, when occurring in adults or persisting beyond childhood, night terrors may indicate underlying physical or mental health conditions requiring further investigation. […] Ensuring adequate sleep and managing stress effectively are crucial to preventing night terrors.

• #2 Sleep/Night Terrors | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/sleep-night-terrors

  Sleep terrors, or night terrors, can cause the feeling of terror or panic, most common in children, caused by stress, trauma or illness. […] The cause can be stress, trauma, illness, or just part of growing up. […] Sleep terrors might seem to just come out of the blue. But there are several things that can play a part in causing them. […] Either physiological stress (i.e. pain, breath holding) or psychological stress can increase the risk. […] Some drugs have been linked to sleep terrors. […] There are also some disorders that are associated with sleep terrors. These include Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), seizures, gastric reflux and fevers. […] Stress, trauma, some illnesses (including sleep apnoea), some medications and illicit drugs may also cause sleep terrors.

• #2 Night terrors in toddlers and children

  https://www.babycenter.com/toddler/sleep/night-terrors-why-they-happen-and-what-to-do-about-them_142

  Night terrors also called sleep terrors are a type of sleep disturbance. […] What causes night terrors, and can they be prevented? […] There’s no definitive way to prevent night terrors because no one knows exactly what causes them. […] Some factors make night terrors more likely if your child has a fever or isn’t getting enough sleep, for example. […] Certain medications or caffeine also can contribute to night terrors. […] Children are also more likely to have them if someone in their family has night terrors or another sleep disorder, such as sleepwalking. […] In some cases, night terrors can be triggered by sleep apnea, a serious but correctable disorder in which enlarged tonsils and adenoids (normal tissue in the throat) block airway passages during sleep, making it difficult to breathe and disrupting a child’s sleep throughout the night. […] Research suggests that certain conditions that keep your child from getting enough rest, such as restless legs syndrome or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), may also trigger night terrors.

• #2 What Are Night Terrors?

  https://www.verywellmind.com/night-terrors-definition-symptoms-traits-causes-treatment-5070019

  Night terrors most commonly occur as people move from one stage of sleep to the next. […] The exact causes of night terrors are not known, although there is evidence that the condition tends to run in families, although further research is needed to better understand possible genetic links. […] Some factors may increase the risk of night terrors in adults. These factors include: Sleep disruptions, Fatigue, Illness, Medications including antidepressants, Restless leg syndrome, Stressful events, Alcohol use or the use of another central nervous system (CNS) depressant, Trauma, Mental health conditions, particularly in adults, Underlying neurological conditions. […] Research also suggests that children and teens who experience night terrors are also more likely to report experiencing migraine headaches.

• #2 Night Terrors – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK493222/

  Night terrors are a common sleep disorder in young children and describe a condition in which a child wakes up from sleep in a terrified state. […] A night terror is considered a parasomnia due to its characterization of unusual physical and verbal behaviors. […] The exact etiology is unknown; however, there are strong correlations with fever and illness, excessive physical activity, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, lack of sleep and exhaustion, and emotional stress. […] There are theories that there is a genetic component; however, this has never been proven and remains antidotal. […] The prognosis for night terror is good with most children outgrowing these episodes by 10 years of age.

• #2 Night Terrors (Sleep Terrors): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/sleep-terror-symptoms

  Additionally, certain medications may increase the amount of stage three and four sleep, potentially leading to sleep terrors. […] Medical conditions like nocturnal asthma and gastroesophageal reflux may also contribute to the occurrence of sleep terrors. […] In adults, psychological factors are more common, and there is an association between sleep terrors and psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. […] There is also a strong genetic predisposition to sleep terrors, with a high prevalence of certain genetic alleles found in individuals with the condition.

