Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560779/

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a frequent cause of increased morbidity and mortality in neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. […] The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. […] The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. […] The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth.

• #2 Respiratory Distress in the Newborn | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p987.html

  The most common etiology of neonatal respiratory distress is transient tachypnea of the newborn; this is triggered by excessive lung fluid, and symptoms usually resolve spontaneously. […] Respiratory distress syndrome can occur in premature infants as a result of surfactant deficiency and underdeveloped lung anatomy. […] Prenatal administration of corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks’ gestation reduces the risk of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn when the risk of preterm delivery is high. […] Respiratory distress occurs in approximately 7 percent of infants, and preparation is crucial for physicians providing neonatal care. […] Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, also called hyaline membrane disease, is the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, correlating with structural and functional lung immaturity. It occurs in 24,000 infants born in the United States annually.

• #3 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Things to Consider and Ways to Manage | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70806

  Involving more commonly the premature (less than 37 weeks of gestational age) infants, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), is an important clinical syndrome responsible for a high rate of mortality and morbidity. […] Reports have shown that about 12% of infants are preterm in the United States, while the prevalence ranges between 6 and 11% in European countries. […] NRDS is a leading cause of admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with estimated incidence rate of 7.8% and mortality rate of 50% in premature infants. […] The prevalence and the severity of NRDS decrease as the gestational age increases. […] A variety of factors including cesarean section, prematurity, maternal diabetes and genetic variations have been reported to play role in pathogenesis of NRDS.

• #4 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/976034-overview

  In the United States, respiratory distress syndrome has been estimated to occur in 24,000 newborn infants each year, the most common complication of prematurity. It is a complication in about 1% pregnancies. Approximately 50% of the neonates born at 26-28 weeks’ gestation develop respiratory distress syndrome, whereas less than 30% of premature neonates born at 30-31 weeks’ gestation develop the condition. […] Respiratory distress syndrome is encountered less frequently in developing countries than elsewhere, primarily because most premature infants who are small for their gestation are stressed in utero because of malnutrition or pregnancy-induced hypertension. In addition, because most deliveries in developing countries occur at home, accurate records in these regions are unavailable to determine the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome. […] Respiratory distress syndrome has been reported in all races worldwide, occurring most often in White premature infants.

• #5 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560779/

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a frequent cause of increased morbidity and mortality in neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. […] The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. […] The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. […] The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth.

• #6 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/37547

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, or RDS, is a common cause of respiratory distress in a newborn, presenting within hours after birth, most often immediately after delivery. RDS primarily affects preterm neonates, and infrequently, term infants. The incidence of RDS is inversely proportional to the gestational age of the infant, with more severe disease in the smaller and more premature neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. It is also the most common complication of prematurity leading to significant morbidity in late preterm neonates and even mortality in very low birth weight infants. The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. Other risk factors include white race, male gender, late preterm delivery, maternal diabetes, perinatal hypoxia and ischemia, and delivery in the absence of labor. The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. In one study of babies born between 2003 and 2007 at various National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network centers, 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had RDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%.

• #7 Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/neonatal-respiratory-distress-syndrome/

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), or surfactant deficiency disorder, is a lung disorder in infants that is caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. […] It is most common in preterm infants, with the incidence and severity decreasing with gestational age. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Incidence: 1% of all newborns, 10% of all preterm babies. […] The risk of developing NRDS depends on gestational age.

• #8 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neonatal | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688542/0.3/Respiratory_Distress_Syndrome_Neonatal

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a disorder primarily of prematurity manifested by respiratory distress. However, it can occur in early term neonates as well. […] Incidence: 90% incidence in infants born 28 weeks gestation. 1% all newborns, 10% of preterm infants. Inversely proportional to gestational age. Gender: male predominance. Eighth leading cause of infant death in the United States in 2021: 11.3 infant deaths per 100,000 live births.

• #9 Respiratory distress syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/respiratory-distress-syndrome?embed_domain=hackmd.io%25252F%252540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%25252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.ico&lang=us

  Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a relatively common condition that occurs in preterm neonates resulting from insufficient production of surfactant. […] The incidence is estimated at 6 in 1000 births. It is uncommon after 36 weeks gestation due to the development of pneumocyte surfactant production around 35 weeks.

• #10

  https://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal/fulltext/2022/07000/epidemiology_of_neonatal_acute_respiratory.6.aspx

  Age-specific definitions for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are available, including a specific definition for neonates (the Montreux definition). The epidemiology of neonatal ARDS is unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of neonatal ARDS. […] A total of 239 neonates met criteria for the diagnosis of neonatal ARDS. The median prevalence was 1.5% of neonatal ICU admissions with male/female ratio of 1.5. […] Prevalence and survival of neonatal ARDS are similar to those of pediatric ARDS. The neonatal ARDS subtypes used in the current definition may be associated with distinct clinical outcomes and a different distribution for term and preterm neonates.

• #11

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02823875

  The present prospective study was conducted to find out the incidence, etiology and outcome of respiratory distress (RD) in newborns. All newborns (n=4505), delivered at this hospital over a period of 13 months, were observed for respiratory problems. The overall incidence of RD was 6.7%. Preterm babies had the highest incidence (30.0%) followed by post-term (20.9%) and term babies (4.2%). Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) was found to be the commonest (42.7%) cause of RD followed by infection (17.0%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.7%), hyaline membrane disease (9.3%) and birth asphyxia (3.3%). Overall case fatality ratio for RD was found to be 19%, being highest for HMD (57.1%), followed by MAS (21.8%) and infection (15.6%). Our results indicate that RD is a common neonatal problem. […] TTN accounts for a large proportion of these cases. MAS and infection also contribute significantly and are largely preventable. Without adequate ventilatory support HMD and MAS carry high mortality.

