Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Fibromyalgia Causes | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/fibromyalgia/causes.html

  No one knows for sure what causes fibromyalgia. But experts have some ideas, such as: […] Many people connect the start of their symptoms to a certain event. Examples include the flu, an injury or surgery, or emotional trauma and stress. An event of this type combined with other things, such as being more sensitive to pain and having sleep problems, may lead to fibromyalgia in some people.

• #2 Fibromyalgia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354780

  Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that involves widespread body pain. […] Researchers think that fibromyalgia affects the way the brain and spinal cord process painful and nonpainful signals. That increases your overall sensitivity to pain. […] With fibromyalgia, many researchers think nerves are affected in a way that causes the brain and spinal cord to change. This change involves an irregular rise in levels of certain chemicals in the brain that signal pain. […] In addition, the brain’s pain receptors seem to develop a sort of memory of the pain. They can start to overreact to painful and nonpainful signals. […] Many factors likely lead to these changes, including: Genes. Fibromyalgia tends to run in families. So certain gene changes might make you more likely to get the condition. […] Infections. Some illnesses appear to trigger fibromyalgia or make it worse. […] Physical or emotional events. Sometimes, fibromyalgia can be triggered by a physical event, such as a car accident. Ongoing stress also may trigger the condition.

• #3 Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3503476/

  Fibromyalgia syndrome is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption. The etiology of fibromyalgia is still unclear: if central sensitization is considered to be the main mechanism involved, then many other factors, genetic, immunological, and hormonal, may play an important role. […] The etiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia are still not fully understood. Several factors such as dysfunction of the central and autonomic nervous systems, neurotransmitters, hormones, immune system, external stressors, psychiatric aspects, and others seem to be involved. […] Central sensitization is considered the main mechanism involved and it is defined by the increased response to stimulation mediated by CNS signaling. […] An important involved phenomenon seems to be the windup which reflects the increased excitability of spinal cord neurons: after a painful stimulus, subsequent stimuli of the same intensity are perceived as stronger.

• #4 Fibromyalgia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/

  Fibromyalgia is considered a disorder of pain regulation and is classified as a condition of central sensitization. […] Experts have not identified a single cause of fibromyalgia. Instead, experts believe that a combination of multiple physical and emotional stressors can trigger or worsen symptoms. […] In patients with fibromyalgia, pain and sensory processing alterations occur in the CNS. […] Some identified causes include infections such as Lyme disease and physical or emotional trauma. […] Some studies suggest a genetic predisposition for fibromyalgia, although researchers have not identified a definitive candidate gene. […] First-degree relatives of patients with fibromyalgia have a 13.6 times higher incidence of developing fibromyalgia. […] Possible associated genes include COMT, the -opioid receptor, voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic pathways. […] A genome-wide study involving patients with chronic widespread pain has identified an association with the RNF123 locus and a possible association with the ATP2C1 locus, both of which are involved in calcium regulation.

• #5 Fibromyalgia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354780

  Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that involves widespread body pain. […] Researchers think that fibromyalgia affects the way the brain and spinal cord process painful and nonpainful signals. That increases your overall sensitivity to pain. […] With fibromyalgia, many researchers think nerves are affected in a way that causes the brain and spinal cord to change. This change involves an irregular rise in levels of certain chemicals in the brain that signal pain. […] In addition, the brain’s pain receptors seem to develop a sort of memory of the pain. They can start to overreact to painful and nonpainful signals. […] Many factors likely lead to these changes, including: Genes. Fibromyalgia tends to run in families. So certain gene changes might make you more likely to get the condition. […] Infections. Some illnesses appear to trigger fibromyalgia or make it worse. […] Physical or emotional events. Sometimes, fibromyalgia can be triggered by a physical event, such as a car accident. Ongoing stress also may trigger the condition.

• #6 Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3503476/

  Fibromyalgia syndrome is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption. The etiology of fibromyalgia is still unclear: if central sensitization is considered to be the main mechanism involved, then many other factors, genetic, immunological, and hormonal, may play an important role. […] The etiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia are still not fully understood. Several factors such as dysfunction of the central and autonomic nervous systems, neurotransmitters, hormones, immune system, external stressors, psychiatric aspects, and others seem to be involved. […] Central sensitization is considered the main mechanism involved and it is defined by the increased response to stimulation mediated by CNS signaling. […] An important involved phenomenon seems to be the windup which reflects the increased excitability of spinal cord neurons: after a painful stimulus, subsequent stimuli of the same intensity are perceived as stronger.

• #7 Fibromyalgia Basics

  https://www.savella.com/fibromyalgia-basics

  Fibromyalgia is a common, chronic medical condition that causes pain all over the body. […] Most research suggests fibromyalgia is not an autoimmune or inflammation-based illness; it is thought that abnormal signaling of the nervous system is involved. […] Some medical research has supported the theory of abnormal pain processing in fibromyalgia. […] Existing evidence shows that fibromyalgia does not result in muscle inflammation. […] Research studies involving functional brain scans have demonstrated fibromyalgia was associated with abnormal processing of pain signals in patients with fibromyalgia compared to those without fibromyalgia. […] Some research has suggested a causal link for genetics in fibromyalgia. […] Additionally, certain researchers have also linked fibromyalgia to emotional and physical trauma.

• #8 Fibromyalgia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354780

  Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that involves widespread body pain. […] Researchers think that fibromyalgia affects the way the brain and spinal cord process painful and nonpainful signals. That increases your overall sensitivity to pain. […] With fibromyalgia, many researchers think nerves are affected in a way that causes the brain and spinal cord to change. This change involves an irregular rise in levels of certain chemicals in the brain that signal pain. […] In addition, the brain’s pain receptors seem to develop a sort of memory of the pain. They can start to overreact to painful and nonpainful signals. […] Many factors likely lead to these changes, including: Genes. Fibromyalgia tends to run in families. So certain gene changes might make you more likely to get the condition. […] Infections. Some illnesses appear to trigger fibromyalgia or make it worse. […] Physical or emotional events. Sometimes, fibromyalgia can be triggered by a physical event, such as a car accident. Ongoing stress also may trigger the condition.

• #9 Fibromyalgia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/

  Fibromyalgia is considered a disorder of pain regulation and is classified as a condition of central sensitization. […] Experts have not identified a single cause of fibromyalgia. Instead, experts believe that a combination of multiple physical and emotional stressors can trigger or worsen symptoms. […] In patients with fibromyalgia, pain and sensory processing alterations occur in the CNS. […] Some identified causes include infections such as Lyme disease and physical or emotional trauma. […] Some studies suggest a genetic predisposition for fibromyalgia, although researchers have not identified a definitive candidate gene. […] First-degree relatives of patients with fibromyalgia have a 13.6 times higher incidence of developing fibromyalgia. […] Possible associated genes include COMT, the -opioid receptor, voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic pathways. […] A genome-wide study involving patients with chronic widespread pain has identified an association with the RNF123 locus and a possible association with the ATP2C1 locus, both of which are involved in calcium regulation.

