Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nursing Care Plan For Yellow Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-yellow-fever/

  Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the yellow fever virus, primarily transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti species. This infectious disease is prevalent in tropical regions of Africa and Central and South America, posing a significant public health concern due to its potential for widespread outbreaks. The nursing care plan for yellow fever plays a crucial role in managing the symptoms, preventing complications, and supporting the overall well-being of affected individuals. This plan encompasses a comprehensive approach to care, including infection control measures, symptom management, and patient education, with the goal of ensuring optimal recovery and minimizing the impact of this potentially severe illness. […] This nursing assessment for yellow fever aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the patients condition, facilitating timely interventions, and optimizing outcomes. Regular monitoring, collaboration with the healthcare team, and patient education are essential components of the nursing care plan for yellow fever.

• #1 Yellow Fever | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Yellow-Fever

  Yellow fever disease is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings, laboratory testing, and travel history, including the possibility of exposure to infected mosquitoes. […] There is no specific treatment for yellow fever; care is based on symptoms. Steps to prevent yellow fever virus infection include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and getting vaccinated. […] Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people aged 9 months who are traveling to or living in areas at risk for yellow fever virus transmission in South America and Africa. […] Yellow fever vaccine is available at designated vaccination centers. […] For most travelers, a single dose of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed. […] However, some travelers may require a booster dose.

• #1 Yellow fever – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/yellow+fever/yellow+fever+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Yellow fever is an infection in humans caused by the yellow fever virus. Yellow fever occurs in tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America. Infections have increased in recent years as humans are in greater contact with infected mosquitoes. […] Yellow fever does not naturally occur in Australia but the mosquitoes capable of transmitting the virus are present in North Queensland so there is the potential for local transmission from returned travellers who are infected. Strict quarantine measures are in place at Australia’s border to ensure that this does not occur. […] Yellow fever can be diagnosed with a blood test, although this is not routinely performed in Australia. […] There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Supportive care to treat dehydration and symptomatic relief of pain may be required.

• #1 Treatment and Prevention of Yellow Fever | Yellow Fever Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/hcp/treatment-prevention/index.html

  There is no specific treatment for yellow fever; clinical management is supportive. […] Patients who develop more severe symptoms should be hospitalized for close observation and supportive treatment. […] YF can be prevented through vaccination. […] Regardless of vaccination status, travelers should be advised to use personal protective measures to decrease exposure to infected mosquitoes. […] People infected with yellow fever virus are viremic and potentially infectious to mosquitoes shortly before the onset of fever and up to 5 days after onset. Therefore, patients with yellow fever should be advised to protect themselves against mosquito bites for up to 5 days after symptom onset.

• #1 Treatments for Yellow Fever | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/primary-care/yellow-fever/treatments.html

  No specific treatment exists for yellow fever, which is one reason that preventative measures such as vaccination are so important. Supportive treatment is aimed at controlling the symptoms, and includes rest, fluids, and use of medicines to help relieve fever and aching. Certain medications should be avoided, such as aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which may increase the risk for bleeding. People with yellow fever should be protected from further mosquito exposure (for example, they should stay indoors or under a mosquito net) during the first few days of illness, so they do not contribute to the disease transmission cycle. […] It is believed that people who have had yellow fever develop lifelong immunity.

• #1 Yellow Fever: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23162-yellow-fever

  If you have a less severe form of yellow fever, youll probably recover from your symptoms in about seven days. You may feel tired and weak for much longer than a week. After you recover, youll have immunity to yellow fever. […] If youve traveled to Africa or South America and you have any type of symptom like fever or body aches, you should contact your healthcare provider. […] If youve been diagnosed with yellow fever and you have any new or worsening symptoms, contact your provider.

• #1 Yellow Fever Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Care, Deterrence and Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232244-treatment

  No specific treatment exists for yellow fever; however, supportive care is critical. […] Severely ill patients should be treated in an intensive care setting. The required management consists of vasoactive medications, fluid resuscitation, ventilator management, and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage, secondary infections, and renal and hepatic dysfunction. […] Maintenance of nutrition and prevention of hypoglycemia […] Treatment of hypotension with fluid resuscitation and vasoactive drugs (dopamine) […] Treatment of bleeding with fresh frozen plasma […] Treatment of secondary bacterial infections with indicated antimicrobials. […] The primary approach to treating yellow fever involves providing supportive care. […] To prevent gastrointestinal bleeding, an H2 blocker or a proton pump inhibitor along with sucralfate can be beneficial and should be considered for all hospitalized patients. […] It is essential to quarantine suspected or confirmed cases.