• #12 Respiratory Distress in the Newborn | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p987.html

  The most common etiology of neonatal respiratory distress is transient tachypnea of the newborn; this is triggered by excessive lung fluid, and symptoms usually resolve spontaneously. […] Respiratory distress syndrome can occur in premature infants as a result of surfactant deficiency and underdeveloped lung anatomy. […] Prenatal administration of corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks’ gestation reduces the risk of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn when the risk of preterm delivery is high. […] Respiratory distress occurs in approximately 7 percent of infants, and preparation is crucial for physicians providing neonatal care. […] Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, also called hyaline membrane disease, is the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, correlating with structural and functional lung immaturity. It occurs in 24,000 infants born in the United States annually.

• #13 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560779/

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a frequent cause of increased morbidity and mortality in neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. […] The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. […] The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. […] The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth.

• #14 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

  https://patient.info/doctor/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  The incidence and severity are related inversely to the gestational age of the infant; a 2012 study showed 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had IRDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%. […] The incidence of IRDS decreases with: […] The use of antenatal steroids. However, there are uncertainties over the efficacy for some groups such as the very early preterm babies, late preterm babies and multiple gestations. […] Antenatal corticosteroids (dexamethasone) accelerate fetal surfactant production and lung maturation. They have been shown to reduce infant respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage and mortality by 40%.

• #15 Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/neonatal-respiratory-distress-syndrome/

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), or surfactant deficiency disorder, is a lung disorder in infants that is caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. […] It is most common in preterm infants, with the incidence and severity decreasing with gestational age. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Incidence: 1% of all newborns, 10% of all preterm babies. […] The risk of developing NRDS depends on gestational age.

• #16 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/37547

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, or RDS, is a common cause of respiratory distress in a newborn, presenting within hours after birth, most often immediately after delivery. RDS primarily affects preterm neonates, and infrequently, term infants. The incidence of RDS is inversely proportional to the gestational age of the infant, with more severe disease in the smaller and more premature neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. It is also the most common complication of prematurity leading to significant morbidity in late preterm neonates and even mortality in very low birth weight infants. The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. Other risk factors include white race, male gender, late preterm delivery, maternal diabetes, perinatal hypoxia and ischemia, and delivery in the absence of labor. The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. In one study of babies born between 2003 and 2007 at various National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network centers, 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had RDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%.

• #17 Infant respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  Seventy percent of babies diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome are born between 29 and 34 weeks of gestational age and are 55% more likely to be male. […] A study conducted at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network studied premature infants born between 22 and 37 weeks and the outcomes leading to IRDS. […] The incidence rate of IRDS for 24 weeks was 98%, for 34 weeks the incidence is 5%, and for 37 weeks the incidence rate was less than 1%. […] The results demonstrate that the incidence of IRDS increases with decreasing age at birth. […] According to a study from the University of Miami’s Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology, from the time range of 2003 to 2014, respiratory distress syndrome prevalence jumped from 170 per 1000 preterm live births to 360 per 1000 preterm live births nationwide in the United States.

• #18 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/976034-overview

  In the United States, respiratory distress syndrome has been estimated to occur in 24,000 newborn infants each year, the most common complication of prematurity. It is a complication in about 1% pregnancies. Approximately 50% of the neonates born at 26-28 weeks’ gestation develop respiratory distress syndrome, whereas less than 30% of premature neonates born at 30-31 weeks’ gestation develop the condition. […] Respiratory distress syndrome is encountered less frequently in developing countries than elsewhere, primarily because most premature infants who are small for their gestation are stressed in utero because of malnutrition or pregnancy-induced hypertension. In addition, because most deliveries in developing countries occur at home, accurate records in these regions are unavailable to determine the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome. […] Respiratory distress syndrome has been reported in all races worldwide, occurring most often in White premature infants.

• #19 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

  https://patient.info/doctor/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  The incidence and severity are related inversely to the gestational age of the infant; a 2012 study showed 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had IRDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%. […] The incidence of IRDS decreases with: […] The use of antenatal steroids. However, there are uncertainties over the efficacy for some groups such as the very early preterm babies, late preterm babies and multiple gestations. […] Antenatal corticosteroids (dexamethasone) accelerate fetal surfactant production and lung maturation. They have been shown to reduce infant respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage and mortality by 40%.

• #20 A nationwide survey on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the MUNICH survey in 394 Chinese hospitals | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01741-7

  At present, preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in China present higher mortality and morbidity rates than those in high-income countries. […] Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a prevalent pulmonary condition observed in preterm infants, and is primarily linked to insufficient pulmonary surfactant (PS) or underdeveloped lung structures. […] RDS affects approximately 30% of infants born between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, with the prevalence increasing to approximately 60% for those born before 28 weeks. […] The Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) reported a survival rate of 876%, with 518% of infants born at 32 weeks of gestation surviving without major morbidities. […] However, survival rates vary with socioeconomic status. […] In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), more than 90% of extremely preterm infants (EPIs, less than 28 weeks of gestation) do not survive beyond the first few days of life, with RDS being one of the most common causes of death, compared with the mortality rate of less than 10% in high-income countries.

• #21 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline Membrane Disease) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome-hyaline-membrane-disease

  Hyaline membrane disease (HMD), also called respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), is a condition that causes babies to need extra oxygen and help breathing. […] HMD is one of the most common problems seen in premature babies. […] The more premature the baby, the higher the risk and the more severe the HMD. […] HMD occurs in about 60 to 80 percent of babies born before 28 weeks gestation, but only in 15 to 30 percent of those born between 32 and 36 weeks. […] About 25 percent of babies born at 30 weeks develop HMD severe enough to need a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine). […] Although most babies with HMD are premature, other factors can influence the chances of developing the disease. […] The best way of preventing HMD is by preventing a preterm birth.

• #22 Management of respiratory distress syndrome in moderate/late preterm neonates: A Delphi consensus | Anales de Pediatría

  https://www.analesdepediatria.org/en-management-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-articulo-S234128792400262X

  Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most frequent cause of respiratory distress in preterm neonates. […] Its incidence is inversely proportional to gestational age, with a prevalence ranging from 60% to 80% in extremely preterm neonates. […] Nearly 85% of preterm births each year occur are moderate/late preterm births (32-36 weeks of gestation). […] Late preterm neonates are at higher risk of immediate mortality and respiratory morbidity, including RDS, and at higher risk of disorders in the long term, such as neurodevelopmental disorders, neurobehavioural disorders and educational problems. […] In preterm neonates, surfactant replacement therapy is essential for RDS management. In spite of this, there are no evidence-based recommendations for surfactant use in late preterm neonates.

