Materiały źródłowe

• #1 CVD Prevention | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/prevention/

  Despite being largely preventable, cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes more than 20.5 million deaths every year. […] An estimated 80% of cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, is preventable. […] The main elements of CVD prevention are healthy diet, physical activity, avoiding tobacco, and knowing your numbers. […] Having a healthy, active lifestyle can help prevent CVD. […] According to the World Health Organization, as many as 80% of all heart attacks and strokes are preventable. […] The majority of deaths due to CVD are precipitated by risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, or diabetes, which can, to a large extent, be prevented or controlled through the consumption of a healthy diet, regular exercise and avoiding tobacco. […] Eating a healthy, balanced diet is crucial to maintaining a healthy heart and circulation system.

• #1 Preventing Heart Disease – The Nutrition Source

  https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/disease-prevention/cardiovascular-disease/preventing-cvd/

  When heart experts talk about prevention, they usually refer to one of three types: secondary, primary and primordial prevention. […] Secondary prevention aims to keep an individual at risk of heart disease from having a first heart attack or stroke, needing angioplasty or surgery, or developing some other form of heart disease. […] Primordial prevention involves working to prevent inflammation, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction from taking hold, and thus prevent risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, excess weight, and ultimately cardiovascular events. […] Five key lifestyle steps can dramatically reduce your chances of developing cardiovascular risk factors and ultimately heart disease: […] One of the best things you can do for your health is to not use tobacco in any form.

• #1 Heart Disease Prevention | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html

  Heart disease is the leading cause of the death in the United States. It is also a major cause of disability. But you can take steps to improve your health and help prevent heart disease. The first step is understanding your risk of heart disease. Your risk depends on many factors, some of which are changeable and others that are not. Learning about them and working on the things that you can change can lower your risk of heart disease. […] There are many heart disease risk factors that you can change. If you make these changes, you don’t just help protect your heart. You can also improve your overall health and well-being. […] Controlling your blood pressure. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. It is important to get your blood pressure checked regularly – at least once a year for most adults, and more often if you have high blood pressure. You can also take steps, including lifestyle changes, to prevent or control high blood pressure.

• #1 Heart Disease Prevention | Kettering Health

  https://ketteringhealth.org/services-treatments/heart-vascular-care/heart-disease-prevention/

  Kettering Health provides comprehensive treatment for all forms of heart disease. From medication management to surgical procedures, our care team works together to provide you with the care you need. And knowing how to prevent heart disease can help you avoid a costly procedure. There are several ways you can work to lower your risk. […] Our Approach to Heart Disease Prevention […] Certain risk factors increase your chances of developing heart and vascular disease. Some risk factors are things you can’t change like age and family history. Other risk factors can often be controlled with lifestyle changes and sometimes medications. […] Risk factors include the following: […] Age […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm […] Carotid artery disease […] Diabetes […] Family history of premature coronary heart disease

• #1 Preventing Heart Disease | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/prevention/index.html

  You can choose healthy habits to help prevent heart disease. […] By living a healthy lifestyle, you can help keep your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels normal and lower your risk for heart disease and heart attack. […] Choose healthy meals and snacks to help prevent heart disease and its complications. […] Eating lots of foods high in saturated fat and trans fat may contribute to heart disease. […] Eating foods high in fiber and low in saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol can help prevent high cholesterol. […] People with overweight or obesity have a higher risk for heart disease. […] Physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight and lower your blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. […] Cigarette smoking greatly increases your risk for heart disease.

• #1 Heart Disease Prevention | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html

  Keeping your cholesterol and triglyceride levels under control: High levels of cholesterol can clog your arteries and raise your risk of coronary artery disease and heart attack. Lifestyle changes and medicines (if needed) can lower your cholesterol. […] Staying at a healthy weight. Being overweight or having obesity can increase your risk of heart disease. This is mostly because they are linked to other heart disease risk factors, including high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Controlling your weight can lower these risks. […] Eating a healthy diet. Try to limit saturated fats, foods high in sodium (salt), and added sugars. Instead, eat plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. The DASH diet is an example of an eating plan that can help you to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol, two things that can lower your risk of heart disease.

• #1 Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A review of contemporary guidance and literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5331469/

  NICE recommend 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity per week, or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity. […] Stopping smoking is the single most cost-effective intervention in CVD prevention, and some benefits are seen within months of cessation. […] The AHA recommend the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet which is low in sugars and saturated fats, high in vegetables, fruits and whole grains. […] The ESC recommends switching from saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids, an increase in fibre, fruit, vegetable and fish intake as well as abstinence from alcohol and adherence to a Mediterranean type diet. […] Smoking has long been known as the major risk factor for CVD. […] All guidelines recommend cessation, with short and long-term benefits seen irrespective of length or intensity of smoking habit.

• #1 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  The strategic plan also introduced the concept of primordial prevention, which incorporates strategies to avoid developing adverse levels of cardiovascular risk factors in the first place. […] The central role of lifestyle factors in virtually all of these seven factors provides the overall framework for the current review. […] Physical inactivity represents a significant risk factor for CHD. […] Compared with those who are very physically active, the risk of CHD in sedentary individuals is 150% to 240% higher. […] The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report also emphasizes that physical activity significantly lowers the risk of adult weight gain and helps to control high blood pressure, while reducing the risk of developing hypertension in the first place. […] Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, many physicians are not encouraging their patients to exercise. […] The overall conclusions from the Physical Activity for Americans 2018 Advisory Committee emphasized that with regard to physical activity some was better than none and that those meeting the current guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week achieved 75% of the maximum benefits.

• #1 Heart Disease Prevention | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html

  Getting regular physical activity. Regular physical activity has many benefits, including strengthening your heart and improving your circulation. It can also help you maintain a healthy weight and lower cholesterol and blood pressure. All of these can lower your risk of heart disease. […] Limiting alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. It also adds extra calories, which may cause weight gain. Both of those raise your risk of heart disease. […] Not smoking. Cigarette smoking raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk of heart attack and stroke. […] Managing stress. Stress is linked to heart disease in many ways. It can raise your blood pressure. Extreme stress can be a „trigger” for a heart attack. […] Managing diabetes. Having diabetes doubles your risk of diabetic heart disease. […] Getting enough sleep. If you don’t get enough sleep, you raise your risk of high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Those three things can raise your risk of heart disease.

• #1 CVD Prevention | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/prevention/

  It only takes 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a week, to improve and maintain your health. […] Lowering your risk of overweight and obesity normally involves reducing the number of calories consumed from fats and sugars, increasing the portion of daily intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and nuts, and exercising regularly. […] If you stop smoking, your risk of coronary heart disease will be halved within a year and will return to a normal level over time. […] As with tobacco, there is no safe level for drinking alcohol, and the detrimental effects of alcohol far outweigh any potential protective benefits. […] Knowing your numbers is an important part of keeping your heart healthy. […] If you have a higher risk of developing heart disease or stroke, you may need to take medication to reduce your risk.

