Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hypersomnia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6139790/

  Adequate alertness is necessary for proper daytime functioning. Impairment of alertness or increase in sleepiness results in suboptimal performance and adversely affects the quality of life. […] Identification of the problem and understanding the underlying etiology is the key to timely treatment and better outcomes. […] Hypersomnia is a state of excessive sleepiness which can result in decreased functioning and affect performance adversely. […] Some of them are due to fundamental causes within the brain while some others are due to mild adaptive behaviors, systemic disorders, and medications. […] The overarching control on the regulation of sleep-wakefulness is provided by the circadian process (Process C) that provides the alerting signal, and the homeostatic process (Process S) which maintains constancy of sleep.

• #1 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia is when a person feels very sleepy during the day. This could be due to neurological factors or other medical conditions, such as sleep apnea, but sometimes there is no clear cause. […] Hypersomnia can be idiopathic, primary, or secondary. […] Primary hypersomnia is when hypersomnia is the main condition. It may be due to neurological causes or occur as a symptom of narcolepsy. […] Secondary hypersomnia results from another medical condition, such as: depression, multiple sclerosis (MS), nerve damage due to a head trauma, drug or alcohol use, a tumor, damage to the central nervous system, medication use, sleep apnea. […] People with conditions that make them sleepy during the day are most at risk for hypersomnia. […] Some people with hypersomnia can improve their symptoms with the right lifestyle changes and medication, although some people may never get full relief. […] Hypersomnia, sometimes called hypersomnolence, is when a person feels sleepy despite getting enough sleep. It may result from a condition that affects the individual’s ability to sleep, such as depression, or it may occur for no clear reason. In this case, there is likely some neurological cause.

• #1 Hypersomnia — Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments | Sleepopolis

  https://sleepopolis.com/education/hypersomnia/

  Hypersomnia is a neurological sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Hypersomnia can be a primary sleep disorder meaning it happens by itself or occur as a result of other disorders, illnesses, or lifestyle choices. […] There are two types of hypersomnia: primary and secondary. Primary hypersomnia means that the hypersomnia and its symptoms are the main issue, while secondary hypersomnia occurs as along with another medical problem. […] Types of primary hypersomnia include: Narcolepsy, a sleep disorder defined by excessive daytime sleepiness and what are called sleep attacks. These attacks cause the individual to immediately and uncontrollably fall asleep. Narcolepsy likely results from an autoimmune response that happens after a viral infection. […] Secondary hypersomnia occurs because of another disorder, or as a side effect of certain medications.

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20362332

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a condition that causes people to be very sleepy during the day even after a full night of sleep. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is not common, and the cause of the condition is not known. […] The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia is not known. […] Experts don’t know what causes idiopathic hypersomnia, so risk factors are not known.

• #1 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Hypersomnia, and Narcolepsy – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/treatment-tests-procedures/symptoms-side-effects/sleep-disorders/daytime-sleepiness-hypersomnia-narcolepsy.html

  Excessive daytime sleepiness, or EDS, is a condition that causes a person to feel very sleepy during the day. […] Hypersomnia and narcolepsy are sleep disorders that cause excessive daytime sleepiness. […] A variety of factors can influence the sleep-wake cycle and contribute to hypersomnia. These include: Brain injury due to the effects of a tumor, stroke, surgery, radiation, or head trauma; Medicines such as corticosteroids or pain medicines; Hormone changes; Depression or anxiety; Alcohol or drug abuse; Poor sleep habits and sleep disorders such as insomnia or sleep apnea. […] The causes of narcolepsy are not fully understood. Narcolepsy can sometimes run in families but often develops without a known cause. […] Damage to the hypothalamus, a brain structure that helps regulate sleep, can increase risk for narcolepsy. Some types of narcolepsy involve a change in the neurotransmitter hypocretin, a chemical signal produced in the hypothalamus. […] Children with a type of brain tumor called craniopharyngioma are at risk for narcolepsy. These tumors develop near the hypothalamus, Narcolepsy may occur due to the effects of the tumor itself or develop after surgery to remove the tumor.

• #1 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment – Sleep Advisor

  https://www.sleepadvisor.org/hypersomnia-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Hypersomnia is a sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness or longer nighttime rest. […] The primary types of hypersomnia are idiopathic hypersomnia, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and narcolepsy. The secondary types of hypersomnia are caused by medical conditions, medications or substances, regular insufficient sleep, or psychiatric disorders. […] The causes of hypersomnia are listed below. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a primary hypersomnia. IH is a neurological disorder. The cause of IH is unknown, but according to the Hypersomnia Foundation, IH may result from extra production of a specific molecule in the cerebrospinal fluid. […] Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is considered a rare disorder in which a person experiences periodic bouts of excessive sleep, higher food intake, and abnormal behavioral changes. The cause of KLS is unknown, but researchers hypothesize it may be hereditary and due to an impairment in the part of the brain responsible for regulating things like sleep and appetite.

• #1 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0301/p391.html

  Excessive daytime sleepiness is one of the most common sleep-related patient symptoms, and it affects an estimated 20 percent of the population. […] The most common causes of excessive daytime sleepiness are sleep deprivation, obstructive sleep apnea, and sedating medications. […] Other potential causes of excessive daytime sleepiness include certain medical and psychiatric conditions and sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy. […] Obstructive sleep apnea is a particularly significant cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness can occur secondary to sleep deprivation, medication effects, illicit substance use, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] Excessive sleepiness caused by a primary hypersomnia of central origin (e.g., narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia) is less common.

• #1 Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3506799/

  Excessive daytime sleepiness is a significant public health problem, with prevalence in the community estimated to be as high as 18%. Sleepiness is caused by abnormal sleep quantity or sleep quality. Amongst others, multiple neurological, psychological, cardiac and pulmonary disorders may contribute. Risk factors for excessive sleepiness include obesity, depression, extremes of age and insufficient sleep. […] In the clinical setting, two of the most commonly encountered causes are obstructive sleep apnoea and periodic limb movement disorder. There is continuing discussion of the mechanisms by which these disorders cause daytime symptoms, with intermittent nocturnal hypoxia, sleep fragmentation and autonomic dysregulation identified as important factors. […] The increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese subjects does not fully account for the increased rates of daytime sleepiness in this population and there is evidence to suggest that it is caused by metabolic factors and chronic inflammation in obese individuals.