• #23 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline Membrane Disease) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome-hyaline-membrane-disease

  Hyaline membrane disease (HMD), also called respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), is a condition that causes babies to need extra oxygen and help breathing. […] HMD is one of the most common problems seen in premature babies. […] The more premature the baby, the higher the risk and the more severe the HMD. […] HMD occurs in about 60 to 80 percent of babies born before 28 weeks gestation, but only in 15 to 30 percent of those born between 32 and 36 weeks. […] About 25 percent of babies born at 30 weeks develop HMD severe enough to need a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine). […] Although most babies with HMD are premature, other factors can influence the chances of developing the disease. […] The best way of preventing HMD is by preventing a preterm birth.

• #24 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560779/

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a frequent cause of increased morbidity and mortality in neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. […] The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. […] The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. […] The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth.

• #25 Infant respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is the leading cause of death in premature infants. […] Despite only 1% of all birth complications being attributed to respiratory distress syndrome, there is a significantly higher prevalence in prematurely born babies. […] Incidence rates of IRDS in premature infants born at 30 weeks of gestational age (GA) are at 50%, and rise even higher to 93% for infants born prematurely at 28 weeks of gestational age or younger. […] IRDS is diagnosed within hours of delivery and usually leads to morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. […] There are many risk factors that can potentially cause IRDS. […] The most common risks factors that can potentially cause IRDS include male gender, white race, late preterm delivery, maternal diabetes, perinatal hypoxia (exposure to low oxygen) and ischemia (decreased blood flow), and low birth weight.

• #26 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/37547

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, or RDS, is a common cause of respiratory distress in a newborn, presenting within hours after birth, most often immediately after delivery. RDS primarily affects preterm neonates, and infrequently, term infants. The incidence of RDS is inversely proportional to the gestational age of the infant, with more severe disease in the smaller and more premature neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. It is also the most common complication of prematurity leading to significant morbidity in late preterm neonates and even mortality in very low birth weight infants. The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. Other risk factors include white race, male gender, late preterm delivery, maternal diabetes, perinatal hypoxia and ischemia, and delivery in the absence of labor. The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. In one study of babies born between 2003 and 2007 at various National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network centers, 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had RDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%.

• #27 Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-problems-in-neonates/respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-neonates

  Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency in the lungs of neonates, most commonly in those born at 37 weeks gestation. Risk increases with degree of prematurity. […] Risk factors include multifetal pregnancies, maternal diabetes, and being a White male. […] RDS can be anticipated prenatally using tests of fetal lung maturity, which are done on amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis or collected from the vagina (if membranes have ruptured) and which can help determine the optimal timing of delivery. […] Prognosis with treatment is excellent; mortality is 10%. […] When a fetus must be delivered between 24 weeks and 34 weeks, giving the mother betamethasone or dexamethasone before delivery induces fetal surfactant production and reduces the risk of RDS or decreases its severity.

• #28 Increased risk for respiratory distress among white, male, late preterm and term infants | Journal of Perinatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/jp2011191

  Male sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 1.93) and White race/ethnicity (vs Asians (aOR 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.70), Blacks (aOR 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.87), and Hispanics (aOR 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.90)) independently increase risk for RDS regardless of GA. […] Male sex and White race/ethnicity independently increase risk for RDS in late preterm and term infants. […] The overall incidence of RDS in this cohort was 0.31% (n=895), with incidence in late preterm infants of 3.22% and in term infants of 0.12%. […] Our findings confirm and extend a recent, large population-based European cohort study of RDS risk factors, and are consistent with prior studies that found increased risk of RDS by week through 39 weeks of gestation.

• #29 Respiratory Distress in the Newborn | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p987.html

  The condition is more common in boys, and the incidence is approximately six times higher in infants whose mothers have diabetes, because of delayed pulmonary maturity despite macrosomia. […] The diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome should be suspected when grunting, retractions, or other typical distress symptoms occur in a premature infant immediately after birth. […] Chest radiography shows homogenous opaque infiltrates and air bronchograms, indicating contrast in airless lung tissue seen against air-filled bronchi; decreased lung volumes also can be detected. […] Treatment for respiratory distress syndrome often requires some of the general interventions mentioned. In addition, prenatal administration of corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks’ gestation reduces the risk of respiratory distress syndrome when the risk of preterm delivery is high, with an odds ratio of 0.53.

• #30 Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/respiratory-distress-syndrome/

  Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common cause of respiratory failure in the preterm infant. […] RDS is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the premature infant born after less than 37 weeks gestation. […] It is estimated that approximately 30,000 cases of RDS occur annually in the United States. RDS is the leading cause of death in preterm infants. […] About 50% of the neonates born at 26 to 28 weeks gestation develop RDS. […] RDS occurs more often in male babies and is usually more severe than in female babies. […] RDS is also more commonly seen in infants of diabetic mothers, white preterm babies compared with black preterm infants, and infants delivered by cesarean. […] RDS is also associated with low birth weight (1000 to 1500 g), multiple births, prenatal asphyxia, prolonged labor, maternal bleeding, and second-born twins.

• #31 Infant respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  Seventy percent of babies diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome are born between 29 and 34 weeks of gestational age and are 55% more likely to be male. […] A study conducted at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network studied premature infants born between 22 and 37 weeks and the outcomes leading to IRDS. […] The incidence rate of IRDS for 24 weeks was 98%, for 34 weeks the incidence is 5%, and for 37 weeks the incidence rate was less than 1%. […] The results demonstrate that the incidence of IRDS increases with decreasing age at birth. […] According to a study from the University of Miami’s Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology, from the time range of 2003 to 2014, respiratory distress syndrome prevalence jumped from 170 per 1000 preterm live births to 360 per 1000 preterm live births nationwide in the United States.