• #10 What Causes Fibromyalgia? Risk Factors and Triggers

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-fibromyalgia-7557801

  It is not known precisely what causes fibromyalgia (FM). Most commonly, it is believed to be related to changes in how the central nervous system processes pain messages, possibly due to abnormal levels of certain chemicals in the brain. It is also thought to have a genetic component. FM may also be triggered by physical or emotional trauma, stress, or infection. […] While it is widely accepted that people with FM process pain differently, why this happens has not been pinpointed. […] One theory proposes that genetic and environmental factors (such as trauma, illness, emotional distress, or other triggers) may make some people more likely to develop FM. […] Vitamin and mineral deficiencies have been associated with FM and other conditions related to chronic pain. It is unknown whether there is a causal relationship or an association between these deficiencies and FM.

• #11 Fibromyalgia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/

  Fibromyalgia is considered a disorder of pain regulation and is classified as a condition of central sensitization. […] Experts have not identified a single cause of fibromyalgia. Instead, experts believe that a combination of multiple physical and emotional stressors can trigger or worsen symptoms. […] In patients with fibromyalgia, pain and sensory processing alterations occur in the CNS. […] Some identified causes include infections such as Lyme disease and physical or emotional trauma. […] Some studies suggest a genetic predisposition for fibromyalgia, although researchers have not identified a definitive candidate gene. […] First-degree relatives of patients with fibromyalgia have a 13.6 times higher incidence of developing fibromyalgia. […] Possible associated genes include COMT, the -opioid receptor, voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic pathways. […] A genome-wide study involving patients with chronic widespread pain has identified an association with the RNF123 locus and a possible association with the ATP2C1 locus, both of which are involved in calcium regulation.

• #12 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  Pain normally serves a protective role, forcing you to take it easy so your damaged tissues heal. It’s a danger signal that prevents you from risking further injury. Yet the chronic pain of fibromyalgia has long outlived its purpose, resulting in a disease of the CNS as well as the peripheral systems that communicate with it. […] First degree blood relatives of fibromyalgia patients are 8.5 times more likely to develop this condition. Looking at just siblings, if a brother or sister has this disease, the chance of other siblings developing it is one in four. Overall, the risk of fibromyalgia surfacing appears governed by a fifty-fifty combination of genetics and the triggering event. Of course, this is just a guess because what causes all your fibromyalgia symptoms is still hazy. […] Genetic alterations in the body’s production of pain-relieving chemicals tend to occur more commonly in fibromyalgia. For example, researchers identified differences in serotonin and dopamine production as well as changes in the way opioids work. However, each abnormality only occurs in a subset of patients and many more will likely be found. These genetic changes explain the variability in symptoms, but no one culprit appears to cause fibromyalgia.

• #13 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  Pain normally serves a protective role, forcing you to take it easy so your damaged tissues heal. It’s a danger signal that prevents you from risking further injury. Yet the chronic pain of fibromyalgia has long outlived its purpose, resulting in a disease of the CNS as well as the peripheral systems that communicate with it. […] First degree blood relatives of fibromyalgia patients are 8.5 times more likely to develop this condition. Looking at just siblings, if a brother or sister has this disease, the chance of other siblings developing it is one in four. Overall, the risk of fibromyalgia surfacing appears governed by a fifty-fifty combination of genetics and the triggering event. Of course, this is just a guess because what causes all your fibromyalgia symptoms is still hazy. […] Genetic alterations in the body’s production of pain-relieving chemicals tend to occur more commonly in fibromyalgia. For example, researchers identified differences in serotonin and dopamine production as well as changes in the way opioids work. However, each abnormality only occurs in a subset of patients and many more will likely be found. These genetic changes explain the variability in symptoms, but no one culprit appears to cause fibromyalgia.

• #14 Fibromyalgia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibromyalgia

  Fibromyalgia is a functional somatic medical syndrome with symptoms of chronic widespread pain, accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbance including awakening unrefreshed, and cognitive symptoms. […] The causes of fibromyalgia are unknown, with several pathophysiologies proposed. […] The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. […] However, several risk factors, genetic and environmental, have been identified. […] Genetics plays a major role in fibromyalgia and may explain up to 50% of the disease’s susceptibility. […] Fibromyalgia is potentially associated with polymorphisms of genes in the serotoninergic, dopaminergic and catecholaminergic systems. […] Stress may be an important precipitating factor in the development of fibromyalgia. […] A 2022 review found that between 6% and 27% of people with FM reported an infectious inciting event (e.g. Epstein-Barr virus, Lyme disease), with up to 40% describing worsening symptoms after infection.

• #15 Fibromyalgia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/

  Fibromyalgia is considered a disorder of pain regulation and is classified as a condition of central sensitization. […] Experts have not identified a single cause of fibromyalgia. Instead, experts believe that a combination of multiple physical and emotional stressors can trigger or worsen symptoms. […] In patients with fibromyalgia, pain and sensory processing alterations occur in the CNS. […] Some identified causes include infections such as Lyme disease and physical or emotional trauma. […] Some studies suggest a genetic predisposition for fibromyalgia, although researchers have not identified a definitive candidate gene. […] First-degree relatives of patients with fibromyalgia have a 13.6 times higher incidence of developing fibromyalgia. […] Possible associated genes include COMT, the -opioid receptor, voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic pathways. […] A genome-wide study involving patients with chronic widespread pain has identified an association with the RNF123 locus and a possible association with the ATP2C1 locus, both of which are involved in calcium regulation.

• #16 Fibromyalgia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/

  Fibromyalgia is considered a disorder of pain regulation and is classified as a condition of central sensitization. […] Experts have not identified a single cause of fibromyalgia. Instead, experts believe that a combination of multiple physical and emotional stressors can trigger or worsen symptoms. […] In patients with fibromyalgia, pain and sensory processing alterations occur in the CNS. […] Some identified causes include infections such as Lyme disease and physical or emotional trauma. […] Some studies suggest a genetic predisposition for fibromyalgia, although researchers have not identified a definitive candidate gene. […] First-degree relatives of patients with fibromyalgia have a 13.6 times higher incidence of developing fibromyalgia. […] Possible associated genes include COMT, the -opioid receptor, voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic pathways. […] A genome-wide study involving patients with chronic widespread pain has identified an association with the RNF123 locus and a possible association with the ATP2C1 locus, both of which are involved in calcium regulation.

