Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Heat Exhaustion: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21480-heat-exhaustion

  Heat exhaustion is the most common type of heat-related illness. […] Heat exhaustion can progress to life-threatening heat stroke. […] Heat exhaustion treatment involves cooling your body, hydrating and monitoring for signs of heat stroke. […] If you have signs or symptoms of heat exhaustion, do these things right away: Call for medical help. […] How is heat exhaustion diagnosed? […] Paramedics or other emergency services personnel may be the first providers you speak with. […] Theyll talk to you about your symptoms and check your vital signs. […] Depending on your condition, they may take you to a hospital for further evaluation and treatment.

• #2 Heat Illness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553117/

  The disorders of hyperthermia, also known as heat-related injury or illness, exist on a continuum, which is marked by dysregulation of the bodys thermoregulatory capacity. This activity will discuss non-life-threatening heat-related illnesses. It is important to be able to identify and manage these conditions appropriately as moderate hyperthermia can progress to life-threatening heatstroke. […] This article will discuss non-life-threatening heat-related illnesses. It is essential to be able to identify and manage these conditions appropriately as moderate hyperthermia can progress to life-threatening heatstroke. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of heat illness and highlights the healthcare team’s role in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the appropriate evaluation of heat illness.

• #3 Heat Exhaustion – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/heat-illness/heat-exhaustion

  Heat exhaustion is a nonlife-threatening clinical syndrome of weakness, malaise, nausea, syncope, and other nonspecific symptoms caused by heat exposure. […] Diagnosis of heat exhaustion is clinical and requires exclusion of other possible causes of a patient’s symptoms (eg, hypoglycemia, acute coronary syndrome, various infections). […] Diagnose heat exhaustion clinically, testing as indicated to exclude other clinically suspected disorders.

• #4 Heat Exhaustion: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.health.com/heat-exhaustion-7547252

  Heat exhaustion is typically diagnosed based on the symptoms and a physical examination by your healthcare provider. There are no specific tests designed specifically for diagnosing heat exhaustion. […] However, your healthcare provider may perform certain tests to rule out other possible conditions or complications. These tests may include: […] It’s important to note that these tests are not typically necessary for diagnosing heat exhaustion in most cases. Diagnosis is usually made based on your symptoms, medical history, and the circumstances surrounding your exposure to heat. […] If there is concern about a more severe heat-related illness like heat stroke, additional tests such as imaging studies or other laboratory tests may be ordered to evaluate for organ damage or other complications.

• #5 Heat Exhaustion Signs and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/heat-exhaustion

  How Is Heat Exhaustion Diagnosed? […] If you have symptoms of heat exhaustion or see someone who does, get a temperature reading to rule out heat stroke. If you are at a sporting event or other location with a medical professional on hand, they might take your temperature rectally to confirm the diagnosis. They’ll also ask about your activity — such as whether you’ve been exercising outside, working in a hot building, or sitting in a hot car. […] If your temperature is high enough to suggest you might be developing heat stroke — 104 F or higher — you might get other tests, such as: […] A blood test for sodium, potassium, and blood gases […] A urine test to look for kidney effects […] Muscle tests to look for muscle damage […] Imaging tests to look for organ damage.

• #6 Heat exhaustion or heat stroke? Know the signs of heat illness | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

  https://www.noaa.gov/stories/heat-exhaustion-or-heat-stroke-know-signs-of-heat-illness

  No matter what your job is or how you spend your free time, prevention of heat-related illness is key. […] Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of heat illness. (See chart below for symptoms, likely conditions and treatment.) […] Heavy sweating, weakness, cool skin, pale and clammy. Weak pulse. Normal temperature possible. Possible muscle cramps, dizziness, fainting, nausea and vomiting. […] Heat exhaustion is a severe medical emergency. […] If you should experience any of the above symptoms, seek medical assistance/advice immediately. Call 911.

• #7 Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0601/p2133.html

  Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are part of a continuum of heat-related illness. Both are common and preventable conditions affecting diverse patients. Heat exhaustion is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, headache, and nausea. Treatment involves monitoring the patient in a cool, shady environment and ensuring adequate hydration. […] If a patient is suffering from heat-stroke, rapid diagnosis and effective cooling are crucial, because the condition triggers a series of metabolic events that may progress to irreversible injury or death. […] Heat exhaustion is a more common and less extreme manifestation of heat-related illness in which the core temperature is between 37C (98.6F) and 40C. Symptoms of heat exhaustion are milder than those of heatstroke, and include dizziness, thirst, weakness, headache, and malaise. […] Heat exhaustion typically is associated with nonspecific signs and symptoms and mild pyrexia. Patients may experience nausea and malaise, and show signs of circulatory collapse.