• #32

  https://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal/fulltext/2022/07000/epidemiology_of_neonatal_acute_respiratory.6.aspx

  Age-specific definitions for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are available, including a specific definition for neonates (the Montreux definition). The epidemiology of neonatal ARDS is unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of neonatal ARDS. […] A total of 239 neonates met criteria for the diagnosis of neonatal ARDS. The median prevalence was 1.5% of neonatal ICU admissions with male/female ratio of 1.5. […] Prevalence and survival of neonatal ARDS are similar to those of pediatric ARDS. The neonatal ARDS subtypes used in the current definition may be associated with distinct clinical outcomes and a different distribution for term and preterm neonates.

• #33 Increased risk for respiratory distress among white, male, late preterm and term infants | Journal of Perinatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/jp2011191

  Male sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 1.93) and White race/ethnicity (vs Asians (aOR 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.70), Blacks (aOR 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.87), and Hispanics (aOR 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.90)) independently increase risk for RDS regardless of GA. […] Male sex and White race/ethnicity independently increase risk for RDS in late preterm and term infants. […] The overall incidence of RDS in this cohort was 0.31% (n=895), with incidence in late preterm infants of 3.22% and in term infants of 0.12%. […] Our findings confirm and extend a recent, large population-based European cohort study of RDS risk factors, and are consistent with prior studies that found increased risk of RDS by week through 39 weeks of gestation.

• #34 Infant respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  Seventy percent of babies diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome are born between 29 and 34 weeks of gestational age and are 55% more likely to be male. […] A study conducted at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network studied premature infants born between 22 and 37 weeks and the outcomes leading to IRDS. […] The incidence rate of IRDS for 24 weeks was 98%, for 34 weeks the incidence is 5%, and for 37 weeks the incidence rate was less than 1%. […] The results demonstrate that the incidence of IRDS increases with decreasing age at birth. […] According to a study from the University of Miami’s Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology, from the time range of 2003 to 2014, respiratory distress syndrome prevalence jumped from 170 per 1000 preterm live births to 360 per 1000 preterm live births nationwide in the United States.

• #35 Infant respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  This study population’s duration under hospital care averaged 32 days in 2003, increasing by nearly a week to 38 days in 2014. […] Additionally, this study yielded average prevalence rates of 260 cases per 1000 livebirths from the years of 2003 to 2014, which coincided with the results yielded by a report from the Vermont Oxford Network in 2008 of 300 per 1000 livebirths.

• #36 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e253

  Advancements in neonatal care and extended insurance coverage have increased the use of PS replacement therapy for RDS. […] This, in turn, decreased neonatal mortality and the incidence of the associated complications. […] The appropriate therapeutic strategy for RDS should be decided according to the gestational age and lung pathology. […] The incidence of RDS is consistently increasing in term infants despite decreasing trends in the birth rates. […] RDS was prevalent in 0.34% of term infants in 2018 compared to 0.19% in 2014. […] The mortality rate associated with RDS significantly decreased and was reported to be 40.0% in 1990/1991, 28.7% in 1996, 18.7% in 2002, 14.3% in 2007, and 10.1% in 2010. […] The incidence of RDS among VLBWIs was 75.9% in 2018, which showed higher than our result based on HIRA database and Statistics Korea.

• #37 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e253

  Advancements in neonatal care and extended insurance coverage have increased the use of PS replacement therapy for RDS. […] This, in turn, decreased neonatal mortality and the incidence of the associated complications. […] The appropriate therapeutic strategy for RDS should be decided according to the gestational age and lung pathology. […] The incidence of RDS is consistently increasing in term infants despite decreasing trends in the birth rates. […] RDS was prevalent in 0.34% of term infants in 2018 compared to 0.19% in 2014. […] The mortality rate associated with RDS significantly decreased and was reported to be 40.0% in 1990/1991, 28.7% in 1996, 18.7% in 2002, 14.3% in 2007, and 10.1% in 2010. […] The incidence of RDS among VLBWIs was 75.9% in 2018, which showed higher than our result based on HIRA database and Statistics Korea.

• #38 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/976034-overview

  In the United States, respiratory distress syndrome has been estimated to occur in 24,000 newborn infants each year, the most common complication of prematurity. It is a complication in about 1% pregnancies. Approximately 50% of the neonates born at 26-28 weeks’ gestation develop respiratory distress syndrome, whereas less than 30% of premature neonates born at 30-31 weeks’ gestation develop the condition. […] Respiratory distress syndrome is encountered less frequently in developing countries than elsewhere, primarily because most premature infants who are small for their gestation are stressed in utero because of malnutrition or pregnancy-induced hypertension. In addition, because most deliveries in developing countries occur at home, accurate records in these regions are unavailable to determine the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome. […] Respiratory distress syndrome has been reported in all races worldwide, occurring most often in White premature infants.

• #39 A nationwide survey on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the MUNICH survey in 394 Chinese hospitals | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01741-7

  At present, preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in China present higher mortality and morbidity rates than those in high-income countries. […] Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a prevalent pulmonary condition observed in preterm infants, and is primarily linked to insufficient pulmonary surfactant (PS) or underdeveloped lung structures. […] RDS affects approximately 30% of infants born between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, with the prevalence increasing to approximately 60% for those born before 28 weeks. […] The Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) reported a survival rate of 876%, with 518% of infants born at 32 weeks of gestation surviving without major morbidities. […] However, survival rates vary with socioeconomic status. […] In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), more than 90% of extremely preterm infants (EPIs, less than 28 weeks of gestation) do not survive beyond the first few days of life, with RDS being one of the most common causes of death, compared with the mortality rate of less than 10% in high-income countries.

• #40 A nationwide survey on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the MUNICH survey in 394 Chinese hospitals | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01741-7

  At present, preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in China present higher mortality and morbidity rates than those in high-income countries. […] Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a prevalent pulmonary condition observed in preterm infants, and is primarily linked to insufficient pulmonary surfactant (PS) or underdeveloped lung structures. […] RDS affects approximately 30% of infants born between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, with the prevalence increasing to approximately 60% for those born before 28 weeks. […] The Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) reported a survival rate of 876%, with 518% of infants born at 32 weeks of gestation surviving without major morbidities. […] However, survival rates vary with socioeconomic status. […] In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), more than 90% of extremely preterm infants (EPIs, less than 28 weeks of gestation) do not survive beyond the first few days of life, with RDS being one of the most common causes of death, compared with the mortality rate of less than 10% in high-income countries.