• #17 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  Pain normally serves a protective role, forcing you to take it easy so your damaged tissues heal. It’s a danger signal that prevents you from risking further injury. Yet the chronic pain of fibromyalgia has long outlived its purpose, resulting in a disease of the CNS as well as the peripheral systems that communicate with it. […] First degree blood relatives of fibromyalgia patients are 8.5 times more likely to develop this condition. Looking at just siblings, if a brother or sister has this disease, the chance of other siblings developing it is one in four. Overall, the risk of fibromyalgia surfacing appears governed by a fifty-fifty combination of genetics and the triggering event. Of course, this is just a guess because what causes all your fibromyalgia symptoms is still hazy. […] Genetic alterations in the body’s production of pain-relieving chemicals tend to occur more commonly in fibromyalgia. For example, researchers identified differences in serotonin and dopamine production as well as changes in the way opioids work. However, each abnormality only occurs in a subset of patients and many more will likely be found. These genetic changes explain the variability in symptoms, but no one culprit appears to cause fibromyalgia.

• #18

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fibromyalgia/causes/

  It’s not clear why some people develop fibromyalgia. The exact cause is unknown, but it’s likely that a number of factors are involved. […] One of the main theories is that people with fibromyalgia have developed changes in the way the central nervous system processes the pain messages carried around the body. […] Research has suggested genetics may play a small part in the development of fibromyalgia, with some people perhaps more likely than others to develop the condition because of their genes. […] Fibromyalgia is often triggered by an event that causes physical stress or emotional (psychological) stress.

• #19 Fibromyalgia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354780

  Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that involves widespread body pain. […] Researchers think that fibromyalgia affects the way the brain and spinal cord process painful and nonpainful signals. That increases your overall sensitivity to pain. […] With fibromyalgia, many researchers think nerves are affected in a way that causes the brain and spinal cord to change. This change involves an irregular rise in levels of certain chemicals in the brain that signal pain. […] In addition, the brain’s pain receptors seem to develop a sort of memory of the pain. They can start to overreact to painful and nonpainful signals. […] Many factors likely lead to these changes, including: Genes. Fibromyalgia tends to run in families. So certain gene changes might make you more likely to get the condition. […] Infections. Some illnesses appear to trigger fibromyalgia or make it worse. […] Physical or emotional events. Sometimes, fibromyalgia can be triggered by a physical event, such as a car accident. Ongoing stress also may trigger the condition.

• #20 Fibromyalgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329838-overview

  The etiology of fibromyalgia is multifactorial and includes both environmental and genetic factors. While the causes of fibromyalgia have not yet been fully clarified, remarkable progress in the understanding of this disorder has been made. For example, with the identification of central sensitization and abnormal central nociceptive processing in affected patients, fibromyalgia pain can now be classified as a neurosensory disorder. Increasing evidence points to „complex, dynamic, and mutual crosstalk between neurophysiological and psychosocial domains.” […] Certain biologic variables contribute to the development and persistence of fibromyalgia, although none, as a single element, explains all facets of fibromyalgia. Certain variables (eg, physical trauma, exposure to toxins) have been widely incriminated by the public, particularly in medicolegal settings, but are actually of little significance in the etiology of fibromyalgia, as shown by prospective studies.

• #21 Top 10 Causes of Fibromyalgia Flare-ups FIbromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue

  https://drpancake.com/top-10-causes-of-fibromyalgia-flare-ups/

  Fibromyalgia has been referred to as a pain amplification syndrome, meaning that people who experience the condition perceive pain differently than those without it. […] Many cases of fibromyalgia either first arise or are worsened by some type of physical injury or trauma. One thing that a lot of fibromyalgia sufferers have in common is some type of head or neck injury, such as whiplash, that preceded the onset of their symptoms. […] It is well known that people who suffer from fibromyalgia process pain differently than those without the condition. […] When the vertebrae that sit just underneath the base of the skull where the brainstem exits misalign, it can cause irritation and pressure that impedes the body’s ability to send and receive pain processing signals normally.

• #22 Fibromyalgia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fibromyalgia

  Researchers think certain gene mutations may play a role. Theyve identified a few possible genes that affect the transmission of chemical pain signals between nerve cells. […] A past illness could trigger fibromyalgia or make its symptoms worse. Infections that have possible links to fibromyalgia include: flu, pneumonia, Epstein-Barr virus, gastrointestinal infections, such as those caused by the bacteria Salmonella and Shigella. […] People who go through severe physical or emotional trauma may develop fibromyalgia. The condition has been linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Like trauma, stress can have long-lasting effects on your body. Stress has been linked to hormonal changes that could contribute to fibromyalgia.

• #23 Fibromyalgia Classification, Triggers, and Etiology

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/fibromyalgia-classification-triggers-and-etiology

  Our evolving understanding of the potential causes of fibromyalgia, and its placement along a continuum of related conditions, informs an individualized treatment approach. […] Any clinician who regularly deals with fibromyalgia understands that it is a syndrome, not a disease, and that it is based not in the muscles and tendons, but in the central nervous system, and expresses pathology of pain perception rather than a peripheral abnormal process. […] Fibromyalgia triggers may be grouped into several categories: Cervical pathology, Metabolic/endocrine conditions, Inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, Peripheral/central nervous system conditions, Mixed. […] Several inflammatory/autoimmune conditions are associated with fibromyalgia symptoms, including Epstein-Barr and cytomegalovirus infections, hepatitis B and C, myositis, multiple sclerosis, and celiac disease, Lyme disease, and polymyalgia rheumatica.

• #24 Fibromyalgia | Causes, symptoms, treatment | Versus Arthritis

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/fibromyalgia/

  Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that causes pain and tenderness all over your body. […] Its thought to be caused by your nervous system in your brain and spine not being able to control or process pain signals from other parts of your body. […] We dont currently know the exact reason why people get fibromyalgia. But there does seem to be a common link with things such as arthritis, a traumatic event, and mental health and well-being. […] Fibromyalgia isnt caused by damage or an injury to the body. But it does increase the sensitivity of your nerve endings, which means you could feel pain from a small amount of pressure or minor knocks. […] One theory is that the condition is caused by problems with a persons central nervous system which controls all the sensations and movements the body makes.

• #25 Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3503476/

  Apart from augmented neuronal mechanisms, glial cell activation also appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia because they help to modulate pain transmission in the spinal cord. […] Various neurotransmitters seem to be involved in the central sensitization. Serotonin (5-HT) has a significant role in the modulation of pain, and several studies have been carried out looking for modified levels of this molecule in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). […] Genetic predisposition is likely to be an important factor as suggested by several familial studies, and transmission is thought to be polygenic. […] Fibromyalgia is common in patients affected by autoimmune disease. […] Psychiatric problems seem to contribute considerably to the development of fibromyalgia. […] Infections seem to be able to induce fibromyalgia even if a direct causal relationship is not documented. […] Physical trauma, vaccinations, and chemical substances may also be trigger factors.

