Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Personality Disorders: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9636-personality-disorders-overview

  At this time, theres no known way to prevent personality disorders, but many of the related problems might be lessened with treatment. […] Seeking help as soon as symptoms appear can help decrease the disruption to the persons life, family and friendships.

• #1 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  Preventive approaches can be divided into two categories: primary prevention, which focuses on preventing the onset of the disease, and secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection and interventions. Tertiary prevention refers to the management of the disease already diagnosed to prevent the development of complications. This last aspect has been discussed earlier in the current paper. […] Several programs of secondary prevention have been developed for adolescents with BPD. As developed by Chanen et al., their common principle is to prioritize early interventions, even when BPD cannot be fully diagnosed with regards to the current criteria. As an example, the HYPE clinic program (Helping Young People Early) is a specific service model designed to take care of adolescents at risk for BPD. The inclusion cut-off is set at three criteria (or two criteria plus a risk factor) to be enrolled in the program. A randomized clinical trial including 139 adolescents with BPD compared three forms of early interventions over 12 months: HYPE + specific therapy, HYPE + befriending therapy, or a general youth mental health service + befriending therapy. As a result, early intervention was effective, did require specific youth-oriented clinical case management and psychiatric care, but was not dependent on specific individual psychotherapy. As reviewed by the Australian NHMRC and NICE in the UK, preventive programs are generally recommended for BPD.

• #1 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: current status and recent evidence | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/prevention-and-early-intervention-for-borderline-personality-disorder-current-status-and-recent-evidence/B4207F79D92BD14CEAD009494F6D9D4D

  The data reviewed above suggest that indicated prevention is currently the best bet for prevention of BPD. […] Early detection and intervention for BPD are now justified and practical in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and novel early intervention programmes have been developed and researched in Australia and The Netherlands. […] Despite evidence of sufficient reliability and validity for the BPD diagnosis in young people, stigma is a lingering barrier to its early diagnosis in day-to-day clinical practice. […] Borderline personality disorder should now be seen as a lifespan developmental disorder with substantial ramifications across subsequent decades. Consequently, intervention at any stage should aim to alter the life-course trajectory of the disorder, not just its diagnostic features.

• #1 Can BPD Be Prevented? « Personality Disorder Awareness Network

  https://pdan.org/what-are-personality-disorders/can-bpd-be-prevented/

  The vast majority of research on personality disorders has shown that they are caused by a combination of genetics and environment. […] However, Andrew Chanen, a leading expert on personality disorder prevention, concluded in a 2013 study that borderline PD may be the most preventable of all the disorders. […] PDAN focuses primarily on the prevention of these two disorders. […] Educate the public about the causes and symptoms of personality disorders. […] Teach parents how important it is to protect their children from verbal, physical, sexual and emotional abuse. […] Help parents and children understand the damage caused by bullying. […] We can make a difference. […] Please join us in our efforts to prevent childhood abuse, neglect, trauma and bullying in hopes that every child can grow up in a loving, supportive environment.

• #1 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  As mentioned above, primary prevention aims to reduce the prevalence of the disease in the general population. A relevant strategy may consist of implementing specific interventions in targeted groups that appear to be at-risk for developing the disease, knowing that the main identified risk factor is to have been through Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs). Of note, for this type of high level of complexity, where the symptoms appear more than a decade after exposure, the methodological caveats are numerous. We present here three approaches that address this issue of prevention in different at-risk groups, all of them aiming to improve the early life experience: […] Parenting of children with behavioral disturbances: A pilot study was recently published by the team of Muratori et al., showing that mindful parenting interventions could help reduce the additional risk factors needed to develop future BPD in children already presenting behavioral disturbances. Mindful parenting promotes increasing parenting skills by enhancing attention and self-regulation skills in parents, helping them to pay attention, in a non-judgmental way, to the present moment and to their interaction with their child.

