Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne
Epidemiologia

Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne, niegdyś uważane za rzadkie, wykazują obecnie znacznie wyższe rozpowszechnienie, sięgające około 2,4% w populacji ogólnej krajów uprzemysłowionych, a w warunkach klinicznych nawet do 10%. Zaburzenie tożsamości dysocjacyjnej (DID) występuje u około 1-1,5% dorosłych, z podobną częstością u kobiet i mężczyzn, co podważa wcześniejsze przekonania o przewadze płci żeńskiej. Inne formy, takie jak amnezja dysocjacyjna (1,8-2,7%), zaburzenie depersonalizacji-derealizacji (1-2%) oraz fuga dysocjacyjna (0,2%), również wykazują istotne rozpowszechnienie. Diagnostyka jest utrudniona przez brak uwzględnienia zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych w standardowych narzędziach oceny psychiatrycznej oraz podobieństwo objawów do innych zaburzeń psychicznych, co prowadzi do długotrwałego błędnego leczenia (średnio 5-12,5 lat). Współwystępowanie DID z PTSD (79-100%), dużą depresją (83-96%) i zaburzeniem osobowości borderline (31-83%) dodatkowo komplikuje obraz kliniczny.

  1. Epidemiologia zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych
    1. Epidemiologia zaburzenia tożsamości dysocjacyjnej
    2. Epidemiologia innych zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych
  2. Czynniki demograficzne i kulturowe
    1. Różnice płciowe
    2. Różnice wiekowe
    3. Różnice etniczne i kulturowe
  3. Wykrywanie i diagnostyka zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych
  4. Zaburzenia współistniejące i konsekwencje
  5. Trendy i zmiany w epidemiologii zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych
  6. Wyzwania dla nadzoru epidemiologicznego
  7. Implikacje dla zdrowia publicznego
  8. Podsumowanie danych epidemiologicznych
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Epidemiologia zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych

Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne przez długi czas uważane były za niezwykle rzadkie schorzenia. Jednak najnowsze badania epidemiologiczne wskazują, że ich występowanie w populacji ogólnej jest znacznie częstsze niż pierwotnie sądzono. Szacuje się, że rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych w krajach uprzemysłowionych wynosi około 2,4% populacji ogólnej1. W warunkach klinicznych (oddziały psychiatryczne, opieka ambulatoryjna) częstość występowania jest znacznie wyższa i sięga około 10% pacjentów psychiatrycznych2. Niektóre badania sugerują nawet, że wskaźniki rozpowszechnienia zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych w populacji ogólnej mogą wynosić od 3,0% do nawet 18,3%3.

Warto zauważyć, że badania epidemiologiczne dotyczące zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych napotykają na szereg trudności metodologicznych. Głównym problemem jest fakt, że standardowe narzędzia oceny psychiatrycznej często nie obejmują zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych według klasyfikacji DSM, co prowadzi do zafałszowanych wyników w wielu badaniach epidemiologicznych na dużą skalę4. Niemniej jednak badania przesiewowe wykorzystujące narzędzia diagnostyczne zaprojektowane specjalnie do oceny zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych wykazały wskaźniki rozpowszechnienia w ciągu całego życia na poziomie około 10% zarówno w populacjach klinicznych, jak i w społeczeństwie5.

Epidemiologia zaburzenia tożsamości dysocjacyjnej

Zaburzenie tożsamości dysocjacyjnej (DID, dawniej znane jako zaburzenie osobowości mnogiej) stanowi najcięższą formę zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych. Według Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego, 12-miesięczna częstość występowania DID wśród dorosłych w USA wynosi 1,5%, z podobnym rozpowszechnieniem wśród kobiet i mężczyzn6. Badania epidemiologiczne przeprowadzone w wielu krajach, w tym w Stanach Zjednoczonych, Kanadzie, Holandii, Niemczech, Szwajcarii, Finlandii, Chinach i Turcji, potwierdzają występowanie DID na poziomie około 1% populacji ogólnej78.

W środowiskach klinicznych częstość występowania DID jest znacznie wyższa. Szacuje się, że DID dotyka od 6% do 10% pacjentów hospitalizowanych9 oraz około 6% pacjentów ambulatoryjnych w placówkach amerykańskich10. Inne badania wskazują na występowanie DID u 0,4-14% pacjentów psychiatrycznych, w zależności od badanej próby11. W metaanalizie obejmującej 31 905 studentów, u 11,4% stwierdzono jakiekolwiek zaburzenie dysocjacyjne, przy czym 3,7% miało DID12.

Do niedawna uważano, że DID występuje 5-9 razy częściej u kobiet niż u mężczyzn, szczególnie w młodym wieku dorosłym. Jednak nowsze badania sugerują, że różnica ta może być spowodowana uprzedzeniem selekcyjnym, gdyż mężczyźni spełniający kryteria diagnostyczne DID częściej trafiają do systemu wymiaru sprawiedliwości niż do szpitali13. Najnowsze dane wskazują na podobne rozpowszechnienie DID wśród kobiet i mężczyzn1415.

Epidemiologia innych zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych

Oprócz zaburzenia tożsamości dysocjacyjnej, badania epidemiologiczne dostarczają danych na temat innych form zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych:

  • Amnezja dysocjacyjna – występuje u około 1,8% populacji Stanów Zjednoczonych16, choć niektóre badania sugerują, że może dotyczyć nawet 2-7% populacji ogólnej17.
  • Zaburzenie depersonalizacji-derealizacji – szacuje się, że około połowa wszystkich dorosłych doświadczyła co najmniej jednego epizodu depersonalizacji/derealizacji w ciągu życia, jednak pełnoobjawowe zaburzenie jest znacznie rzadsze. Jednomiesięczne rozpowszechnienie wynosi około 1-2% w Wielkiej Brytanii18.
  • Fugue dysocjacyjna – występuje u około 0,2% populacji ogólnej19.

Czynniki demograficzne i kulturowe

Analiza danych epidemiologicznych wskazuje na istotne zróżnicowanie występowania zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych w zależności od czynników demograficznych i kulturowych:

Różnice płciowe

Kobiety są nieproporcjonalnie bardziej dotknięte zaburzeniami dysocjacyjnymi20. W przypadku niektórych form zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych, jak zaburzenia konwersyjne, obserwuje się wyraźną przewagę kobiet21. Ogólnie przyjmuje się, że stosunek kobiet do mężczyzn wynosi około 2:122, choć jak wspomniano wcześniej, w przypadku DID nowsze badania sugerują bardziej wyrównane występowanie u obu płci.

W przypadku dzieci, dziewczynki doświadczają wykorzystywania seksualnego w dzieciństwie częściej niż chłopcy, ze stosunkiem kobiet do mężczyzn wynoszącym 10:1, co może częściowo tłumaczyć różnice w występowaniu zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych u dorosłych23.

Różnice wiekowe

Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne najczęściej rozwijają się przed 20 rokiem życia24. Dominującą grupą wiekową są adolescenci oraz młodzi i średni dorośli, natomiast rzadko obserwuje się nowe zachorowania u osób starszych25. Większość przypadków DID rozpoczyna się w dzieciństwie, choć pełna manifestacja zaburzenia może nie być zauważona przez otoczenie aż do okresu dojrzewania lub później26.

Warto zaznaczyć, że dzieci są szczególnie podatne na dysocjację w latach przedszkolnych, gdy doświadczają traumy lub wykorzystywania27. Według National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), 17% z 702 000 zgłoszeń dotyczyło przemocy fizycznej, a 27,4% wykorzystywanych dzieci było młodszych niż 3 lata28.