• #1 Yellow fever: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/yellow-fever-treatment-and-prevention

  Supportive care should include maintenance of nutrition, prevention of hypoglycemia, nasogastric suction to prevent gastric distention and aspiration, treatment of hypotension by fluid replacement and vasoactive drugs if necessary, administration of oxygen, prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy, management of metabolic acidosis, treatment of bleeding with fresh-frozen plasma, dialysis if indicated by renal failure, and treatment of secondary infections. […] Investigational agents — Antiviral therapies for yellow fever are under investigation.

• #1 Yellow fever: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/yellow-fever-treatment-and-prevention/print

  Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate. Clinical manifestations include hepatic dysfunction, renal failure, coagulopathy, and shock. Travelers to tropical regions of South America and sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic are at risk for acquisition of infection and require immunization. […] The treatment of yellow fever consists of supportive care; there is no specific antiviral therapy available. Management of patients may be improved by modern intensive care, but this is generally not available in remote areas where yellow fever often occurs. Supportive care should include maintenance of nutrition, prevention of hypoglycemia, nasogastric suction to prevent gastric distention and aspiration, treatment of hypotension by fluid replacement and vasoactive drugs if necessary, administration of oxygen, prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy, management of metabolic acidosis, treatment of bleeding with fresh-frozen plasma, dialysis if indicated by renal failure, and treatment of secondary infections. […] Antiviral therapies for yellow fever are under investigation.

• #1 Yellow Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470425/

  Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness found in tropical and subtropical areas in South America and Africa. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of yellow fever and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the recognition and management of this condition. […] Explain the interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication regarding the management of patients with yellow fever. […] Patients should be managed in the intensive care unit (ICU) and closely monitored for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemorrhage, kidney, and liver dysfunction. […] Universal precautions are required when looking after patients with yellow fever although person-person transmission of the virus is unlikely. […] Since there is no effective treatment or vaccine, prevention is critical.

• #1 Yellow fever: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/yellow-fever-treatment-and-prevention

  INTRODUCTION […] Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate. Clinical manifestations include hepatic dysfunction, renal failure, coagulopathy, and shock. Travelers to tropical regions of South America and sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic are at risk for acquisition of infection and require immunization. […] TREATMENT […] Supportive care — The treatment of yellow fever consists of supportive care; there is no specific antiviral therapy available. Management of patients may be improved by modern intensive care, but this is generally not available in remote areas where yellow fever often occurs. Travelers hospitalized after return to the United States or Europe have had fatal outcomes in spite of intensive care, demonstrating the inexorable course of severe yellow fever.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan For Yellow Fever – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-yellow-fever/

  These nursing diagnoses provide a foundation for developing a comprehensive care plan for individuals with yellow fever. Tailored interventions can then be implemented to address the identified issues and promote the overall well-being of the patient. […] These nursing interventions aim to address the multifaceted aspects of yellow fever, providing comprehensive care to support recovery and minimize complications. Regular monitoring and collaboration with the healthcare team are essential for adapting interventions based on the patients evolving needs. […] In conclusion, the nursing care plan for individuals diagnosed with yellow fever reflects a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to addressing the complex challenges posed by this viral illness. By incorporating evidence-based interventions, infection control measures, and patient education, the care plan strives to optimize outcomes, alleviate symptoms, and promote the overall well-being of individuals affected by yellow fever.

• #1 Yellow Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/arboviruses-arenaviruses-filoviruses/yellow-fever

  Treatment of yellow fever involves supportive care, including medications to treat or prevent bleeding, such as injections of vitamin K (which can help blood clot). […] There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. […] If the infection is suspected or diagnosed, people are isolated in rooms that are screened and sprayed with insecticides to prevent further spread of the virus by mosquitoes.

