Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Factitious disorder imposed on self (Munchausen syndrome) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self-munchausen-syndrome

  Factitious disorder imposed on self is characterized by falsified general medical or psychiatric symptoms. Patients deceptively misrepresent, simulate, or cause symptoms of an illness and/or injury in themselves, even in the absence of obvious external rewards such as financial gain, housing, or medications. Early investigation of a possible factitious disorder can prevent patient self-harm as well as iatrogenic complications arising from unnecessary tests and treatments. […] This topic reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, assessment, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of factitious disorder imposed on self.

• #1 Factitious disorder | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/factitious-disorder?content_id=CON-20257474

  Because the cause of factitious disorder isn’t known, there’s no way to prevent it. Recognizing and treating factitious disorder may help avoid potentially dangerous tests and treatments that aren’t needed.

• #1 Factitious Disorders: What Are They, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9832-an-overview-of-factitious-disorders

  Theres no known way to prevent a factitious disorder. But seeking treatment sooner can prevent complications such as: […] If youre thinking about hurting yourself or someone else or have suicidal thoughts, contact a healthcare provider, call 911 or call or text 988 (Suicide Crisis Lifeline). If you feel like you or a loved one are in immediate danger, contact 911 or your local emergency services number.

• #1 Munchausen Syndrome (Factitious disorder)

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/munchausen-syndrome

  There is no known way to prevent Munchausen syndrome, but treating it as soon as you notice symptoms may help. […] Munchausen syndrome is difficult to treat, so a health care provider will most likely help manage the condition rather than trying to cure it.

• #1 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen Syndrome)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9833-munchausen-syndrome-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self

  Theres no known way to prevent this condition. However, beginning treatment as soon as you notice symptoms may help you achieve the best outcome. […] Factitious disorder imposed on self can be dangerous, even life-threatening. If you intentionally harm yourself or take medications for symptoms you dont have, you may experience severe side effects that can affect how your body functions. Undergoing unnecessary tests or procedures can also do more harm to your body than good. […] If you or a loved one are thinking about hurting yourself or have suicidal thoughts, contact a healthcare provider or call 988 (Suicide Crisis Lifeline). If you feel like you or a loved one are in immediate danger, contact 911 or your local emergency services number.

• #1 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen’s Syndrome) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Initial Treatment Measures, General Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291304-treatment

  Little can be done directly to prevent the development of factitious disorder. Because patients often do not regard the disorder as undesirable, they have little incentive to engage in activities to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with inauthentic illness behavior. […] Deterrence and prevention involve clear documentation of patients with a known history of factitious disorder (to be distinguished from blacklisting). Other measures that may be taken are described below. […] Although surveillance of persons with factitious disorder is not currently possible in the United States, there are steps that individual physicians can take to prevent excessive and unnecessary illness behavior. […] The research literature on medically unexplained symptoms makes it clear that such symptoms are strongly and linearly associated with increasingly severe anxiety and depression. Thus, even if only a small percentage of persons with unexplained medical complaints are destined to develop severe factitious disorder, psychological intervention for all persons with medically unexplained symptoms is fully justified.

• #1 Get the Facts on Factitious Disorders – AAPC Knowledge Center

  https://www.aapc.com/blog/46469-get-the-facts-on-factitious-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOor0VovmfFNbqWMxhPPsdmIJX9EujQajWA5QVJqERb3wzF1y67J_

  It has been estimated that unnecessary tests and waste of other medical resources caused by factitious disorder may cost the government as much as $40 million per year. To reduce the misuse of medical resources and to prevent harm to patients, psychotherapy may be used as a treatment to change the thinking and behavior of the individual with the disorder. […] Family therapy may also help in teaching family members not to reward or reinforce the behavior of the person with the disorder.