Różnice etniczne i kulturowe

Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne występują we wszystkich grupach etnicznych i kulturowych, jednak istnieją pewne różnice w częstości ich występowania:

  • Amerykanie pochodzenia azjatyckiego i afrykańskiego zgłaszają wyższe wskaźniki zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych w porównaniu do Amerykanów pochodzenia kaukaskiego29.
  • Patologiczna dysocjacja jest mniej znana w niektórych częściach świata, szczególnie w Chinach, choć może być łatwo wykrywana wśród pacjentów psychiatrycznych30.
  • Wyższe wyniki dysocjacji zgłaszane są u amerykańskich dzieci31.

Wskaźnik występowania DID różni się między krajami, ale badania epidemiologiczne w populacji ogólnej nadal umieszczają częstość występowania DID na poziomie 1,1-1,5%, a częstość występowania jakiegokolwiek zaburzenia dysocjacyjnego według DSM-IV na poziomie 8,6-18,3%32.

Wykrywanie i diagnostyka zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych

Mimo stosunkowo wysokiej częstości występowania, zaburzenia dysocjacyjne często pozostają nierozpoznane lub są błędnie diagnozowane. Pacjenci z zaburzeniem tożsamości dysocjacyjnej spędzają średnio 5-12,5 lat w leczeniu, zanim zostanie u nich rozpoznane to zaburzenie33. Niektóre badania wskazują nawet na 6-12 lat nieefektywnego leczenia przed postawieniem prawidłowej diagnozy34.

Główne czynniki przyczyniające się do niedostatecznego rozpoznawania zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych to:

  • Niewystarczające szkolenie w rozpoznawaniu dysocjacji związanej z traumą35
  • Ograniczony dostęp do dokładnych informacji naukowych o DID36
  • Podobieństwo objawów do innych zaburzeń (takich jak zaburzenie osobowości borderline, schizofrenia i zaburzenie dwubiegunowe)37
  • Debata dotycząca etiologii zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych38
  • Fakt, że standardowe narzędzia oceny psychiatrycznej często nie obejmują zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych39

Osoby, które nie w pełni rozumieją problematykę zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych, mogą przypisywać objawy wielu różnym diagnozom, nie dostrzegając, że odnoszą się one do jednego przypadku40. Z tego powodu zaleca się, aby w wywiadach klinicznych pacjenci byli rutynowo pytani o objawy dysocjacyjne41.

Zaburzenia współistniejące i konsekwencje

Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne często współwystępują z innymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi, co dodatkowo komplikuje diagnostykę i leczenie. U pacjentów z DID współchorobowość z PTSD szacuje się na 79-100%, z dużą depresją na 83-96%, a z zaburzeniem osobowości borderline na 31-83%42.

Młodzież z zaburzeniem tożsamości dysocjacyjnej ma większe prawdopodobieństwo występowania wyższych wskaźników współchorobowości psychiatrycznej43. Pacjenci z wysokim poziomem doświadczeń dysocjacyjnych mają nie tylko podwyższone wskaźniki wykorzystywania seksualnego i fizycznego w dzieciństwie, ale także czterokrotnie wyższy wskaźnik obecnych zaburzeń psychiatrycznych niż inne osoby44.

Konsekwencje nieleczonych zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych mogą być poważne:

  • Pacjenci z DID wykazują zwiększony wskaźnik niesamobójczych zachowań autoagresywnych i prób samobójczych45
  • Ponad 70% osób z DID podjęło próbę samobójczą, a inne zachowania autoagresywne są powszechne46
  • Pacjenci z niezdiagnozowanym lub nieleczonym DID są bardziej narażeni na samookaleczenia i samobójstwa47

Trendy i zmiany w epidemiologii zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych

W ostatnich dekadach zaobserwowano pewne trendy i zmiany w epidemiologii zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych:

W późnych latach 70. i 80. XX wieku liczba diagnoz wzrosła gwałtownie. Szacunki z lat 80. umieszczały częstość występowania na poziomie 0,01%48. Pod koniec XX wieku liczba diagnoz DID osiągnęła szczyt około 40 000 przypadków, w porównaniu do mniej niż 200 diagnoz przed 1970 rokiem49.

Wzrost liczby zgłaszanych przypadków może być przypisany większej świadomości diagnozy wśród specjalistów zdrowia psychicznego, dostępności konkretnych kryteriów oraz wcześniejszym błędnym diagnozom DID jako schizofrenii lub zaburzenia osobowości typu borderline50.

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się również wpływ mediów społecznościowych na świadomość i postrzeganie zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych. Artykuł opublikowany w 2022 roku w czasopiśmie Comprehensive Psychiatry opisał, jak długotrwałe korzystanie z mediów społecznościowych, zwłaszcza na platformach udostępniania wideo, w tym TikTok, naraziło młodych ludzi, głównie nastoletnie dziewczęta, na rosnącą liczbę twórców treści publikujących filmy o swoich samodzielnie zdiagnozowanych zaburzeniach51.

Wyzwania dla nadzoru epidemiologicznego

Dokładna ocena epidemiologiczna zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych napotyka szereg wyzwań:

  • Standardowe narzędzia oceny psychiatrycznej często nie obejmują zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych według DSM, co prowadzi do zafałszowanych wyników w wielu badaniach epidemiologicznych52.
  • Złożoność objawów i podobieństwo do innych zaburzeń psychicznych utrudnia prawidłową diagnostykę53.
  • Badań epidemiologicznych dotyczących zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych jest stosunkowo niewiele w porównaniu do innych zaburzeń z osi I i II54.
  • Istnieje potrzeba włączenia zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych do ogólnych psychiatrycznych badań przesiewowych, co ma kluczowe znaczenie dla zapobiegania fałszywie negatywnym diagnozom w przyszłych badaniach55.

Potrzebne są bardziej kompleksowe badania, w których objawy zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych są badane bardziej szczegółowo, a także uwzględniane są cechy społeczno-kulturowe56. Obecne obszary debaty obejmują również pochodzenie choroby, a większa uwaga została zwrócona na wcześniejsze badania dotyczące patogenezy i pochodzenia zespołów57.

Implikacje dla zdrowia publicznego

Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne stanowią ukryty i zaniedbany problem zdrowia publicznego58. Częstość występowania DID (około 1%) jest podobna do częstości występowania schizofrenii, co czyni ją problemem zdrowia publicznego, który powinien zwrócić uwagę59.

Lepsze i wcześniejsze rozpoznawanie zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych zwiększyłoby świadomość na temat traumy w dzieciństwie w społeczeństwie i wspierałoby zapobieganie im wraz z ich klinicznymi konsekwencjami60.

Istnieją dowody na znaczną skuteczność intensywnej formy psychoterapii w leczeniu DID oraz na efektywność kosztową leczenia, z istotnymi oszczędnościami po rozpoczęciu prawidłowego leczenia6162. Jednak wydaje się, że istnieją podgrupy pacjentów z DID, z których jedna grupa wykazuje szybkie ustąpienie całej psychopatologii dysocjacyjnej, a druga grupa wykazuje większą przewlekłość63.

Opóźnienie w rozpoznaniu i odpowiednim leczeniu DID prawdopodobnie przedłuża cierpienie i niepełnosprawność pacjentów z DID, co wiąże się z istotnymi kosztami ekonomicznymi dla systemu opieki zdrowotnej i, szerzej, dla społeczeństwa64.