• #1

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=4304418&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=4304238

  Care for the patient with yellow fever is mainly supportive because no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. Rest, fluids, analgesics, and antipyretics as early interventions may improve the patient’s prognosis. However, medications that increase the risk of bleeding, such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, should always be avoided as they may compound the disease’s hemorrhagic effects. Additional treatment options can include supplemental oxygen, endotracheal intubation, enteral or parenteral nutrition, vasoactive medications, fresh frozen plasma, dialysis, and treatment for secondary infections if necessary. […] As patients wait for the disease to take its course, healthcare providers should attempt to isolate infected patients to prevent the spread through further mosquito bites. This will limit the number of vector-borne mosquitoes and may allow time to vaccinate the rest of the population.

• #1 Yellow fever – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/yellow+fever/yellow+fever+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Vaccination is the single most important measure for preventing yellow fever. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to countries where yellow fever transmission occurs. […] Personal protection and the environmental management of mosquitoes are very important in preventing infection in regions where the virus is present. See Fight the Bite for tips how to protect yourself and your family from mosquito borne diseases.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/yellow-fever/vaccination/

  There’s a very effective vaccine that can stop you getting yellow fever if you’re travelling to an area where the infection is found. […] The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people from 9 months of age who are travelling to: an area where yellow fever is found, including parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Central America and Trinidad in the Caribbean. […] You should be vaccinated at least 10 days before you travel to allow enough time for the vaccine to work. […] The yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection for most people. […] Contact a yellow fever vaccination centre for advice if you’re not sure if you need another dose before travelling. […] There are some people who cannot have the yellow fever vaccine when it’s recommended. […] If you need a vaccination certificate for the country you’re visiting but you’re not able to have the vaccine, contact a yellow fever vaccination centre.

• #1 Yellow fever

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/yellow-fever

  There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Current management is based around supportive and preventive care such as fluid replacement, renal dialysis, and medication to reduce gastric acid production. Intensive supportive care may improve outcomes for seriously ill patients, but is rarely available in developing countries. […] Vaccination is the best defence against yellow fever. A single dose of the vaccine provides protection for at least 10 years (and probably for life). Immunity occurs within one week in 95% of people vaccinated. […] Vaccination is highly recommended for travellers to high-risk areas in South America and Africa. A vaccination certificate is required for entry to many countries, particularly for travellers arriving in Asia from Africa or South America. Children less than six months old and pregnant travellers should not be vaccinated. In case of outbreaks, the vaccine may be given to pregnant women if the risk of infection is high.

• #1 Yellow fever – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/yellow-fever.html

  Yellow fever can be prevented by a vaccine. […] There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, only supportive care to help relieve symptoms. […] Consult a health care provider or visit a travel health clinic, as early as possible (preferably six weeks or more) before you travel. […] It is recommended that you get the yellow fever vaccine before you travel if you are going to a country: that requires proof of yellow fever vaccination to enter (on an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis). […] The single-dose vaccine against yellow fever is safe, effective and recommended for most people who are over nine months of age. […] The vaccine is generally not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, children under the age of nine months, adults 60 years and older (especially those who have not previously received the vaccine) and people with weakened immune systems.

• #1 Yellow fever | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/yellow-fever

  Vaccination against this disease is not funded under the National Immunisation Program, nor by states and territories. […] Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for laboratory workers who work with the yellow fever virus. Workers should have their antibody titres measured if their last vaccine dose was 10 years ago or more to check that they still have protective antibody levels. […] Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people ≥9 months of age who are travelling to an area with a risk of yellow fever virus transmission. […] People who have had a haematopoietic stem cell transplant after a dose of yellow fever vaccine are recommended to receive an extra vaccine dose if they will be in an area with a risk of yellow fever virus transmission. […] Adults aged ≥60 years have a higher risk of severe adverse events after yellow fever vaccination than younger adults. […] Yellow fever vaccine is not recommended, other than in exceptional circumstances, for pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding infants aged <9 months. [...] Yellow fever vaccine can be given to people with well-controlled HIV who are not severely immunocompromised.