• #1 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder | The Medical Journal of Australia

  https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2007/187/7/prevention-and-early-intervention-borderline-personality-disorder

  Current data are inadequate to inform specific universal or selective prevention programs for BPD. However, they do support including BPD prevention as an outcome when evaluating universal and/or selective interventions for a variety of mental health problems and adverse psychosocial outcomes. […] These data make a compelling case for the development of empirically tested prevention and early intervention programs. […] The data given above describing specific risk factors, pathways or mechanisms for the development of BPD are inadequate, so that currently it is not feasible to use these as a basis for preventive strategies. […] Interventions aimed at reducing exposure to these factors (universal prevention), or targeting those exposed to them (selective prevention), must have broader aims than the prevention of BPD alone.

• #1 Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms, Test & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/borderline_personality_disorder/article.htm

  Is it possible to prevent borderline personality disorder? […] Societal interventions like the prevention of child abuse, domestic violence, and substance abuse in families can help decrease the occurrence of several very different mental health problems. In contrast, specific prevention of BPD tends to focus on recognizing traits of the disorder as early as possible, followed by intensive treatment.

• #1 Personality Disorders (Types, Symptoms and Management)

  https://patient.info/doctor/personality-disorders-and-psychopathy

  The NICE guidance puts some emphasis on identification of individuals at risk of developing personality disorders. A variety of interventions is suggested to try to prevent some of the consequences of the personality disorders covered by this guidance. For example, NICE suggests that services should establish robust methods to identify children at risk of developing conduct problems and that vulnerable parents could be identified antenatally – for example, in antisocial personality, by identifying: […] A wide variety of different interventions is then suggested, ranging from anger management to parenting classes.

• #1 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: a novel public health priority

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428197/

  There is now a broad evidencebased consensus that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a reliable, valid, common and treatable mental disorder. […] The proliferation of knowledge about BPD in adolescents and emerging adults (youth) over the past two decades has provided a firm basis for establishing early diagnosis and treatment (early intervention) for BPD and for subthreshold borderline personality pathology. […] Clinical priorities include: a) early intervention (i.e., diagnosis and treatment of BPD when an individual first meets DSM5 criteria for the disorder, regardless of his/her age) should be a routine part of child and youth mental health practice; c) indicated prevention (preventing the onset of new cases by targeting individuals showing subthreshold features of BPD) currently represents the best starting point toward developing a comprehensive prevention strategy for BPD; e) the diagnosis of BPD should not be delayed (nondiagnosis of BPD is discriminatory because it denies individuals the opportunity to make informed and evidencebased treatment decisions, and excludes BPD from health care planning, policy and service implementation, ultimately harming the young people’s prospects); g) family and friends should be actively involved as collaborators in prevention and early intervention.

• #1 Personality Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Physician-Patient Interactions, Psychotherapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/294307-treatment

  Within the limits of contemporary medical knowledge, personality disorders cannot be prevented, although steps can be taken to prevent or deter some of the consequences and complications of personality disorders. […] Frequent inquiries about suicidal ideation are warranted, regardless of whether the patient spontaneously raises the subject. The physician need not fear instilling the idea of suicide in a patient who is not already entertaining it. Subsequent inquiry about firearms, lethal medications, and other available means of suicide point to avenues of preventive behavior. […] Benzodiazepines, narcotic analgesics, and other drugs with potential for dependency should be used rarely and with great caution. Nearly all personality disorders are marked by impaired impulse control and consequent risk of addictive behavior. Patients with personality disorders are prone to benzodiazepine abuse.

• #1 Personality disorders: an overview | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/personality-disorders

  Your personality is made up of unique traits (characteristics or qualities) that affect how you think and act. […] A personality disorder is when someones traits cause distress and make it hard for them to function in everyday life. […] Psychotherapy is the best way to help someone with a personality disorder learn about their thoughts and behaviours and how to overcome difficulties. […] A personality disorder is hard to deal with alone. Talking to a doctor or mental health professional is the first step towards getting support and treatment. […] Psychotherapy is the most effective long-term treatment option for personality disorders. In psychotherapy, a psychologist or psychiatrist helps people to understand their thoughts, motivations and feelings. These insights can help people manage their symptoms, develop satisfying relationships and make positive behaviour changes. […] If you need help, talking to your doctor is a good place to start.