• #1 Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3506799/

  The most commonly encountered cause of EDS in a clinical setting is obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Sleep apnoea results from total or partial occlusion of the upper airway during sleep, causing apnoeas and hypopnoeas that lead to intermittent hypoxia, arousal from sleep with resulting sleep fragmentation and disturbed sleep architecture. […] The factors determining EDS in OSA are not well understood; the severity of OSA measured by AHI does not correlate well with the presence or degree of daytime sleepiness. […] Many studies may have failed to identify clear risk factors for hypersomnolence because they attempted to evaluate a large number of variables in OSA patients with varying degrees of EDS. […] Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is another commonly-encountered sleep disorder and potentially a cause of daytime sleepiness.

• #1 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Common Causes and Treatments

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/health/excessive-sleepiness

  Many people with sleep apnea experience EDS. […] The sleep fragmentation caused by sleep apnea, as well as by other sleep-related breathing problems, leads to a variety of symptoms that include excessive daytime sleepiness. […] When circadian rhythms are disrupted, a sleep-wake disorder may develop, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Restless legs syndrome and related disorders can make it harder to fall asleep, as well as to stay asleep. […] Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that usually arises from a lack of particular chemicals in the brain. […] Certain mental health conditions may be linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] A number of medical conditions cause daytime sleepiness. […] Certain prescription medications, over-the-counter medicines, and recreational drugs may cause excessive daytime sleepiness. […] The treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness depends on its underlying cause. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness can be dangerous. […] When excessive daytime sleepiness is caused by sleep deprivation, the health consequences can be particularly severe.

• #1 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0301/p391.html

  Sleep deprivation is probably the most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Symptoms of sleep deprivation can occur after only one night of sleep loss, and persons who are chronically sleep deprived are often unaware of their increasing cognitive and performance deficits. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness is the most common symptom of OSA. […] Many medical conditions can cause secondary excessive daytime sleepiness, including head trauma, stroke, tumors, inflammatory conditions, encephalitis, and genetic and neurodegenerative diseases. […] Psychiatric conditions, especially depression, can also result in excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Narcolepsy, the most common of the primary hypersomnias, is reported to affect 0.02 to 0.18 percent of the adult population, but may be significantly underdiagnosed.

• #1 Excessive sleepiness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sleep-hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia is excessive sleepiness. There are many causes of excessive sleepiness, including insufficient or inadequate sleep, sleep disorders, medications and medical or psychiatric illnesses. […] There are many different causes, the most common in our society being inadequate sleep. This may be due to shiftwork, family demands (such as a new baby), study or social life. Other causes include sleep disorders, medication, and medical and psychiatric illnesses. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness can be caused by a wide range of events and conditions, including: […] Insufficient or inadequate sleep long working hours and overtime can be tolerated for months or years before the symptoms of sleepiness take effect. […] Environmental factors broken sleep can be caused by a variety of things such as a snoring partner, a baby that wakes, noisy neighbours, heat and cold, or sleeping on an uncomfortable mattress.

• #1 Excessive sleepiness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sleep-hypersomnia

  Shiftwork it is very difficult to get good sleep while working shiftwork, especially night shift. […] Mental states anxiety can keep a person awake at night, which makes them prone to sleepiness during the day. […] Medications such as alcohol, caffeinated drinks, tranquillisers, sleeping pills and antihistamines can disrupt sleeping patterns. […] Medical conditions like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland), oesophageal reflux, nocturnal asthma and chronic painful conditions can disrupt sleep. […] Changes to time zone such as jet lag can affect the internal biological clock, which regulates sleep. […] Sleep disorders such as sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, sleep walking, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia and insomnia may all cause sleep disruption or fragmented sleep.

• #1 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments – Amerisleep

  https://amerisleep.com/blog/hypersomnia/

  Chronic diseases, particularly those that cause inflammation or hormonal imbalances, are also associated with secondary hypersomnia. […] The cause of oversleeping can range from lack of exercise, stress, depression, sleep deprivation, to side effects of medication. […] For effective treatment, it is important to identify the specific cause as it directs the approach to managing the excessive sleepiness and associated symptoms. […] Identifying triggers for secondary hypersomnia can be complex. A comprehensive evaluation by a sleep specialist is key to pinpointing the factors leading to excessive sleepiness. […] The main cause of hypersomnia is unknown. It can stem from various sources, including sleep disorders like narcolepsy, sleep apnea, or the disruption of normal sleep patterns.

• #1 Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3506799/

  Recent work to establish the cause of EDS in PLMD has focused on the presence of autonomic arousals seen in this disorder. […] Obesity is a factor consistently linked to daytime sleepiness, with obese subjects twice as likely to report EDS than non-obese individuals. […] Metabolic disruption and chronic inflammation in obesity may be more relevant to EDS than the mechanical effects of excess weight. […] In both obese and non-obese subjects, depression is strongly associated with sleepiness. […] The prevalence of EDS also changes with age, with a number of studies finding increased EDS in the very young and very old. […] Cross-sectional studies have proved useful in identifying other risk factors for EDS in the general population, including shift-work, poor sleep hygiene and loneliness.

• #1 Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/sleep-and-wakefulness-disorders/insomnia-and-excessive-daytime-sleepiness-eds

  Many sleep disorders manifest with insomnia and usually excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). […] EDS is not a disorder but a symptom of various sleep-related disorders. […] Sleep disorders may be caused by factors inside the body (intrinsic) or outside the body (extrinsic). […] Physical disorders may interfere with sleep and cause insomnia and EDS. […] Most major mental disorders can cause insomnia and EDS. […] Insufficient sleep syndrome is probably the most common cause of EDS, which disappears when sleep time is increased (eg, on weekends or vacations). […] Insomnia and EDS can result from chronic use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (eg, amphetamines, caffeine), hypnotics (eg, benzodiazepines), other sedatives, antimetabolite chemotherapy, antiseizure drugs (eg, phenytoin), methyldopa, propranolol, alcohol, and thyroid hormone preparations.