• #1 Prevention of heart diseases and conditions – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/heart-health/heart-diseases-conditions/prevention-heart-diseases-conditions.html

  Learn about the risk factors for heart diseases and blood circulation conditions. Find out what you can do to reduce your risk. […] You can reduce your risk for heart diseases and conditions by changing your lifestyle choices. This includes: […] You can help prevent heart diseases and conditions by: […] Quitting smoking is the single best thing you can do to improve your life and health. You will start seeing health benefits soon after your last cigarette. […] Compared to continuing to smoke, people who quit smoking after having a heart attack can reduce their chances of having another heart attack by as much as 50%. […] You may also need to be screened for it. This is especially important if: […] You can further reduce your risk for heart diseases and conditions by:

• #1 14 Strategies To Prevent Heart Disease

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17385-heart-disease-prevention-and-reversal

  If you drink, limit yourself to one or two drinks per day. Make sure you know how much alcohol counts as a drink. […] Make changes to how you eat. A dietitian can help you find changes you can make right away. […] Heart-healthy foods give you nutrients that support your heart. Healthy eating plans limit or get rid of ingredients that can raise your blood pressure or clog your arteries. […] Talk with your provider about what these numbers mean. If they’re not in the healthy range, discuss what you can do to improve them. […] Aim for blood pressure at or below 120/80 millimeters of mercury. Your provider might change your blood pressure goal depending on your age and medical history. […] Talk with your provider about what your ideal blood sugar and hemoglobin A1C numbers should be. Then, make a plan to meet your goal.

• #1 Strategies to prevent heart disease

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease-prevention/art-20046502

  People who don’t get enough sleep have a higher risk of obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes and depression. […] Ongoing stress can play a role in higher blood pressure and other risk factors for heart disease. […] High blood pressure and high cholesterol can damage the heart and blood vessels. […] Certain infections may lead to heart problems. For instance, gum disease may be a risk factor for heart and blood vessel diseases.

• #1 14 Strategies To Prevent Heart Disease

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17385-heart-disease-prevention-and-reversal

  Talk with your provider about what weight is healthy for you. […] Aim for 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity five days per week. […] Physical activity is important in preventing heart disease because it improves how well your heart pumps blood through your body. […] Follow your provider’s guidance on when and how to take your medications. […] If you face barriers to heart disease prevention, it’s a good idea to talk with your provider. […] Make an appointment with your healthcare provider each year. […] Keep your stress level low with workouts, meditation, yoga or music. […] Adults need seven to nine hours of sleep every night. […] You can do a lot to prevent or delay heart disease. […] It’s important to learn how to prevent heart disease and take whatever steps you can in that direction.

• #1 Preventing Heart Disease | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/prevention/index.html

  If you have high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes, you can take steps to lower your risk for heart disease. […] If you have high cholesterol, medicines and lifestyle changes can help reduce your risk for heart disease. […] If you have high blood pressure, your health care team might recommend some changes in your lifestyle, such as lowering the sodium in your diet. […] These actions will help reduce your risk for heart disease. […] You and your health care team can work together to prevent or treat the medical conditions that lead to heart disease. […] If you’ve already had a heart attack, your health care team will work with you to prevent another one.

• #1 Cardiovascular disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease

  Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease may be preventable if established risk factors are avoided. Currently practised measures to prevent cardiovascular disease include: […] Maintaining a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, a vegetarian, vegan or another plant-based diet. […] Replacing saturated fat with healthier choices: Clinical trials show that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated vegetable oil reduced CVD by 30%. […] Decrease body fat if overweight or obese. […] Limit alcohol consumption to the recommended daily limits. […] Stopping smoking and avoidance of second-hand smoke. […] At least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate exercise per week. […] Lower blood pressure, if elevated. A 10 mmHg reduction in blood pressure reduces risk by about 20%. […] Not enough sleep also raises the risk of high blood pressure. Adults need about 7-9 hours of sleep. Sleep apnea is also a major risk as it causes breathing to stop briefly, which can put stress on the body which can raise the risk of heart disease.

• #1 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  Lifestyle therapies, including proper nutrition and regular physical activity, are key therapeutic modalities to reduce the risk of CVD in individuals with diabetes. […] Regular physical activity is also vitally important for managing diabetes. […] The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that significantly increases the risk of CVD. […] Lifestyle therapies constitute the core intervention for individuals with the metabolic syndrome. […] Daily habits and actions profoundly affect the likelihood of developing CVD. Increased physical activity, proper nutrition, weight management, avoidance of tobacco, and stress reduction are all key modalities that both lower the risk of CVD and enhance quality of life. […] It is incumbent on physicians and other health care professionals to be leaders in identifying positive lifestyle measures as important strategies for lowering the risk of CVD or treating it if already present.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)

  Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioural and environmental risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and air pollution. […] Cessation of tobacco use, reduction of salt in the diet, eating more fruit and vegetables, regular physical activity and avoiding harmful use of alcohol have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. […] In addition, drug treatment of hypertension, diabetes and high blood lipids are necessary to reduce cardiovascular risk and prevent heart attacks and strokes among people with these conditions. […] The key to cardiovascular disease reduction lies in the inclusion of cardiovascular disease management interventions in universal health coverage packages, although in a high number of countries health systems require significant investment and reorientation to effectively manage CVDs.

• #1 Prevention of cardiovascular disease events in those with established disease (secondary prevention) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-events-in-those-with-established-disease-secondary-prevention

  Prevention of cardiovascular disease events in those with established disease (secondary prevention) […] Patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have a high risk of subsequent ASCVD events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death. For all patients with ASCVD, therapeutic lifestyle changes of proven benefit, which include increased physical activity, dietary modification/weight loss, and smoking cessation, improve outcomes, some beginning within a matter of weeks. Adjunctive drug therapies of proven benefit include statins and aspirin, whose benefits are at least additive. Additional measures include treatment of dyslipidemia and hypertension and management of diabetes mellitus. […] Management of dyslipidemia, particularly reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is essential in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We treat virtually all these patients with evidence-based doses of a high-potency statin and add nonstatin agents, such as ezetimibe or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, for LDL management when indicated. Management and treatment goals are discussed elsewhere.

• #1 Causes and Prevention of Heart Disease | Go Red for Women

  https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/causes-and-prevention-of-heart-disease

  It’s time to focus on finding and becoming the solution. Here’s what you need to know about the causes of heart disease and stroke — and ways you can prevent it. […] For women, certain life stages such as pregnancy or menopause may impact your cardiovascular health, making it even more important to understand the causes, your personal risk factors and how to prevent heart disease and stroke. […] The key takeaway is that with the right information, education and care, cardiovascular disease in women can be treated, prevented and even ended. […] In fact, the majority of cardiovascular events can be prevented through education and lifestyle changes. […] Here are the lifestyle changes you should make to live a longer, healthier life: Eat healthy, Stay active, Lose or manage your weight, Get healthy sleep, Manage your blood pressure, Manage your blood sugar, Lower your cholesterol, Don’t smoke.

• #1 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  These initiatives focus on reducing or treating CVD, largely through lifestyle endeavors, and also incorporate many of the principles from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 and the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2018. […] The current review attempts to summarize recent scientific literature related to how lifestyle habits and practices may be employed to lower the risk of CVD and frames this literature as lifestyle medicine. […] The Strategic Plan from the AHA for 2020, articulated the goal by 2020 to improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20%, while reducing deaths from CVD and stroke by 20%. […] The overall strategy was based on 3 pillars: (a) primordial prevention, (b) evidence that risk factors for CVD develop early in life, and (c) balancing individualized risk approaches with population level approaches.