• #1 Personality Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Physician-Patient Interactions, Psychotherapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/294307-treatment

  Patients with personality disorder who have children should be asked frequently and in detail about their parenting practices. Low frustration tolerance, a tendency to externalize blame for psychological distress, and impaired impulse control in patients with a personality disorder put their children at risk for neglect or abuse.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/hrpjournal/fulltext/2025/01000/borderline_personality_disorder_and_loneliness_.3.aspx

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been described as a condition of intolerance of aloneness. This characteristic drives distinguishing criteria, such as frantic efforts to avoid abandonment. […] According to patients with BPD, increased social connection is often a primary treatment goal and marker of satisfying recovery. There are, however, few evidence-based approaches that primarily target loneliness and building life structures that support durable connections with others. […] Therefore, we argue for the necessity of more directly addressing loneliness in BPD treatment and case management. We highlight the extent to which BPD and loneliness co-occur, and overlap in their causes, effects, and interactions. Ultimately, we propose increased utilization, innovation, and testing of interventions that directly or indirectly target loneliness and social networks in BPD treatment.

• #1 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: a novel public health priority

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428197/

  Research priorities are as follows: a) prevention and early intervention for BPD must be integrated with similar efforts for other severe mental disorders, such as mood and psychotic disorders, acknowledging the equifinal and multifinal pathways for the development of psychopathology; c) novel, lowcost preventive interventions that can be widely disseminated should be developed and evaluated; d) education and skill development programs for families with a young person with BPD are a key priority for treatment research. […] Social and policy priorities include the following: a) BPD needs to be recognized as a severe mental disorder at all levels of the health system; b) evidencebased policy is needed to address BPD from primary through to specialist care, with the aim of building a health care system response to prevention and early intervention with young people and those who care for them as its focus.

• #1 European guidelines for personality disorders: past, present and future | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Text

  https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40479-019-0106-3

  Guidelines could include steps to be taken to ensure that clinicians receive proper training in empirically supported treatments including how systems of supervision and adherence rating could be put in place to ensure that standards are upheld over time. […] A second limitation seen in the majority of the guidelines reviewed, is a lack of a systematic process for capturing the views and values of patients and carers. In order to be relevant and useful, clinical guidelines need to provide clinicians with advice that will help them make decisions about patient care, based on the weighting and negotiation of medical knowledge arising from more sources than experimental research. […] Collaboration between researchers working across Europe is needed to speed up this important development work and, in this respect, the ESSPD provides a helpful platform for dialogue and development on this topic and will support initiatives directly aimed at strengthening future collaboration on PD guidelines across Europe.

• #2 Personality Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Physician-Patient Interactions, Psychotherapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/294307-treatment

  Within the limits of contemporary medical knowledge, personality disorders cannot be prevented, although steps can be taken to prevent or deter some of the consequences and complications of personality disorders. […] Frequent inquiries about suicidal ideation are warranted, regardless of whether the patient spontaneously raises the subject. The physician need not fear instilling the idea of suicide in a patient who is not already entertaining it. Subsequent inquiry about firearms, lethal medications, and other available means of suicide point to avenues of preventive behavior. […] Benzodiazepines, narcotic analgesics, and other drugs with potential for dependency should be used rarely and with great caution. Nearly all personality disorders are marked by impaired impulse control and consequent risk of addictive behavior. Patients with personality disorders are prone to benzodiazepine abuse.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40501-014-0029-y

  Indicated prevention has been suggested as the only form of prevention that is currently feasible. […] Indicated prevention and early intervention and programs for borderline personality disorder have been developed in Australia and the Netherlands. […] These programs should be differentiated from conventional borderline personality disorder treatment programs that are applied to individuals who have established complex and severe borderline personality disorder, but who happen to be less than 18 years old. […] Based upon the above psychosocial treatment trials, indicated prevention and early intervention appear to be effective for adolescents and young adults with borderline personality disorder features. […] Prevention and early intervention for personality disorder ought to focus upon improving functioning and adaptation and preventing iatrogenic harm.