• #1 Yellow Fever Vaccine – Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501139/

  The yellow fever virus and vaccine can be transmitted into breastmilk although the frequency of transmission is unclear. […] Administration of yellow fever vaccine to breast-feeding women should be avoided for two weeks after a vaccination except in situations where exposure to yellow fever viruses cannot be avoided or postponed. […] Infants under 6 months appear to be at an increased risk of encephalitis from the vaccine and should not be vaccinated. […] A review article reports three Nigerian breastfed neonates 10 days, 23 days and 5 weeks whose mothers received the 17D vaccine during first month of infants life. Each infant developed encephalitis. […] Eleven nursing mothers were inadvertently vaccinated with the 17DD strain of yellow fever vaccine (Fiocruz, Brazil). Some of the infants had been breastfed before the error was discovered. Breastfeeding was discontinued and all infants were placed on formula for 10 days. The infants were followed for 28 days by a pediatrician, but no symptoms were seen in any of the infants.

• #1

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=4304418&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=4304238

  To prevent transmission of yellow fever via mosquito bite, teach patients that the CDC recommends using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and vaccination. Remind patients of the importance of heeding vaccination alerts when traveling. Assess patients with a history of travel or recent immigration for signs and symptoms of yellow fever such as fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Nurses should be prepared to intervene quickly and know when further intervention is warranted for patients who may have yellow fever. Communicate assessment findings to the healthcare provider and be ready to support the patient and family, provide information, and help them cope with a potentially life-threatening situation.

• #1 Nursing Care in the 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic – Mississippi Humanities Council

  https://www.mshumanities.org/presentation/nursing-care-in-the-1878-yellow-fever-epidemic/

  The 1878 yellow fever epidemic in Mississippi resulted in an expansion of nursing care and the recognition of the importance of nurses in disaster care. […] Much nursing care was provided by family members, but those victims who did not have the advantage of home care often received nursing care from others. […] Many of the nurses were from the Sisters of Charity and Sisters of Mercy, while others were from the Howard Association. […] These nurses were vital to the recovery of many who had no one else to care for them as the epidemic caused panic among the citizenry and many fled the disease. […] Because of the severity of the epidemic, race relations also underwent dramatic changes as African Americans nursed white Mississippians in a post-Reconstruction period fraught with racial tension and violence.

• #1 Yellow Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470425/

  The key to this infection is prevention. […] All travelers to endemic regions should be educated about the vaccine, which confers lifelong immunity. […] The pharmacist and nurse should also educate the traveler on wearing long-sleeved garments, sleeping under a net and using DEET containing repellant spray.

• #1 Yellow fever | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/diseases/yellow-fever

  It is strongly recommended that all travellers be vaccinated for yellow fever if travelling to or from a yellow fever risk country. […] Only approved clinics can give yellow fever vaccinations. They provide vaccination certificates in the form required by the World Health Organization (WHO). […] State and territory health departments approve yellow fever vaccination clinics. For guidance and related training, see the: national guidelines for yellow fever vaccination centres and providers, yellow fever vaccination learning and accreditation course, individual training requirements for yellow fever vaccination providers. […] Yellow fever is a nationally notifiable disease. […] We monitor cases through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS).

• #1 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Immunization/yellow-fever.aspx

  Vaccine Updates […] The American Red Cross recommends that recipients of YF vaccine defer blood product donation for two weeks because of the theoretical risk for transmission from a viremic donor. […] Uniform stamp certification is required to order and administer yellow fever vaccine. A certified uniform stamp holder has the authority granted by the State of California to administer yellow fever vaccine to the public. […] All applicants are required to submit the following items to become a yellow fever vaccine provider: […] Each yellow fever vaccine facility must be under the jurisdiction of an approved stamp holder. […] Certified uniform stamp holders are required to maintain a log of vaccine recipients (including any adverse events or previous YF vaccination) as well as temperature logs for the yellow fever vaccine storage units. […] Certification expires in three years, on the last day of the month. Stamp holders should take note of the expiration date in the recertification letter, as it is no longer on the stamp itself.