• #1 Factitious Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/factitious-disorders

  Preventative measures for factitious disorders include properly screening patients before medical procedures and educating healthcare professionals on the signs and symptoms of factitious disorders. […] Society can promote early intervention to prevent the development of factitious disorders by raising awareness about the disorder and its warning signs. […] Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in the prevention of factitious disorders. […] Measures that can be implemented to prevent the reinforcement of factitious symptoms include frequent follow-ups and close monitoring of patients, as well as providing them with psychological support and counseling services. […] To educate individuals about the dangers of factitious disorders and their prevention, healthcare professionals and organizations can provide informational resources such as online tools, pamphlets, and workshops.

• #1 Munchausen syndrome by proxy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001555.htm

  Recognition of Munchausen syndrome by proxy in the child-parent relationship can prevent continued abuse and unnecessary, expensive, and possibly dangerous medical testing.

• #1 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Factitious Disorders | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_76-1

  Factitious disorders imposed on the self or another are some of the most challenging conditions clinicians face. […] Treatment of factitious disorders incorporates several key goals. One is to avoid doing harm to the patient and to prevent the patient from doing harm to him/herself. […] With either of these approaches, it is important that the patient has an ongoing relationship with a primary caregiver who sees the patient at regular intervals and coordinates interventions to avoid harming the patient. […] Treatment requires at least temporary separation of the child from the abuser and psychiatric intervention to ameliorate the morbidity of these children.

• #1

  https://www.meetaugust.ai/en/library/diseases-conditions/view/factitious-disorder

  Factitious disorder is a condition where people act like they’re sick, even when they aren’t. The reason why someone develops this disorder isn’t fully understood, so there’s no known way to stop it from happening. However, if this disorder is identified and treated, it can help avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful medical tests and procedures. […] If you or someone you know is struggling with this condition, it’s crucial to seek professional help. Contact a healthcare provider or mental health professional for an evaluation.

• #1 Factitious Disorder : Know the Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

  https://medrechospital.com/atozdetail/factitious-disorder

  The factitious disorder has no recognised cause, hence there is also no known means to stop it. Early diagnosis and treatment of factitious illness may help prevent needless testing and treatments that might be harmful. […] People with factitious disorders frequently refuse to seek or accept treatment for the disease because they wish to play the sick part. However, a person with a factitious illness could consent to receive treatment from a mental health professional if contacted in a kind, nonjudgmental manner.

• #1 Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder imposed on self): definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-munchausen-syndrome/

  How to prevent Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder imposed on self)? […] There is no known way to completely prevent Munchausen syndrome. However, early intervention reduces the risk of severe complications. Recognizing warning signs, such as frequent unexplained illnesses or an intense preoccupation with medical care, allows for timely psychological support. […] While complete prevention remains uncertain, proactive mental health care and strong support systems lessen the chances of developing the condition.

• #2 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Factitious Disorders | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_76-1

  Factitious disorders imposed on the self or another are some of the most challenging conditions clinicians face. […] Treatment of factitious disorders incorporates several key goals. One is to avoid doing harm to the patient and to prevent the patient from doing harm to him/herself. […] With either of these approaches, it is important that the patient has an ongoing relationship with a primary caregiver who sees the patient at regular intervals and coordinates interventions to avoid harming the patient. […] Treatment requires at least temporary separation of the child from the abuser and psychiatric intervention to ameliorate the morbidity of these children.

• #2 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Factitious disorder | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/it/healtcare-library/con-20257474

  Because the cause of factitious disorder isn’t known, there’s no way to prevent it. Recognizing and treating factitious disorder may help avoid potentially dangerous tests and treatments that aren’t needed. […] Help from medical and mental health professionals is critical to prevent serious injury and even death when people with factitious disorder hurt themselves.

• #2 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen Syndrome)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9833-munchausen-syndrome-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self

  Theres no known way to prevent this condition. However, beginning treatment as soon as you notice symptoms may help you achieve the best outcome. […] Factitious disorder imposed on self can be dangerous, even life-threatening. If you intentionally harm yourself or take medications for symptoms you dont have, you may experience severe side effects that can affect how your body functions. Undergoing unnecessary tests or procedures can also do more harm to your body than good. […] If you or a loved one are thinking about hurting yourself or have suicidal thoughts, contact a healthcare provider or call 988 (Suicide Crisis Lifeline). If you feel like you or a loved one are in immediate danger, contact 911 or your local emergency services number.