• #2 Borderline Personality Disorder – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/borderline-personality-disorder-a-to-z

  There is no known way to prevent borderline personality disorder. Treatment is likely to better the chances of a person with the disorder getting relief from the most painful symptoms. […] Most experts believe personality disorders develop as a result of both environmental and biological factors. Early research on this disorder focused on problems in growing up, for example, having gone through abuse or neglect as a child. A significant number of people with symptoms of this disorder have reported such a history in childhood. […] Researchers are now more optimistic about the long-term outcomes in borderline personality disorder. The vast majority of people with the disorder experience at least some reduction in symptoms with treatment. Significant numbers of patients recover from the disorder, meaning they no longer met the criteria for having borderline personality disorder and they function well. Therefore, at least with continuing treatment, it appears that many people with borderline personality disorder eventually can make significant progress, take some pleasure in their relationships and have satisfying life achievements.

• #2 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  As mentioned above, primary prevention aims to reduce the prevalence of the disease in the general population. A relevant strategy may consist of implementing specific interventions in targeted groups that appear to be at-risk for developing the disease, knowing that the main identified risk factor is to have been through Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs). Of note, for this type of high level of complexity, where the symptoms appear more than a decade after exposure, the methodological caveats are numerous. We present here three approaches that address this issue of prevention in different at-risk groups, all of them aiming to improve the early life experience: […] Parenting of children with behavioral disturbances: A pilot study was recently published by the team of Muratori et al., showing that mindful parenting interventions could help reduce the additional risk factors needed to develop future BPD in children already presenting behavioral disturbances. Mindful parenting promotes increasing parenting skills by enhancing attention and self-regulation skills in parents, helping them to pay attention, in a non-judgmental way, to the present moment and to their interaction with their child.

• #2 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  Early Mother-Infant Bonding: the team of Fowler addressed the association between early adverse parenting experiences and BPD. This 14 year longitudinal study on 64 mother-child dyads focused on Maternal Bonding Impairment (MBI) during the 2 weeks postpartum only and its interactions with child temperament (at age 5) and child sex as predictors of BPD symptoms and general personality dysfunction in adolescence. It showed that higher MBI was a significant predictor of general personality dysfunction as defined in Criterion A of the DSM-5. Also, BPD symptoms in girls but not boys were dependent on maternal bonding. These results indicate that children at risk of developing personality pathology can be identified early in life and may help target at-risk dyads for selective early prevention. […] Mothers with BPD: Another even more specific at-risk group for developing BPD are the children of mothers diagnosed with BPD. The German ProChild study will aim, in a controlled trial, to compare the effect of parenting interventions vs. no intervention in children aged 6 months to 6 years from mothers with a diagnosis of BPD. The primary outcomes are changes in parenting from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up at 6 and 9 months after intervention, thus not reflecting the occurrence of BPD in future children but may provide some data on the effectiveness of such interventions.

• #2 Personality Disorders (Types, Symptoms and Management)

  https://patient.info/doctor/personality-disorders-and-psychopathy

  The NICE guidance puts some emphasis on identification of individuals at risk of developing personality disorders. A variety of interventions is suggested to try to prevent some of the consequences of the personality disorders covered by this guidance. For example, NICE suggests that services should establish robust methods to identify children at risk of developing conduct problems and that vulnerable parents could be identified antenatally – for example, in antisocial personality, by identifying: […] A wide variety of different interventions is then suggested, ranging from anger management to parenting classes.

• #2 Early Intervention for Personality Disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10187393/

  Both the DSM-5 Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders and the ICD-11 have introduced a genuinely developmental approach to personality disorder. […] In fact, evidence suggests that early intervention for personality disorder should be a focus for all mental health clinicians who see young people and is feasible by using widely available clinical skills. […] This new approach provides a framework for understanding why the transition from childhood to adulthood appears to herald a sensitive development period, not only for the onset of major mental state disorders, but also for the onset of personality pathology, consequently informing a clinical staging approach to prevention and early intervention for personality pathology. […] The evidence above suggests that early intervention for personality disorder is the business of all mental health clinicians, in particular of those who see young people.