• #1 Yellow fever vaccine (subcutaneous route) – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/yellow-fever-vaccine-subcutaneous-route/description/drg-20066731

  A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this vaccine. This vaccine is given as a shot under your skin. […] A booster dose of the vaccine is recommended every 10 years for patients who are at continuous risk of exposure to the yellow fever virus, and is required by his or her doctor. […] It is very important that you or your child return to your doctor at the right time for the second dose (as directed by your doctor). Be sure to tell your doctor about any side effects that occur after you receive this vaccine. […] This vaccine may cause a serious type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Tell your doctor right away if you or your child have a rash, itching, swelling of the tongue and throat, or trouble breathing after you receive the vaccine.

• #1 Yellow Fever Vaccine Program Provider Information

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/adult-child-serv/childrenfamilies/immunizations/healthcare/yellow

  Adverse events reported to providers after vaccination should be submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) according to state guidelines. […] International Certificates of Vaccination (ICVP): When travel related vaccinations (particularly Yellow Fever vaccine) are required, the administered vaccine(s) must be recorded on the International Certificates of Vaccination as Approved by the World Health Organization.

• #1 Yellow Fever | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Yellow-Fever

  For military-related travel/deployments, follow the most current Combatant Command Force Health Protection Guidance. […] Additionally, yellow fever vaccination is required for countries if traveling from an endemic country. […] For all non-operational and leisure travel to endemic areas, follow the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices which recommends that a single life-time dose of yellow fever vaccine is sufficient for most travelers.

• #2 Yellow fever: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/yellow-fever-treatment-and-prevention

  INTRODUCTION […] Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate. Clinical manifestations include hepatic dysfunction, renal failure, coagulopathy, and shock. Travelers to tropical regions of South America and sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic are at risk for acquisition of infection and require immunization. […] TREATMENT […] Supportive care — The treatment of yellow fever consists of supportive care; there is no specific antiviral therapy available. Management of patients may be improved by modern intensive care, but this is generally not available in remote areas where yellow fever often occurs. Travelers hospitalized after return to the United States or Europe have had fatal outcomes in spite of intensive care, demonstrating the inexorable course of severe yellow fever.

• #2 Yellow Fever Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Care, Deterrence and Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232244-treatment

  No specific treatment exists for yellow fever; however, supportive care is critical. […] Severely ill patients should be treated in an intensive care setting. The required management consists of vasoactive medications, fluid resuscitation, ventilator management, and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage, secondary infections, and renal and hepatic dysfunction. […] Maintenance of nutrition and prevention of hypoglycemia […] Treatment of hypotension with fluid resuscitation and vasoactive drugs (dopamine) […] Treatment of bleeding with fresh frozen plasma […] Treatment of secondary bacterial infections with indicated antimicrobials. […] The primary approach to treating yellow fever involves providing supportive care. […] To prevent gastrointestinal bleeding, an H2 blocker or a proton pump inhibitor along with sucralfate can be beneficial and should be considered for all hospitalized patients. […] It is essential to quarantine suspected or confirmed cases.

• #2 Yellow Fever: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23162-yellow-fever

  If you have a less severe form of yellow fever, youll probably recover from your symptoms in about seven days. You may feel tired and weak for much longer than a week. After you recover, youll have immunity to yellow fever. […] If youve traveled to Africa or South America and you have any type of symptom like fever or body aches, you should contact your healthcare provider. […] If youve been diagnosed with yellow fever and you have any new or worsening symptoms, contact your provider.

• #2

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=4304418&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=4304238

  To prevent transmission of yellow fever via mosquito bite, teach patients that the CDC recommends using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and vaccination. Remind patients of the importance of heeding vaccination alerts when traveling. Assess patients with a history of travel or recent immigration for signs and symptoms of yellow fever such as fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Nurses should be prepared to intervene quickly and know when further intervention is warranted for patients who may have yellow fever. Communicate assessment findings to the healthcare provider and be ready to support the patient and family, provide information, and help them cope with a potentially life-threatening situation.