Podsumowanie danych epidemiologicznych

Podsumowując główne dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych:

  • Rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych w populacji ogólnej: 2,4-10%6566
  • Rozpowszechnienie zaburzeń dysocjacyjnych w warunkach klinicznych: około 10-46%6768
  • Rozpowszechnienie zaburzenia tożsamości dysocjacyjnej (DID) w populacji ogólnej: 1-1,5%6970
  • Rozpowszechnienie DID wśród pacjentów psychiatrycznych: 0,4-14%, z wyższymi wskaźnikami w specjalistycznych populacjach pacjentów hospitalizowanych71
  • Rozpowszechnienie amnezji dysocjacyjnej: około 1,8-2,7% populacji ogólnej7273
  • Rozpowszechnienie zaburzenia depersonalizacji-derealizacji: około 1-2%74
  • Rozpowszechnienie fugi dysocjacyjnej: około 0,2% populacji ogólnej75

Zaburzenia dysocjacyjne stanowią istotny problem zdrowotny o znaczącym wpływie na funkcjonowanie jednostek i społeczeństwa. Pomimo ich stosunkowo wysokiej częstości występowania, pozostają one niedostatecznie rozpoznawane i leczone. Istnieje pilna potrzeba poprawy świadomości, diagnostyki i leczenia tych zaburzeń, aby zmniejszyć związane z nimi cierpienie i koszty społeczne.