• #26 Fibromyalgia Pain: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | DW

  https://www.disabled-world.com/health/fibromyalgia/

  There is a belief of some researchers that either bacterial or viral infections may trigger Fibromyalgia. […] Sleeping patterns, according to some researchers, might be one potential cause of Fibromyalgia instead of just a symptom. […] Decreased blood flow to the muscles, as well as deconditioning, are examples of things that could contribute to fatigue and decreased strength in persons with Fibromyalgia. […] The effects of psychological stress are also a potential cause of Fibromyalgia.

• #27 Fibromyalgia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibromyalgia

  Fibromyalgia is a functional somatic medical syndrome with symptoms of chronic widespread pain, accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbance including awakening unrefreshed, and cognitive symptoms. […] The causes of fibromyalgia are unknown, with several pathophysiologies proposed. […] The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. […] However, several risk factors, genetic and environmental, have been identified. […] Genetics plays a major role in fibromyalgia and may explain up to 50% of the disease’s susceptibility. […] Fibromyalgia is potentially associated with polymorphisms of genes in the serotoninergic, dopaminergic and catecholaminergic systems. […] Stress may be an important precipitating factor in the development of fibromyalgia. […] A 2022 review found that between 6% and 27% of people with FM reported an infectious inciting event (e.g. Epstein-Barr virus, Lyme disease), with up to 40% describing worsening symptoms after infection.

• #28 Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3503476/

  Apart from augmented neuronal mechanisms, glial cell activation also appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia because they help to modulate pain transmission in the spinal cord. […] Various neurotransmitters seem to be involved in the central sensitization. Serotonin (5-HT) has a significant role in the modulation of pain, and several studies have been carried out looking for modified levels of this molecule in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). […] Genetic predisposition is likely to be an important factor as suggested by several familial studies, and transmission is thought to be polygenic. […] Fibromyalgia is common in patients affected by autoimmune disease. […] Psychiatric problems seem to contribute considerably to the development of fibromyalgia. […] Infections seem to be able to induce fibromyalgia even if a direct causal relationship is not documented. […] Physical trauma, vaccinations, and chemical substances may also be trigger factors.

• #29 Fibromyalgia Causes: Genetics, Triggers and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fibromyalgia-causes

  The cause of fibromyalgia is still a bit of a mystery. But theres research that points to several possible factors, including risk factors that may raise a persons chance of developing the condition. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes fibromyalgia, but there are a few factors: […] In people with fibromyalgia, the nervous system may not process pain signals in the usual way. Abnormal levels of chemicals in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that carry these signals may make people more sensitive to the feeling of pain. […] Hormones such as serotonin, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine help your body to process pain. Lower-than-normal levels of these hormones in the brain and nervous system may interrupt pain signals and increase your sensitivity to them. […] IL-6 and IL-8 are cytokines, which are substances secreted by cells in the immune system. These particular molecules play a role in inflammation and are associated with fibromyalgia.

• #30 Fibromyalgia Causes: Genetics, Triggers and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fibromyalgia-causes

  The cause of fibromyalgia is still a bit of a mystery. But theres research that points to several possible factors, including risk factors that may raise a persons chance of developing the condition. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes fibromyalgia, but there are a few factors: […] In people with fibromyalgia, the nervous system may not process pain signals in the usual way. Abnormal levels of chemicals in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that carry these signals may make people more sensitive to the feeling of pain. […] Hormones such as serotonin, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine help your body to process pain. Lower-than-normal levels of these hormones in the brain and nervous system may interrupt pain signals and increase your sensitivity to them. […] IL-6 and IL-8 are cytokines, which are substances secreted by cells in the immune system. These particular molecules play a role in inflammation and are associated with fibromyalgia.

• #31 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  The study in children reveals that the fibromyalgia brain is genetically predisposed to function abnormally. However, there are many contributing factors in the central nervous system (CNS). The problem could be at the level of the spinal cord, the brainstem, or the brain. Alternatively, defects at all three levels of processing the incoming signals may exist. […] Immune system components in the blood can cause the dorsal root ganglia to ramp up the transmissions entering the cord. Over time, the CNS becomes overloaded and the brain doesn’t work properly. The immune system changes in fibromyalgia are subtle and likely tied to genetics. […] Your gastrointestinal (GI) system does so much more than digest food. It has a direct line of communication with the brain (and vice versa) and it is disrupted in fibromyalgia. Again, the GI abnormalities are probably linked to your genetics.

• #32 Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3503476/

  Apart from augmented neuronal mechanisms, glial cell activation also appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia because they help to modulate pain transmission in the spinal cord. […] Various neurotransmitters seem to be involved in the central sensitization. Serotonin (5-HT) has a significant role in the modulation of pain, and several studies have been carried out looking for modified levels of this molecule in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). […] Genetic predisposition is likely to be an important factor as suggested by several familial studies, and transmission is thought to be polygenic. […] Fibromyalgia is common in patients affected by autoimmune disease. […] Psychiatric problems seem to contribute considerably to the development of fibromyalgia. […] Infections seem to be able to induce fibromyalgia even if a direct causal relationship is not documented. […] Physical trauma, vaccinations, and chemical substances may also be trigger factors.

• #33 Fibromyalgia: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147083

  Fibromyalgia may also be hereditary. Females who have a close relative with fibromyalgia have a higher risk of the condition. […] People with RA, lupus, or spinal arthritis, known as ankylosing spondylitis, have a higher likelihood of developing fibromyalgia, as do individuals with some other rheumatic conditions.

• #34 Fibromyalgia Causes: Genetics, Triggers and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fibromyalgia-causes

  The cause of fibromyalgia is still a bit of a mystery. But theres research that points to several possible factors, including risk factors that may raise a persons chance of developing the condition. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes fibromyalgia, but there are a few factors: […] In people with fibromyalgia, the nervous system may not process pain signals in the usual way. Abnormal levels of chemicals in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that carry these signals may make people more sensitive to the feeling of pain. […] Hormones such as serotonin, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine help your body to process pain. Lower-than-normal levels of these hormones in the brain and nervous system may interrupt pain signals and increase your sensitivity to them. […] IL-6 and IL-8 are cytokines, which are substances secreted by cells in the immune system. These particular molecules play a role in inflammation and are associated with fibromyalgia.