• #2 Factitious disorder

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/f/factitious-disorder/?section=Symptoms

  Because the cause of factitious disorder is unknown, there’s currently no known way to prevent it. Early recognition and treatment of factitious disorder may help avoid unnecessary and potentially dangerous tests and treatment.

• #2 Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder imposed on self): definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-munchausen-syndrome/

  How to prevent Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder imposed on self)? […] There is no known way to completely prevent Munchausen syndrome. However, early intervention reduces the risk of severe complications. Recognizing warning signs, such as frequent unexplained illnesses or an intense preoccupation with medical care, allows for timely psychological support. […] While complete prevention remains uncertain, proactive mental health care and strong support systems lessen the chances of developing the condition.

• #2 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen’s Syndrome) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Initial Treatment Measures, General Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291304-treatment

  Prevention of factitious illness behavior can also be improved by implementing several relatively minor changes in the way primary care physicians manage cases. For example, the practice of assigning official medical diagnoses in the absence of adequate evidence should be sharply curtailed. Often, examination of cases of factitious disorder reveals that decisions to perform excessive diagnostic or treatment procedures were based on seemingly definitive, but incorrect, diagnoses.

• #2 Factitious Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/factitious-disorders

  Preventative measures for factitious disorders include properly screening patients before medical procedures and educating healthcare professionals on the signs and symptoms of factitious disorders. […] Society can promote early intervention to prevent the development of factitious disorders by raising awareness about the disorder and its warning signs. […] Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in the prevention of factitious disorders. […] Measures that can be implemented to prevent the reinforcement of factitious symptoms include frequent follow-ups and close monitoring of patients, as well as providing them with psychological support and counseling services. […] To educate individuals about the dangers of factitious disorders and their prevention, healthcare professionals and organizations can provide informational resources such as online tools, pamphlets, and workshops.

• #2 Factitious disorder – Project Semicolon a Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Organization

  https://projectsemicolon.com/mental-illness-conditions/factitious-disorder/

  Preventing factitious disorder is challenging due to its elusive nature. Early recognition and intervention, coupled with supportive therapy, may help individuals avoid unnecessary medical attention and provide them with healthier ways to seek attention and support.

• #2 Factitious Disorder, NOS – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder-nos

  There is no effective way to prevent Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (FDIOS) / Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIOA) from occurring. […] However, it is important to protect the victim from the FDIOA-affected individual.

• #2 Factitious Disorders: What Are They, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9832-an-overview-of-factitious-disorders

  Theres no known way to prevent a factitious disorder. But seeking treatment sooner can prevent complications such as: […] If youre thinking about hurting yourself or someone else or have suicidal thoughts, contact a healthcare provider, call 911 or call or text 988 (Suicide Crisis Lifeline). If you feel like you or a loved one are in immediate danger, contact 911 or your local emergency services number.

• #3 Mental Health: Factitious Disorders

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/factitious-disorders

  Can Factitious Disorders Be Prevented? […] There is no known way to prevent factitious disorders.

• #3 Factitious disorder imposed on self (Munchausen syndrome) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self-munchausen-syndrome/print

  Factitious disorder imposed on self is characterized by falsified general medical or psychiatric symptoms. Early investigation of a possible factitious disorder can prevent patient self-harm as well as iatrogenic complications arising from unnecessary tests and treatments. […] This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options.

• #3 Factitious Disorder – An Overview of the Condition & ICD-10 Codes

  https://www.outsourcestrategies.com/resources/factitious-disorder-an-overview-of-the-condition-icd-10-codes/

  As the exact causes of factitious disorder are unknown, there’s currently no known way to prevent it. However, early recognition of symptoms may help avoid unnecessary and potentially dangerous tests and treatment.