• #41 Infant respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is the leading cause of death in premature infants. […] Despite only 1% of all birth complications being attributed to respiratory distress syndrome, there is a significantly higher prevalence in prematurely born babies. […] Incidence rates of IRDS in premature infants born at 30 weeks of gestational age (GA) are at 50%, and rise even higher to 93% for infants born prematurely at 28 weeks of gestational age or younger. […] IRDS is diagnosed within hours of delivery and usually leads to morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. […] There are many risk factors that can potentially cause IRDS. […] The most common risks factors that can potentially cause IRDS include male gender, white race, late preterm delivery, maternal diabetes, perinatal hypoxia (exposure to low oxygen) and ischemia (decreased blood flow), and low birth weight.

• #42 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neonatal | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688542/0.3/Respiratory_Distress_Syndrome_Neonatal

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a disorder primarily of prematurity manifested by respiratory distress. However, it can occur in early term neonates as well. […] Incidence: 90% incidence in infants born 28 weeks gestation. 1% all newborns, 10% of preterm infants. Inversely proportional to gestational age. Gender: male predominance. Eighth leading cause of infant death in the United States in 2021: 11.3 infant deaths per 100,000 live births.

• #43 Newborn Respiratory Distress | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1201/p994.html

  Newborn respiratory distress occurs in about 7% of deliveries.1 Respiratory distress syndrome, which occurs primarily in premature infants, affects about 1% of newborns, resulting in about 860 deaths per year.2 With increased survival of preterm and late preterm infants, management of respiratory distress in newborns has become challenging.3,4 Because early recognition improves the care of these newborns, clinicians must be familiar with its diagnosis and treatment. […] The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends pulse oximetry over physical examination alone to screen for critical congenital heart defects.53 Newborns should be screened before hospital discharge, but at least 24 hours after birth. The cost of treating one critical congenital heart defect exceeds the cost of screening more than 2,000 newborns, with 20 infant deaths prevented with screening.54,55 Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects is becoming standard practice before hospital discharge.

• #44 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e253

  Pulmonary surfactant (PS) replacement therapy, as a safe and effective treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may have further increased with the extended insurance coverage since 2011 in Korea. […] This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic data of PS replacement therapy for RDS in Korea and to analyze the complications associated with RDS. […] The average incidence of RDS within the study period was 0.99% among live births. […] The incidence of RDS in term infants markedly increased over 5 years from 0.2% to 0.34%. […] The RDS mortality rate was 6.3% and showed a decreasing trend according to year. […] A decreasing trend was observed in the incidence of the complications, such as patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, except for pneumothorax in term infants.

• #45 Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-problems-in-neonates/respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-neonates

  Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency in the lungs of neonates, most commonly in those born at 37 weeks gestation. Risk increases with degree of prematurity. […] Risk factors include multifetal pregnancies, maternal diabetes, and being a White male. […] RDS can be anticipated prenatally using tests of fetal lung maturity, which are done on amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis or collected from the vagina (if membranes have ruptured) and which can help determine the optimal timing of delivery. […] Prognosis with treatment is excellent; mortality is 10%. […] When a fetus must be delivered between 24 weeks and 34 weeks, giving the mother betamethasone or dexamethasone before delivery induces fetal surfactant production and reduces the risk of RDS or decreases its severity.

• #46 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e253

  Advancements in neonatal care and extended insurance coverage have increased the use of PS replacement therapy for RDS. […] This, in turn, decreased neonatal mortality and the incidence of the associated complications. […] The appropriate therapeutic strategy for RDS should be decided according to the gestational age and lung pathology. […] The incidence of RDS is consistently increasing in term infants despite decreasing trends in the birth rates. […] RDS was prevalent in 0.34% of term infants in 2018 compared to 0.19% in 2014. […] The mortality rate associated with RDS significantly decreased and was reported to be 40.0% in 1990/1991, 28.7% in 1996, 18.7% in 2002, 14.3% in 2007, and 10.1% in 2010. […] The incidence of RDS among VLBWIs was 75.9% in 2018, which showed higher than our result based on HIRA database and Statistics Korea.

• #47

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02823875

  The present prospective study was conducted to find out the incidence, etiology and outcome of respiratory distress (RD) in newborns. All newborns (n=4505), delivered at this hospital over a period of 13 months, were observed for respiratory problems. The overall incidence of RD was 6.7%. Preterm babies had the highest incidence (30.0%) followed by post-term (20.9%) and term babies (4.2%). Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) was found to be the commonest (42.7%) cause of RD followed by infection (17.0%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.7%), hyaline membrane disease (9.3%) and birth asphyxia (3.3%). Overall case fatality ratio for RD was found to be 19%, being highest for HMD (57.1%), followed by MAS (21.8%) and infection (15.6%). Our results indicate that RD is a common neonatal problem. […] TTN accounts for a large proportion of these cases. MAS and infection also contribute significantly and are largely preventable. Without adequate ventilatory support HMD and MAS carry high mortality.

• #48 Incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted at West Oromia Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022. Multi-centred institution based retrospective follow-up study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0289050

  Respiratory distress syndrome is the major cause of neonatal death. However, data on the mortality and predictors related to respiratory distress syndrome were scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of death among neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome in West Oromia Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022. […] The overall incidence of neonatal mortality was 59.87/1000 neonates-days observations (95%CI: 51.170.2) with a proportion of 152 (37.44%) (95% CI: 32.742.2). […] High mortality rate of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome was observed. Chorioamnionitis, perinatal asphyxia, low birth weight and multiple pregnancies increase the mortality hazard while administering antenatal corticosteroids decreases it. Thus, administering corticosteroids before giving birth and special emphasis on children with Chorioaminoitis, asphyxia, low birth weight and multiple pregnancies is important for reducing neonatal mortality.