• #2 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: a novel public health priority

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428197/

  Research priorities are as follows: a) prevention and early intervention for BPD must be integrated with similar efforts for other severe mental disorders, such as mood and psychotic disorders, acknowledging the equifinal and multifinal pathways for the development of psychopathology; c) novel, lowcost preventive interventions that can be widely disseminated should be developed and evaluated; d) education and skill development programs for families with a young person with BPD are a key priority for treatment research. […] Social and policy priorities include the following: a) BPD needs to be recognized as a severe mental disorder at all levels of the health system; b) evidencebased policy is needed to address BPD from primary through to specialist care, with the aim of building a health care system response to prevention and early intervention with young people and those who care for them as its focus.

• #2 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: current status and recent evidence | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/prevention-and-early-intervention-for-borderline-personality-disorder-current-status-and-recent-evidence/B4207F79D92BD14CEAD009494F6D9D4D

  The data reviewed above suggest that indicated prevention is currently the best bet for prevention of BPD. […] Early detection and intervention for BPD are now justified and practical in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and novel early intervention programmes have been developed and researched in Australia and The Netherlands. […] Despite evidence of sufficient reliability and validity for the BPD diagnosis in young people, stigma is a lingering barrier to its early diagnosis in day-to-day clinical practice. […] Borderline personality disorder should now be seen as a lifespan developmental disorder with substantial ramifications across subsequent decades. Consequently, intervention at any stage should aim to alter the life-course trajectory of the disorder, not just its diagnostic features.

• #2 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  Preventive approaches can be divided into two categories: primary prevention, which focuses on preventing the onset of the disease, and secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection and interventions. Tertiary prevention refers to the management of the disease already diagnosed to prevent the development of complications. This last aspect has been discussed earlier in the current paper. […] Several programs of secondary prevention have been developed for adolescents with BPD. As developed by Chanen et al., their common principle is to prioritize early interventions, even when BPD cannot be fully diagnosed with regards to the current criteria. As an example, the HYPE clinic program (Helping Young People Early) is a specific service model designed to take care of adolescents at risk for BPD. The inclusion cut-off is set at three criteria (or two criteria plus a risk factor) to be enrolled in the program. A randomized clinical trial including 139 adolescents with BPD compared three forms of early interventions over 12 months: HYPE + specific therapy, HYPE + befriending therapy, or a general youth mental health service + befriending therapy. As a result, early intervention was effective, did require specific youth-oriented clinical case management and psychiatric care, but was not dependent on specific individual psychotherapy. As reviewed by the Australian NHMRC and NICE in the UK, preventive programs are generally recommended for BPD.

• #2

  https://www.healio.com/news/psychiatry/20241213/apa-updates-borderline-personality-disorder-treatment-guidelines

  The updated guidance includes eight recommendations and suggestions: […] Treatment should include a structured psychotherapy approach that targets core BPD features. […] We anticipate that many more patients will be able to access psychotherapeutic treatment and that clinicians will avoid the risks of ineffective pharmacologic treatment as a result of this guideline, Keepers said.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/hrpjournal/fulltext/2025/01000/borderline_personality_disorder_and_loneliness_.3.aspx

  Given the empirical and theoretical associations between BPD and loneliness, their shared genetic risks, the general health effects of loneliness, particularly in BPD, and the further segregation of those with increased symptoms early on, targeting loneliness as a general health intervention for those with BPD is critical. […] While significant research is required to better understand optimal interventions for reducing loneliness, clinicians and health systems can use existing psychosocial tools as part of a broader approach to help people with BPD feel more connected and experience functional recovery and flourishing.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40501-014-0029-y

  Recognition of personality pathology in childhood and adolescence will enable prevention, earlier detection and implementation of evidence-based interventions aimed at altering the life course trajectory of personality disorder. […] Preventive and early interventions will need to be relatively simple to enable their broad-based delivery. […] Finally, an alternative to the diagnostic category approach to prevention and early intervention is to develop a range of risk syndromes, or warning signs for the development of a range of disorders.