• #2

  https://www.prevention.com/health/sleep-energy/a43591044/night-terrors/

  According to Logan Schneider, M.D., clinical specialist for sleep behavior at Google, night terrors, also called sleep terrors, are physical episodes of distress that may include thrashing, screaming, and aggressive behavior that happen during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or more specifically, slow-wave sleep, which is a deep phase of NREM sleep that takes place in the first hours of the night. […] Researchers can’t pinpoint a specific reason why they happen, but in adults, there’s thought that major stress in daily life may trigger them, Schneider says. More specifically, some research has shown that those who have night terrors are more likely to have depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive and phobic traits. […] Shelby Harris, Psy.D., clinical associate professor of neurology and psychiatry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and director of sleep health at Sleepopolis, adds that trauma may also play a role in adults night terror prevalence.

• #2 Night terrors in children: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000809.htm

  Night terrors (sleep terrors) are a sleep disorder in which a person quickly wakes from sleep in a terrified state. […] The cause is unknown, but night terrors may be triggered by: Fever, Lack of sleep, Periods of emotional tension, stress, or conflict. […] Night terrors may run in families. They can occur in adults, especially when there is emotional tension or alcohol use. […] Minimizing stress or using coping mechanisms may reduce night terrors.

• #2 Night terrors: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/301893

  Night terrors, or sleep terrors, are common terms for episodes that cause fear at night, especially in children. They are different from nightmares and may stem from many factors like stress, a fever, or lack of sleep. […] A number of factors may contribute to night terrors. These include: fever, especially in children; stress; sleep deprivation; light or noise; an overfull bladder; spending the night somewhere unfamiliar; possibly, genetic factors; migraine headaches; physical or emotional stress; use or abuse of some medications or alcohol. […] Night terrors and sleepwalking appear to be linked. They both occur during slow-wave sleep, the deepest sleep stages, that happen in the early part of the night. […] People who have night terrors or who sleep walk often have a family member who also does this. […] A long-term study of 1,940 children, published in 2015, found that those whose parents had walked in their sleep were more likely to have night terrors and that these night terrors were more likely to persist for longer.

• #2 Night terrors (night-time wakings)

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Night_Terrors_night_time_wakings/

  Night terrors are very dramatic awakenings that happen during the first few hours of sleep at night. They can be very distressing to watch, as your child may seem extremely disturbed and upset, and it is very hard to console them. Night terrors are not the same as nightmares. […] About five per cent of children have night terrors; they usually happen in preschool- and primary school-aged children. Night terrors will not have any long-term effects on your child, and your child will most likely grow out of them. […] Overtiredness and not enough sleep can make night terrors more frequent. […] Often there is a history of night terrors or sleep walking in the family. Night terrors happen in healthy children, and are a part of normal development. They are not usually associated with serious emotional or psychological problems. There is no link with epilepsy. Night terrors may become worse with illness and fevers, or if your child becomes very worried about something. […] Night terrors are a part of normal development and happen in healthy children. […] Night terrors do not have any long-term effects on your child, and most children will outgrow them.

• #2 Night Terrors and Epilepsy – The Defeating Epilepsy Foundation

  https://www.defeatingepilepsy.org/living-with-epilepsy-series/night-terrors-and-epilepsy/

  Night terrors are sleep disturbances in which a person experiences panic while only partially awake. […] The cause of night terrors remains unknown; however, they may be triggered as a result of a fever, sleep deprivation, stress, alcohol abuse, or changes to sleep schedules. […] Night terrors bear a close resemblance to nocturnal seizures, a form of epilepsy that manifests during sleep. […] Though these sleep disturbances do not stem from epileptiform activity, they share common traits with sleepwalking, nightmares and nocturnal epileptic seizures.

• #2 What Are Night Terrors or Sleep Terrors? (Signs, Causes, & Treatment)

  https://www.sleepresolutions.com/blog/what-are-night-terrors-or-sleep-terrors-signs-causes-treatment

  Other parasomnias like restless leg syndrome are sometimes associated with sleep terrors. […] Certain medical conditions like PMS, migraines, stroke, head injuries, encephalitis, and hyperthyroidism may make people more prone to arousal disorders. […] Anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder. Although most people with night terrors dont have a mental health condition, in some cases there is a relationship. […] Alcohol or drugs. Drinking or using recreational drugs may play a role. Certain prescription medications can also have night terrors as a side effect.