• #35 Fibromyalgia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibromyalgia

  The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia has not yet been elucidated and several theories have been suggested. […] The prevailing view is that fibromyalgia is a condition resulting from an amplification of pain by the central nervous system. […] Fibromyalgia is associated with the deregulation of proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades, as well as to iron metabolism. […] Nociplastic pain (or central sensitization) is less understood and is the common explanation of the pain experienced in fibromyalgia. […] Some suggest that fibromyalgia is caused or maintained by a decreased vagal tone, which is indicated by low levels of heart rate variability, signaling a heightened sympathetic response. […] Neurogenic inflammation has been proposed as a contributing factor to fibromyalgia.

• #36 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  The study in children reveals that the fibromyalgia brain is genetically predisposed to function abnormally. However, there are many contributing factors in the central nervous system (CNS). The problem could be at the level of the spinal cord, the brainstem, or the brain. Alternatively, defects at all three levels of processing the incoming signals may exist. […] Immune system components in the blood can cause the dorsal root ganglia to ramp up the transmissions entering the cord. Over time, the CNS becomes overloaded and the brain doesn’t work properly. The immune system changes in fibromyalgia are subtle and likely tied to genetics. […] Your gastrointestinal (GI) system does so much more than digest food. It has a direct line of communication with the brain (and vice versa) and it is disrupted in fibromyalgia. Again, the GI abnormalities are probably linked to your genetics.

• #37 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  This system isn’t operating correctly in fibromyalgia and causes many of your symptoms. But given the strong CNS-autonomic connection, it’s unclear which is the chicken and which is the egg. […] Many researchers claim fibromyalgia is not a single disease. Instead, they believe the illness is composed of several related diseases (or subgroups) because they can’t find the same abnormality in all patients. Most likely this is because they haven’t uncovered the right abnormality (the one at the epicenter) that ties all fibromyalgia patients together.

• #38 Fibromyalgia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibromyalgia

  The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia has not yet been elucidated and several theories have been suggested. […] The prevailing view is that fibromyalgia is a condition resulting from an amplification of pain by the central nervous system. […] Fibromyalgia is associated with the deregulation of proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades, as well as to iron metabolism. […] Nociplastic pain (or central sensitization) is less understood and is the common explanation of the pain experienced in fibromyalgia. […] Some suggest that fibromyalgia is caused or maintained by a decreased vagal tone, which is indicated by low levels of heart rate variability, signaling a heightened sympathetic response. […] Neurogenic inflammation has been proposed as a contributing factor to fibromyalgia.

• #39 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  This system isn’t operating correctly in fibromyalgia and causes many of your symptoms. But given the strong CNS-autonomic connection, it’s unclear which is the chicken and which is the egg. […] Many researchers claim fibromyalgia is not a single disease. Instead, they believe the illness is composed of several related diseases (or subgroups) because they can’t find the same abnormality in all patients. Most likely this is because they haven’t uncovered the right abnormality (the one at the epicenter) that ties all fibromyalgia patients together.

• #40 Fibromyalgia: A Review of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Multidisciplinary Treatment Strategies

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/7/1543

  Among the genes that may influence the onset of the condition is the TAAR1 gene, which mediates the availability of dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial in the body’s motor function. […] Dysfunction of the HPA axis leads to an increase in basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels and secretion in response to stress. […] Psychological disorders are significant in fibromyalgia development, with a close relationship between stress, anxiety, depression, and worse prognosis of the condition. […] Sleep disturbances have been included as part of the symptoms and clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia patients.

• #41 5 Causes of Fibromyalgia – Symptoms, Treatment & Diagnosis

  https://www.pharmachoice.com/fibromyalgia-symptoms-treatment-diagnosis/

  Some infections, like the Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C, or the flu, have been linked to the onset of fibromyalgia in some individuals. […] Physical traumas such as car accidents or surgeries can sometimes act as triggers for fibromyalgia. The physical stress on the body might lead to the onset or exacerbation of symptoms. […] Research from institutions like the Mayo Clinic suggests that people with fibromyalgia experience changes in the way their brains process pain signals. This altered processing might amplify the sensation of pain. […] Chronic stress can lead to prolonged elevated levels of cortisol, a stress hormone. Over time, this can contribute to the pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia. […] People with autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus might be at a higher risk of developing fibromyalgia. These conditions involve the immune system attacking healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and pain. […] While these factors provide insights into the potential causes of fibromyalgia, its essential to understand that fibromyalgia is multifactorial. Often, a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors come together to manifest the condition.

• #42 Fibromyalgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329838-overview

  Although incomplete, the emerging evidence is beginning to clarify how the brain, endocrine, and immune systems (especially proinflammatory cytokines) interact in the pathophysiology of pain, fatigue, neurally mediated hypotension, depression, anxiety, and poor sleep. […] Age is an important variable. While most patients begin to experience symptoms between the ages of 20 and 50 years, the prevalence of the syndrome increases with age. […] Cognitive-behavioral variables can be pivotal in the development and maintenance of persistent pain and functional disability. […] Negative beliefs (eg, self-blame for the mysterious enduring pain) are associated with a range of adverse consequences. […] Certain data support a hypervigilance model of pain in patients with fibromyalgia.

• #43 Understanding the Factors that Cause Fibromyalgia Flare-Ups – Pontchartrain Orthopedics & Sports Medicine

  https://posm.org/understanding-the-factors-that-cause-fibromyalgia-flare-ups/

  Hormonal imbalances have been linked to fibromyalgia. Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as those seen during the menstrual cycle or menopause, can trigger or worsen symptoms. Additionally, individuals with fibromyalgia may have lower levels of certain hormones, such as growth hormone and cortisol, which can contribute to fatigue and muscle pain. […] Stress and traumatic experiences can have a significant impact on fibromyalgia symptoms. Stress activates the body’s stress response system, leading to increased muscle tension and heightened pain sensitivity. Traumatic events, such as physical or emotional abuse, accidents, or surgeries, can also trigger the onset of fibromyalgia or exacerbate existing symptoms. […] Engaging in physical or emotional activities beyond one’s capacity can lead to fibromyalgia flares. Overexertion, such as intense exercise or prolonged periods of physical activity, can strain the muscles and trigger pain. Similarly, emotional stress, such as work-related pressure or relationship difficulties, can worsen fibromyalgia symptoms.