• #1 Hypersomnia: a comprehensive overview and how to manage – Brightside

  https://www.brightside.com/blog/hypersomnia-overview/?srsltid=AfmBOoqsWup7MfTwOajrF4pkop3gPBEZuqcFPRgMyakyoP-ZFcxT5jV-

  The term hypersomnia itself means excessive sleep, and this sleeping disorder is characterized by sleeping a reasonable amount each night yet still having a hard time waking up. […] Hypersomnia can also exist as a symptom of mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety. […] Aside from the different types of primary hypersomnia, there are also different forms of secondary hypersomnia. […] Hypersomnia associated with a mental health disorder: Many mood disorders can also include hypersomnia as a symptom, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder. […] Hypersomnia due to medical conditions: Some medical conditions that can lead to hypersomnia include Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, multiple sclerosis, and obesity. […] Of all of the different types of both primary and secondary hypersomnias, idiopathic hypersomnia is most commonly associated with the term hypersomnia, and it has no known cause. […] However, some treatments that have been approved for the treatment of narcolepsy may also prove to be effective for the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia.

• #1 Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/factors-contribute-excessive-daytime-sleepiness

  Sleep disorders like hypersomnia and insomnia are common symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). […] Experiencing sleep disorders with ME/CFS may lead to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness can be a side effect of many types of medications, including antidepressants, anxiety medications, antihistamines, blood pressure medications, antipsychotics, prescription pain medications, and antiepileptic drugs. […] EDS can also be a side effect of lifestyle factors that cause you to lose sleep. […] EDS can also be caused by physical and psychological conditions that affect sleep and lifestyle factors, like chronic stress or shift work.

• #1

  https://phool.co/blogs/phool-blogs/what-are-the-causes-of-hypersomnia?srsltid=AfmBOoqCmxkvxzDMqrT7iA5lfZ9DV5BT6Rdwg3CxOReM9j2A4dVPZayh

  Substance Abuse: Alcohol and recreational drugs can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Diet: A poor diet lacking essential nutrients can contribute to fatigue and sleepiness. […] Stress and anxiety can significantly impact sleep quality. When your mind is racing with worries, it can be challenging to fall asleep and stay asleep, leading to daytime fatigue.

• #1 Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3506799/

  People suffering from EDS may self-medicate or use caffeine, exacerbating the problem. […] Daytime sleepiness is a common, debilitating and potentially dangerous symptom, which is likely to be under-recognised. It can be caused by multiple contributors, usually interfering with sleep quantity and sleep quality.

• #1 Primary Hypersomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-overview

  Hypersomnolence is an idiopathic disorder. Although head injury or viral infections can cause a disorder resembling primary hypersomnia, the true causes for most cases remain unknown. No genetic, environmental, or other predisposition has been identified. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness has been described in a subset of patients following viral illnesses such as Guillain-Barr syndrome, hepatitis, mononucleosis, and atypical viral pneumonia. Familial cases associated with HLA-Cw2, -Cw3, -DR5, -DR11, -DQ1, and DQ3 genotypes have also been reported, and it is known that there are overlapping features found in both idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy, though no consistent findings have been reported. […] Evidence suggests that a dopamine system dysfunction may occur in narcolepsy, while a similar malfunction of the norepinephrine system may occur in idiopathic hypersomnia. Decreased CSF histamine levels have been reported in primary hypersomnia, as well as in narcolepsy, but not in non-CNS hypersomnias, suggesting that histamine may be an indicator of a central (versus a peripheral) origin for hypersomnias.

• #1 Primary Hypersomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-overview

  A major advance in the understanding of the pathology of narcolepsy, a disorder closely related to primary hypersomnia, was made after the discovery of narcolepsy-associated genes in animals; ie, genes involved in the pathology of the hypocretin/orexin ligand and its receptor. Low CSF concentrations of hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2 in HLA DQB1*0602 were also found in primary hypersomnia, and a generalized defect in hcrt-2 transmission may be present in this disorder.

• #1 Hypersomnolence: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318677

  Hypersomnolence, or excessive daytime sleepiness, can occur even after a person has 7 hours or more of quality sleep. […] Researchers are still working to identify what interactions in the brain cause hypersomnolance. It is possible that people have an increase in brain chemicals that are known to cause sleepiness. This increase can act much like a sleeping pill. […] Although researchers have not yet identified the specific substance or molecule that may be involved in hypersomnolence, they believe it interacts with a substance called y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is responsible for promoting sleep in the brain. […] While these are known risk factors and potential contributors to the condition, some people may have hypersomnolence for no known reason. […] Hypersomnolence without a known cause is called idiopathic hypersomnolence, which affects an estimated 0.01 to 0.02 percent of the population.

• #1 Feeling Exhausted? Hypersomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | Sleep Centers of Middle Tennessee

  https://sleepcenterinfo.com/blog/feeling-exhausted-hypersomnia-and-excessive-daytime-sleepiness/

  Hypersomnia, again, tends to be a signal of a larger health problem that has gone untreated. […] If you have secondary hypersomnia, you can treat the underlying health issue, and reduce your odds of suffering a medical emergency. […] The exact cause of this syndrome is unknown, although a Stanford University study found that 72 percent of the cases studied were preceded by symptoms of infection. This leads some researchers to speculate that an autoimmune process may play a role in its development.

• #1 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder where you have an excessive need to sleep. […] The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia is unknown. Research is ongoing to learn more. Some studies suggest the following may play a role: […] Genetic variants (mutations). A gene variant may affect signaling and cell regulation within your brain, interfering with your sleep-wake schedule. […] An abnormal immune system response. Your immune system mistakenly targets healthy cells within your nervous system and sees them as a threat.

• #1 Idiopathic Hypersomnia | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia.html

  Excessive daytime sleepiness […] Hypersomnia means excessive sleep. Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia sleep a reasonable amount at night (at least six hours) but have difficulty waking up and always feel tired and sleepy. In addition to excessive daytime sleepiness, people with idiopathic hypersomnia may: […] There is little research in the area of idiopathic hypersomnia. Most likely, idiopathic hypersomnia is not a disease but a combination of symptoms with many causes. Excessive sleepiness may be due to: […] A brain abnormality of unknown cause. For example, some people with idiopathic hypersomnia have low levels of the brain chemical histamine. […] Low-grade unknown infections (starting after a flu-like illness) or brain damage. […] Some patients with hypersomnia may experience other psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression or psychosis. In additions, symptoms may be complicated by factors including:

• #1 Hypersomnia: Why does it happen? Can it be treated? Learn more here

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia is excessive daytime sleepiness, and it has many possible causes. For example, it may occur with sleep conditions, such as narcolepsy, or develop after a head injury. […] Secondary hypersomnia has many possible causes, which include head trauma and multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Experts know little about the cause of idiopathic hypersomnia, but they think that multiple factors play a role in its development. In some cases, the cause may be an overproduction of a molecule that increases sleepiness. […] Specific risk factors for hypersomnia are unclear, but some people may have a genetic predisposition to the condition. […] Hypersomnia may have several causes, and idiopathic hypersomnia is especially difficult to diagnose. Other causes of hypersomnia include sleep disorders, insufficient sleep, certain medications, and underlying health conditions, such as MS.