• #1 Million Hearts®

  https://millionhearts.hhs.gov/index.html

  Million Hearts is a national initiative to prevent 1 million heart attacks and strokes within 5 years. It focuses on implementing a small set of evidence-based priorities and targets that can improve cardiovascular health for all. […] Million Hearts supports optimizing care by improving aspirin/anticoagulant use, blood pressure control, cholesterol management, and smoking cessation as well as increasing the use of cardiac rehabilitation. […] To help make communities strong and healthy, Million Hearts supports strategies for decreasing tobacco use, physical inactivity, and particle pollution exposure.

• #1 About the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention | National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/divisions-offices/about-the-division-for-heart-disease-and-stroke-prevention.html

  The WISEWOMAN (Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for WOMen Across the Nation) program works to reduce heart disease and stroke risk factors for women aged 35 to 64 years with low incomes and little or no health insurance. The program aims to help women understand and reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease and benefit from early detection and treatment. […] The program’s preventive services include blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes screenings. Women are counseled about their risk of heart disease and stroke and referred to lifestyle programs and other community resources that can help them control their blood pressure, eat a healthier diet, be physically active, and quit smoking. […] Million Hearts is a national initiative co-led by CDC and the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, with a goal of preventing 1 million heart attacks and strokes within 5 years. It focuses on a small set of priorities selected for their ability to reduce heart disease, stroke, and related conditions:

• #1 Preventing Heart Disease – The Nutrition Source

  https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/disease-prevention/cardiovascular-disease/preventing-cvd/

  Excess weight and an extra-large waist size both contribute to heart disease, as well as a host of other health problems. […] Exercise and physical activity are excellent ways to prevent heart disease and many other diseases and conditions, […] The best diet for preventing heart disease is one that is full of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, fish, poultry, and vegetable oils; includes alcohol in moderation, if at all; and goes easy on red and processed meats, refined carbohydrates, foods and beverages with added sugar, sodium, and foods with trans fat. […] Research has shown that sleep is an essential component of cardiovascular health. […] Along with these five practices, the American Heart Association recommends controlling cholesterol, managing blood sugar, and managing blood pressure as additional factors for improving and maintaining cardiovascular health. […] You can help prevent heart disease by doing five key things and making them into habits: […] Following a healthy lifestyle may prevent over 80% of cases of coronary artery disease,

• #1 Heart Disease – The Nutrition Source

  https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/disease-prevention/cardiovascular-disease/

  Prevention is possible. […] Atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction can be prevented. […] Although some types of heart disease have an unknown cause or are inherited at birth, the good news is that the most common conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure can be largely prevented by making healthy dietary and lifestyle choices. […] Compelling data from the Nurses Health Study show that women who followed a healthy lifestyle pattern were 80% less likely to develop coronary artery disease over a 14-year period compared to all other women in the study. […] A healthy lifestyle pattern may prevent more than 50% of deaths due to ischemic strokes, 80% of sudden cardiac deaths, and 75% of all deaths due to cardiovascular disease.

• #2 Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A review of contemporary guidance and literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5331469/

  Cardiovascular disease is a significant and ever-growing problem in the United Kingdom, accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths and leading to significant morbidity. […] The burden of cardiovascular disease can be ameliorated by careful risk reduction and, as such, primary prevention is an important priority for all developers of health policy. Strong consensus exists between international guidelines regarding the necessity of smoking cessation, weight optimisation and the importance of exercise, whilst guidelines vary slightly in their approach to hypertension and considerably regarding their approach to optimal lipid profile which remains a contentious issue. […] The INTERHEART study elucidated the effect of CVD risk factors including dyslipidaemia, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, whilst it demonstrated the protective effects of consumption of fruits and vegetables, and regular physical activity. These risk factors were consistent throughout all populations and socioeconomic levels studied, helping to establish the viability of uniform approaches to CVD primary prevention worldwide.

• #2 CVD Prevention | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/prevention/

  Primary prevention mainly targets people who are at high risk of CVD but who have not yet developed a cardiovascular condition. […] Secondary prevention targets people with established cardiovascular disease. […] Tertiary prevention targets people who are already affected by cardiovascular disease and who are already experiencing its long-term effects, and aim to increase life expectancy and improve quality of life. […] The aim of primordial prevention is to prevent CVD at a very early stage. […] Most instances of CVD can be prevented by addressing risk factors before they create health problems, such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and air pollution.

• #2 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  You’ve got to reduce your intake of saturated fat, avoid trans fat and get moving. […] High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. […] Try to be physically active every day. At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol. […] Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] Even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure, increase cardiomyopathy, stroke, cancer and other diseases.

• #2 Heart Disease Prevention | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html

  Keeping your cholesterol and triglyceride levels under control: High levels of cholesterol can clog your arteries and raise your risk of coronary artery disease and heart attack. Lifestyle changes and medicines (if needed) can lower your cholesterol. […] Staying at a healthy weight. Being overweight or having obesity can increase your risk of heart disease. This is mostly because they are linked to other heart disease risk factors, including high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Controlling your weight can lower these risks. […] Eating a healthy diet. Try to limit saturated fats, foods high in sodium (salt), and added sugars. Instead, eat plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. The DASH diet is an example of an eating plan that can help you to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol, two things that can lower your risk of heart disease.

• #2 Strategies to prevent heart disease

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease-prevention/art-20046502

  You can help prevent heart disease by following a heart-healthy lifestyle. Here are strategies to help you protect your heart. […] But you can take plenty of other steps to lower your risk of heart disease. […] Regular, daily physical activity can lower the risk of heart disease. Physical activity helps control your weight. It also lowers the chances of getting other conditions that may put a strain on the heart. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes. […] A healthy diet can help protect the heart, improve blood pressure and cholesterol, and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. […] Being overweight especially around the middle of the body raises the risk of heart disease. Extra weight can lead to conditions that raise the chances of getting heart disease.

• #2 Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0601/p919.html

  Substituting dietary saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk. […] Adults healthy enough to exercise should engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, or an equivalent combination, each week. […] Physically inactive adults should be counseled that any increase in physical activity is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. […] Muscle-strengthening activity at least twice per week in previously inactive adults is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. […] The DASH eating plan emphasizes a diet with high intake of fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts, and low intake of total and saturated fat and cholesterol.

• #2 Heart Disease Prevention | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html

  Getting regular physical activity. Regular physical activity has many benefits, including strengthening your heart and improving your circulation. It can also help you maintain a healthy weight and lower cholesterol and blood pressure. All of these can lower your risk of heart disease. […] Limiting alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. It also adds extra calories, which may cause weight gain. Both of those raise your risk of heart disease. […] Not smoking. Cigarette smoking raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk of heart attack and stroke. […] Managing stress. Stress is linked to heart disease in many ways. It can raise your blood pressure. Extreme stress can be a „trigger” for a heart attack. […] Managing diabetes. Having diabetes doubles your risk of diabetic heart disease. […] Getting enough sleep. If you don’t get enough sleep, you raise your risk of high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Those three things can raise your risk of heart disease.

• #2 Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A review of contemporary guidance and literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5331469/

  NICE recommend 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity per week, or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity. […] Stopping smoking is the single most cost-effective intervention in CVD prevention, and some benefits are seen within months of cessation. […] The AHA recommend the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet which is low in sugars and saturated fats, high in vegetables, fruits and whole grains. […] The ESC recommends switching from saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids, an increase in fibre, fruit, vegetable and fish intake as well as abstinence from alcohol and adherence to a Mediterranean type diet. […] Smoking has long been known as the major risk factor for CVD. […] All guidelines recommend cessation, with short and long-term benefits seen irrespective of length or intensity of smoking habit.