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  1. 11.04.2026
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Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders statistics suggest that these disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in the general population. Currently, there are no specific drugs used to treat dissociative disorders since they co-occur with several psychiatric disorders. […] The prevalence of dissociative disorders is how common these disorders are in a given population. In industrialized nations, the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at 2.4% of the population. […] In clinical settings (inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics), the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at nearly 10%. […] Women are disproportionately impacted by dissociative disorders. […] Asian and African Americans report higher rates of dissociative disorders over their Caucasian American counterparts.
  • #2 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders statistics suggest that these disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in the general population. Currently, there are no specific drugs used to treat dissociative disorders since they co-occur with several psychiatric disorders. […] The prevalence of dissociative disorders is how common these disorders are in a given population. In industrialized nations, the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at 2.4% of the population. […] In clinical settings (inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics), the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at nearly 10%. […] Women are disproportionately impacted by dissociative disorders. […] Asian and African Americans report higher rates of dissociative disorders over their Caucasian American counterparts.
  • #3 Dissociative Identity Disorder Prevalence
    https://did-research.org/did/basics/prevalence
    Most current studies place the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) between 0.1% to 2%, though a few give estimations as high as 3-5%. The DSM-5-TR gives the 12-month prevalence of DID in a small community of American adults as 1.5%, and lifetime prevalence in a representative sample of Turkish women as 1.1% (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). […] As reviewed by Kate et al. (2019), other general population estimates obtained with dissociation-specific screening or diagnostic tools have ranged from 0.8% to 1.5%, with an additional 0.2% to 8.3% for other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD), which may or may not present as similar to DID. Dissociative disorders as a whole ranged from 3.0% to 18.3%. […] DID has been determined to affect between 6% to 10% of inpatients (Horen, Leichner, Lawson, 1995; Ross, Duffy, Ellason, 2002). In an American outpatient setting, it was found to affect 6% of the population (Foote et al., 2006).
  • #4 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. […] Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. […] Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. […] Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. […] Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. […] Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. […] Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.
  • #5 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. […] Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. […] Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. […] Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. […] Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. […] Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. […] Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.
  • #6 Dissociative identity disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder
    According to the American Psychiatric Association, the 12-month prevalence of DID among adults in the US is 1.5%, with similar prevalence between women and men. Population prevalence estimates have been described to widely vary, with some estimates of DID in inpatient settings suggesting 1-9.6%. […] Reported rates in the community vary from 1% to 3% with higher rates among psychiatric patients. As of 2017, evidence suggested a prevalence of DID of 25% among psychiatric inpatients, 23% among outpatients, and 1% in the general population. […] As of 2012, DID was diagnosed 5 to 9 times more common in women than men during young adulthood, although this may have been due to selection bias as men meeting DID diagnostic criteria were suspected to end up in the criminal justice system rather than hospitals.
  • #7 Chronic complex dissociative disorders and borderline personality disorder: disorders of emotion dysregulation? | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Text
    https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2051-6673-1-13
    Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of chronic complex dissociative disorders (DD), as it is for borderline personality disorder (BPD). […] This article focuses on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, psychological profile, treatment, and neurobiology of chronic complex DD with emphasis placed on the role of emotion dysregulation in each of these areas. […] Epidemiological studies have found that mood, somatoform, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse are commonly associated with antecedent trauma, as well as PTSD. […] Epidemiological studies of DD have been conducted in the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Finland, China, and Turkey. […] The most common type of DDNOS, which has been replaced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, called other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD), is typically found to be the most prevalent DD in general population and clinical studies with a prevalence rates up to 8.3% in the community reviewed in [23].
  • #8 Chronic complex dissociative disorders and borderline personality disorder: disorders of emotion dysregulation? | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Text
    https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2051-6673-1-13
    Across general population studies, the most severe DD, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has a prevalence of approximately 1% and has been found in .4 14% of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients, depending on the sample. […] The lifetime prevalence of BPD has been estimated to be 5.9% […] Most DDNOS/OSDD patients are similar in presenting symptoms, history, clinical course, and treatment response to DID patients, so DDNOS/OSDD is combined with DID here.
  • #9 Dissociative Identity Disorder Prevalence
    https://did-research.org/did/basics/prevalence
    Most current studies place the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) between 0.1% to 2%, though a few give estimations as high as 3-5%. The DSM-5-TR gives the 12-month prevalence of DID in a small community of American adults as 1.5%, and lifetime prevalence in a representative sample of Turkish women as 1.1% (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). […] As reviewed by Kate et al. (2019), other general population estimates obtained with dissociation-specific screening or diagnostic tools have ranged from 0.8% to 1.5%, with an additional 0.2% to 8.3% for other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD), which may or may not present as similar to DID. Dissociative disorders as a whole ranged from 3.0% to 18.3%. […] DID has been determined to affect between 6% to 10% of inpatients (Horen, Leichner, Lawson, 1995; Ross, Duffy, Ellason, 2002). In an American outpatient setting, it was found to affect 6% of the population (Foote et al., 2006).
  • #10 Dissociative Identity Disorder Prevalence
    https://did-research.org/did/basics/prevalence
    Most current studies place the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) between 0.1% to 2%, though a few give estimations as high as 3-5%. The DSM-5-TR gives the 12-month prevalence of DID in a small community of American adults as 1.5%, and lifetime prevalence in a representative sample of Turkish women as 1.1% (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). […] As reviewed by Kate et al. (2019), other general population estimates obtained with dissociation-specific screening or diagnostic tools have ranged from 0.8% to 1.5%, with an additional 0.2% to 8.3% for other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD), which may or may not present as similar to DID. Dissociative disorders as a whole ranged from 3.0% to 18.3%. […] DID has been determined to affect between 6% to 10% of inpatients (Horen, Leichner, Lawson, 1995; Ross, Duffy, Ellason, 2002). In an American outpatient setting, it was found to affect 6% of the population (Foote et al., 2006).
  • #11 Chronic complex dissociative disorders and borderline personality disorder: disorders of emotion dysregulation? | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Text
    https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2051-6673-1-13
    Across general population studies, the most severe DD, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has a prevalence of approximately 1% and has been found in .4 14% of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients, depending on the sample. […] The lifetime prevalence of BPD has been estimated to be 5.9% […] Most DDNOS/OSDD patients are similar in presenting symptoms, history, clinical course, and treatment response to DID patients, so DDNOS/OSDD is combined with DID here.
  • #12 Dissociative Identity Disorder Prevalence
    https://did-research.org/did/basics/prevalence
    In a meta-analysis of 31,905 college students, 11.4% had any dissociative disorder, with a range of 5.5% to 28.6% across samples. 3.7% had DID, and 4.5% had DDNOS/OSDD. […] The prevalence rate of DID does vary between countries, but epidemiological general population studies still place the prevalence of DID at 1.1-1.5% and the prevalence of any DSM-IV dissociative disorder at 8.6-18.3% (Martinez-Taboas, Dorahy, Sar, Middleton, Krgar, 2013).
  • #13 Dissociative identity disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder
    According to the American Psychiatric Association, the 12-month prevalence of DID among adults in the US is 1.5%, with similar prevalence between women and men. Population prevalence estimates have been described to widely vary, with some estimates of DID in inpatient settings suggesting 1-9.6%. […] Reported rates in the community vary from 1% to 3% with higher rates among psychiatric patients. As of 2017, evidence suggested a prevalence of DID of 25% among psychiatric inpatients, 23% among outpatients, and 1% in the general population. […] As of 2012, DID was diagnosed 5 to 9 times more common in women than men during young adulthood, although this may have been due to selection bias as men meeting DID diagnostic criteria were suspected to end up in the criminal justice system rather than hospitals.
  • #14 Dissociative identity disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dissociative-identity-disorder-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-assessment-and-diagnosis/print
    Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a complex, chronic condition characterized by disruption in autobiographical memory and in the sense of having a unified identity. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis of DID are presented here. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder with dissociative features are discussed separately. […] Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is one of several dissociative disorders.
  • #15 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    Dissociative identity disorder has been shown to be more common than previously thought. In one small US community study, the 12-month prevalence of the disorder among adults was 1.5%. The prevalence across genders in that study was 1.6% for males and 1.4% for females. […] Abuse may be the hidden feature in patients who are the most difficult to diagnose and treat. In 1984, by studying psychiatric inpatient charts, Carmen et al and Mills et al proposed a relationship between history of abuse and certain indicators of the severity of psychiatric symptoms. […] Incidence of child sexual abuse is difficult to estimate, partly because of differences in its definition and the varied factors that can contribute to its impact, including the age of the victims (ie, very young children who are not able to verbally report it), the relationship to perpetrators, and the characteristics of the family.