• #1 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sleep/excessive-daytime-sleepiness-facts/

  Depending on the type of hypersomnia you have, you may need medications or other therapies to treat an underlying condition that is causing the sleep issues. Other times, lifestyle changes to your sleep habits can help with this condition and this is nearly always the case when lack of adequate sleep duration is the cause of hypersomnia.

• #2 What are hypersomnia sleep disorders, such as idiopathic hypersomnia, narcolepsy types 1 and 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome? – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/

  Do you wake up unrefreshed, even though you slept all night? Do you feel sleepy during the day, struggling to stay awake or alert? Has this excessive sleepiness impacted your daily life for a few months or more? If so, you might have idiopathic hypersomnia or a related hypersomnia sleep disorder. We understand, and we can help. […] Hypersomnia sleep disorders are a group of long-lasting (chronic) sleep disorders of the brain — neurologic disorders. They cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), which is a strong daytime sleepiness or need to sleep during the day, even with enough sleep the night before. […] People with hypersomnia sleep disorders may have other symptoms that affect their sleep and their ability to function during the day. They often live without a correct diagnosis for a long time. They may blame themselves and struggle to keep up with work, studies, and relationships.

• #2 Hypersomnia Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypersomnia-overview-4582688

  Hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness) is different than sleep deprivation. […] Hypersomnia can be a symptom of depression. However, there are a number of other causes of hypersomnia, including breathing disorders, neurological conditions, and certain medications. […] A medical condition defined as hypersomnolence is characterized by hypersomnia due to a problem with the brain’s ability to regulate the sleep rhythm. There are several causes of hypersomnolence. […] There are a number of causes of excessive sleepiness. Hypersomnolence is considered the cause of hypersomnia when no medical explanation is identified. Certain rare medical conditions directly affect the sleep cycles in the brain, causing hypersomnolence. […] Common causes of hypersomnia include self-imposed or unavoidable sleep deprivation, hypersomnolence due to central nervous system (CNS) disorders, medical disorders, psychiatric disorders, and drugs or drug withdrawal.

• #2 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness – Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia – National Sleep Foundation

  https://www.thensf.org/excessive-daytime-sleepiness-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Excessive daytime sleepiness isnt just about being tired from a poor nights sleep its a recurring feeling of significant drowsiness that can make it hard to stay alert and awake during the daytime. […] Two of the most common sleep disorders, insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; see this link for more information) are clearly connected to feeling tired or sleepy during the day. […] Two of these more rare conditions are narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). […] Narcolepsy is a rare neurological disorder affecting the sleep-wake cycle. Its characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and other symptoms such as cataplexy (a sudden loss of muscle control), disrupted nighttime sleep, hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. […] Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is a rare sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness despite sufficient nighttime sleep.

• #2 Hypersomnia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6139790/

  Several neurotransmitter and neuromodulators are involved in the regulation of sleep-wakefulness. However, amongst these the two main neurotransmitters/neuromodulators implicated in hypersomnia are hypocretins (also known as orexins) and prostaglandin D2. […] Narcolepsy type 1(NT 1) is characterized by a deficiency of hypothalamic hypocretin signaling. […] The exact cause of this disorder is uncertain. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia(IH) is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness without REM sleep intrusion not explained by another disorder. […] Hypersomnia can be seen as a complication of head injury in up to 27% people. […] Hypersomnolence affects 16-50% of patients with Parkinson’s disease and can be seen in up to a quarter of patients with Multiple systems atrophy. […] Depression and Central hypersomnias share multiple common symptoms. […] Insufficient sleep syndrome ensues with increased somnolence. […] The treatment of hypersomnia should be primarily directed at the cause if there is one.

• #2 What are hypersomnia sleep disorders, such as idiopathic hypersomnia, narcolepsy types 1 and 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome? – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/

  Hypersomnia sleep disorders include: Idiopathic hypersomnia, Narcolepsy type 2 (without cataplexy), Narcolepsy type 1 (with cataplexy), Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS), Hypersomnia and narcolepsy associated with other disorders. […] These disorders overlap, especially idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 2, so we firmly believe that improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and support are more likely when we all join together.

• #2 Hypersomnia: Signs and Symptoms | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/hypersomnia-symptoms

  Hypersomnia can cause you to feel very sleepy during the day. […] With hypersomnia, you feel sleepy even when you have had enough sleep or long hours of sleep. […] There are several potential causes of hypersomnia. However, in some cases, you and your doctor may not be able to find the exact cause. […] Here are some causes doctors and scientists know about: presence of another sleep disorder, like narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea, drug or alcohol misuse, problems with the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary actions and reactions, other medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), depression, encephalitis, or epilepsy, physical problems, such as an injury to the central nervous system, a tumor, or head trauma, certain medications, such as antidepressants, opioids, and anticonvulsants, substance use and withdrawal, such as with alcohol, genetic predisposition such as a family member having hypersomnia or another sleep disturbance.

• #2 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Common Causes and Treatments

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/health/excessive-sleepiness

  Excessive sleepiness is a common condition that can make people fall asleep during times they are expected to remain awake. […] Excessive sleepiness may be a sign of a sleep disorder or another condition that could improve with treatment. […] Finding the cause of excessive sleepiness is the first step in getting relief. […] Chronic sleep deprivation, sleep disorders, mental health conditions, and medications can cause daytime sleepiness. […] People can become excessively sleepy during the day if they do not get enough hours of sleep at night. […] They may also have EDS if their sleep is low-quality and unrefreshing, even if they sleep for a sufficient number of hours. […] A frequent cause of excessive daytime sleepiness is sleep loss. […] Insufficient sleep can make accidents more common, depress the immune system, and contribute to obesity and cardiovascular problems.