• #2 14 Strategies To Prevent Heart Disease

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17385-heart-disease-prevention-and-reversal

  You can do a lot to prevent or delay heart disease. You can start by changing what you eat and getting more physical activity. Avoiding tobacco products and limiting alcohol helps, too. Making small changes to your daily life can add up, giving you a healthier heart. Talk with your healthcare provider about a plan that works for you. […] Yes, in many cases, you can prevent heart disease or delay its progression. […] There are many things you can do to prevent heart disease. Some involve changes you can make in your daily life. In some cases, you may need medications, too. […] Tobacco use is the most preventable risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Quitting isn’t easy. But it’s one of the most important things you can do to protect your heart and blood vessels. If you use tobacco products, talk with your healthcare provider about how to quit.

• #2 Prevention of heart diseases and conditions – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/heart-health/heart-diseases-conditions/prevention-heart-diseases-conditions.html

  Learn about the risk factors for heart diseases and blood circulation conditions. Find out what you can do to reduce your risk. […] You can reduce your risk for heart diseases and conditions by changing your lifestyle choices. This includes: […] You can help prevent heart diseases and conditions by: […] Quitting smoking is the single best thing you can do to improve your life and health. You will start seeing health benefits soon after your last cigarette. […] Compared to continuing to smoke, people who quit smoking after having a heart attack can reduce their chances of having another heart attack by as much as 50%. […] You may also need to be screened for it. This is especially important if: […] You can further reduce your risk for heart diseases and conditions by:

• #2 CVD Prevention | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/prevention/

  It only takes 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a week, to improve and maintain your health. […] Lowering your risk of overweight and obesity normally involves reducing the number of calories consumed from fats and sugars, increasing the portion of daily intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and nuts, and exercising regularly. […] If you stop smoking, your risk of coronary heart disease will be halved within a year and will return to a normal level over time. […] As with tobacco, there is no safe level for drinking alcohol, and the detrimental effects of alcohol far outweigh any potential protective benefits. […] Knowing your numbers is an important part of keeping your heart healthy. […] If you have a higher risk of developing heart disease or stroke, you may need to take medication to reduce your risk.

• #2 Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A review of contemporary guidance and literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5331469/

  Having a body mass index (BMI)25 is a risk factor for CVD with lowest all-cause mortality seen at BMI 2025 but, due to increased all-cause mortality with BMI20,28 reductions below this level are not routinely recommended. […] Alcohol consumption is a controversial subject given the known sequelae of regular and excess alcohol use. […] The objective of CVD prevention is to reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events thereby reducing premature disability and morbidity whilst prolonging survival and quality of life. […] Primary prevention continues to evolve and with greater availability of long-term data comes improved understanding of the means by which we can reduce CVD risk.

• #2 14 Strategies To Prevent Heart Disease

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17385-heart-disease-prevention-and-reversal

  If you drink, limit yourself to one or two drinks per day. Make sure you know how much alcohol counts as a drink. […] Make changes to how you eat. A dietitian can help you find changes you can make right away. […] Heart-healthy foods give you nutrients that support your heart. Healthy eating plans limit or get rid of ingredients that can raise your blood pressure or clog your arteries. […] Talk with your provider about what these numbers mean. If they’re not in the healthy range, discuss what you can do to improve them. […] Aim for blood pressure at or below 120/80 millimeters of mercury. Your provider might change your blood pressure goal depending on your age and medical history. […] Talk with your provider about what your ideal blood sugar and hemoglobin A1C numbers should be. Then, make a plan to meet your goal.

• #2 How to Help Prevent Heart Disease At Any Age  | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/how-to-help-prevent-heart-disease-at-any-age

  Know your family history. Shake down your family tree to learn about heart health. […] Tame your stress. Long-term stress causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure that may damage the artery walls. […] Watch your weight. You may notice your metabolism slowing down in your 40s. […] Have your blood sugar level checked. […] Don’t brush off snoring. […] Eat a healthy diet. It’s easy to slip into unhealthy eating habits. […] Follow your treatment plan. By now, you may have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or other conditions that increase your risk for heart disease or stroke. […] Learn about PAD. Starting in your 60s, getting plenty of physical activity can help prevent peripheral artery disease (PAD) or improve its symptoms. […] Watch your weight. Your body needs fewer calories as you get older. […] Learn the warning signs of a heart attack and stroke.

• #2 Tip for Preventing Heart Disease

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/prevention

  According to the CDC, your risk of developing heart disease increases significantly if you have diabetes. […] Its important to follow your diabetes management plan, which may include taking medications and regularly monitoring your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. […] High blood pressure, or hypertension, may increase your risk of heart disease by increasing how hard your heart works to function. […] Its important to work with a healthcare professional if you have hypertension. […] Research suggests that high amounts of stress over long periods may be associated with heart disease. […] Reducing stress may help lower your risk for heart disease. […] Some ways to naturally strengthen your heart include exercising, eating a well-balanced diet, and managing your stress levels.

• #2 Cardiovascular disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease

  Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease may be preventable if established risk factors are avoided. Currently practised measures to prevent cardiovascular disease include: […] Maintaining a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, a vegetarian, vegan or another plant-based diet. […] Replacing saturated fat with healthier choices: Clinical trials show that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated vegetable oil reduced CVD by 30%. […] Decrease body fat if overweight or obese. […] Limit alcohol consumption to the recommended daily limits. […] Stopping smoking and avoidance of second-hand smoke. […] At least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate exercise per week. […] Lower blood pressure, if elevated. A 10 mmHg reduction in blood pressure reduces risk by about 20%. […] Not enough sleep also raises the risk of high blood pressure. Adults need about 7-9 hours of sleep. Sleep apnea is also a major risk as it causes breathing to stop briefly, which can put stress on the body which can raise the risk of heart disease.

• #2 14 Strategies To Prevent Heart Disease

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17385-heart-disease-prevention-and-reversal

  Talk with your provider about what weight is healthy for you. […] Aim for 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity five days per week. […] Physical activity is important in preventing heart disease because it improves how well your heart pumps blood through your body. […] Follow your provider’s guidance on when and how to take your medications. […] If you face barriers to heart disease prevention, it’s a good idea to talk with your provider. […] Make an appointment with your healthcare provider each year. […] Keep your stress level low with workouts, meditation, yoga or music. […] Adults need seven to nine hours of sleep every night. […] You can do a lot to prevent or delay heart disease. […] It’s important to learn how to prevent heart disease and take whatever steps you can in that direction.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/prevention/

  There are several ways you can reduce your risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), such as lowering your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. […] You should also try to avoid too much sugar in your diet, as this can increase your chances of developing diabetes, which is proven to significantly increase your chances of developing CHD. […] Regular exercise will make your heart and blood circulatory system more efficient, lower your cholesterol level, and also keep your blood pressure at a healthy level. […] If you smoke, giving up will reduce your risk of developing CHD. […] You have a greater chance of developing CHD if you have diabetes. You can help lower your risk of heart problems by being physically active and controlling your weight. […] If you do not have CHD but have high cholesterol, high blood pressure or a history of family heart disease, your doctor may prescribe medicine to prevent you developing heart-related problems.