• #8 Exertional heat illness in adolescents and adults: Epidemiology, thermoregulation, risk factors, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/exertional-heat-illness-in-adolescents-and-adults-epidemiology-thermoregulation-risk-factors-and-diagnosis

  Exertional heat illness (EHI) is among the leading causes of death in young athletes each year. The process of thermoregulation and the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the different types of EHI, including exertional heat stroke, are reviewed here. Heat exhaustion is characterized by the inability to maintain adequate cardiac output due to strenuous physical exercise and environmental heat stress. The clinical criteria for heat exhaustion generally include the following: Athlete has obvious difficulty continuing with exercise. Core body temperature is usually 101 to 104°F (38.3 to 40.0°C) at the time of collapse. No significant dysfunction of the central nervous system (eg, seizure, altered consciousness, persistent delirium) is present. This is the key difference from exertional heat stroke. The diagnosis of heat injury is primarily based upon a history of collapse during strenuous activity, a core temperature above 104 to 105°F (40 to 40.5°C), and the absence of neurologic findings. The two main criteria for diagnosing exertional heat stroke (EHS) are a core temperature usually above 104.9°F (40.5°C), measured immediately following collapse during strenuous activity, and CNS dysfunction.

• #9 Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0601/p2133.html/1000

  Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are part of a continuum of heat-related illness. Both are common and preventable conditions affecting diverse patients. Heat exhaustion is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, headache, and nausea. Treatment involves monitoring the patient in a cool, shady environment and ensuring adequate hydration. […] If a patient is suffering from heat-stroke, rapid diagnosis and effective cooling are crucial, because the condition triggers a series of metabolic events that may progress to irreversible injury or death. […] Heat exhaustion is a more common and less extreme manifestation of heat-related illness in which the core temperature is between 37C (98.6F) and 40C. Symptoms of heat exhaustion are milder than those of heatstroke, and include dizziness, thirst, weakness, headache, and malaise. Patients with heat exhaustion lack the profound central nervous system derangement found in those with heatstroke. Their symptoms typically resolve promptly with proper hydration and cooling.

• #10 Exertional heat illness in adolescents and adults: Management and prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/exertional-heat-illness-in-adolescents-and-adults-management-and-prevention

  If there is any suspicion of EHS, in other words, any suggestion of neurologic abnormality (eg, abnormal behavior or mood), clinicians should assume that EHS is present and appropriate steps, including rapid cooling, should be initiated as soon as possible. […] The clinical distinction between heat injury and EHS is made based upon a careful assessment of central nervous system dysfunction (eg, seizure, altered mental status, abnormal behavior).

• #11 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-and-treatment-of-heat-stroke.aspx

  Early diagnosis of heat exhaustion and heat stroke is of vital importance as these conditions may progress to fatal complications. […] In most cases diagnosis is made clinically. This involves taking the temperature and assessing the symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. […] Steps to diagnosis of the condition include assessment of core body temperature, blood tests and so forth. […] Usually heat exhaustion may manifest as sweaty and clammy extremities and heat stroke may manifest as hot or warm limbs. The actual body temperature needs to be measured at the core. […] A routine blood test is done. This detects other problems like anemia, diabetes and presence of infections. […] The blood electrolytes like Sodium, Potassium and bicarbonates are disturbed in heat related health conditions. These are assessed on blood tests.

• #12 Heat exhaustion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-exhaustion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373253

  If you need medical attention due to heat exhaustion, the medical staff that may take your rectal temperature to confirm the diagnosis and rule out heatstroke. […] If your health care team suspects your heat exhaustion may have progressed to heatstroke, you could need further tests, including: […] A blood test, to check for low blood sodium or potassium and the content of gases in your blood. […] A urine test, to check the concentration and makeup of your urine. This test can also check your kidney function, which can be affected by heatstroke. […] Muscle function tests, to check for rhabdomyolysis serious damage to your muscle tissue. […] X-rays and other imaging, to check for damage to your inner organs.