• #2 European guidelines for personality disorders: past, present and future | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Text

  https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40479-019-0106-3

  Guidelines could include steps to be taken to ensure that clinicians receive proper training in empirically supported treatments including how systems of supervision and adherence rating could be put in place to ensure that standards are upheld over time. […] A second limitation seen in the majority of the guidelines reviewed, is a lack of a systematic process for capturing the views and values of patients and carers. In order to be relevant and useful, clinical guidelines need to provide clinicians with advice that will help them make decisions about patient care, based on the weighting and negotiation of medical knowledge arising from more sources than experimental research. […] Collaboration between researchers working across Europe is needed to speed up this important development work and, in this respect, the ESSPD provides a helpful platform for dialogue and development on this topic and will support initiatives directly aimed at strengthening future collaboration on PD guidelines across Europe.

• #3 Borderline Personality Disorder – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/borderline-personality-disorder-a-to-z

  There is no known way to prevent borderline personality disorder. Treatment is likely to better the chances of a person with the disorder getting relief from the most painful symptoms. […] Most experts believe personality disorders develop as a result of both environmental and biological factors. Early research on this disorder focused on problems in growing up, for example, having gone through abuse or neglect as a child. A significant number of people with symptoms of this disorder have reported such a history in childhood. […] Researchers are now more optimistic about the long-term outcomes in borderline personality disorder. The vast majority of people with the disorder experience at least some reduction in symptoms with treatment. Significant numbers of patients recover from the disorder, meaning they no longer met the criteria for having borderline personality disorder and they function well. Therefore, at least with continuing treatment, it appears that many people with borderline personality disorder eventually can make significant progress, take some pleasure in their relationships and have satisfying life achievements.

• #3 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder | The Medical Journal of Australia

  https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2007/187/7/prevention-and-early-intervention-borderline-personality-disorder

  Targeting groups with precursor signs and symptoms (indicated prevention) appears feasible using the available data. However, this would still need to focus on diverse outcomes (albeit with a narrower focus than universal or selective programs) that include BPD. […] A diagnosis of BPD in adolescence appears to be as valid and reliable as it is in adulthood, and young people with BPD seek clinical help, even if their condition is unrecognised by clinicians. […] Early intervention for BPD holds great promise, but it also has the potential to be undermined by unrealistic expectations. Possible aims might include ameliorating borderline and/or general psychopathology, improving psychosocial functioning, along with reducing risks for Axis I disorders, violence, offending behaviour, suicide, self-harm and interpersonal conflict.

• #3 Can BPD Be Prevented? « Personality Disorder Awareness Network

  https://pdan.org/what-are-personality-disorders/can-bpd-be-prevented/

  The vast majority of research on personality disorders has shown that they are caused by a combination of genetics and environment. […] However, Andrew Chanen, a leading expert on personality disorder prevention, concluded in a 2013 study that borderline PD may be the most preventable of all the disorders. […] PDAN focuses primarily on the prevention of these two disorders. […] Educate the public about the causes and symptoms of personality disorders. […] Teach parents how important it is to protect their children from verbal, physical, sexual and emotional abuse. […] Help parents and children understand the damage caused by bullying. […] We can make a difference. […] Please join us in our efforts to prevent childhood abuse, neglect, trauma and bullying in hopes that every child can grow up in a loving, supportive environment.

• #3 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  Early Mother-Infant Bonding: the team of Fowler addressed the association between early adverse parenting experiences and BPD. This 14 year longitudinal study on 64 mother-child dyads focused on Maternal Bonding Impairment (MBI) during the 2 weeks postpartum only and its interactions with child temperament (at age 5) and child sex as predictors of BPD symptoms and general personality dysfunction in adolescence. It showed that higher MBI was a significant predictor of general personality dysfunction as defined in Criterion A of the DSM-5. Also, BPD symptoms in girls but not boys were dependent on maternal bonding. These results indicate that children at risk of developing personality pathology can be identified early in life and may help target at-risk dyads for selective early prevention. […] Mothers with BPD: Another even more specific at-risk group for developing BPD are the children of mothers diagnosed with BPD. The German ProChild study will aim, in a controlled trial, to compare the effect of parenting interventions vs. no intervention in children aged 6 months to 6 years from mothers with a diagnosis of BPD. The primary outcomes are changes in parenting from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up at 6 and 9 months after intervention, thus not reflecting the occurrence of BPD in future children but may provide some data on the effectiveness of such interventions.