• #2 Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3506799/

  The most commonly encountered cause of EDS in a clinical setting is obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Sleep apnoea results from total or partial occlusion of the upper airway during sleep, causing apnoeas and hypopnoeas that lead to intermittent hypoxia, arousal from sleep with resulting sleep fragmentation and disturbed sleep architecture. […] The factors determining EDS in OSA are not well understood; the severity of OSA measured by AHI does not correlate well with the presence or degree of daytime sleepiness. […] Many studies may have failed to identify clear risk factors for hypersomnolence because they attempted to evaluate a large number of variables in OSA patients with varying degrees of EDS. […] Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is another commonly-encountered sleep disorder and potentially a cause of daytime sleepiness.

• #2 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Common Causes and Treatments

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/health/excessive-sleepiness

  Many people with sleep apnea experience EDS. […] The sleep fragmentation caused by sleep apnea, as well as by other sleep-related breathing problems, leads to a variety of symptoms that include excessive daytime sleepiness. […] When circadian rhythms are disrupted, a sleep-wake disorder may develop, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Restless legs syndrome and related disorders can make it harder to fall asleep, as well as to stay asleep. […] Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that usually arises from a lack of particular chemicals in the brain. […] Certain mental health conditions may be linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] A number of medical conditions cause daytime sleepiness. […] Certain prescription medications, over-the-counter medicines, and recreational drugs may cause excessive daytime sleepiness. […] The treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness depends on its underlying cause. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness can be dangerous. […] When excessive daytime sleepiness is caused by sleep deprivation, the health consequences can be particularly severe.

• #2 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.clmsleep.com/excessive-daytime-sleepiness/

  Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs, which create an irresistible urge to move them. […] Circadian rhythm sleep disorders occur when the body’s internal clock is misaligned with external cues, such as light and activity. […] Certain neurological and mental health conditions can interfere with sleep, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Busy schedules, irregular sleep patterns, or poor bedtime habits can lead to chronic sleep deficits. […] Some medications induce drowsiness as a side effect, contributing to excessive daytime sleepiness.

• #2 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0301/p391.html

  Sleep deprivation is probably the most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Symptoms of sleep deprivation can occur after only one night of sleep loss, and persons who are chronically sleep deprived are often unaware of their increasing cognitive and performance deficits. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness is the most common symptom of OSA. […] Many medical conditions can cause secondary excessive daytime sleepiness, including head trauma, stroke, tumors, inflammatory conditions, encephalitis, and genetic and neurodegenerative diseases. […] Psychiatric conditions, especially depression, can also result in excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Narcolepsy, the most common of the primary hypersomnias, is reported to affect 0.02 to 0.18 percent of the adult population, but may be significantly underdiagnosed.

• #2 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Test & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hypersomnia/article_em.htm

  Hypersomnia is characterized by increased daytime sleepiness with regular or more extensive sleep patterns at night. […] Several circumstances and events might contribute to excessive daytime sleepiness, including: […] Insufficient or inadequate sleep: Long workdays and overtime can be tolerated for months or years before the effects of fatigue become noticeable. […] Environmental factors: A snoring partner, a baby that wakes up, noisy neighbors, heat and cold, or sleeping on an uncomfortable mattress are just a few of the factors that might disrupt your sleep. […] Shift work: Working a shift job, especially a night shift, makes it exceedingly difficult to get a good night’s sleep. […] Mental state: Anxiety can keep some people up at night, which increases their likelihood of becoming sleepy throughout the day.

• #2 Hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia is a neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness. It can have many possible causes (such as seasonal affective disorder) and can cause distress and problems with functioning. […] Hypersomnia can be primary (of central/brain origin), or it can be secondary to any of numerous medical conditions. More than one type of hypersomnia can coexist in a single patient. […] Hypersomnia can be secondary to disorders such as clinical depression, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, epilepsy, or obesity. […] Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. […] Hypersomnia can also develop within months after viral infections such as Whipple’s disease, mononucleosis, HIV, and Guillain-Barr syndrome.

• #2

  https://phool.co/blogs/phool-blogs/what-are-the-causes-of-hypersomnia?srsltid=AfmBOoqCmxkvxzDMqrT7iA5lfZ9DV5BT6Rdwg3CxOReM9j2A4dVPZayh

  Hypersomnia is a condition characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, even after a full nights sleep. […] Certain medical conditions can cause hypersomnia, including: […] Depression: This mental health condition can lead to increased sleepiness and fatigue. […] Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid can slow down metabolism and lead to fatigue. […] Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: This complex disorder can cause extreme fatigue that doesnt improve with rest. […] Neurological Disorders: Conditions like multiple sclerosis and Parkinsons disease can disrupt sleep patterns. […] Some medications, especially sedatives, antidepressants, and antihistamines, can cause drowsiness as a side effect. […] Lifestyle choices can also play a significant role in hypersomnia: […] Poor Sleep Hygiene: Irregular sleep schedules, excessive screen time before bed, and an uncomfortable sleep environment can lead to poor sleep quality.

• #2 Excessive sleepiness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sleep-hypersomnia

  Shiftwork it is very difficult to get good sleep while working shiftwork, especially night shift. […] Mental states anxiety can keep a person awake at night, which makes them prone to sleepiness during the day. […] Medications such as alcohol, caffeinated drinks, tranquillisers, sleeping pills and antihistamines can disrupt sleeping patterns. […] Medical conditions like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland), oesophageal reflux, nocturnal asthma and chronic painful conditions can disrupt sleep. […] Changes to time zone such as jet lag can affect the internal biological clock, which regulates sleep. […] Sleep disorders such as sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, sleep walking, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia and insomnia may all cause sleep disruption or fragmented sleep.

• #2 What is Hypersomnia?

  https://enticare.com/2023/02/10/what-is-hypersomnia-symptoms-causes-treatments/

  Hypersomnia, a sleep disorder marked by excessive daytime sleepiness and prolonged nighttime sleep, can significantly impact daily life. […] This condition can be caused by various factors, including other sleep disorders, medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle habits. […] Hypersomnia can be caused by a range of factors, including sleep disorders, medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle habits. […] Some common causes of hypersomnia include: […] Conditions like obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy can all contribute to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Certain medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism, anemia, and chronic fatigue syndrome, can cause hypersomnia. […] Sedatives, antidepressants, and other medications can cause drowsiness and excessive sleepiness as side effects.