• #44 Understanding the Factors that Cause Fibromyalgia Flare-Ups – Pontchartrain Orthopedics & Sports Medicine

  https://posm.org/understanding-the-factors-that-cause-fibromyalgia-flare-ups/

  Hormonal imbalances have been linked to fibromyalgia. Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as those seen during the menstrual cycle or menopause, can trigger or worsen symptoms. Additionally, individuals with fibromyalgia may have lower levels of certain hormones, such as growth hormone and cortisol, which can contribute to fatigue and muscle pain. […] Stress and traumatic experiences can have a significant impact on fibromyalgia symptoms. Stress activates the body’s stress response system, leading to increased muscle tension and heightened pain sensitivity. Traumatic events, such as physical or emotional abuse, accidents, or surgeries, can also trigger the onset of fibromyalgia or exacerbate existing symptoms. […] Engaging in physical or emotional activities beyond one’s capacity can lead to fibromyalgia flares. Overexertion, such as intense exercise or prolonged periods of physical activity, can strain the muscles and trigger pain. Similarly, emotional stress, such as work-related pressure or relationship difficulties, can worsen fibromyalgia symptoms.

• #45 Fibromyalgia: Possible Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.webmd.com/fibromyalgia/fibromyalgia-causes

  When you have fibromyalgia, you may have more cells that carry pain signals than normal. […] Doctors arent sure why some people get fibromyalgia. Many things could cause the bodys pain signals to go awry. […] Genes. Fibromyalgia seems to run in families. Your parents may pass on genes that make you more sensitive to pain. […] Other diseases. A painful disease like arthritis or an infection raises your chances of getting fibromyalgia. […] Emotional or physical abuse. Children who are abused are more likely to have the condition when they grow up. […] Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some people have this mental health problem after a terrible event, like war, a car crash, or rape. […] Gender. The condition is much more common in women than men. […] Anxiety and depression. These and other mood disorders seem linked to fibromyalgia, though theres no proof that they actually cause the condition. […] Not moving enough. The condition is much more common in people who arent physically active.

• #46 Understanding Fibromyalgia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – Metro Health NYC

  https://www.metrohealthnyc.com/fibromyalgia-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Severe stress or injury can sometimes lead to fibromyalgia. Traumatic events, like car accidents, physical assaults, or severe psychological stress, can trigger the onset of fibromyalgia in some people. This may be due to the way trauma affects the central nervous system and alters pain perception. […] Chronic stress can significantly impact the body, affecting the functioning of the nervous system and potentially leading to changes in pain processing. Stress can also exacerbate existing fibromyalgia symptoms, creating a cycle of pain and anxiety that may be difficult to break. […] According to the open-access scientific journal Healthcare, between 80 to 96% of fibromyalgia patients are women. Symptoms often fluctuate with hormonal changes such as those occurring during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. This has led researchers to investigate the potential role of hormones like estrogen and cortisol in the development and progression of fibromyalgia.

• #47 Understanding Fibromyalgia and Widespread Pain – Louisiana Pain Care

  https://lapaincare.com/understanding-fibromyalgia-exploring-the-hidden-causes-of-widespread-pain/

  Fibromyalgia often coexists with other medical conditions, complicating its diagnosis and management. […] Common comorbidities include chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), migraines, and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ). […] The chronic pain and fatigue experienced by individuals can lead to feelings of helplessness and frustration, contributing to the development of mood disorders. […] Diagnosing fibromyalgia can be challenging due to the absence of definitive diagnostic tests. […] The American College of Rheumatology has established specific criteria for diagnosing fibromyalgia, which include widespread pain lasting for at least three months and the presence of tenderness in at least 11 of 18 designated tender points on the body. […] Early and accurate diagnosis of fibromyalgia is crucial for effective management and treatment.

• #48 Fibromyalgia: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147083

  Fibromyalgia may also be hereditary. Females who have a close relative with fibromyalgia have a higher risk of the condition. […] People with RA, lupus, or spinal arthritis, known as ankylosing spondylitis, have a higher likelihood of developing fibromyalgia, as do individuals with some other rheumatic conditions.

• #49 Fibromyalgia | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fibromyalgia

  Fibromyalgia is a chronic (ongoing) condition, involving pain in many parts of your body. […] The cause of fibromyalgia is not completely understood, but several body systems and functions are involved. […] While the cause is not completely clear, fibromyalgia is a real illness and treatments are available. […] The cause of fibromyalgia is not completely understood. Several body systems and functions are involved, including: the nervous system, the endocrine system (hormones), the immune system, sleep changes, genetic changes. […] Studies have indicated that people with fibromyalgia have increased pain sensitivity. […] Your risk of fibromyalgia may be increased if you have: a family history of fibromyalgia, an autoimmune condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, a chronic (ongoing) pain condition such as osteoarthritis, sleep problems, migraines.

• #50 Fibromyalgia: Possible Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.webmd.com/fibromyalgia/fibromyalgia-causes

  When you have fibromyalgia, you may have more cells that carry pain signals than normal. […] Doctors arent sure why some people get fibromyalgia. Many things could cause the bodys pain signals to go awry. […] Genes. Fibromyalgia seems to run in families. Your parents may pass on genes that make you more sensitive to pain. […] Other diseases. A painful disease like arthritis or an infection raises your chances of getting fibromyalgia. […] Emotional or physical abuse. Children who are abused are more likely to have the condition when they grow up. […] Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some people have this mental health problem after a terrible event, like war, a car crash, or rape. […] Gender. The condition is much more common in women than men. […] Anxiety and depression. These and other mood disorders seem linked to fibromyalgia, though theres no proof that they actually cause the condition. […] Not moving enough. The condition is much more common in people who arent physically active.

• #51 Fibromyalgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329838-overview

  Although incomplete, the emerging evidence is beginning to clarify how the brain, endocrine, and immune systems (especially proinflammatory cytokines) interact in the pathophysiology of pain, fatigue, neurally mediated hypotension, depression, anxiety, and poor sleep. […] Age is an important variable. While most patients begin to experience symptoms between the ages of 20 and 50 years, the prevalence of the syndrome increases with age. […] Cognitive-behavioral variables can be pivotal in the development and maintenance of persistent pain and functional disability. […] Negative beliefs (eg, self-blame for the mysterious enduring pain) are associated with a range of adverse consequences. […] Certain data support a hypervigilance model of pain in patients with fibromyalgia.

• #52 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  The study in children reveals that the fibromyalgia brain is genetically predisposed to function abnormally. However, there are many contributing factors in the central nervous system (CNS). The problem could be at the level of the spinal cord, the brainstem, or the brain. Alternatively, defects at all three levels of processing the incoming signals may exist. […] Immune system components in the blood can cause the dorsal root ganglia to ramp up the transmissions entering the cord. Over time, the CNS becomes overloaded and the brain doesn’t work properly. The immune system changes in fibromyalgia are subtle and likely tied to genetics. […] Your gastrointestinal (GI) system does so much more than digest food. It has a direct line of communication with the brain (and vice versa) and it is disrupted in fibromyalgia. Again, the GI abnormalities are probably linked to your genetics.