• #3 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: current status and recent evidence | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/prevention-and-early-intervention-for-borderline-personality-disorder-current-status-and-recent-evidence/B4207F79D92BD14CEAD009494F6D9D4D

  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a leading candidate for developing empirically based prevention and early intervention programmes because it is common in clinical practice, it is among the most functionally disabling of all mental disorders, it is often associated with help-seeking, and it has been shown to respond to intervention, even in those with established disorder. […] The above data suggest that BPD is a leading candidate for developing empirically based prevention and early intervention programmes because it is common in clinical practice, it is among the most functionally disabling of all mental disorders, it is often associated with help-seeking and it has been shown to respond to intervention even in those with established disorder. […] Prevention and early intervention for BPD should primarily aim to alter the life-course trajectory of young people with borderline personality pathology by attenuating or averting associated adverse outcomes and promoting more adaptive developmental pathways.

• #3 Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: current status and recent evidence | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/prevention-and-early-intervention-for-borderline-personality-disorder-current-status-and-recent-evidence/B4207F79D92BD14CEAD009494F6D9D4D

  The data reviewed above suggest that indicated prevention is currently the best bet for prevention of BPD. […] Early detection and intervention for BPD are now justified and practical in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and novel early intervention programmes have been developed and researched in Australia and The Netherlands. […] Despite evidence of sufficient reliability and validity for the BPD diagnosis in young people, stigma is a lingering barrier to its early diagnosis in day-to-day clinical practice. […] Borderline personality disorder should now be seen as a lifespan developmental disorder with substantial ramifications across subsequent decades. Consequently, intervention at any stage should aim to alter the life-course trajectory of the disorder, not just its diagnostic features.

• #3 Early Intervention for Personality Disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10187393/

  Care plans focusing on structured clinical case management and psychiatric care, in the absence of a specialist setting or brand name psychotherapy, yield significant improvements and can be implemented widely without the need for additional resources. […] With mounting evidence to the contrary, refusing to provide routine care to patients with a personality disorder diagnosis should not be accepted practice.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40501-014-0029-y

  Indicated prevention has been suggested as the only form of prevention that is currently feasible. […] Indicated prevention and early intervention and programs for borderline personality disorder have been developed in Australia and the Netherlands. […] These programs should be differentiated from conventional borderline personality disorder treatment programs that are applied to individuals who have established complex and severe borderline personality disorder, but who happen to be less than 18 years old. […] Based upon the above psychosocial treatment trials, indicated prevention and early intervention appear to be effective for adolescents and young adults with borderline personality disorder features. […] Prevention and early intervention for personality disorder ought to focus upon improving functioning and adaptation and preventing iatrogenic harm.

• #3

  https://www.orygen.org.au/Research/Research-Areas/Personality-Disorder

  This program focuses on understanding, preventing and treating severe personality disorder. […] HYPE has pioneered the field of prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder in young people. […] More investment is needed into understanding and effectively treating the disorder. […] How can we understand the cause and development of BPD to help prevention and early intervention?

• #4 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  Early Mother-Infant Bonding: the team of Fowler addressed the association between early adverse parenting experiences and BPD. This 14 year longitudinal study on 64 mother-child dyads focused on Maternal Bonding Impairment (MBI) during the 2 weeks postpartum only and its interactions with child temperament (at age 5) and child sex as predictors of BPD symptoms and general personality dysfunction in adolescence. It showed that higher MBI was a significant predictor of general personality dysfunction as defined in Criterion A of the DSM-5. Also, BPD symptoms in girls but not boys were dependent on maternal bonding. These results indicate that children at risk of developing personality pathology can be identified early in life and may help target at-risk dyads for selective early prevention. […] Mothers with BPD: Another even more specific at-risk group for developing BPD are the children of mothers diagnosed with BPD. The German ProChild study will aim, in a controlled trial, to compare the effect of parenting interventions vs. no intervention in children aged 6 months to 6 years from mothers with a diagnosis of BPD. The primary outcomes are changes in parenting from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up at 6 and 9 months after intervention, thus not reflecting the occurrence of BPD in future children but may provide some data on the effectiveness of such interventions.