• #2 Heart Disease Prevention | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html

  Heart disease is the leading cause of the death in the United States. It is also a major cause of disability. But you can take steps to improve your health and help prevent heart disease. The first step is understanding your risk of heart disease. Your risk depends on many factors, some of which are changeable and others that are not. Learning about them and working on the things that you can change can lower your risk of heart disease. […] There are many heart disease risk factors that you can change. If you make these changes, you don’t just help protect your heart. You can also improve your overall health and well-being. […] Controlling your blood pressure. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. It is important to get your blood pressure checked regularly – at least once a year for most adults, and more often if you have high blood pressure. You can also take steps, including lifestyle changes, to prevent or control high blood pressure.

• #2 Heart Disease and Stroke — Evidence-Based Resources – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-disease-and-stroke/evidence-based-resources

  Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Reducing Out-of-Pocket Costs for Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Services for Patients with High Blood Pressure and High Cholesterol […] Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Interventions Engaging Community Health Workers […] Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Team-Based Care to Improve Blood Pressure Control […] Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Clinical Decision-Support Systems (CDSS) […] Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring Interventions for Improved Blood Pressure Control When Used Alone […] Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Tailored Pharmacy-based Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence […] Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Interactive Digital Interventions for Blood Pressure Self-Management

• #2 Prevention of cardiovascular disease events in those with established disease (secondary prevention) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-events-in-those-with-established-disease-secondary-prevention

  Prevention of cardiovascular disease events in those with established disease (secondary prevention) […] Patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have a high risk of subsequent ASCVD events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death. For all patients with ASCVD, therapeutic lifestyle changes of proven benefit, which include increased physical activity, dietary modification/weight loss, and smoking cessation, improve outcomes, some beginning within a matter of weeks. Adjunctive drug therapies of proven benefit include statins and aspirin, whose benefits are at least additive. Additional measures include treatment of dyslipidemia and hypertension and management of diabetes mellitus. […] Management of dyslipidemia, particularly reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is essential in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We treat virtually all these patients with evidence-based doses of a high-potency statin and add nonstatin agents, such as ezetimibe or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, for LDL management when indicated. Management and treatment goals are discussed elsewhere.

• #2 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  Lifestyle therapies, including proper nutrition and regular physical activity, are key therapeutic modalities to reduce the risk of CVD in individuals with diabetes. […] Regular physical activity is also vitally important for managing diabetes. […] The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that significantly increases the risk of CVD. […] Lifestyle therapies constitute the core intervention for individuals with the metabolic syndrome. […] Daily habits and actions profoundly affect the likelihood of developing CVD. Increased physical activity, proper nutrition, weight management, avoidance of tobacco, and stress reduction are all key modalities that both lower the risk of CVD and enhance quality of life. […] It is incumbent on physicians and other health care professionals to be leaders in identifying positive lifestyle measures as important strategies for lowering the risk of CVD or treating it if already present.

• #2 Cox Health Plans – Heart Disease Prevention Tips

  https://www.coxhealthplans.com/blog/heart-disease-prevention-tips

  If you have high blood pressure, your health care team might recommend some changes in your lifestyle, such as lowering the sodium in your diet; your doctor may also prescribe medicine to help lower your blood pressure. […] If you have diabetes, monitor your blood sugar levels carefully. […] Your doctor may recommend certain lifestyle changes to help keep your blood sugar under control. These actions will help reduce your risk for heart disease. […] If you take medicine to treat high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes, follow your doctors instructions carefully. […] You and your health care team can work together to prevent or treat the medical conditions that lead to heart disease. […] If you’ve already had a heart attack, your health care team will work with you to prevent another one. Your treatment plan may include medicines or surgery and lifestyle changes to reduce your risk.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)

  Evidence from 18 countries has shown that hypertension programmes can be implemented efficiently and cost-effectively at the primary care level which will ultimately result in reduced coronary heart disease and stroke. […] Target 8: At least 50% of eligible people should receive drug therapy and counselling (including glycaemic control) to prevent heart attacks and strokes by 2025.

• #2 Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-disease-and-stroke

  Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, and stroke is the fifth leading cause. Healthy People 2030 focuses on preventing and treating heart disease and stroke and improving overall cardiovascular health. […] Heart disease and stroke can result in poor quality of life, disability, and death. Though both diseases are common, they can often be prevented by controlling risk factors like high blood pressure and high cholesterol through treatment. […] In addition, making sure people who experience a cardiovascular emergency like stroke, heart attack, or cardiac arrest get timely recommended treatment can reduce their risk for long-term disability and death. Teaching people to recognize symptoms is key to helping more people get the treatment they need. […] Increase the proportion of adult heart attack survivors who are referred to a rehabilitation program HDSD03 Developmental Increase the proportion of adult stroke survivors who participate in rehabilitation services HDSD05 Developmental Reduce coronary heart disease deaths HDS02 Improving Reduce stroke deaths HDS03 Getting worse Improve cardiovascular health in adults HDS01 Little or no detectable change

• #2 Cox Health Plans – Heart Disease Prevention Tips

  https://www.coxhealthplans.com/blog/heart-disease-prevention-tips

  The following healthy lifestyle tips can help reduce your risk for heart disease. […] Choose healthy meals and snacks to help prevent heart disease and its complications. Be sure to eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables and fewer processed foods. […] Eating foods high in fiber and low in saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol can help prevent high cholesterol. […] Limiting salt (sodium) in your diet can also lower your blood pressure. […] Limiting sugar in your diet can lower your blood sugar level to prevent or help control diabetes. […] Do not drink too much alcohol, which can raise your blood pressure. […] High blood pressure usually has no symptoms, so have it checked on a regular basis. […] If you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, also called hypertension, your health care team will measure your blood pressure more often to make sure you have the condition under control.

• #2 How to Prevent Heart Disease – San Diego – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/heart-care/heart-disease-prevention

  A group of people practice yoga to help prevent heart disease. […] No matter what your age, you can take steps to keep your heart as healthy as possible. By understanding your risk factors, making smart lifestyle choices and partnering with your Scripps physician, you can help prevent heart disease. […] Make healthy lifestyle choices and follow these lifestyle guidelines to help prevent heart disease. […] In addition to making healthy lifestyle choices, work with your physician to monitor your heart health and identify potential concerns.

• #2 Tips for Women to Prevent Heart Disease | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-women-prevent-heart-disease

  More women die from heart disease than from any other cause: about one in five American women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. […] You can take action now to reduce your risk. Resources from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration can help women of all ages learn how to use FDA-approved drugs and devices safely to prevent and treat heart disease. […] Many women do not realize that they are at risk for heart disease. Understanding that women may have unique risk factors and can present with non-typical symptoms is critical to fighting heart disease in women, said Dr. Kaveeta Vasisht, FDAs associate commissioner for Womens Health. […] The risk of heart disease increases for everyone as we age. For women, the risk goes up after menopause, but younger women can also develop heart disease.

• #2 Tips for Women to Prevent Heart Disease | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-women-prevent-heart-disease

  Here are some tips on how to reduce your risk and make informed decisions about your health. Even small changes can help. […] Nine out of 10 women have at least one risk factor for heart disease. Risk factors include: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, a family history of premature heart disease. […] Obesity also increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and pre-diabetes, which increases the risk of heart disease. With the exception of family history, you can modify the other risk factors to reduce your risk of heart disease. […] Manage current health conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Talk to your health care provider to confirm the best treatment plan. […] Do regular physical activity, and maintain a healthy weight.