  • #16 Module 6: Dissociative Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders
    https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-6-dissociative-disorders/
    Dissociative disorders were once believed to be extremely rare; however, more recent research suggests that they may be more present in the general population than once thought. Estimates for the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder in U.S. adults is 1.5%, with women predominating in adult clinical settings. […] Research shows that dissociative amnesia occurs in approximately 1.8% of the U.S. population. It is estimated that about one-half of all adults have experienced at least one episode of depersonalization/derealization during their life, however, symptomatology that meets full criteria for the disorder is markedly less common than these transient symptoms. A one-month prevalence of about 1-2% was reported in the United Kingdom (APA, 2022).
  • #17 Dissociative Disorders | 5-Minute Clinical Consult
    https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816180/8/Dissociative_Disorders
    Predominant age: adolescents and young to middle-aged adults; rare as a new illness in the elderly. […] Predominant sex: female male (2:1). […] Lifetime prevalence rate ranges from 10% in the general population up to 46% in psychiatric inpatients. […] 3166% occur at the time of a traumatic event. […] Dissociative amnesia occurs in 27% of the general population.
  • #18 Module 6: Dissociative Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders
    https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-6-dissociative-disorders/
    Dissociative disorders were once believed to be extremely rare; however, more recent research suggests that they may be more present in the general population than once thought. Estimates for the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder in U.S. adults is 1.5%, with women predominating in adult clinical settings. […] Research shows that dissociative amnesia occurs in approximately 1.8% of the U.S. population. It is estimated that about one-half of all adults have experienced at least one episode of depersonalization/derealization during their life, however, symptomatology that meets full criteria for the disorder is markedly less common than these transient symptoms. A one-month prevalence of about 1-2% was reported in the United Kingdom (APA, 2022).
  • #19 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders commonly develop before the age of 20. […] Dissociative identity disorder has a prevalence of 1.3% in the general population. […] Dissociative identity disorder has a prevalence of 5.8% in substance-dependent inpatient populations. […] Approximately 2% of the general population goes on to develop a depersonalization-derealization disorder. […] Dissociative fugue has a prevalence of 0.2% in the general population.
  • #20 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders statistics suggest that these disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in the general population. Currently, there are no specific drugs used to treat dissociative disorders since they co-occur with several psychiatric disorders. […] The prevalence of dissociative disorders is how common these disorders are in a given population. In industrialized nations, the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at 2.4% of the population. […] In clinical settings (inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics), the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at nearly 10%. […] Women are disproportionately impacted by dissociative disorders. […] Asian and African Americans report higher rates of dissociative disorders over their Caucasian American counterparts.
  • #21 Dissociative Disorders, Conversion Disorder and Somatic Symptoms
    https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/psychiatry/dissociative-disorders-conversion-disorder-and-somatic-symptoms
    There are a very limited number of studies done on dissociative disorders, and usually, it is seen that the prevalence in males and females is the same. […] But, in certain conditions, females show more prevalence, like in conversion disorders in dissociative identity disorder, which is multiple personality disorder. […] Males may have more prevalence in disorders like Ganser syndrome. […] ICD-11 places it under dissociative disorders and is known as Dissociative Neurological Symptom Disorder (DNSD). […] In DSM-5, it is known as Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder and is classified under Somatic Symptom Disorder. […] Epidemiology: More in females than males, and generally, the onset occurs in late childhood to early adulthood.
  • #22 Dissociative Disorders | 5-Minute Clinical Consult
    https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816180/8/Dissociative_Disorders
    Predominant age: adolescents and young to middle-aged adults; rare as a new illness in the elderly. […] Predominant sex: female male (2:1). […] Lifetime prevalence rate ranges from 10% in the general population up to 46% in psychiatric inpatients. […] 3166% occur at the time of a traumatic event. […] Dissociative amnesia occurs in 27% of the general population.
  • #23 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    No racial group is exempt. Abuse has been reported from most racial, religious, and socioeconomic groups of people from most geographic, educational, and occupational backgrounds. However, higher rank-ordered scores for dissociation are reported in American children. […] Girls experience childhood sexual abuse more commonly than boys, with a female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Girls, more than boys, are most at risk for sexual abuse. […] Because most abuse cases occur during the preschool years, children may be particularly vulnerable to dissociation during those years. In 2014, the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) indicated that 17% of 702,000 reports were for physical abuse and that 27.4% of children who were abused were younger than 3 years. The victimization rate was highest for children younger than 1 year (24.4 per 1,000 children in the population of the same age). […] Adolescents with dissociative identity disorder are more likely to experience higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities.
  • #24 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders commonly develop before the age of 20. […] Dissociative identity disorder has a prevalence of 1.3% in the general population. […] Dissociative identity disorder has a prevalence of 5.8% in substance-dependent inpatient populations. […] Approximately 2% of the general population goes on to develop a depersonalization-derealization disorder. […] Dissociative fugue has a prevalence of 0.2% in the general population.
  • #25 Dissociative Disorders | 5-Minute Clinical Consult
    https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816180/8/Dissociative_Disorders
    Predominant age: adolescents and young to middle-aged adults; rare as a new illness in the elderly. […] Predominant sex: female male (2:1). […] Lifetime prevalence rate ranges from 10% in the general population up to 46% in psychiatric inpatients. […] 3166% occur at the time of a traumatic event. […] Dissociative amnesia occurs in 27% of the general population.
  • #26 7.3 Dissociative Identity Disorder – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders
    https://opentext.wsu.edu/fundamentalsofpsychologicaldisorders/chapter/7-3-dissociative-identity-disorder/
    Dissociative disorders were once believed to be extremely rare; however, more recent research suggests that they may be more present in the general population than once believed. […] Estimates for the one-year prevalence rate of DID is 1.5% (APA, 2022), with more women than men experiencing the disorder. […] Due to the high comorbidity between childhood abuse and DID, it is believed that symptoms begin in early childhood following repeated exposure to abuse; however, the full onset of the disorder may not be observed (or noticed by others) until adolescence (Sar et al., 2014) or later in life. […] Over 70% of people with DID have attempted suicide and other self-injurious behaviors are common (APA, 2022).
  • #27 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    No racial group is exempt. Abuse has been reported from most racial, religious, and socioeconomic groups of people from most geographic, educational, and occupational backgrounds. However, higher rank-ordered scores for dissociation are reported in American children. […] Girls experience childhood sexual abuse more commonly than boys, with a female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Girls, more than boys, are most at risk for sexual abuse. […] Because most abuse cases occur during the preschool years, children may be particularly vulnerable to dissociation during those years. In 2014, the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) indicated that 17% of 702,000 reports were for physical abuse and that 27.4% of children who were abused were younger than 3 years. The victimization rate was highest for children younger than 1 year (24.4 per 1,000 children in the population of the same age). […] Adolescents with dissociative identity disorder are more likely to experience higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities.
  • #28 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    No racial group is exempt. Abuse has been reported from most racial, religious, and socioeconomic groups of people from most geographic, educational, and occupational backgrounds. However, higher rank-ordered scores for dissociation are reported in American children. […] Girls experience childhood sexual abuse more commonly than boys, with a female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Girls, more than boys, are most at risk for sexual abuse. […] Because most abuse cases occur during the preschool years, children may be particularly vulnerable to dissociation during those years. In 2014, the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) indicated that 17% of 702,000 reports were for physical abuse and that 27.4% of children who were abused were younger than 3 years. The victimization rate was highest for children younger than 1 year (24.4 per 1,000 children in the population of the same age). […] Adolescents with dissociative identity disorder are more likely to experience higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities.
  • #29 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders statistics suggest that these disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in the general population. Currently, there are no specific drugs used to treat dissociative disorders since they co-occur with several psychiatric disorders. […] The prevalence of dissociative disorders is how common these disorders are in a given population. In industrialized nations, the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at 2.4% of the population. […] In clinical settings (inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics), the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at nearly 10%. […] Women are disproportionately impacted by dissociative disorders. […] Asian and African Americans report higher rates of dissociative disorders over their Caucasian American counterparts.
  • #30 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    Since mandated reporting began in the 1960s, the number of reports to children’s protective services (CPS) and law enforcement agencies has steadily increased. In 2014, the CDC reported approximately 702,000 victims of child abuse. Of these children, 58,000 were victims of sexual abuse. […] Pathological dissociation is less well known in certain parts of the world, especially in China. It can be easily detected among psychiatric patients but is much less common in general population. It is more frequent among subsamples of population with previous evidence of emotional or psychiatric trauma. […] An estimated 2000 children die each year of abuse. Head trauma is the most common cause of death from physical abuse. Intra-abdominal injuries from impacts are the second most common cause of death.