• #2

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=4304418&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=4304238

  Care for the patient with yellow fever is mainly supportive because no specific antiviral therapy is currently available. Rest, fluids, analgesics, and antipyretics as early interventions may improve the patient’s prognosis. However, medications that increase the risk of bleeding, such as aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, should always be avoided as they may compound the disease’s hemorrhagic effects. Additional treatment options can include supplemental oxygen, endotracheal intubation, enteral or parenteral nutrition, vasoactive medications, fresh frozen plasma, dialysis, and treatment for secondary infections if necessary. […] As patients wait for the disease to take its course, healthcare providers should attempt to isolate infected patients to prevent the spread through further mosquito bites. This will limit the number of vector-borne mosquitoes and may allow time to vaccinate the rest of the population.

• #2 Yellow fever | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/yellow-fever

  Yellow fever is a disease that is transmitted through mosquito bites. […] There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, but it can be prevented by getting vaccinated and protecting yourself against mosquito bites. […] If you have symptoms of yellow fever, visit your doctor. They can diagnose your condition and help you manage symptoms. […] There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. […] Some symptoms of yellow fever, such as dehydration and fever, can be treated. […] To reduce fever and pain, people with yellow fever should: rest, drink plenty of fluids, take pain relief medicine. […] People with severe symptoms of yellow fever need hospital treatment. Those who are seriously ill will need to be looked after in intensive care. […] You can prevent yellow fever by avoiding mosquito bites and getting vaccinated.

• #2 Yellow Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470425/

  Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness found in tropical and subtropical areas in South America and Africa. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of yellow fever and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the recognition and management of this condition. […] Explain the interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication regarding the management of patients with yellow fever. […] Patients should be managed in the intensive care unit (ICU) and closely monitored for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemorrhage, kidney, and liver dysfunction. […] Universal precautions are required when looking after patients with yellow fever although person-person transmission of the virus is unlikely. […] Since there is no effective treatment or vaccine, prevention is critical.

• #2 Yellow fever: Treatment and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/yellow-fever-treatment-and-prevention/print

  Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate. Clinical manifestations include hepatic dysfunction, renal failure, coagulopathy, and shock. Travelers to tropical regions of South America and sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic are at risk for acquisition of infection and require immunization. […] The treatment of yellow fever consists of supportive care; there is no specific antiviral therapy available. Management of patients may be improved by modern intensive care, but this is generally not available in remote areas where yellow fever often occurs. Supportive care should include maintenance of nutrition, prevention of hypoglycemia, nasogastric suction to prevent gastric distention and aspiration, treatment of hypotension by fluid replacement and vasoactive drugs if necessary, administration of oxygen, prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy, management of metabolic acidosis, treatment of bleeding with fresh-frozen plasma, dialysis if indicated by renal failure, and treatment of secondary infections. […] Antiviral therapies for yellow fever are under investigation.

• #2 Yellow Fever | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Yellow-Fever

  Yellow fever disease is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings, laboratory testing, and travel history, including the possibility of exposure to infected mosquitoes. […] There is no specific treatment for yellow fever; care is based on symptoms. Steps to prevent yellow fever virus infection include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and getting vaccinated. […] Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people aged 9 months who are traveling to or living in areas at risk for yellow fever virus transmission in South America and Africa. […] Yellow fever vaccine is available at designated vaccination centers. […] For most travelers, a single dose of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed. […] However, some travelers may require a booster dose.

• #2 Yellow fever | Doctors Without Borders – USA

  https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/yellow-fever

  Vaccination is the best way to prevent infection and stop outbreaks. […] We aim to control outbreaks through mass vaccination campaigns and community-wide insecticide spraying to kill the mosquitoes that spread the disease, and to provide care for people with severe cases. […] During outbreaks, we treat patients directly and also support national and/or local health departments in providing care, through preparing selected hospitals to manage patients and training health staff. […] There is no specific antiviral drug for yellow fever, but hospital-based supportive care can save the lives of some patients.

• #2 Yellow fever

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/yellow-fever

  There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Current management is based around supportive and preventive care such as fluid replacement, renal dialysis, and medication to reduce gastric acid production. Intensive supportive care may improve outcomes for seriously ill patients, but is rarely available in developing countries. […] Vaccination is the best defence against yellow fever. A single dose of the vaccine provides protection for at least 10 years (and probably for life). Immunity occurs within one week in 95% of people vaccinated. […] Vaccination is highly recommended for travellers to high-risk areas in South America and Africa. A vaccination certificate is required for entry to many countries, particularly for travellers arriving in Asia from Africa or South America. Children less than six months old and pregnant travellers should not be vaccinated. In case of outbreaks, the vaccine may be given to pregnant women if the risk of infection is high.