• #2 About the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention | National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/divisions-offices/about-the-division-for-heart-disease-and-stroke-prevention.html

  The WISEWOMAN (Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for WOMen Across the Nation) program works to reduce heart disease and stroke risk factors for women aged 35 to 64 years with low incomes and little or no health insurance. The program aims to help women understand and reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease and benefit from early detection and treatment. […] The program’s preventive services include blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes screenings. Women are counseled about their risk of heart disease and stroke and referred to lifestyle programs and other community resources that can help them control their blood pressure, eat a healthier diet, be physically active, and quit smoking. […] Million Hearts is a national initiative co-led by CDC and the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, with a goal of preventing 1 million heart attacks and strokes within 5 years. It focuses on a small set of priorities selected for their ability to reduce heart disease, stroke, and related conditions:

• #2 Million Hearts®

  https://millionhearts.hhs.gov/index.html

  Million Hearts is a national initiative to prevent 1 million heart attacks and strokes within 5 years. It focuses on implementing a small set of evidence-based priorities and targets that can improve cardiovascular health for all. […] Million Hearts supports optimizing care by improving aspirin/anticoagulant use, blood pressure control, cholesterol management, and smoking cessation as well as increasing the use of cardiac rehabilitation. […] To help make communities strong and healthy, Million Hearts supports strategies for decreasing tobacco use, physical inactivity, and particle pollution exposure.

• #2 Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/phd/pchb/hdsp/

  The Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program (HDSPP) and its partners use a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to promote healthy lifestyles focused on preventing, identifying and controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels among New Mexican adults. […] Many CVD risk factors, such as high blood pressure, excess weight, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, smoking, and diabetes can be prevented or treated through behavior change and appropriate medication. […] Our mission is to improve the health of New Mexicans by implementing and evaluating effective strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention and management. […] This will reduce CVD-related illness, save lives and be a valuable investment in population health. […] You can greatly reduce your risk for CAD through lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication.

• #2 Heart Disease – The Nutrition Source

  https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/disease-prevention/cardiovascular-disease/

  Prevention is possible. […] Atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction can be prevented. […] Although some types of heart disease have an unknown cause or are inherited at birth, the good news is that the most common conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure can be largely prevented by making healthy dietary and lifestyle choices. […] Compelling data from the Nurses Health Study show that women who followed a healthy lifestyle pattern were 80% less likely to develop coronary artery disease over a 14-year period compared to all other women in the study. […] A healthy lifestyle pattern may prevent more than 50% of deaths due to ischemic strokes, 80% of sudden cardiac deaths, and 75% of all deaths due to cardiovascular disease.

• #2 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  While improvements in lifestyle measures have been cited as the major reason for the reduction in CVD in the past 20 years, major challenges remain. […] While almost half of the reduction in CVD between 1980 and 2000 has been attributed to improvement in lifestyle-related risk factors such as smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and better control of cholesterol and blood pressure, it is important to note that increases in obesity and diabetes moved in the opposite direction and could potentially wipeout the gains achieved in other lifestyle-related risk factors unless progress can be made on these negative trends. […] Despite overwhelming evidence that lifestyle factors significantly affect short- and long-term health and quality of life, it has been frustratingly difficult to help patients adopt these habits and practices. […] The AHA and the ACC have been leaders in promoting the power of lifestyle habits and practices as key factors in promoting cardiovascular health.

• #3 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  Daily habits and actions powerfully affect the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in general, and coronary heart disease, in particular. Regular physical activity, sound nutrition, weight management, and not smoking cigarettes have all been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of CVD. […] The American Heart Association estimates that only 5% of individuals follow all of these lifestyle factors as components of a strategy to achieve ideal cardiovascular health. […] The challenge to the medical and health care communities is to more aggressively incorporate this information into the daily practices of medicine. […] What each of us does in our daily lives profoundly affects the likelihood of developing chronic diseases, in general, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular. Thousands of studies support the concept that regular physical activity, maintenance of a proper weight, sound nutritional practices, and avoiding tobacco products all significantly reduce the risk of CVD. […] Despite the overwhelming evidence in support of positive lifestyle measures, progress in helping individuals incorporate these practices into their daily lives has been difficult to achieve.

• #3 Prevention of cardiovascular disease events in those with established disease (secondary prevention) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-events-in-those-with-established-disease-secondary-prevention

  Prevention of cardiovascular disease events in those with established disease (secondary prevention) […] Patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have a high risk of subsequent ASCVD events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death. For all patients with ASCVD, therapeutic lifestyle changes of proven benefit, which include increased physical activity, dietary modification/weight loss, and smoking cessation, improve outcomes, some beginning within a matter of weeks. Adjunctive drug therapies of proven benefit include statins and aspirin, whose benefits are at least additive. Additional measures include treatment of dyslipidemia and hypertension and management of diabetes mellitus. […] Management of dyslipidemia, particularly reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is essential in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We treat virtually all these patients with evidence-based doses of a high-potency statin and add nonstatin agents, such as ezetimibe or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, for LDL management when indicated. Management and treatment goals are discussed elsewhere.

• #3 How to Help Prevent Heart Disease At Any Age  | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/how-to-help-prevent-heart-disease-at-any-age

  Know your family history. Shake down your family tree to learn about heart health. […] Tame your stress. Long-term stress causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure that may damage the artery walls. […] Watch your weight. You may notice your metabolism slowing down in your 40s. […] Have your blood sugar level checked. […] Don’t brush off snoring. […] Eat a healthy diet. It’s easy to slip into unhealthy eating habits. […] Follow your treatment plan. By now, you may have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or other conditions that increase your risk for heart disease or stroke. […] Learn about PAD. Starting in your 60s, getting plenty of physical activity can help prevent peripheral artery disease (PAD) or improve its symptoms. […] Watch your weight. Your body needs fewer calories as you get older. […] Learn the warning signs of a heart attack and stroke.

• #3 Heart Disease Prevention | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html

  Getting regular physical activity. Regular physical activity has many benefits, including strengthening your heart and improving your circulation. It can also help you maintain a healthy weight and lower cholesterol and blood pressure. All of these can lower your risk of heart disease. […] Limiting alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. It also adds extra calories, which may cause weight gain. Both of those raise your risk of heart disease. […] Not smoking. Cigarette smoking raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk of heart attack and stroke. […] Managing stress. Stress is linked to heart disease in many ways. It can raise your blood pressure. Extreme stress can be a „trigger” for a heart attack. […] Managing diabetes. Having diabetes doubles your risk of diabetic heart disease. […] Getting enough sleep. If you don’t get enough sleep, you raise your risk of high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Those three things can raise your risk of heart disease.

• #3 Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A review of contemporary guidance and literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5331469/

  NICE recommend 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity per week, or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity. […] Stopping smoking is the single most cost-effective intervention in CVD prevention, and some benefits are seen within months of cessation. […] The AHA recommend the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet which is low in sugars and saturated fats, high in vegetables, fruits and whole grains. […] The ESC recommends switching from saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids, an increase in fibre, fruit, vegetable and fish intake as well as abstinence from alcohol and adherence to a Mediterranean type diet. […] Smoking has long been known as the major risk factor for CVD. […] All guidelines recommend cessation, with short and long-term benefits seen irrespective of length or intensity of smoking habit.