• #4 How to Prevent Borderline Personality Disorder in Young Adults

  https://www.optimumperformanceinstitute.com/bpd-treatment/prevent-bpd-from-developing/

  As research and new information surfaces on disorders like borderline personality disorder (BPD), more can be understood about what causes these disorders, how to treat them, and if they can possibly be prevented. […] While avoiding childhood trauma may be a way to prevent BPD from developing later in life, this is often not possible. […] There are, however, things you can do that may help, including: Validating emotions, Keeping stable schedules, Being present, Reinforcing positive behavior, Being supportive and patient. […] Children and adolescents who learn that their feelings are valid may have a better chance of not developing the disorder. […] Borderline personality disorder is still being researched, and there is much to learn to help us further understand the disorder and whether or not it can realistically be prevented.

• #4 Project Air – University of Wollongong – UOW

  https://www.uow.edu.au/project-air/

  The Project Air Strategy for Personality disorders is an internationally recognised leader in research, education and treatment of personality disorders. […] We aim to support compassionate, evidence-based treatment and recovery for people with personality disorder and related conditions. […] With the right treatment, most people can recover from their symptoms and lead productive and fulfilling lives. […] Psychological treatments are designed to help the person take active control of their lives by helping them understand themselves and their sensitivities, reduce the intensity of suffering from their emotions, and improve their relationships with other people. […] Project Air aims to offer a comprehensive set of resources for schools, teachers and clinicians to support and respond to young people with complex mental health problems.

• #5 Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/20/6668

  As mentioned above, primary prevention aims to reduce the prevalence of the disease in the general population. A relevant strategy may consist of implementing specific interventions in targeted groups that appear to be at-risk for developing the disease, knowing that the main identified risk factor is to have been through Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs). Of note, for this type of high level of complexity, where the symptoms appear more than a decade after exposure, the methodological caveats are numerous. We present here three approaches that address this issue of prevention in different at-risk groups, all of them aiming to improve the early life experience: […] Parenting of children with behavioral disturbances: A pilot study was recently published by the team of Muratori et al., showing that mindful parenting interventions could help reduce the additional risk factors needed to develop future BPD in children already presenting behavioral disturbances. Mindful parenting promotes increasing parenting skills by enhancing attention and self-regulation skills in parents, helping them to pay attention, in a non-judgmental way, to the present moment and to their interaction with their child.

• #5 Improving access to and effectiveness of mental health care for personality disorders: the guideline-informed treatment for personality disorders (GIT-PD) initiative in the Netherlands | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Tex

  https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40479-020-00133-7

  Evidence-based treatment for patients suffering from personality disorders (PDs) is only available to a limited extend in the Netherlands. […] The GIT-PD initiative has had a large impact on the organization of treatment for PDs in the Netherlands. For countries with an interest in improving their health care system for PDs, it could serve as a template that requires only limited resources. […] In order to provide an accessible and feasible service for PDs, the Guideline-Informed Treatment for Personality Disorders (GIT-PD) project was started in the Netherlands. […] These findings offer opportunities to provide better access to effective treatment for patients suffering from PDs. […] The aim was to make services more compliant to general principles of good care for PD patients and enhance uniformity across services in the Netherlands.

• #6 Improving access to and effectiveness of mental health care for personality disorders: the guideline-informed treatment for personality disorders (GIT-PD) initiative in the Netherlands | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Tex

  https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40479-020-00133-7

  GIT-PD stresses that treatment should be structured in time. […] The GIT-PD project was initiated in 2012, starting with 8 mental health care centers. […] GIT-PD has become a widespread and well-known standard treatment approach in the PD field in the Netherlands. […] We hope the GIT-PD project can serve as an attainable and cost-effective template for other countries as well in order to improve the general quality of care for the large group of patients suffering from severe personality pathology.

Zobacz więcej