  • #31 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    No racial group is exempt. Abuse has been reported from most racial, religious, and socioeconomic groups of people from most geographic, educational, and occupational backgrounds. However, higher rank-ordered scores for dissociation are reported in American children. […] Girls experience childhood sexual abuse more commonly than boys, with a female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Girls, more than boys, are most at risk for sexual abuse. […] Because most abuse cases occur during the preschool years, children may be particularly vulnerable to dissociation during those years. In 2014, the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) indicated that 17% of 702,000 reports were for physical abuse and that 27.4% of children who were abused were younger than 3 years. The victimization rate was highest for children younger than 1 year (24.4 per 1,000 children in the population of the same age). […] Adolescents with dissociative identity disorder are more likely to experience higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities.
  • #32 Dissociative Identity Disorder Prevalence
    https://did-research.org/did/basics/prevalence
    In a meta-analysis of 31,905 college students, 11.4% had any dissociative disorder, with a range of 5.5% to 28.6% across samples. 3.7% had DID, and 4.5% had DDNOS/OSDD. […] The prevalence rate of DID does vary between countries, but epidemiological general population studies still place the prevalence of DID at 1.1-1.5% and the prevalence of any DSM-IV dissociative disorder at 8.6-18.3% (Martinez-Taboas, Dorahy, Sar, Middleton, Krgar, 2013).
  • #33 Dissociative Identity Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568768/
    Dissociative disorders show a prevalence of 1% to 5% in the international population. Severe dissociative identity disorder is present in 1% to 1.5% of this population. […] Patients may spend up to 5 to 12.5 years in treatment before being diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. […] Patients with DID come with increased rates of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts.
  • #34 Dissociation : Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 003-011 : Diagnosis, epidemiology, clinical course, treatment, and cost effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders and MPD: report submitted to the Clinton administration task force on health care financing refo
    https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/items/9993adcf-009b-4e6f-b97c-c49f710b1b96
    Dissociative disorders are highly prevalent mental disorders in North America with a reported prevalence of about ten per cent in the general population. […] The prevalence of these disorders is related to the prevalence of trauma in the general population. […] Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is a severe chronic mental disorder that affects about one per cent of the general population in North America and is associated with an early childhood history of severe trauma, primarily multiple forms of abuse before the age of five. […] MPD patients are already present in the mental health treatment system in substantial numbers. […] MPD patients commonly average 6 to 12 years in unproductive treatment and/or social welfare systems prior to correct diagnosis. […] There is evidence of considerable treatment efficacy for an intensive form of psychotherapy for MPD.
  • #35 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1%. However, the diagnosis can be made less frequently. This rate is similar to that of schizophrenia, and it is a public health problem that should receive attention. […] Despite prevalence rates being similar to those seen in schizophrenia, DID remains under-researched. […] In the wake of the research results and clinical experiences, it was determined that DID diagnosis was challenging. […] Although prevalence rates are similar to those seen in schizophrenia, not enough research has been done on DID. […] The combination of insufficient training in recognising trauma-related dissociation, limited getting to accurate scientific information about DID, symptom similarities with other disorders (such as borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and the aetiology debate has caused a deficiency when considering a diagnosis of DID. This leads to under- and misdiagnosis of the disorder, inhibiting effective treatment.
  • #36 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1%. However, the diagnosis can be made less frequently. This rate is similar to that of schizophrenia, and it is a public health problem that should receive attention. […] Despite prevalence rates being similar to those seen in schizophrenia, DID remains under-researched. […] In the wake of the research results and clinical experiences, it was determined that DID diagnosis was challenging. […] Although prevalence rates are similar to those seen in schizophrenia, not enough research has been done on DID. […] The combination of insufficient training in recognising trauma-related dissociation, limited getting to accurate scientific information about DID, symptom similarities with other disorders (such as borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and the aetiology debate has caused a deficiency when considering a diagnosis of DID. This leads to under- and misdiagnosis of the disorder, inhibiting effective treatment.
  • #37 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1%. However, the diagnosis can be made less frequently. This rate is similar to that of schizophrenia, and it is a public health problem that should receive attention. […] Despite prevalence rates being similar to those seen in schizophrenia, DID remains under-researched. […] In the wake of the research results and clinical experiences, it was determined that DID diagnosis was challenging. […] Although prevalence rates are similar to those seen in schizophrenia, not enough research has been done on DID. […] The combination of insufficient training in recognising trauma-related dissociation, limited getting to accurate scientific information about DID, symptom similarities with other disorders (such as borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and the aetiology debate has caused a deficiency when considering a diagnosis of DID. This leads to under- and misdiagnosis of the disorder, inhibiting effective treatment.
  • #38 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1%. However, the diagnosis can be made less frequently. This rate is similar to that of schizophrenia, and it is a public health problem that should receive attention. […] Despite prevalence rates being similar to those seen in schizophrenia, DID remains under-researched. […] In the wake of the research results and clinical experiences, it was determined that DID diagnosis was challenging. […] Although prevalence rates are similar to those seen in schizophrenia, not enough research has been done on DID. […] The combination of insufficient training in recognising trauma-related dissociation, limited getting to accurate scientific information about DID, symptom similarities with other disorders (such as borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and the aetiology debate has caused a deficiency when considering a diagnosis of DID. This leads to under- and misdiagnosis of the disorder, inhibiting effective treatment.
  • #39 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. […] Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. […] Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. […] Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. […] Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. […] Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. […] Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.
  • #40 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    Those who do not fully understand the issue of DID may associate the symptoms with many diagnoses. It may be overlooked that the signs refer to a single case. […] DID patients can be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Therefore, we think that in clinical interviews, patients should be routinely questioned about dissociative symptoms. […] There is a need for more broad-based studies in which the symptoms of DID are examined in more detail and sociocultural characteristics are also discussed.
  • #41 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    Those who do not fully understand the issue of DID may associate the symptoms with many diagnoses. It may be overlooked that the signs refer to a single case. […] DID patients can be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Therefore, we think that in clinical interviews, patients should be routinely questioned about dissociative symptoms. […] There is a need for more broad-based studies in which the symptoms of DID are examined in more detail and sociocultural characteristics are also discussed.
  • #42 Epidemiology of Dissociative Identity Disorder | SpringerLink
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-39854-4_7
    Dissociative identity disorder or DID is a mental health condition that has garnered more recognition in the past few years primarily due to sources such as television, comic books, and social media. DID has an estimated prevalence of 1.5% within the psychiatric world population; however, studies within the United States place this estimate closer to 1%, making it an exceedingly rare syndrome. Current evidence suggests a 25% prevalence among psychiatric inpatients, 23% among outpatients, and a 1% prevalence in the general population. […] Patients diagnosed with DID have a prevalence estimate of comorbidity with PTSD of 79-100%, MDD from 83 to 96%, and borderline personality disorder with a prevalence range of 31-83%. […] Current areas of debate also include the origin of the disease. More focus has been brought to previous studies regarding the pathogenesis and origin of the syndromes, and it has been postulated that the disease may be born out of therapeutic focus. Further research regarding the incidence and prevalence of DID within the entire population and subsets are required for more precise estimates regarding dissociative identity disorder.
  • #43 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    No racial group is exempt. Abuse has been reported from most racial, religious, and socioeconomic groups of people from most geographic, educational, and occupational backgrounds. However, higher rank-ordered scores for dissociation are reported in American children. […] Girls experience childhood sexual abuse more commonly than boys, with a female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Girls, more than boys, are most at risk for sexual abuse. […] Because most abuse cases occur during the preschool years, children may be particularly vulnerable to dissociation during those years. In 2014, the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) indicated that 17% of 702,000 reports were for physical abuse and that 27.4% of children who were abused were younger than 3 years. The victimization rate was highest for children younger than 1 year (24.4 per 1,000 children in the population of the same age). […] Adolescents with dissociative identity disorder are more likely to experience higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities.
  • #44 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    Two studies in North America demonstrated that 13.0-20.7 % of psychiatric inpatients had a dissociative disorder. […] In the general population, probands with a high level of dissociative experiences not only had elevated rates of childhood sexual and physical abuse, but also the rate of current psychiatric disorder was four times as high as the respective rates of other subjects. […] Although studies using specific instruments have began to correct this perception, the inclusion of dissociative disorders in general psychiatric screening studies is crucial for prevention of false negative diagnosis in future research, will facilitate better differential diagnosis between dissociative and other psychiatric disorders, and also help to gather detailed information about true comorbidities.
  • #45 Dissociative Identity Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568768/