• #53 Patient education: Fibromyalgia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fibromyalgia-beyond-the-basics

  In people with fibromyalgia, the muscles and tendons are excessively irritated by various painful stimuli. This is thought to be due to a heightened perception of pain, a phenomenon called „central sensitization.” Other conditions may also develop as a result of central sensitization, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS); chronic headaches; chronic pelvic and bladder pain; and chronic jaw and facial pain. […] There is no generally agreed-upon explanation for how or why central sensitization develops in some people. The most plausible theory suggests that there is a genetic component, meaning that some people are predisposed to having a heightened sense of pain. People with a parent or sibling with fibromyalgia have a higher chance of developing it themselves. In some cases, various stressors, including infection (eg, Lyme disease or viral illness), diseases that involve joint inflammation (eg, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus), physical or emotional trauma, or sleep disturbances appear to trigger the development of fibromyalgia. Some people who have coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection have fatigue, muscle pain, and joint pain that last for months. This condition is called „long COVID” and shares many similarities with fibromyalgia.

• #54 Patient education: Fibromyalgia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fibromyalgia-beyond-the-basics

  In people with fibromyalgia, the muscles and tendons are excessively irritated by various painful stimuli. This is thought to be due to a heightened perception of pain, a phenomenon called „central sensitization.” Other conditions may also develop as a result of central sensitization, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS); chronic headaches; chronic pelvic and bladder pain; and chronic jaw and facial pain. […] There is no generally agreed-upon explanation for how or why central sensitization develops in some people. The most plausible theory suggests that there is a genetic component, meaning that some people are predisposed to having a heightened sense of pain. People with a parent or sibling with fibromyalgia have a higher chance of developing it themselves. In some cases, various stressors, including infection (eg, Lyme disease or viral illness), diseases that involve joint inflammation (eg, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus), physical or emotional trauma, or sleep disturbances appear to trigger the development of fibromyalgia. Some people who have coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection have fatigue, muscle pain, and joint pain that last for months. This condition is called „long COVID” and shares many similarities with fibromyalgia.

• #55 Understanding Fibromyalgia and Widespread Pain – Louisiana Pain Care

  https://lapaincare.com/understanding-fibromyalgia-exploring-the-hidden-causes-of-widespread-pain/

  Fibromyalgia often coexists with other medical conditions, complicating its diagnosis and management. […] Common comorbidities include chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), migraines, and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ). […] The chronic pain and fatigue experienced by individuals can lead to feelings of helplessness and frustration, contributing to the development of mood disorders. […] Diagnosing fibromyalgia can be challenging due to the absence of definitive diagnostic tests. […] The American College of Rheumatology has established specific criteria for diagnosing fibromyalgia, which include widespread pain lasting for at least three months and the presence of tenderness in at least 11 of 18 designated tender points on the body. […] Early and accurate diagnosis of fibromyalgia is crucial for effective management and treatment.

• #56 Fibromyalgia: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147083

  Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome that can cause widespread body pain, fatigue, and cognitive issues. Various treatments can help a person manage their symptoms. […] There is no single known cause of fibromyalgia. Genetics, traumatic emotional or physical events, and sleep and mood disorders may all contribute to the condition. […] The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unclear. However, current thinking in the field of rheumatology suggests that fibromyalgia results from an issue with pain processing in the central nervous system (CNS). […] Several factors may increase a persons risk of developing fibromyalgia, including: a stressful, traumatic physical or emotional event, such as a car accident; repetitive injuries; RA or other autoimmune conditions, such as lupus; CNS problems; the way the genes regulate how a person processes painful stimuli.

• #57 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #58 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #59 What Is Fibromyalgia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/fibromyalgia/guide/

  Researchers dont know exactly what causes fibromyalgia, but it seems to occur when the bodys central and peripheral nervous systems dont process pain properly. […] Symptoms of fibromyalgia often begin after physical or emotional trauma, such as an illness, surgery, infection, stressful life event, or injury. […] Some experts believe these events may trigger the onset of the disorder, but its unclear exactly how this connection could be explained. […] Genetics may also play a role. Fibromyalgia is often seen in families, and having a relative with the disorder puts you at increased risk for it. […] But genes alone arent responsible for fibromyalgia.

• #60 Fibromyalgia | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/fibromyalgia

  Fibromyalgias cause is not clear. Researchers think that people with certain genes are affected by a trigger (e.g., physical or emotional stress or an illness). Then, the pain signals sent through their central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) get turned up too high, called centralized pain or central amplification. […] People with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or other autoimmune diseases are more likely to develop fibromyalgia, which is not an autoimmune disease. Symptoms usually appear between ages 30 and 55. Although fibromyalgia is more common in adults, children (especially adolescent girls) can develop fibromyalgia.

• #61 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  Pain normally serves a protective role, forcing you to take it easy so your damaged tissues heal. It’s a danger signal that prevents you from risking further injury. Yet the chronic pain of fibromyalgia has long outlived its purpose, resulting in a disease of the CNS as well as the peripheral systems that communicate with it. […] First degree blood relatives of fibromyalgia patients are 8.5 times more likely to develop this condition. Looking at just siblings, if a brother or sister has this disease, the chance of other siblings developing it is one in four. Overall, the risk of fibromyalgia surfacing appears governed by a fifty-fifty combination of genetics and the triggering event. Of course, this is just a guess because what causes all your fibromyalgia symptoms is still hazy. […] Genetic alterations in the body’s production of pain-relieving chemicals tend to occur more commonly in fibromyalgia. For example, researchers identified differences in serotonin and dopamine production as well as changes in the way opioids work. However, each abnormality only occurs in a subset of patients and many more will likely be found. These genetic changes explain the variability in symptoms, but no one culprit appears to cause fibromyalgia.

• #62 Fibromyalgia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibromyalgia

  Fibromyalgia is a functional somatic medical syndrome with symptoms of chronic widespread pain, accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbance including awakening unrefreshed, and cognitive symptoms. […] The causes of fibromyalgia are unknown, with several pathophysiologies proposed. […] The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. […] However, several risk factors, genetic and environmental, have been identified. […] Genetics plays a major role in fibromyalgia and may explain up to 50% of the disease’s susceptibility. […] Fibromyalgia is potentially associated with polymorphisms of genes in the serotoninergic, dopaminergic and catecholaminergic systems. […] Stress may be an important precipitating factor in the development of fibromyalgia. […] A 2022 review found that between 6% and 27% of people with FM reported an infectious inciting event (e.g. Epstein-Barr virus, Lyme disease), with up to 40% describing worsening symptoms after infection.