• #49

  https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/5576

  Respiratory distress is most common cause of neonatal admission to NICU and has different etiologies with similar clinical presentation. […] Early diagnosis of specific cause for respiratory distress is very important as different etiologies have different specific treatment and require altogether different ventilatory strategies. […] Respiratory distress was more common in males 56.30%, frequency of prematurity was 68% and most common mode of delivery lower section caesarian section (LSCS) 69.10%. […] Common causes for respiratory distress in neonate were transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) (22.0%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (20%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (16.90%), sepsis (14%) and perinatal asphyxia (12%). […] The TTN was the most common cause of distress in term newborns, followed by perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, neonatal sepsis, and congenital heart diseases (CHD). Therefore, timely diagnosis and management of these conditions is very imperative to discharge an intact neonate from the NICU.

• #50 Epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress in newborns | Aleksandrovich | Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION

  https://www.vair-journal.com/jour/article/view/818/0?locale=en_US

  Respiratory distress of newborns is one of the most frequent causes of infant admission to intensive care units, the development of severe complications of the neonatal period and lethal outcomes. […] The objective was to study the epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress in newborns requiring intensive care measures. […] The most frequent cause of respiratory distress in newborns was respiratory distress syndrome in newborns (53%). […] The outcome of respiratory distress in newborns with adequate assessment of the severity of the condition and timely initiated evidence-based treatment is determined not by the main clinical diagnosis, but by the gestational age and severity of the infant condition at the time of birth.

• #51

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02823875

  The present prospective study was conducted to find out the incidence, etiology and outcome of respiratory distress (RD) in newborns. All newborns (n=4505), delivered at this hospital over a period of 13 months, were observed for respiratory problems. The overall incidence of RD was 6.7%. Preterm babies had the highest incidence (30.0%) followed by post-term (20.9%) and term babies (4.2%). Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) was found to be the commonest (42.7%) cause of RD followed by infection (17.0%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.7%), hyaline membrane disease (9.3%) and birth asphyxia (3.3%). Overall case fatality ratio for RD was found to be 19%, being highest for HMD (57.1%), followed by MAS (21.8%) and infection (15.6%). Our results indicate that RD is a common neonatal problem. […] TTN accounts for a large proportion of these cases. MAS and infection also contribute significantly and are largely preventable. Without adequate ventilatory support HMD and MAS carry high mortality.

• #52

  https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/5576

  Respiratory distress is most common cause of neonatal admission to NICU and has different etiologies with similar clinical presentation. […] Early diagnosis of specific cause for respiratory distress is very important as different etiologies have different specific treatment and require altogether different ventilatory strategies. […] Respiratory distress was more common in males 56.30%, frequency of prematurity was 68% and most common mode of delivery lower section caesarian section (LSCS) 69.10%. […] Common causes for respiratory distress in neonate were transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) (22.0%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (20%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (16.90%), sepsis (14%) and perinatal asphyxia (12%). […] The TTN was the most common cause of distress in term newborns, followed by perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, neonatal sepsis, and congenital heart diseases (CHD). Therefore, timely diagnosis and management of these conditions is very imperative to discharge an intact neonate from the NICU.

• #53 Epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress in newborns | Aleksandrovich | Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION

  https://www.vair-journal.com/jour/article/view/818/0?locale=en_US

  Respiratory distress of newborns is one of the most frequent causes of infant admission to intensive care units, the development of severe complications of the neonatal period and lethal outcomes. […] The objective was to study the epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress in newborns requiring intensive care measures. […] The most frequent cause of respiratory distress in newborns was respiratory distress syndrome in newborns (53%). […] The outcome of respiratory distress in newborns with adequate assessment of the severity of the condition and timely initiated evidence-based treatment is determined not by the main clinical diagnosis, but by the gestational age and severity of the infant condition at the time of birth.

• #54 A nationwide survey on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the MUNICH survey in 394 Chinese hospitals | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01741-7

  Efforts to standardize RDS management, including prenatal care, stabilization in the delivery room (DR), surfactant administration, and ventilation strategies, have led to the establishment of various guidelines and consensuses. […] Perinatal and neonatal care in China has significantly progressed, with neonatal mortality rate of 31 in 2021, closely aligning with the rates in high-income countries. […] Local guidelines and consensuses in China contribute to defining the criteria for RDS care and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) construction. […] National and regional neonatal networks are actively engaged in fostering quality improvements in participating hospitals. […] The MUNICH is a cross-sectional, nationwide online survey that aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of RDS care by collecting data from 394 neonatologists (hospitals) across China.

• #55 Infant respiratory distress syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome

  Seventy percent of babies diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome are born between 29 and 34 weeks of gestational age and are 55% more likely to be male. […] A study conducted at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network studied premature infants born between 22 and 37 weeks and the outcomes leading to IRDS. […] The incidence rate of IRDS for 24 weeks was 98%, for 34 weeks the incidence is 5%, and for 37 weeks the incidence rate was less than 1%. […] The results demonstrate that the incidence of IRDS increases with decreasing age at birth. […] According to a study from the University of Miami’s Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatology, from the time range of 2003 to 2014, respiratory distress syndrome prevalence jumped from 170 per 1000 preterm live births to 360 per 1000 preterm live births nationwide in the United States.

• #56 A nationwide survey on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the MUNICH survey in 394 Chinese hospitals | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01741-7

  Efforts to standardize RDS management, including prenatal care, stabilization in the delivery room (DR), surfactant administration, and ventilation strategies, have led to the establishment of various guidelines and consensuses. […] Perinatal and neonatal care in China has significantly progressed, with neonatal mortality rate of 31 in 2021, closely aligning with the rates in high-income countries. […] Local guidelines and consensuses in China contribute to defining the criteria for RDS care and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) construction. […] National and regional neonatal networks are actively engaged in fostering quality improvements in participating hospitals. […] The MUNICH is a cross-sectional, nationwide online survey that aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of RDS care by collecting data from 394 neonatologists (hospitals) across China.