    Dissociative disorders show a prevalence of 1% to 5% in the international population. Severe dissociative identity disorder is present in 1% to 1.5% of this population. […] Patients may spend up to 5 to 12.5 years in treatment before being diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. […] Patients with DID come with increased rates of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts.
  • #46 7.3 Dissociative Identity Disorder – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders
    https://opentext.wsu.edu/fundamentalsofpsychologicaldisorders/chapter/7-3-dissociative-identity-disorder/
    Dissociative disorders were once believed to be extremely rare; however, more recent research suggests that they may be more present in the general population than once believed. […] Estimates for the one-year prevalence rate of DID is 1.5% (APA, 2022), with more women than men experiencing the disorder. […] Due to the high comorbidity between childhood abuse and DID, it is believed that symptoms begin in early childhood following repeated exposure to abuse; however, the full onset of the disorder may not be observed (or noticed by others) until adolescence (Sar et al., 2014) or later in life. […] Over 70% of people with DID have attempted suicide and other self-injurious behaviors are common (APA, 2022).
  • #47 Dissociative Identity Disorder | Concise Medical Knowledge
    https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/dissociative-identity-disorder/
    Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the presence of 2 distinct alternating personality states that control a person’s behaviors and thoughts. […] Rare condition; prevalence in the United States: approximately 1%. […] Women affected more than men. […] Main risk factors are childhood sexual and physical abuse and psychogenic trauma. […] 85%-97% of those with DID report history of severe childhood trauma. […] Patients with earlier age at onset tend to have a poorer prognosis. […] Patients with undiagnosed or untreated DID are at higher risk of self-harm and suicide.
  • #48 Dissociative identity disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder
    DID diagnoses are extremely rare in children; much of the research on childhood DID occurred in the 1980s and 1990s and does not address ongoing controversies surrounding the diagnosis. […] There is a poor awareness of DID in the clinical settings and the general public. Poor clinical education (or lack thereof) for DID and other dissociative disorders has been described in literature: „most clinicians have been taught (or assume) that DID is a rare disorder with a florid, dramatic presentation.” […] Rates of diagnosed DID were increasing in the late 20th century, reaching a peak of diagnoses at approximately 40,000 cases by the end of the 20th century, up from less than 200 diagnoses before 1970. […] In the late 1970s and ’80s, the number of diagnoses rose sharply. An estimate from the 1980s placed the incidence at 0.01%.
  • #49 Dissociative identity disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder
    DID diagnoses are extremely rare in children; much of the research on childhood DID occurred in the 1980s and 1990s and does not address ongoing controversies surrounding the diagnosis. […] There is a poor awareness of DID in the clinical settings and the general public. Poor clinical education (or lack thereof) for DID and other dissociative disorders has been described in literature: „most clinicians have been taught (or assume) that DID is a rare disorder with a florid, dramatic presentation.” […] Rates of diagnosed DID were increasing in the late 20th century, reaching a peak of diagnoses at approximately 40,000 cases by the end of the 20th century, up from less than 200 diagnoses before 1970. […] In the late 1970s and ’80s, the number of diagnoses rose sharply. An estimate from the 1980s placed the incidence at 0.01%.
  • #50 Dissociative Disorders: Epidemiology
    https://www.brainkart.com/article/Dissociative-Disorders–Epidemiology_30476/
    Dissociative disorders are not among the more common psychiatric illnesses but are not rare. […] Few good epidemiological studies have been performed. Some estimate the prevalence at only 1 per 10 000 in the population, but far higher proportions are reported among psychiatric populations. In fact, the prevalence of the disorder seems to be associated to the specific population under study. For example, data from the general population suggest that the numbers are as high as 1%. On the other hand, the data seem to indicate that the numbers are even higher in specialized inpatient populations, as high as 3%. […] There has been a rise in reported cases, which may be attributed to greater awareness of the diagnosis among mental health professionals, to the availability of specific criteria, and to previous misdiagnosis of DID as schizophrenia or borderline personality disorder. […] Women make-up the majority of cases, accounting for 90% of the cases or more, in some studies. […] Dissociative disorders are ubiquitous around the world, although the structure of the symptoms varies across cultures.
  • #51 Dissociative identity disorder – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder
    Although research has appeared discussing the appearance of DID in other countries and cultures and the condition has been described in non-English speaking nations and non-Western cultures, these reports all occur in English-language journals authored by international researchers who cite Western scientific literature. […] A paper published in 2022 in the journal Comprehensive Psychiatry described how prolonged social media use, especially on video-sharing platforms including TikTok, has exposed young people, largely adolescent females, a core user group of TikTok, to a growing number of content creators making videos about their self-diagnosed disorders.
  • #52 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. […] Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. […] Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. […] Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. […] Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. […] Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. […] Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.
  • #53 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1%. However, the diagnosis can be made less frequently. This rate is similar to that of schizophrenia, and it is a public health problem that should receive attention. […] Despite prevalence rates being similar to those seen in schizophrenia, DID remains under-researched. […] In the wake of the research results and clinical experiences, it was determined that DID diagnosis was challenging. […] Although prevalence rates are similar to those seen in schizophrenia, not enough research has been done on DID. […] The combination of insufficient training in recognising trauma-related dissociation, limited getting to accurate scientific information about DID, symptom similarities with other disorders (such as borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and the aetiology debate has caused a deficiency when considering a diagnosis of DID. This leads to under- and misdiagnosis of the disorder, inhibiting effective treatment.
  • #54
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02629332
    The research literature on dissociative identity disorder is smaller than that on many other Axis I and II disorders. […] the epidemiology of dissociative identity disorder in a variety of cultures and countries; […] Foote B, Smolin Y, Kaplan M, et al.: prevalence of dissociative disorders in psychiatric outpatients. […] Ross CA, Duffy CMM, Ellason JW: Prevalence, reliability, and validity of dissociative disorders in an inpatient setting. […] Karadig F, Sar V, Tamar-Gurol D: Dissociative disorders among inpatients with drug or alcohol dependency.
  • #55 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    Two studies in North America demonstrated that 13.0-20.7 % of psychiatric inpatients had a dissociative disorder. […] In the general population, probands with a high level of dissociative experiences not only had elevated rates of childhood sexual and physical abuse, but also the rate of current psychiatric disorder was four times as high as the respective rates of other subjects. […] Although studies using specific instruments have began to correct this perception, the inclusion of dissociative disorders in general psychiatric screening studies is crucial for prevention of false negative diagnosis in future research, will facilitate better differential diagnosis between dissociative and other psychiatric disorders, and also help to gather detailed information about true comorbidities.
  • #56 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    Those who do not fully understand the issue of DID may associate the symptoms with many diagnoses. It may be overlooked that the signs refer to a single case. […] DID patients can be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Therefore, we think that in clinical interviews, patients should be routinely questioned about dissociative symptoms. […] There is a need for more broad-based studies in which the symptoms of DID are examined in more detail and sociocultural characteristics are also discussed.
  • #57 Epidemiology of Dissociative Identity Disorder | SpringerLink
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-39854-4_7
    Dissociative identity disorder or DID is a mental health condition that has garnered more recognition in the past few years primarily due to sources such as television, comic books, and social media. DID has an estimated prevalence of 1.5% within the psychiatric world population; however, studies within the United States place this estimate closer to 1%, making it an exceedingly rare syndrome. Current evidence suggests a 25% prevalence among psychiatric inpatients, 23% among outpatients, and a 1% prevalence in the general population. […] Patients diagnosed with DID have a prevalence estimate of comorbidity with PTSD of 79-100%, MDD from 83 to 96%, and borderline personality disorder with a prevalence range of 31-83%. […] Current areas of debate also include the origin of the disease. More focus has been brought to previous studies regarding the pathogenesis and origin of the syndromes, and it has been postulated that the disease may be born out of therapeutic focus. Further research regarding the incidence and prevalence of DID within the entire population and subsets are required for more precise estimates regarding dissociative identity disorder.
  • #58 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. […] Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. […] Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. […] Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. […] Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. […] Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. […] Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.
  • #59 Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805736/
    The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1%. However, the diagnosis can be made less frequently. This rate is similar to that of schizophrenia, and it is a public health problem that should receive attention. […] Despite prevalence rates being similar to those seen in schizophrenia, DID remains under-researched. […] In the wake of the research results and clinical experiences, it was determined that DID diagnosis was challenging. […] Although prevalence rates are similar to those seen in schizophrenia, not enough research has been done on DID. […] The combination of insufficient training in recognising trauma-related dissociation, limited getting to accurate scientific information about DID, symptom similarities with other disorders (such as borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and the aetiology debate has caused a deficiency when considering a diagnosis of DID. This leads to under- and misdiagnosis of the disorder, inhibiting effective treatment.
  • #60 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. […] Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. […] Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. […] Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. […] Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. […] Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. […] Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.