• #3 Heart-healthy diet: 8 steps to prevent heart disease

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/art-20047702

  Ready to start your heart-healthy diet? Here are eight tips to get you started. […] You might know that eating certain foods can raise your heart disease risk. […] Eating more fruits and vegetables also may help you eat less higher calorie food. […] Whole grains are good sources of fiber and other nutrients that play roles in heart health and controlling blood pressure. […] Limit the amount of saturated and trans fats you eat. This helps lower your blood cholesterol and lower your risk of a common heart condition called coronary artery disease. […] High blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease. Limiting salt and sodium is a key part of a heart-healthy diet. […] Create daily menus using the six tips listed above. […] If you follow these eight tips, you’ll likely find that heart-healthy eating is something you can do and enjoy.

• #3 CVD Prevention | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/prevention/

  Despite being largely preventable, cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes more than 20.5 million deaths every year. […] An estimated 80% of cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, is preventable. […] The main elements of CVD prevention are healthy diet, physical activity, avoiding tobacco, and knowing your numbers. […] Having a healthy, active lifestyle can help prevent CVD. […] According to the World Health Organization, as many as 80% of all heart attacks and strokes are preventable. […] The majority of deaths due to CVD are precipitated by risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, or diabetes, which can, to a large extent, be prevented or controlled through the consumption of a healthy diet, regular exercise and avoiding tobacco. […] Eating a healthy, balanced diet is crucial to maintaining a healthy heart and circulation system.

• #3 CVD Prevention | What We Do | World Heart Federation

  https://world-heart-federation.org/what-we-do/prevention/

  It only takes 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a week, to improve and maintain your health. […] Lowering your risk of overweight and obesity normally involves reducing the number of calories consumed from fats and sugars, increasing the portion of daily intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and nuts, and exercising regularly. […] If you stop smoking, your risk of coronary heart disease will be halved within a year and will return to a normal level over time. […] As with tobacco, there is no safe level for drinking alcohol, and the detrimental effects of alcohol far outweigh any potential protective benefits. […] Knowing your numbers is an important part of keeping your heart healthy. […] If you have a higher risk of developing heart disease or stroke, you may need to take medication to reduce your risk.

• #3 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  The strategic plan also introduced the concept of primordial prevention, which incorporates strategies to avoid developing adverse levels of cardiovascular risk factors in the first place. […] The central role of lifestyle factors in virtually all of these seven factors provides the overall framework for the current review. […] Physical inactivity represents a significant risk factor for CHD. […] Compared with those who are very physically active, the risk of CHD in sedentary individuals is 150% to 240% higher. […] The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report also emphasizes that physical activity significantly lowers the risk of adult weight gain and helps to control high blood pressure, while reducing the risk of developing hypertension in the first place. […] Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, many physicians are not encouraging their patients to exercise. […] The overall conclusions from the Physical Activity for Americans 2018 Advisory Committee emphasized that with regard to physical activity some was better than none and that those meeting the current guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week achieved 75% of the maximum benefits.

• #3 14 Strategies To Prevent Heart Disease

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17385-heart-disease-prevention-and-reversal

  Talk with your provider about what weight is healthy for you. […] Aim for 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity five days per week. […] Physical activity is important in preventing heart disease because it improves how well your heart pumps blood through your body. […] Follow your provider’s guidance on when and how to take your medications. […] If you face barriers to heart disease prevention, it’s a good idea to talk with your provider. […] Make an appointment with your healthcare provider each year. […] Keep your stress level low with workouts, meditation, yoga or music. […] Adults need seven to nine hours of sleep every night. […] You can do a lot to prevent or delay heart disease. […] It’s important to learn how to prevent heart disease and take whatever steps you can in that direction.

• #3 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent a Heart Attack | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention

  You’ve got to reduce your intake of saturated fat, avoid trans fat and get moving. […] High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. […] Try to be physically active every day. At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol. […] Eating too many calories and getting too little physical activity can increase your risk of becoming overweight or obese. […] Even modest weight loss (5% to 10% of body weight) can help reduce your risk. […] Diabetes greatly increases heart attack and stroke risk. […] Getting a good night’s sleep every night is vital to your heart health. […] Stress can lead to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or smoking more, overeating and not being physically active. […] Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure, increase cardiomyopathy, stroke, cancer and other diseases.

• #3 Tip for Preventing Heart Disease

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/prevention

  According to the CDC, your risk of developing heart disease increases significantly if you have diabetes. […] Its important to follow your diabetes management plan, which may include taking medications and regularly monitoring your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. […] High blood pressure, or hypertension, may increase your risk of heart disease by increasing how hard your heart works to function. […] Its important to work with a healthcare professional if you have hypertension. […] Research suggests that high amounts of stress over long periods may be associated with heart disease. […] Reducing stress may help lower your risk for heart disease. […] Some ways to naturally strengthen your heart include exercising, eating a well-balanced diet, and managing your stress levels.

• #3 Preventing Heart Disease – The Nutrition Source

  https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/disease-prevention/cardiovascular-disease/preventing-cvd/

  Excess weight and an extra-large waist size both contribute to heart disease, as well as a host of other health problems. […] Exercise and physical activity are excellent ways to prevent heart disease and many other diseases and conditions, […] The best diet for preventing heart disease is one that is full of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, fish, poultry, and vegetable oils; includes alcohol in moderation, if at all; and goes easy on red and processed meats, refined carbohydrates, foods and beverages with added sugar, sodium, and foods with trans fat. […] Research has shown that sleep is an essential component of cardiovascular health. […] Along with these five practices, the American Heart Association recommends controlling cholesterol, managing blood sugar, and managing blood pressure as additional factors for improving and maintaining cardiovascular health. […] You can help prevent heart disease by doing five key things and making them into habits: […] Following a healthy lifestyle may prevent over 80% of cases of coronary artery disease,

• #3 Heart Disease | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/chronic-disease-prevention/heart-disease

  In efforts to fight heart disease, The Georgia Department of Public Health is a proud participant in Million Hearts. […] This national public health initiative aims to prevent 1 million heart attacks and strokes by 2027. […] DPH is helping Georgians live a heart-healthy life by promoting evidence-based approaches to controlling CVD, commonly referred to as the ABCDES of heart health: […] To Prevent Cardiovascular Disease […] Know and control your blood pressure […] Aim for 30 minutes of physical activity each day (this can be broken into 5- or 10-minute bouts) […] Self-manage your diabetes […] Know and control your cholesterol and triglyceride levels […] Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables […] Choose lean meats rather than red meat […] Reduce your sodium intake […] Choose not to use tobacco products […] Maintain a healthy weight […] Limit alcohol consumption.

• #3 Heart Disease and Stroke — Evidence-Based Resources – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-disease-and-stroke/evidence-based-resources

  Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Mobile Health (mHealth) Interventions for Treatment Adherence among Newly Diagnosed Patients […] Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring Interventions for Improved Blood Pressure Control When Combined with Additional Support.

• #3 Heart Disease Prevention

  https://elsevier.health/en-US/preview/heart-disease-prevention

  Do not use any products that contain nicotine or tobacco. These products include cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and vaping devices, such as e-cigarettes. These can damage your heart and blood vessels. If you need help quitting, ask your health care provider. […] Work with your health care provider to find out whether it is safe and beneficial for you to take aspirin daily. Make sure that you understand how much to take and what form to take. […] Depending on your risk factors, your health care provider may prescribe medicines to lower your risk of heart disease or to control related conditions. […] You can take actions to lower your chances of developing heart disease. Work with your health care provider to reduce your risk by following a heart-healthy diet, being physically active, and controlling your weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol level.