• #2 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments – Amerisleep

  https://amerisleep.com/blog/hypersomnia/

  Hypersomnia involves excessive sleepiness during the day, impairing alertness and overall functioning. It is not just fatigue but a neurological disorder characterized by prolonged sleep duration and difficulty waking up. […] Hypersomnia can be either primary, with no clear cause, or secondary, associated with various medical and psychological conditions. […] Primary hypersomnia lacks a clear cause but involves issues in the brain system that regulate sleep and wakefulness. […] Secondary hypersomnia can be associated with a range of underlying medical conditions. It can be associated with neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, or brain tumors which disrupt the brain’s ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. […] Psychiatric disorders or mood disorders can trigger excessive sleepiness, such as depression or bipolar disorder.

• #2 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/excessive-daytime-sleepiness-8601373

  Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a symptom in which extreme sleepiness occurs during the day, even when you’ve gotten enough sleep at night. […] Possible causes for EDS include sleep deprivation, sleep disorders, and medication use. Excessive daytime sleepiness affects up to 20% of the population. […] Hypersomnia sleep disorders happen when something goes wrong with parts of the brain or nervous system that signal the body to be asleep or alert. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness is experienced by up to two-thirds of adults with major depressive disorder. […] A number of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications can cause EDS. […] Other medical conditions less commonly associated with EDS include head trauma, stroke, cancer, inflammatory conditions, and neurodegenerative conditions.

• #2 Hypersomnia Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & When Is It Dangerous

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_you_fix_hypersomnia/article.htm

  Hypersomnia is defined as excessive sleepiness. Excessive sleepiness can become a serious issue when you fall asleep in the middle of an activity. […] Hypersomnia is defined as excessive sleepiness. This can be either in the form of recurrent episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged night sleep. […] Based on the causes, hypersomnia can be divided into two types: […] Primary insomnia does not have any other medical problem as its cause. It is an idiopathic condition and the cause cannot be found. […] This is caused by conditions that include: Obstructive sleep apnea (cessation of breathing during sleep that results in snoring), Chronic kidney disease (CKD), Parkinsonism, Head injury, Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels), Depression, Heart problems, Restless leg syndrome (an uncontrollable urge to move the legs continuously), Narcolepsy (extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep), Bipolar disorder (mood swings that range from extreme highs to extreme lows).

• #2 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Test & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hypersomnia/article_em.htm

  Medication: Tranquilizers, sleeping pills, alcohol, caffeinated drinks, and antihistamines can disrupt sleeping patterns. […] Medical conditions: Esophageal reflux, nocturnal asthma, hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland), and chronic pain can disrupt sleep. […] Time zones: Changes in time zones, such as jet lag, can affect the biological clock inside the body, which controls sleep. […] Sleep disorders: Sleep disruption or fragmented sleep can be brought on by various sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, narcolepsy, sleepwalking, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia.

• #2 Primary Hypersomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-overview

  A major advance in the understanding of the pathology of narcolepsy, a disorder closely related to primary hypersomnia, was made after the discovery of narcolepsy-associated genes in animals; ie, genes involved in the pathology of the hypocretin/orexin ligand and its receptor. Low CSF concentrations of hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2 in HLA DQB1*0602 were also found in primary hypersomnia, and a generalized defect in hcrt-2 transmission may be present in this disorder.

• #2 Narcolepsy – Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute

  https://www.sleepmedicine.com/disorders.cfm?disorder=5

  It is believed that both genetic and non-genetic predisposing factors contribute to the development of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy equally affects both men and women. It usually starts during adolescence, but the onset can start as early as five years of age or even after the age of 60. It affects roughly 130,000 Americans or about one out of every 2,000 people. Although narcolepsy is perceived as a relatively rare disorder, its prevalence is the same as multiple sclerosis.

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia.html

  Excessive daytime sleepiness […] Hypersomnia means excessive sleep. Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia sleep a reasonable amount at night (at least six hours) but have difficulty waking up and always feel tired and sleepy. In addition to excessive daytime sleepiness, people with idiopathic hypersomnia may: […] There is little research in the area of idiopathic hypersomnia. Most likely, idiopathic hypersomnia is not a disease but a combination of symptoms with many causes. Excessive sleepiness may be due to: […] A brain abnormality of unknown cause. For example, some people with idiopathic hypersomnia have low levels of the brain chemical histamine. […] Low-grade unknown infections (starting after a flu-like illness) or brain damage. […] Some patients with hypersomnia may experience other psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression or psychosis. In additions, symptoms may be complicated by factors including:

• #2 Narcolepsy – Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute

  https://www.sleepmedicine.com/disorders.cfm?disorder=5

  Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are chronic sleep disorders that cause excessive daytime sleepiness, but they differ in their underlying mechanisms. […] The cause of narcolepsy has been discovered, whereas the cause of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown. Indeed, the term idiopathic hypersomnia actually means sleepiness of unknown cause. […] Narcolepsy is caused by a loss of the neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) in the brain. The loss of hypocretin (orexin) containing neurons is believed to be due, in most cases, to an autoimmune cause. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia also is believed to be caused by pathology within the brain, but its cause has remained a mystery. Although the degree of pathologic sleepiness may be prominent, daytime sleepiness in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia is generally not as severe as in patients with narcolepsy.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia: feeling tired all the time

  https://www.soundsleephealth.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia-feeling-tired-all-the-time/