  • #61 Dissociation : Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 003-011 : Diagnosis, epidemiology, clinical course, treatment, and cost effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders and MPD: report submitted to the Clinton administration task force on health care financing refo
    https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/items/9993adcf-009b-4e6f-b97c-c49f710b1b96
    Dissociative disorders are highly prevalent mental disorders in North America with a reported prevalence of about ten per cent in the general population. […] The prevalence of these disorders is related to the prevalence of trauma in the general population. […] Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is a severe chronic mental disorder that affects about one per cent of the general population in North America and is associated with an early childhood history of severe trauma, primarily multiple forms of abuse before the age of five. […] MPD patients are already present in the mental health treatment system in substantial numbers. […] MPD patients commonly average 6 to 12 years in unproductive treatment and/or social welfare systems prior to correct diagnosis. […] There is evidence of considerable treatment efficacy for an intensive form of psychotherapy for MPD.
  • #62 Dissociation : Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 003-011 : Diagnosis, epidemiology, clinical course, treatment, and cost effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders and MPD: report submitted to the Clinton administration task force on health care financing refo
    https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/items/9993adcf-009b-4e6f-b97c-c49f710b1b96
    Further, there is evidence for cost effectiveness of treatment of MPD with substantial savings once correct treatment is initiated. […] Despite this, there appear to be subgroups of MPD patients with one patient group showing rapid resolution of all dissociative psychopathology and another group showing more chronicity. […] The latter group does achieve cost effectiveness for treatment, but at a slower rate. […] One major variable in discriminating these groups was the length of time in the mental health treatment system before correct diagnosis with the more slowly responsive group having a much longer chronic treatment career prior to correct diagnosis.
  • #63 Dissociation : Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 003-011 : Diagnosis, epidemiology, clinical course, treatment, and cost effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders and MPD: report submitted to the Clinton administration task force on health care financing refo
    https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/items/9993adcf-009b-4e6f-b97c-c49f710b1b96
    Further, there is evidence for cost effectiveness of treatment of MPD with substantial savings once correct treatment is initiated. […] Despite this, there appear to be subgroups of MPD patients with one patient group showing rapid resolution of all dissociative psychopathology and another group showing more chronicity. […] The latter group does achieve cost effectiveness for treatment, but at a slower rate. […] One major variable in discriminating these groups was the length of time in the mental health treatment system before correct diagnosis with the more slowly responsive group having a much longer chronic treatment career prior to correct diagnosis.
  • #64
    https://journals.lww.com/hrpjournal/fulltext/2016/07000/separating_fact_from_fiction__an_empirical.2.aspx
    The myths we have highlighted may also impede research about DID. […] Current research indicates that while approximately 1% of the general population suffers from DID, the disorder remains undertreated and underrecognized. […] The average DID patient spends years in the mental health system before being correctly diagnosed. […] Delay in recognition and adequate treatment of DID likely prolongs the suffering and disability of DID patients. […] The myths we have dispelled also have substantial economic costs for the health care system and, more broadly, for society. […] An enduring interest in DID is apparent in the solid and expanding research base about the disorder. DID is a legitimate and distinct psychiatric disorder that is recognizable worldwide and can be reliably identified in multiple settings by appropriately trained researchers and clinicians.
  • #65 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders statistics suggest that these disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in the general population. Currently, there are no specific drugs used to treat dissociative disorders since they co-occur with several psychiatric disorders. […] The prevalence of dissociative disorders is how common these disorders are in a given population. In industrialized nations, the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at 2.4% of the population. […] In clinical settings (inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics), the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at nearly 10%. […] Women are disproportionately impacted by dissociative disorders. […] Asian and African Americans report higher rates of dissociative disorders over their Caucasian American counterparts.
  • #66 (PDF) Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
    https://www.academia.edu/9972530/Epidemiology_of_Dissociative_Disorders_An_Overview
    General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. […] Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. […] Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. […] Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. […] Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. […] Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. […] Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.
  • #67 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders statistics suggest that these disorders are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in the general population. Currently, there are no specific drugs used to treat dissociative disorders since they co-occur with several psychiatric disorders. […] The prevalence of dissociative disorders is how common these disorders are in a given population. In industrialized nations, the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at 2.4% of the population. […] In clinical settings (inpatient and outpatient psychiatric clinics), the prevalence of dissociative disorders is estimated at nearly 10%. […] Women are disproportionately impacted by dissociative disorders. […] Asian and African Americans report higher rates of dissociative disorders over their Caucasian American counterparts.
  • #68 Dissociative Disorders | 5-Minute Clinical Consult
    https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816180/8/Dissociative_Disorders
    Predominant age: adolescents and young to middle-aged adults; rare as a new illness in the elderly. […] Predominant sex: female male (2:1). […] Lifetime prevalence rate ranges from 10% in the general population up to 46% in psychiatric inpatients. […] 3166% occur at the time of a traumatic event. […] Dissociative amnesia occurs in 27% of the general population.
  • #69 Dissociative Identity Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568768/
    Dissociative disorders show a prevalence of 1% to 5% in the international population. Severe dissociative identity disorder is present in 1% to 1.5% of this population. […] Patients may spend up to 5 to 12.5 years in treatment before being diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. […] Patients with DID come with increased rates of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts.
  • #70 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/916186-overview
    Dissociative identity disorder has been shown to be more common than previously thought. In one small US community study, the 12-month prevalence of the disorder among adults was 1.5%. The prevalence across genders in that study was 1.6% for males and 1.4% for females. […] Abuse may be the hidden feature in patients who are the most difficult to diagnose and treat. In 1984, by studying psychiatric inpatient charts, Carmen et al and Mills et al proposed a relationship between history of abuse and certain indicators of the severity of psychiatric symptoms. […] Incidence of child sexual abuse is difficult to estimate, partly because of differences in its definition and the varied factors that can contribute to its impact, including the age of the victims (ie, very young children who are not able to verbally report it), the relationship to perpetrators, and the characteristics of the family.
  • #71 Chronic complex dissociative disorders and borderline personality disorder: disorders of emotion dysregulation? | Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation | Full Text
    https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2051-6673-1-13
    Across general population studies, the most severe DD, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has a prevalence of approximately 1% and has been found in .4 14% of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients, depending on the sample. […] The lifetime prevalence of BPD has been estimated to be 5.9% […] Most DDNOS/OSDD patients are similar in presenting symptoms, history, clinical course, and treatment response to DID patients, so DDNOS/OSDD is combined with DID here.
  • #72 Module 6: Dissociative Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders
    https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-6-dissociative-disorders/
    Dissociative disorders were once believed to be extremely rare; however, more recent research suggests that they may be more present in the general population than once thought. Estimates for the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder in U.S. adults is 1.5%, with women predominating in adult clinical settings. […] Research shows that dissociative amnesia occurs in approximately 1.8% of the U.S. population. It is estimated that about one-half of all adults have experienced at least one episode of depersonalization/derealization during their life, however, symptomatology that meets full criteria for the disorder is markedly less common than these transient symptoms. A one-month prevalence of about 1-2% was reported in the United Kingdom (APA, 2022).
  • #73 Dissociative Disorders | 5-Minute Clinical Consult
    https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816180/8/Dissociative_Disorders
    Predominant age: adolescents and young to middle-aged adults; rare as a new illness in the elderly. […] Predominant sex: female male (2:1). […] Lifetime prevalence rate ranges from 10% in the general population up to 46% in psychiatric inpatients. […] 3166% occur at the time of a traumatic event. […] Dissociative amnesia occurs in 27% of the general population.
  • #74 Module 6: Dissociative Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders
    https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-6-dissociative-disorders/
    Dissociative disorders were once believed to be extremely rare; however, more recent research suggests that they may be more present in the general population than once thought. Estimates for the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder in U.S. adults is 1.5%, with women predominating in adult clinical settings. […] Research shows that dissociative amnesia occurs in approximately 1.8% of the U.S. population. It is estimated that about one-half of all adults have experienced at least one episode of depersonalization/derealization during their life, however, symptomatology that meets full criteria for the disorder is markedly less common than these transient symptoms. A one-month prevalence of about 1-2% was reported in the United Kingdom (APA, 2022).
  • #75 Dissociative Disorders Statistics, Prevalence, Symptoms and Diagnosis
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-disorders-statistics/
    Dissociative disorders commonly develop before the age of 20. […] Dissociative identity disorder has a prevalence of 1.3% in the general population. […] Dissociative identity disorder has a prevalence of 5.8% in substance-dependent inpatient populations. […] Approximately 2% of the general population goes on to develop a depersonalization-derealization disorder. […] Dissociative fugue has a prevalence of 0.2% in the general population.

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