• #13 Heat Illness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553117/

  History and physical examination may be all that is necessary to make the diagnosis, and it is not uncommon that testing, including lab work, is normal. If a patient’s presentation is concerning for heat stress, heat injury, or heatstroke, a core temperature should be obtained with rectal thermometry if clinically possible. […] The initial treatment of heat illness involves stopping the activity and moving the individual to a cool environment, as all of these conditions will benefit from cooling. […] More dramatic measures are necessary if the patient has symptoms and signs consistent with heatstroke; the management of heatstroke is beyond the scope of this article.

• #14 What is exertional heat illness? | Sports Medicine News | AOSSM

  https://www.sportsmed.org/membership/sports-medicine-update/summer-2024/a-review-of-exertional-heat-illnesses-ehi

  Heat illnesses fall on a continuum ranging from very mild, including heat rash, heat cramps, heat edema, and heat syncope, to the moderate heat illness of exertional heat exhaustion (EHE). If not recognized quickly and treated appropriately, EHS can lead to a myriad of complications, including but not limited to: multiple organ failure (including circulatory shock, hepatic failure, respiratory failure, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, cognitive disability, and even death. […] Symptoms of EHE, a moderately severe heat illness, can include fatigue, low blood pressure, nausea or vomiting, headache, dizziness, weakness, orthostatic hypotension, fast pulse, cold clammy skin, a feeling of weakness, and an increase in core body temperature which is less than 40.5 0 C or 1050 F. Core body temperature must be measured with a rectal thermometer. Measuring temperature orally, under the axilla or through the skin, will not provide an accurate reading of core temperature. Altered mental status typically is not associated with heat exhaustion. The treatment of heat exhaustion is like the other milder forms of heat illness but with a greater effort on quickly cooling the athlete. Move the athlete to a cool area, preferably an air-conditioned room if one is nearby. Have the athlete lie down with legs and feet elevated and start drinking cold water or a cold electrolyte replacement drink. Remove excess clothing from the athlete and transfer athlete to a swirling ice immersion tub, if available, or wrap the athlete in an ice taco blanket or an ice sheet if an immersion bath is not available. Monitor the athlete closely for any increase in rectal temperature or the development of altered mental status as exertional heat exhaustion can progress into exertional heat stroke.

• #15 Heat Stroke vs. Heat Exhaustion: What’s the Difference?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heat-stroke-vs-heat-exhaustion

  Heat exhaustion occurs when your body loses excess amounts of water and salt, typically from sweating. […] If you’re experiencing any symptoms of a heat-related illness, you should take your temperature. A temperature above 100F (38C) may indicate heat exhaustion while a temperature above 104F (40C) is a sign of heat stroke. […] Your doctor will likely be able to diagnose heat exhaustion or heat stroke based on your symptoms, but they may decide to run tests to confirm the diagnosis or check for complications: […] A blood test may be used to check your sodium or potassium levels to help determine if you’re dehydrated. […] A sample of your urine may be taken. Dark yellow urine may be a sign of dehydration. […] Muscle function tests may be performed. […] Your doctor runs tests to check your kidney function. […] X-rays and other imaging tests can be used to determine if you have any internal organ damage.

• #16

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/sports-health/conditions/heat-exhaustion

  When your body temperature goes up, sweating helps release heat so you can cool down. Heat exhaustion happens when youre not able to get rid of the extra heat, which can make you sick. […] Heat exhaustion comes on suddenly and requires immediate care. […] Our deep experience in caring for active people also helps us recognize symptoms of heat exhaustion and situations that require care in one of our urgent care clinics or emergency departments. […] There are no diagnostic tests for heat exhaustion. We diagnose the condition based on your potential symptoms of heat exhaustion and the current weather conditions. […] To determine whether it is heat exhaustion or something more serious, like heat stroke, we perform a simple physical exam that includes: […] Damp or sweaty skin is a sign of heat exhaustion, while skin that is hot to the touch is a sign of heat stroke. […] A temperature of up to 104F could be a sign of heat exhaustion. Anything higher could be heat stroke. […] We use this information to rule out conditions that may seem similar to heat exhaustion, like low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).

• #17 Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0601/p2133.html

  The diagnosis of heatstroke rests on two critical factors: hyperthermia and central nervous system dysfunction. […] It is essential that clinicians recognize the signs of heatstroke and initiate cooling rapidly. When appropriate treatment is provided without delay, survival can approach 100 percent. […] The initial treatment of patients with heat exhaustion involves stabilization in a cool area. […] Unless the factors leading to heat exhaustion are corrected swiftly, affected patients can progress to heatstroke. […] Prompt reversal of hyperthermia is the cornerstone of heatstroke treatment. […] Immediate initiation of rapid and effective cooling is crucial in a patient with heatstroke.