• #57

  https://journals.lww.com/smj/fulltext/9900/epidemiology_of_neonatal_acute_respiratory.29.aspx

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute lung injury that manifests as pulmonary inflammation and oedema, resulting in hypoxaemic respiratory failure. […] A new definition for neonatal ARDS was proposed in July 2017. […] The aim of the Montreux definition was to increase awareness of severe respiratory failure in neonates, predict prognosis, guide uniform therapy, and allow for interdisciplinary sharing of knowledge and research to aid understanding of the epidemiology and treatment of neonatal ARDS. […] The primary aim of this study was to describe the incidence and outcomes of neonatal ARDS (by the Montreux definition) in a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). […] Only 0.7% of patients admitted for respiratory distress fulfilled the criteria for neonatal ARDS.

• #58

  https://journals.lww.com/smj/fulltext/9900/epidemiology_of_neonatal_acute_respiratory.29.aspx

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute lung injury that manifests as pulmonary inflammation and oedema, resulting in hypoxaemic respiratory failure. […] A new definition for neonatal ARDS was proposed in July 2017. […] The aim of the Montreux definition was to increase awareness of severe respiratory failure in neonates, predict prognosis, guide uniform therapy, and allow for interdisciplinary sharing of knowledge and research to aid understanding of the epidemiology and treatment of neonatal ARDS. […] The primary aim of this study was to describe the incidence and outcomes of neonatal ARDS (by the Montreux definition) in a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). […] Only 0.7% of patients admitted for respiratory distress fulfilled the criteria for neonatal ARDS.

• #59 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

  https://patient.info/doctor/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  The incidence and severity are related inversely to the gestational age of the infant; a 2012 study showed 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had IRDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%. […] The incidence of IRDS decreases with: […] The use of antenatal steroids. However, there are uncertainties over the efficacy for some groups such as the very early preterm babies, late preterm babies and multiple gestations. […] Antenatal corticosteroids (dexamethasone) accelerate fetal surfactant production and lung maturation. They have been shown to reduce infant respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage and mortality by 40%.

• #60 Respiratory Distress in the Newborn | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p987.html

  The most common etiology of neonatal respiratory distress is transient tachypnea of the newborn; this is triggered by excessive lung fluid, and symptoms usually resolve spontaneously. […] Respiratory distress syndrome can occur in premature infants as a result of surfactant deficiency and underdeveloped lung anatomy. […] Prenatal administration of corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks’ gestation reduces the risk of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn when the risk of preterm delivery is high. […] Respiratory distress occurs in approximately 7 percent of infants, and preparation is crucial for physicians providing neonatal care. […] Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, also called hyaline membrane disease, is the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, correlating with structural and functional lung immaturity. It occurs in 24,000 infants born in the United States annually.

• #61 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Things to Consider and Ways to Manage | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70806

  Recently published studies have mentioned a new factor for early detection and prediction of NRDS in premature infants. […] Previous studies have reported a remarkable diagnostic value for chest radiographs. […] Lung ultrasound has been widely used as an accurate diagnostic tool according to published clinical studies. […] Mechanical ventilation is the most commonly applied treatment method for NRDS in clinical practice. […] Noninvasive respiratory support methods such as nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) are being used more commonly as the initial ways of management. […] Pathophysiology of NRDS (inadequate production of pulmonary surfactant in premature infants) was first discovered by Avery and Mead in 1959, which resulted in changing the former name of the disease hyaline membrane disease.

• #62 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Things to Consider and Ways to Manage | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70806

  Lack of pulmonary surfactant is the main result of NRDS; so, prescription of pulmonary surfactant can augment respiratory function and pulmonary compliance resulting in elevated oxyhemoglobin level. […] Recently, in addition to the common INSURE method, a new method has come up and is getting more popular. […] Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is one of the major causes of premature death; however, a notable part of the survivors may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia and suffer from chronic pulmonary diseases. […] Prognosis of RDS is highly related to the treatment and management methods, which have been being developed since their discovery. […] According to high prevalence and clinical importance of NRDS, seeking new methods of diagnosis and treatment is of a high importance.

• #63 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e253

  Pulmonary surfactant (PS) replacement therapy, as a safe and effective treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may have further increased with the extended insurance coverage since 2011 in Korea. […] This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic data of PS replacement therapy for RDS in Korea and to analyze the complications associated with RDS. […] The average incidence of RDS within the study period was 0.99% among live births. […] The incidence of RDS in term infants markedly increased over 5 years from 0.2% to 0.34%. […] The RDS mortality rate was 6.3% and showed a decreasing trend according to year. […] A decreasing trend was observed in the incidence of the complications, such as patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, except for pneumothorax in term infants.

• #64 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560779/

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a frequent cause of increased morbidity and mortality in neonates. […] As the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, RDS occurs in about 24,000 infants born in the United States annually. […] The exact definition of RDS is imprecise, thus requiring a careful analysis of statistical data. […] The most important risk factors are prematurity and low birth weight. […] The incidence of RDS increases with decreasing gestational age at birth.

• #65

  https://journals.lww.com/smj/fulltext/9900/epidemiology_of_neonatal_acute_respiratory.29.aspx

  The incidence of neonatal ARDS was reported to be between 1% and 5% in a multicentre international study and was highest among term infants, which is consistent with our study. […] The Montreux definition is a relatively new definition with a complex definition to fulfil; thus, many clinicians may not be aware of this diagnosis, making neonatal ARDS underrecognised and underdiagnosed. […] Given that the incidence of neonatal ARDS by the Montreux definition is low, the impact of this proposed definition on clinical management and outcomes remains to be seen.

• #66 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e253

  The burden of RDS in the near-term and term infants has been recently highlighted, and an increasing number of studies have suggested that the clinical presentation in the near-term and term infants may be different from that observed in the very preterm infants. […] The diagnosis of RDS is based on the decision by neonatologists according to the clinical manifestations and chest X-ray findings. […] The advances in neonatal care and extended insurance coverage have increased the use of surfactant replacement therapy for RDS, and this, in turn, has decreased the neonatal mortality rate.