• #2 Yellow fever: Symptoms, causes, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/174372

  There is no specific treatment, so people will receive supportive care. […] Treatment consists of supportive care in a hospital. […] This includes providing fluids, oxygen, making sure blood pressure is adequate, replacing lost blood, kidney dialysis if there is kidney failure, and treating any secondary infections. […] Some patients may be given plasma transfusion to replace proteins that help with clotting. […] The patient should be kept away from mosquitoes. […] It is important for travelers to have the vaccination, to increase their protection and avoid spreading the disease to others. […] The yellow fever vaccine protects against yellow fever for at least 10 years and should be administered before visiting a region for the first time in which someone can catch the disease. […] A single vaccine dose provides at least 10 years protection, and the person may be protected for life. […] The vaccine is deemed to be safe for patients aged between 9 months and 60 years. […] Any patient over 60 years of age should discuss whether to have the vaccine with a doctor.

• #2 Yellow Fever Vaccine – Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501139/

  A mother who was breastfeeding her 1-year-old received her first dose of yellow fever vaccine and continued to nurse her infant. Seven days after the mothers vaccination, the infant exhibited nasal discharge, headache, fever, anorexia, malaise and dehydration. […] Eight Sudanese nursing mothers received the YFV (17DD) yellow fever vaccine (Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz) within 9 months of delivery. Their infants (ages from 45 days to 8 months) developed symptoms of fever, diarrhea, jaundice, vomiting, and/or skin rashes after one week from when their mothers received the vaccines.

• #2 Yellow fever – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/yellow+fever/yellow+fever+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Vaccination is the single most important measure for preventing yellow fever. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to countries where yellow fever transmission occurs. […] Personal protection and the environmental management of mosquitoes are very important in preventing infection in regions where the virus is present. See Fight the Bite for tips how to protect yourself and your family from mosquito borne diseases.

• #2 Yellow fever – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/yellow-fever.html

  If you are receiving the vaccine for the first time, be aware that it takes ten days for it to become effective (the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis will only be valid ten days after the date of vaccination). […] Protect yourself from mosquito bites, particularly around sunrise and sunset.

• #2 Yellow fever | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/yellow-fever

  Vaccination can help to protect you against yellow fever. […] Even if you have been vaccinated, you still need to prevent mosquito bites. […] To prevent infection from the yellow fever virus, avoid being bitten by mosquitoes in countries where yellow fever is present. […] If you are pregnant, check with your doctor before using mosquito repellent. […] It’s important to get your yellow fever vaccination at an approved clinic. You need it at least 10 days before you travel. […] Yellow fever is a nationally notifiable disease in Australia. If you are diagnosed with yellow fever, your doctor will tell your local public health unit. […] Severe yellow fever can cause organ failure and death.

• #2 Become a Certified Yellow Fever Vaccination Center | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/public-health-provider-resources/public-health-system-resources-and-services/immunization/yellow-fever

  The Washington State Department of Health Office of Immunization processes requests for Yellow Fever vaccine certification and stamp approval. Yellow fever vaccine can only be ordered by and administered at approved Yellow Fever vaccination facilities. […] If you wish to order and administer the Yellow Fever vaccine, follow the process below to become a certified provider. […] After your request is approved, a Yellow Fever vaccine certificate letter of approval with instructions on how to order the official stamp will be sent to you. […] Yellow Fever Stamps need to be renewed every 3 years. To recertify, please complete the certification steps outlined here.