• #2 “I Wake Up Screaming:” What To Know About Night Terrors

  https://www.verywellmind.com/i-wake-up-screaming-what-to-know-about-night-terrors-5218842

  Health issues may increase the risk of night terrors, including head injuries, thyroid issues, and encephalitis (inflammation in the brain) […] Medications that you are taking may increase your risk of having a night terror […] Having another sleep disorder, such as sleep apnea, may make you more likely to experience night terrors. […] Research has found that night terrors past the childhood years are also associated with sleep disorders, neuroses, and psychiatric disorders. Adults who have night terrors are more likely to live with depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety.

• #2 Sleep Terrors – Sleep Education by American Academy of Sleep Medicine

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/sleep-terrors/

  Sleep terrors, also called night terrors, is a parasomnia. A parasomnia involves undesired events that come along with sleep. […] Episodes of sleep terrors and sleepwalking share many of the same causes. These include the following: Sleep deprivation, Hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormones), Migraine headaches, Head injury, Encephalitis (brain swelling), Stroke, The premenstrual period, Bloated stomach, Physical or emotional stress, Sleep apnea, Other sleep-related disorders or events, Travel, Sleeping in unfamiliar surroundings, Some medications, Alcohol use and abuse, Noise or light, Fevers in children. […] There is a strong genetic and family link. It can occur in several members of the same family. […] Many adults who have sleep terrors are also likely to have a history of one of the following: Bipolar disorder, Some depressive disorders, Anxiety disorders. […] It is unclear how closely it may be linked to these mental disorders in adults. In children, there does not seem to be any connection between mental disorders and sleep terrors.

• #2 Adult Night Terrors: Understanding This Disturbing Sleep Disorder

  https://pillow.app/article/adult-night-terrors-a-closer-look-at-this-disturbing-sleep-disorder

  Adult night terrors can cause a person to bolt upright in bed, kicking and screaming. Stress and sleep deprivation can cause adult night terrors. […] Researchers cant agree on a specific reason for night terrors. However, they seem to have a genetic basis. Some experts believe that night terrors occur because of a problem moving between various stages of sleep specifically the NREM and REM stages. This is more likely to occur if you have experienced sleep deprivation. Adults diagnosed with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more likely to experience sleep terrors. There are a variety of things that can trigger night terrors including: […] Night terrors are often mistaken for nightmares but they are different. Nightmares are intense dreams that provoke fear while night terrors are unusual movements that occur during sleep. Night terrors are not triggered by nightmares.

• #2 What Are Night Terrors? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sleep-disorders/coping-with-fear-adult-night-terrors/

  Genetics may play a role in night terrors, too. According to the Sleep Foundation, kids are more likely to have them if they have a parent or sibling who also had them or another parasomnia, such as sleepwalking. […] Research also suggests that night terrors are more likely to happen if someone is experiencing other conditions: obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep deprivation and extreme fatigue.

• #2 Sleep terror | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/sleep-terror

  Sleep terrors occur more often in children with sleep-disordered breathing than in normal children and are increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. […] Sleep terror is classified as a disorder of arousal based on the concept that disordered arousal mechanisms lead to behavioral and emotional activation but not to a full awakening. […] The pathogenesis of sleep terrors is unknown.

• #2 Night Terrors (Sleep Terrors): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/sleep-terror-symptoms

  Night terrors, also known as sleep terrors, are intense episodes of fear and panic that occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, typically within the first few hours of falling asleep. […] The exact cause of night terrors isn’t fully understood, but they’re believed to result from a mix of developmental, environmental, organic, psychological, and genetic factors. […] Night terrors are linked to disruptions or abnormalities in the deepest stage of NREM sleep, known as slow-wave sleep. […] According to research from 2020, night terrors appear to occur more often with conditions such as sleep deprivation, anxiety, having a fever during an illness, having a full bladder during sleep, fatigue, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, noisy sleeping environment, excessive physical activity, emotional stress, separation anxiety, frequent headaches, being a victim of bullying, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, periodic limb movements, restless leg syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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