• #67 Management of respiratory distress syndrome in moderate/late preterm neonates: A Delphi consensus | Anales de Pediatría

  https://www.analesdepediatria.org/en-management-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-articulo-S234128792400262X

  All respondents agreed that moderate/late preterm neonates are at higher risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to term neonates, particularly respiratory problems. […] Most neonatologists agreed that all late preterm neonates with perinatal risk factors or complications in the neonatal period need more specialized monitoring in hospital-based follow-up visits. […] All respondents agreed that there was a lack of large-scope longitudinal population-based studies identifying factors associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in moderate/late preterm neonates and pre- and postnatal risk factors that increase the likelihood of impaired lung function in school age.

• #68 Clusters of preterm live births and respiratory distress syndrome-associated neonatal deaths: spatial distribution and cooccurrence patterns | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-13629-4

  Prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are strongly associated. RDS continues to be an important contributor to neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify clusters of preterm live births and RDS-associated neonatal deaths, and their cooccurrence pattern in So Paulo State, Brazil, between 2004 and 2015. […] In Brazil, an upper middle-income country, RDS rate among infants with 24-34 weeks of gestational age delivered in tertiary centers located in the South, Southeast, and Northeast regions of the country, was 49.8% in 2011-2013. […] Considering RDS incidence and mortality among preterm infants, and the neonatal mortality variation across the state, it is possible that the distribution of RDS-associated neonatal deaths in preterm live births also varies among So Paulo State municipalities. Identification of these variations in RDS-associated neonatal mortality throughout the state may help to design public health policies for the prevention and management of the disease, contributing to decrease the burden of prematurity as a cause of neonatal deaths across the State.

• #69 Clusters of preterm live births and respiratory distress syndrome-associated neonatal deaths: spatial distribution and cooccurrence patterns | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-13629-4

  The present study identified across So Paulo State, Brazil, clusters of preterm live births and RDS-associated neonatal deaths, with a negative correlation between both rates, suggesting asynchrony in perinatal healthcare. The occurrence of clusters with high preterm live births and low RDS-associated neonatal deaths may be interpreted as referral areas for perinatal healthcare. Clusters of low preterm live births and high RDS-associated neonatal deaths suggest the need for public health attention to improve perinatal maternal and neonatal care.

• #70 Incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted at West Oromia Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022. Multi-centred institution based retrospective follow-up study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0289050

  According to WHO 2019 report, Ethiopia ranks among the top five countries with the highest number of neonatal deaths when RDS is the major contributor. […] The incidence of mortality from respiratory distress syndrome was found to be high. Perinatal asphyxia, multiple pregnancy, very low and low birth weight and Chorioaminoitis were statistically significant predictors of mortality when antenatal corticosteroid administration is a significant protective against mortality from RDS.

• #71 Epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress in newborns | Aleksandrovich | Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION

  https://www.vair-journal.com/jour/article/view/818/0?locale=en_US

  Respiratory distress of newborns is one of the most frequent causes of infant admission to intensive care units, the development of severe complications of the neonatal period and lethal outcomes. […] The objective was to study the epidemiology and outcomes of respiratory distress in newborns requiring intensive care measures. […] The most frequent cause of respiratory distress in newborns was respiratory distress syndrome in newborns (53%). […] The outcome of respiratory distress in newborns with adequate assessment of the severity of the condition and timely initiated evidence-based treatment is determined not by the main clinical diagnosis, but by the gestational age and severity of the infant condition at the time of birth.

• #72 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline Membrane Disease) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome-hyaline-membrane-disease

  Hyaline membrane disease (HMD), also called respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), is a condition that causes babies to need extra oxygen and help breathing. […] HMD is one of the most common problems seen in premature babies. […] The more premature the baby, the higher the risk and the more severe the HMD. […] HMD occurs in about 60 to 80 percent of babies born before 28 weeks gestation, but only in 15 to 30 percent of those born between 32 and 36 weeks. […] About 25 percent of babies born at 30 weeks develop HMD severe enough to need a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine). […] Although most babies with HMD are premature, other factors can influence the chances of developing the disease. […] The best way of preventing HMD is by preventing a preterm birth.

• #73 Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001563.htm

  Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a problem often seen in premature babies. The condition makes it hard for the baby to breathe. […] Most cases of RDS occur in babies born before 37 to 39 weeks. The more premature the baby is, the higher the chance of RDS after birth. The problem is uncommon in babies born full-term or later (39 weeks or after). […] Babies who are premature or have other conditions that make them at high risk for the problem need to be treated at birth by a medical team that specializes in newborn breathing problems. […] Taking steps to prevent premature birth can help prevent neonatal RDS. Good prenatal care and regular checkups beginning as soon as a woman discovers she is pregnant can help avoid premature birth. […] The condition often gets worse for 2 to 4 days after birth and improves slowly after that. Some infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome will die. This most often occurs between days 2 and 7.

• #74 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

  https://patient.info/doctor/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  The incidence and severity are related inversely to the gestational age of the infant; a 2012 study showed 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had IRDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%. […] The incidence of IRDS decreases with: […] The use of antenatal steroids. However, there are uncertainties over the efficacy for some groups such as the very early preterm babies, late preterm babies and multiple gestations. […] Antenatal corticosteroids (dexamethasone) accelerate fetal surfactant production and lung maturation. They have been shown to reduce infant respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage and mortality by 40%.

• #75 Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

  https://patient.info/doctor/infant-respiratory-distress-syndrome

  The incidence and severity are related inversely to the gestational age of the infant; a 2012 study showed 98% of babies born at 24 weeks had IRDS, while at 34 weeks, the incidence was 5%, and at 37 weeks was less than 1%. […] The incidence of IRDS decreases with: […] The use of antenatal steroids. However, there are uncertainties over the efficacy for some groups such as the very early preterm babies, late preterm babies and multiple gestations. […] Antenatal corticosteroids (dexamethasone) accelerate fetal surfactant production and lung maturation. They have been shown to reduce infant respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage and mortality by 40%.

Zobacz więcej