• #2 Yellow fever vaccine (subcutaneous route) – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/yellow-fever-vaccine-subcutaneous-route/description/drg-20066731

  Side effects from this vaccine could occur up to 30 days after you receive the shot. Be sure to tell your doctor about any serious side effects that occur during that time. […] Yellow fever vaccine may cause a serious side effect called neurotropic disease or post-vaccinal encephalitis. Check with your doctor right away if you or your child have confusion, irritability, headache, seizures, stiff neck, or vomiting. […] This vaccine may cause serious allergic reactions affecting multiple body organs (e.g., liver or kidney). Check with your doctor right away if you have the following symptoms: fever, dark urine, headache, rash, stomach pain, unusual tiredness, or yellow eyes or skin. […] Since the vaccine may not protect everyone completely, it is very important that you use precautions to reduce your chance of mosquito bites. These include using insect repellents and mosquito nets, wearing protective clothing, and staying indoors during twilight and after dark.

• #3 Yellow fever

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/yellow-fever

  There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Current management is based around supportive and preventive care such as fluid replacement, renal dialysis, and medication to reduce gastric acid production. Intensive supportive care may improve outcomes for seriously ill patients, but is rarely available in developing countries. […] Vaccination is the best defence against yellow fever. A single dose of the vaccine provides protection for at least 10 years (and probably for life). Immunity occurs within one week in 95% of people vaccinated. […] Vaccination is highly recommended for travellers to high-risk areas in South America and Africa. A vaccination certificate is required for entry to many countries, particularly for travellers arriving in Asia from Africa or South America. Children less than six months old and pregnant travellers should not be vaccinated. In case of outbreaks, the vaccine may be given to pregnant women if the risk of infection is high.

• #3 Yellow fever | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/yellow-fever

  Vaccination against this disease is not funded under the National Immunisation Program, nor by states and territories. […] Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for laboratory workers who work with the yellow fever virus. Workers should have their antibody titres measured if their last vaccine dose was 10 years ago or more to check that they still have protective antibody levels. […] Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people ≥9 months of age who are travelling to an area with a risk of yellow fever virus transmission. […] People who have had a haematopoietic stem cell transplant after a dose of yellow fever vaccine are recommended to receive an extra vaccine dose if they will be in an area with a risk of yellow fever virus transmission. […] Adults aged ≥60 years have a higher risk of severe adverse events after yellow fever vaccination than younger adults. […] Yellow fever vaccine is not recommended, other than in exceptional circumstances, for pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding infants aged <9 months. [...] Yellow fever vaccine can be given to people with well-controlled HIV who are not severely immunocompromised.

• #3 Yellow Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470425/

  The key to this infection is prevention. […] All travelers to endemic regions should be educated about the vaccine, which confers lifelong immunity. […] The pharmacist and nurse should also educate the traveler on wearing long-sleeved garments, sleeping under a net and using DEET containing repellant spray.

• #3 Symptoms and Treatment for Yellow Fever | ID Care

  https://idcare.com/infection/yellow-fever/

  Unfortunately, there aren’t any antiviral medications to treat or cure yellow fever. Rest, fluids, pain relievers, and other medicines to reduce fever and relieve aches is the most common course of action. However, people with severe yellow fever should be hospitalized for close observation. […] If you are traveling to the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America, talk to an ID Travel Care expert about our highly effective yellow fever vaccine. In some countries, you’ll need this vaccination in order to enter. In addition to the vaccine, protecting yourself against mosquitos can protect you against yellow fever. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when going into mosquito-infested areas, stay in well-screened housing, use bed nets, wear permethrin-containing mosquito repellent on your clothing, and DEET repellent on your skin.

• #3 Yellow Fever Vaccine Program Provider Information

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/adult-child-serv/childrenfamilies/immunizations/healthcare/yellow

  Many countries require specific travel vaccines for visitors. […] Health care providers who wish to purchase and administer yellow fever vaccine must complete the Application to be a Michigan Yellow Fever Vaccine Provider and be approved by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) Division of Immunization. […] A physician, physician’s assistant, or nurse practitioner (with prescription-writing privileges) can legally administer the Yellow Fever vaccine after a physician completes the Application to be a Michigan Yellow Fever Vaccine Provider and is approved as a yellow fever provider. […] Once the Yellow Fever Uniform Stamp is received and the International Travel Stamp Receipt form is returned to the MDHHS Division of Immunization, the site will be considered a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Clinic in Michigan and will be eligible to purchase and administer yellow fever vaccine.

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