  Idiopathic means without explanation or mysterious. Hypersomnia means excessive sleepiness. Idiopathic hypersomnia, or IH, is medically classified as a central disorder of hypersomnia. […] Primary IH is diagnosed only after no known cause for chronic excessive daytime sleepiness can be identified. […] Secondary IH occurs as a symptom of another medical condition. These include dysfunctional problems with nearly every system in the body, as well as sleep disorders. Once the root cause of these health problems is identified and treated, the symptom of hypersomnolence usually goes away and the IH diagnosis is discounted. […] There are a few theories about what causes IH. […] IHS is a central nervous system disorder caused by a molecular imbalance in brain chemistry related to the brains production and release of GABA (-aminobutyric acid), a substance which helps to promote sleep.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The exact cause of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown. […] There are limited data regarding the neurobiology and pathogenesis/pathophysiology of idiopathic hypersomnia, and there is no existing animal model for more detailed study. […] Many neurochemical studies regarding the disorder have been inconclusive. […] The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown. […] It is likely that the idiopathic hypersomnia syndrome is composed of several distinct disorders. […] Some studies indicate that idiopathic hypersomnia may have an immunological or inflammatory component, similar to narcolepsy type 1. […] A genetic basis for some cases of idiopathic hypersomnia is suggested by several investigations. […] In sum, despite several intriguing findings spanning the domains of CNS neurotransmitters, immunology, and genetics, the pathophysiology underlying idiopathic hypersomnia remains nebulous.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia: feeling tired all the time

  https://www.soundsleephealth.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia-feeling-tired-all-the-time/

  This molecular imbalance is caused by the presence of a newly discovered bioactive substance found in more than half of people experiencing hypersomnia; this somnogen enhances the inhibitory and sleep promoting actions of GABA and leads to IH. […] IH may not be a singular disease but a combination of symptoms with multiple causes, which could include undiscovered brain abnormalities, low-grade infections, and overlooked incidence of brain damage. […] A psychiatric component to IH may exist, presenting as anxiety, depression, or psychosis. […] These issues could be aggravated by irregular sleep schedules, low exposure to light, the presence of other sleep conditions, or poorly timed or dosed use of sedative or stimulant medications, leading to IH. […] Sometimes a person with hypersomnia has not yet identified a measurable root for their excessive sleepiness.

• #2 Hypersomnia: Why does it happen? Can it be treated? Learn more here

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia is excessive daytime sleepiness, and it has many possible causes. For example, it may occur with sleep conditions, such as narcolepsy, or develop after a head injury. […] Secondary hypersomnia has many possible causes, which include head trauma and multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Experts know little about the cause of idiopathic hypersomnia, but they think that multiple factors play a role in its development. In some cases, the cause may be an overproduction of a molecule that increases sleepiness. […] Specific risk factors for hypersomnia are unclear, but some people may have a genetic predisposition to the condition. […] Hypersomnia may have several causes, and idiopathic hypersomnia is especially difficult to diagnose. Other causes of hypersomnia include sleep disorders, insufficient sleep, certain medications, and underlying health conditions, such as MS.

• #2 Sleep and Hypersomnia

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-disorders-hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia, which refers to either excessive daytime sleepiness or excessive time spent sleeping, is a condition that makes it hard to stay awake during the day. […] This type of hypersomnia is caused by something else. Maybe you deal with excessive sleepiness because of physical or mental health conditions, drugs or other substances, an injury, or a genetic disorder. […] Some health conditions that can cause hypersomnia are: Parkinsons disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Hypothyroidism, Migraines, Vitamin deficiencies, Peptic ulcers, Epilepsy, Encephalitis, Multiple sclerosis, Obesity, Multiple system atrophy, Myotonic dystrophy, Mood disorders such as depression. […] There are several potential causes of hypersomnia, including: The sleep disorders narcolepsy (daytime sleepiness) and sleep apnea (interruptions of breathing during sleep), Not getting enough sleep at night (sleep deprivation), Idiopathic hypersomnia, Being overweight, Drug or alcohol abuse, A head injury or a neurological disease, such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease, Prescription drugs, such as tranquilizers or antihistamines, Genetics (having a relative with hypersomnia), Depression. […] Some vitamin and mineral deficiencies (vitamin D, vitamin B12) may make you feel sleepy during the day.

• #2 Hypersomnia — Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments | Sleepopolis

  https://sleepopolis.com/education/hypersomnia/

  Other causes of secondary hypersomnia include mood disorders. There is a strong link between hypersomnia and mental health issues, particularly depression. […] It may seem to go without saying that chronic fatigue syndrome is a common cause of hypersomnia. […] Sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related cause of secondary hypersomnia. […] Another sleep disorder associated with secondary hypersomnia is restless leg syndrome. […] Hypersomnia is a term which encompasses a broad range of sleep disorders involving excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Hypersomnia may be treated with stimulants such as modafinil or Ritalin that are commonly used for attention deficit disorder as they’ve been shown to help sufferers feel more awake, well-rested, and focused. […] Secondary hypersomnias caused by a condition such as multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, or depression may be preventable with proper diagnosis and treatment of the underlying issue. […] Primary hypersomnias such as idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy may not be preventable.

• #2 Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders – Slater – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/568/html

  Metabolic disruption and chronic inflammation in obesity may be more relevant to EDS than the mechanical effects of excess weight. […] In both obese and non-obese subjects, depression is strongly associated with sleepiness. […] The prevalence of EDS also changes with age, with a number of studies finding increased EDS in the very young and very old. […] Cross-sectional studies have proved useful in identifying other risk factors for EDS in the general population, including shift-work, poor sleep hygiene (e.g., using mobile phones before bedtime) and loneliness. […] Daytime sleepiness is a common, debilitating and potentially dangerous symptom, which is likely to be under-recognised. It can be caused by multiple contributors, usually interfering with sleep quantity and sleep quality.

• #2 Hypersomnia Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypersomnia-overview-4582688

  Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels) is another common cause of sleepiness. If you have hypothyroidism, you may experience hypersomnia during the day, even if you have had enough sleep. […] If you have hypersomnolence or idiopathic hypersomnia, there are some treatment approaches that your healthcare providers will recommend. Treatment for hypersomnia and hypersomnolence includes modifying your sleeping habits and potentially taking a prescription medication. […] Hypersomnia, or excessive daytime sleepiness, can make you feel tired during your waking hours, even if you are getting enough sleep. It can have a number of causes including lifestyle habits, hypersomnolence, medical conditions, and medication.