• #3 Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-disease-and-stroke

  Increase cholesterol treatment in adults HDS07 Little or no detectable change Increase aspirin use for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease HDS08 Little or no detectable change Increase control of high blood pressure in adults HDS05 LHI label Baseline only Increase the proportion of adults whose risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was assessed HDSD07 Developmental

• #3 Preventing Heart Disease | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/heart-health/prevention

  Prevention is at the heart of our approach to cardiac care. […] To prevent heart disease and stroke, it’s important to know your risk factors. […] Prevention starts with you and were here to help. […] A heart-healthy lifestyle is a way of living that helps keep your heart and blood vessels healthy. This helps lower your risk of a heart attack and stroke. […] Making healthy changes can be tough, especially at first. […] Ask your doctor when you should have routine screenings. This is especially important if you have a family history of heart conditions. […] Some heart conditions run in families and can be passed down from your parents. This can increase your risk, so its important to know your family history. […] Your doctor may recommend genetic testing to help you find changes in your genes or chromosomes.

• #3 Tips for Women to Prevent Heart Disease | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-women-prevent-heart-disease

  Make heart-healthy food choices. […] Know daily use of aspirin is not right for everyone. Talk with a health care provider before you use aspirin to prevent heart attacks. […] If you smoke, try to quit. […] Talk to a health care provider about whether you can participate in a clinical trial for a heart medication or procedure. […] Menopause does not cause heart disease. But the decline in estrogen after menopause may be one of several factors in the increase in heart disease risk. […] Work with your health care provider to make a plan for your heart health.

• #3 Cox Health Plans – Heart Disease Prevention Tips

  https://www.coxhealthplans.com/blog/heart-disease-prevention-tips

  If you have high blood pressure, your health care team might recommend some changes in your lifestyle, such as lowering the sodium in your diet; your doctor may also prescribe medicine to help lower your blood pressure. […] If you have diabetes, monitor your blood sugar levels carefully. […] Your doctor may recommend certain lifestyle changes to help keep your blood sugar under control. These actions will help reduce your risk for heart disease. […] If you take medicine to treat high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes, follow your doctors instructions carefully. […] You and your health care team can work together to prevent or treat the medical conditions that lead to heart disease. […] If you’ve already had a heart attack, your health care team will work with you to prevent another one. Your treatment plan may include medicines or surgery and lifestyle changes to reduce your risk.

• #3 About the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention | National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/divisions-offices/about-the-division-for-heart-disease-and-stroke-prevention.html

  Million Hearts 2027 recognizes that heart disease and stroke are more common in populations that have a hard time being healthy because of conditions where they live, learn, work, and play. In response, it has developed specific policies, processes, and practices to address these social determinants of health. […] For more than 8 years, Million Hearts and the National Association of Community Health Centers have trained more than 1,400 clinicians and developed more than 50 tools and resources. These efforts have helped more than 700,000 patients lower their risk for heart attack or stroke by improving the control of high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

• #3 Heart Disease Prevention Activities

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/cardiovascular/heart_disease/prevention_activities.htm

  Heart Disease Prevention Activities […] The New York State Department of Health works with many partners and contractors to develop and implement a range of heart disease and stroke prevention programs in community and health care settings. […] NYSDOH is working to prevent and control hypertension by supporting the implementation and spread of the evidence-based strategies promoted by the Million Hearts initiative and CDC and through targeted health system interventions. […] NYSDOH works with food service directors to reduce sodium by encouraging worksites, schools, retail stores, hospitals, and other institutions to increase the availability of and promote consumption of lower-sodium foods. […] NYSDOH is working to prevent and control diabetes by promoting and spreading the National Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetes Self-Management Education, and Diabetes Self-Management Programs.

• #3 Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A review of contemporary guidance and literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5331469/

  Cardiovascular disease is a significant and ever-growing problem in the United Kingdom, accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths and leading to significant morbidity. […] The burden of cardiovascular disease can be ameliorated by careful risk reduction and, as such, primary prevention is an important priority for all developers of health policy. Strong consensus exists between international guidelines regarding the necessity of smoking cessation, weight optimisation and the importance of exercise, whilst guidelines vary slightly in their approach to hypertension and considerably regarding their approach to optimal lipid profile which remains a contentious issue. […] The INTERHEART study elucidated the effect of CVD risk factors including dyslipidaemia, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, whilst it demonstrated the protective effects of consumption of fruits and vegetables, and regular physical activity. These risk factors were consistent throughout all populations and socioeconomic levels studied, helping to establish the viability of uniform approaches to CVD primary prevention worldwide.

• #3 Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378495/

  While improvements in lifestyle measures have been cited as the major reason for the reduction in CVD in the past 20 years, major challenges remain. […] While almost half of the reduction in CVD between 1980 and 2000 has been attributed to improvement in lifestyle-related risk factors such as smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and better control of cholesterol and blood pressure, it is important to note that increases in obesity and diabetes moved in the opposite direction and could potentially wipeout the gains achieved in other lifestyle-related risk factors unless progress can be made on these negative trends. […] Despite overwhelming evidence that lifestyle factors significantly affect short- and long-term health and quality of life, it has been frustratingly difficult to help patients adopt these habits and practices. […] The AHA and the ACC have been leaders in promoting the power of lifestyle habits and practices as key factors in promoting cardiovascular health.

• #4 Strategies to prevent heart disease

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease-prevention/art-20046502

  You can help prevent heart disease by following a heart-healthy lifestyle. Here are strategies to help you protect your heart. […] But you can take plenty of other steps to lower your risk of heart disease. […] Regular, daily physical activity can lower the risk of heart disease. Physical activity helps control your weight. It also lowers the chances of getting other conditions that may put a strain on the heart. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes. […] A healthy diet can help protect the heart, improve blood pressure and cholesterol, and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. […] Being overweight especially around the middle of the body raises the risk of heart disease. Extra weight can lead to conditions that raise the chances of getting heart disease.

• #4 14 Strategies To Prevent Heart Disease

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17385-heart-disease-prevention-and-reversal

  If you drink, limit yourself to one or two drinks per day. Make sure you know how much alcohol counts as a drink. […] Make changes to how you eat. A dietitian can help you find changes you can make right away. […] Heart-healthy foods give you nutrients that support your heart. Healthy eating plans limit or get rid of ingredients that can raise your blood pressure or clog your arteries. […] Talk with your provider about what these numbers mean. If they’re not in the healthy range, discuss what you can do to improve them. […] Aim for blood pressure at or below 120/80 millimeters of mercury. Your provider might change your blood pressure goal depending on your age and medical history. […] Talk with your provider about what your ideal blood sugar and hemoglobin A1C numbers should be. Then, make a plan to meet your goal.

• #5 Strategies to prevent heart disease

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease-prevention/art-20046502

  People who don’t get enough sleep have a higher risk of obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes and depression. […] Ongoing stress can play a role in higher blood pressure and other risk factors for heart disease. […] High blood pressure and high cholesterol can damage the heart and blood vessels. […] Certain infections may lead to heart problems. For instance, gum disease may be a risk factor for heart and blood vessel diseases.

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