• #3 Factitious disorder | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20257474/

  Because the cause of factitious disorder isnt known, theres no way to prevent it. Recognizing and treating factitious disorder may help avoid potentially dangerous tests and treatments that arent needed. […] Help from medical and mental health professionals is critical to prevent serious injury and even death when people with factitious disorder hurt themselves.

• #3 Factitious Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/factitious-disorders

  Preventative measures for factitious disorders include properly screening patients before medical procedures and educating healthcare professionals on the signs and symptoms of factitious disorders. […] Society can promote early intervention to prevent the development of factitious disorders by raising awareness about the disorder and its warning signs. […] Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in the prevention of factitious disorders. […] Measures that can be implemented to prevent the reinforcement of factitious symptoms include frequent follow-ups and close monitoring of patients, as well as providing them with psychological support and counseling services. […] To educate individuals about the dangers of factitious disorders and their prevention, healthcare professionals and organizations can provide informational resources such as online tools, pamphlets, and workshops.

• #3 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen Syndrome)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9833-munchausen-syndrome-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self

  Theres no known way to prevent this condition. However, beginning treatment as soon as you notice symptoms may help you achieve the best outcome. […] Factitious disorder imposed on self can be dangerous, even life-threatening. If you intentionally harm yourself or take medications for symptoms you dont have, you may experience severe side effects that can affect how your body functions. Undergoing unnecessary tests or procedures can also do more harm to your body than good. […] If you or a loved one are thinking about hurting yourself or have suicidal thoughts, contact a healthcare provider or call 988 (Suicide Crisis Lifeline). If you feel like you or a loved one are in immediate danger, contact 911 or your local emergency services number.

• #4 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen’s Syndrome) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Initial Treatment Measures, General Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291304-treatment

  Little can be done directly to prevent the development of factitious disorder. Because patients often do not regard the disorder as undesirable, they have little incentive to engage in activities to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with inauthentic illness behavior. […] Deterrence and prevention involve clear documentation of patients with a known history of factitious disorder (to be distinguished from blacklisting). Other measures that may be taken are described below. […] Although surveillance of persons with factitious disorder is not currently possible in the United States, there are steps that individual physicians can take to prevent excessive and unnecessary illness behavior. […] The research literature on medically unexplained symptoms makes it clear that such symptoms are strongly and linearly associated with increasingly severe anxiety and depression. Thus, even if only a small percentage of persons with unexplained medical complaints are destined to develop severe factitious disorder, psychological intervention for all persons with medically unexplained symptoms is fully justified.

• #4 How Many Types of Factitious Disorders Are There?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_many_types_of_factitious_disorders_are_there/article.htm

  Factitious disorders are hard to identify and treat. Proper medical and psychiatric treatments are essential for preventing serious injury and even death. […] The initial goal of treatment is to alter the persons behavior and reduce their access to medical resources. Proper medical and psychiatric treatments are essential for preventing serious injury and even death.

• #4 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Factitious Disorders | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_76-1

  Factitious disorders imposed on the self or another are some of the most challenging conditions clinicians face. […] Treatment of factitious disorders incorporates several key goals. One is to avoid doing harm to the patient and to prevent the patient from doing harm to him/herself. […] With either of these approaches, it is important that the patient has an ongoing relationship with a primary caregiver who sees the patient at regular intervals and coordinates interventions to avoid harming the patient. […] Treatment requires at least temporary separation of the child from the abuser and psychiatric intervention to ameliorate the morbidity of these children.

• #4 Factitious Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://psychcentral.com/health/factitious-disorder

  It can be difficult to identify factitious disorder, which makes it challenging to prevent altogether. There are no significant predictive factors or early warning signs, so the focus is more so on preventing the behavior from worsening. […] If a loved one seems to be claiming illness more often, it could be a sign that theyre behavior is worsening and intervention may be needed.

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