• #3 Hypersomnolence: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318677

  Hypersomnolence, or excessive daytime sleepiness, can occur even after a person has 7 hours or more of quality sleep. […] Researchers are still working to identify what interactions in the brain cause hypersomnolance. It is possible that people have an increase in brain chemicals that are known to cause sleepiness. This increase can act much like a sleeping pill. […] Although researchers have not yet identified the specific substance or molecule that may be involved in hypersomnolence, they believe it interacts with a substance called y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is responsible for promoting sleep in the brain. […] While these are known risk factors and potential contributors to the condition, some people may have hypersomnolence for no known reason. […] Hypersomnolence without a known cause is called idiopathic hypersomnolence, which affects an estimated 0.01 to 0.02 percent of the population.

• #3 Narcolepsy – Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute

  https://www.sleepmedicine.com/disorders.cfm?disorder=5

  Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are chronic sleep disorders that cause excessive daytime sleepiness, but they differ in their underlying mechanisms. […] The cause of narcolepsy has been discovered, whereas the cause of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown. Indeed, the term idiopathic hypersomnia actually means sleepiness of unknown cause. […] Narcolepsy is caused by a loss of the neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) in the brain. The loss of hypocretin (orexin) containing neurons is believed to be due, in most cases, to an autoimmune cause. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia also is believed to be caused by pathology within the brain, but its cause has remained a mystery. Although the degree of pathologic sleepiness may be prominent, daytime sleepiness in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia is generally not as severe as in patients with narcolepsy.

• #3 Causes of Excessive Sleepiness: Sleep Apnea, Narcolepsy, RLS

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea-daytime-sleepiness

  Sleep apnea is becoming a more common cause of sleepiness in children and adults. […] Sleep apnea occurs when the upper airway collapses for at least 10 seconds during sleep — and does so up to hundreds of times each night. […] Because your breathing is interrupted, so is your sleep, leading to sleepiness during school, work, or other activities. […] Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes disabling daytime sleepiness and other symptoms. […] Hypersomnia is what doctors call a variety of conditions in which you often feel overly tired or sleep too much. […] It can happen because of illnesses like epilepsy or Parkinson’s disease, or mental conditions like depression. […] Certain medications, as well as alcohol and drug abuse, can cause it as well. […] Sometimes, this excessive sleepiness has no known cause. That’s called idiopathic hypersomnia.

• #3 Hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia is a neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness. It can have many possible causes (such as seasonal affective disorder) and can cause distress and problems with functioning. […] Hypersomnia can be primary (of central/brain origin), or it can be secondary to any of numerous medical conditions. More than one type of hypersomnia can coexist in a single patient. […] Hypersomnia can be secondary to disorders such as clinical depression, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, epilepsy, or obesity. […] Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. […] Hypersomnia can also develop within months after viral infections such as Whipple’s disease, mononucleosis, HIV, and Guillain-Barr syndrome.

• #3 Hypersomnia Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypersomnia-overview-4582688

  Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels) is another common cause of sleepiness. If you have hypothyroidism, you may experience hypersomnia during the day, even if you have had enough sleep. […] If you have hypersomnolence or idiopathic hypersomnia, there are some treatment approaches that your healthcare providers will recommend. Treatment for hypersomnia and hypersomnolence includes modifying your sleeping habits and potentially taking a prescription medication. […] Hypersomnia, or excessive daytime sleepiness, can make you feel tired during your waking hours, even if you are getting enough sleep. It can have a number of causes including lifestyle habits, hypersomnolence, medical conditions, and medication.

• #3 Hypersomnia: What is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness?

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/hypersomnia/

  This disease can have different causes, but it is essential to consider the symptoms and see a doctor. […] Here are the main reasons that can affect the appearance of excessive sleepiness: Depression. In adolescents and young adults, excessive sleepiness can be a sign of depression. […] Approximately 40% of young people under 30 suffering from depression are diagnosed with hypersomnia. […] Neurological diseases include Alzheimers, Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, and brain damage. […] Hypersomnias in mental disorders account for 57% of all hypersomnias. […] Some medications. Sedation and excessive sleepiness are common side effects of many drugs used in medical practice, including various hypnotics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antidepressants, etc. […] Head trauma, tumors, and brain damage. Children with certain brain tumors such as craniopharyngioma are highly likely to develop hypersomnia.

• #3 Hypersomnia: What is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness?

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/hypersomnia/

  Post-traumatic hypersomnia caused by various injuries. […] Medicinal hypersomnia. Provoked by taking drugs that cause drowsiness. […] Iatrogenic hypersomnia. It is caused by certain drugs: beta-blockers, antipsychotics, antidepressants, etc. […] Psychiatric hypersomnia. Mental disorders cause it. […] Kleine-Levin syndrome. Hypersomnia occurs in episodes, accompanied by a growing feeling of hunger. […] Sometimes hypersomnia can develop without a known cause; this condition is called idiopathic hypersomnia. […] The average age of disease onset in different populations ranges from 16.6 to 21.2 years. […] There is a familial predisposition to the development of this disease. […] The causes of increased daytime sleepiness can be various stresses, a lack of sleep at night, and an increased need for sleep.

• #3

  https://phool.co/blogs/phool-blogs/what-are-the-causes-of-hypersomnia?srsltid=AfmBOoqCmxkvxzDMqrT7iA5lfZ9DV5BT6Rdwg3CxOReM9j2A4dVPZayh

  Substance Abuse: Alcohol and recreational drugs can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Diet: A poor diet lacking essential nutrients can contribute to fatigue and sleepiness. […] Stress and anxiety can significantly impact sleep quality. When your mind is racing with worries, it can be challenging to fall asleep and stay asleep, leading to daytime fatigue.

• #3 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Common Causes and Treatments

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/health/excessive-sleepiness

  Many people with sleep apnea experience EDS. […] The sleep fragmentation caused by sleep apnea, as well as by other sleep-related breathing problems, leads to a variety of symptoms that include excessive daytime sleepiness. […] When circadian rhythms are disrupted, a sleep-wake disorder may develop, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Restless legs syndrome and related disorders can make it harder to fall asleep, as well as to stay asleep. […] Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that usually arises from a lack of particular chemicals in the brain. […] Certain mental health conditions may be linked to excessive daytime sleepiness. […] A number of medical conditions cause daytime sleepiness. […] Certain prescription medications, over-the-counter medicines, and recreational drugs may cause excessive daytime sleepiness. […] The treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness depends on its underlying cause. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness can be dangerous. […] When excessive daytime sleepiness is caused by sleep deprivation, the health consequences can be particularly severe.

Zobacz więcej