• #63 What Causes Fibro & Why So Many Symptoms – American Fibromyalgia Syndrome Association (AFSA)

  https://www.fibromyalgiafund.org/possible-symptom-causes/

  This system isn’t operating correctly in fibromyalgia and causes many of your symptoms. But given the strong CNS-autonomic connection, it’s unclear which is the chicken and which is the egg. […] Many researchers claim fibromyalgia is not a single disease. Instead, they believe the illness is composed of several related diseases (or subgroups) because they can’t find the same abnormality in all patients. Most likely this is because they haven’t uncovered the right abnormality (the one at the epicenter) that ties all fibromyalgia patients together.

• #64 Fibromyalgia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis | HSS Rheumatology

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_Fibromyalgia.asp?appsource=mb?pageid=biomechanics-research-carl-imhauser.asp

  The cause of fibromyalgia remains unclear. Not all doctors agree on how it works, but the most common understanding is that fibromyalgia is a disorder of the central nervous system, which processes sensory information and regulates pain in an abnormal way. The term for this is central sensitization. […] The condition itself is not life-threatening, but it can negatively affect a person’s quality of life. It may lead to decreased physical activity, depression and other problems that can have an impact on your physical and emotional health.

• #65 Fibromyalgia Tied to Higher Risk of Death From Many Causes Piedmont Orthopedics | OrthoAtlanta

  https://www.orthoatlanta.com/health-news/fibromyalgia-tied-to-higher-risk-of-death-from-many-causes

  Fibromyalgia is often called an imaginary condition, with ongoing debates on the legitimacy and clinical usefulness of this diagnosis,” concluded researchers led by Yulia Treister-Goltzman of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, in Beer-Sheva, Israel. […] Exactly how fibromyalgia may contribute to early death is not fully understood, but this condition often travels with other diseases and conditions, which can increase the risk of dying early. […] A growing body of evidence suggests that fibromyalgia may weaken the immune system and cause inflammation, which could explain the increased chances of dying from infections, the researchers suggested. […] The finding of increased [risk of dying] associated with accidents can stem from fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and the concentration difficulties that accompany fibromyalgia, and are a component of its diagnostic criteria since 2010, the researchers concluded in their report.

• #66 Fibromyalgia Tied to Higher Risk of Death From Many Causes Piedmont Orthopedics | OrthoAtlanta

  https://www.orthoatlanta.com/health-news/fibromyalgia-tied-to-higher-risk-of-death-from-many-causes

  Fibromyalgia is often called an imaginary condition, with ongoing debates on the legitimacy and clinical usefulness of this diagnosis,” concluded researchers led by Yulia Treister-Goltzman of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, in Beer-Sheva, Israel. […] Exactly how fibromyalgia may contribute to early death is not fully understood, but this condition often travels with other diseases and conditions, which can increase the risk of dying early. […] A growing body of evidence suggests that fibromyalgia may weaken the immune system and cause inflammation, which could explain the increased chances of dying from infections, the researchers suggested. […] The finding of increased [risk of dying] associated with accidents can stem from fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and the concentration difficulties that accompany fibromyalgia, and are a component of its diagnostic criteria since 2010, the researchers concluded in their report.

• #67 Fibromyalgia | Arthritis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/fibromyalgia/index.html

  The causes of fibromyalgia are not known. But certain things can increase someone’s risk of developing it. […] Risk factors or triggers may include: Stressful or traumatic events, accidents, or injuries. […] Illness, including viral infections. […] Researchers are working to better understand the causes of fibromyalgia and to develop new treatment strategies.

• #68 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #69 What Causes Fibromyalgia? Risk Factors and Triggers

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-fibromyalgia-7557801

  It is not known precisely what causes fibromyalgia (FM). Most commonly, it is believed to be related to changes in how the central nervous system processes pain messages, possibly due to abnormal levels of certain chemicals in the brain. It is also thought to have a genetic component. FM may also be triggered by physical or emotional trauma, stress, or infection. […] While it is widely accepted that people with FM process pain differently, why this happens has not been pinpointed. […] One theory proposes that genetic and environmental factors (such as trauma, illness, emotional distress, or other triggers) may make some people more likely to develop FM. […] Vitamin and mineral deficiencies have been associated with FM and other conditions related to chronic pain. It is unknown whether there is a causal relationship or an association between these deficiencies and FM.

• #70 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #71 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #72 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #73 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #74 A Complete Guide to Fibromyalgia | MoreGoodDays Pain-management Program

  https://www.moregooddays.com/post/fibromyalgia

  It is thought that these stressful events trigger changes in body systems (nervous system, hormonal/stress response systems, and immune system) and these may persist and cause fibromyalgia symptoms because of their sensitizing effect on the nervous system. […] Many of these conditions have underlying causes linked to central sensitization. […] The latest research findings include: There are several promising treatments, diagnostic tools and therapies for fibromyalgia including Ketamine infusions, Vitamin D, Hormone therapy, Neurostimulation techniques, Stem Cell Therapy, Immersive virtual reality. More recently, the literature also suggested that a biopsychosocial model is most appropriate as it highlights the complex underpinnings of this condition and places necessary importance to psychosocial factors in the predisposition, triggering, and chronification of symptoms.

• #75 Patient education: Fibromyalgia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fibromyalgia-beyond-the-basics

  Brain imaging studies in people with fibromyalgia and related chronic pain disorders have shown changes in brain function and connections between different parts of the brain. As research continues, the factors that lead to chronic pain in fibromyalgia will be better understood, hopefully allowing for the development of better treatments.

• #76 Fibromyalgia: Causes, Symptoms, & Alternative Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/fibromyalgia-causes-symptoms-treatments

  The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but there is evidence that fibromyalgia is associated with a phenomenon that causes dysfunction in nerve circuits, which changes the perception of pain and how the nervous system reacts to stimuli. […] Research shows that the gut microbiome is altered in fibromyalgia patients. Altered small intestinal permeability was also reported in a cohort of fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome patients. […] Numerous nutrient deficiencies have been linked to fibromyalgia. While there is no general guidance on nutrient support for fibromyalgia patients, some nutrients are used to help support individuals with chronic pain. […] Fibromyalgia research has not yet discovered why some people develop the disorder. However, research is continuously being conducted to find a definite cause. Studies are also being conducted to determine the connection between fibromyalgia and other conditions. […] Research is continuously being performed to find definite causes of fibromyalgia so that effective treatments can be provided.

• #77 Health Sciences Journal

  https://www.portalrcs.hcitajuba.org.br/index.php/rcsfmit_zero/article/view/1420

  Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition of unknown etiology unrelated to specific laboratory markers for diagnosis because of poor etiopathogenesis. […] The unknown etiology makes the diagnosis difficult and consequently has repercussions on a not so effective treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. […] Therefore, this narrative review discusses the etiological and pathophysiological hypotheses involved in the development of fibromyalgia.

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