• #18 Diagnosis and Prevention of Heat-Related Illness | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31607

  Heat exhaustion is the most common heat-related illness and is characterized by volume depletion under heat stress conditions. The heat stress effectively exceeds cardiac output. The symptomatology of this clinical picture is represented by weakness, headache, nausea, dizziness, myalgia, hypotension, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and muscle cramps. […] If not recognized and treated it can evolve into heat stroke. Heatstroke differs because there are evident manifestations of central nervous system alteration, the temperature exceeds 41 °C and transaminases increase after 24 h. Since mental status remains intact in heat exhaustion, any alteration affecting the central nervous system must be considered heat stroke even if the temperature does not exceed 41 °C. […] Treatment includes placing the patient in a supine position in a cool environment. Cooling of the head with cold water, moisturizing of the skin, and placing of iced bags. Water and electrolytes need to be replaced either orally or intravenously. Potential complications include electrolyte disorders (e.g., hypernatremia, hypokalemia), rhabdomyolysis, mild hepatocellular injury, and acute renal failure. […] Most patients who are stable with reassuring test results can be safely discharged after observation.

• #19 Heat stroke in adults – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000174

  Heat exhaustion is a mild to moderate heat illness. The patient presents with a normal or slightly elevated core temperature (37C to 40C), mild neurological symptoms (e.g., intense thirst, weakness, anxiety, dizziness, syncope), and an intact mental status. […] If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke. Heat stroke, however, can occur without preceding heat exhaustion. […] Key diagnostic factors include history of exposure to severe environmental heat or strenuous physical exercise, central nervous system dysfunction, hyperthermia (40C), hot skin (dry or wet), and risk factors. […] Diagnostic investigations include rectal temperature, FBC, liver function tests, renal function tests, glucose, electrolytes, arterial blood gases, creatine kinase, clotting profile, urinalysis, and ECG.

• #20

  https://journals.lww.com/cmii/fulltext/2018/16010/heat_stroke_and_heat_exhaustion__an_update.2.aspx

  Heat exhaustion is a more common and milder manifestation of heat-related illness, in which the core temperature is between 37C (98.6F) and 40C. Patients usually present with excessive sweating, dizziness, thirst, weakness, headache, and malaise and on clinical examination have tachycardia. Patients with heat exhaustion do not present with the symptoms of central nervous system derangement found in those with heatstroke. Their symptoms typically resolve promptly with proper hydration and cooling. […] Diagnosis is clinical […] History of exposure to hot environment […] Elevated core temperature […] Neurological symptoms/signs […] Heat exhaustion is the milder form of heat-related illness. Persons with heat exhaustion usually have a history of exposure to hot environments with some form of exertion (exercise or work). They may present with nonspecific signs and symptoms such as nausea and malaise, mild pyrexia, and features of circulatory collapse. Signs of dehydration may or may not be present. Oliguria is an important indicator of dehydration. […] The diagnosis is clinical and is based on two features: an elevated core body temperature (generally 40C [104F]) and central nervous system dysfunction. Signs of central nervous system dysfunction are essential to the diagnosis of heatstroke.

• #21 Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0601/p2133.html/1000

  Heat exhaustion is a milder entity than heat-stroke that exists on the same continuum of heat-related illness. Heat exhaustion typically is associated with nonspecific signs and symptoms and mild pyrexia. Patients may experience nausea and malaise, and show signs of circulatory collapse. […] The diagnosis of heatstroke rests on two critical factors: hyperthermia and central nervous system dysfunction. Heat-stroke is a medical emergency, and mortality can approach 10 percent. It is essential that clinicians recognize the signs of heatstroke and initiate cooling rapidly. […] The initial treatment of patients with heat exhaustion involves stabilization in a cool area. Unless the factors leading to heat exhaustion are corrected swiftly, affected patients can progress to heatstroke. Symptoms of heat exhaustion often resolve within two to three hours. […] Prompt reversal of hyperthermia is the cornerstone of heatstroke treatment. Patients who present with suspected heatstroke in a community environment should be stabilized in a cool, shady area and transferred to a care facility as soon as heatstroke becomes primary in the differential diagnosis.

• #22 Heat Exhaustion – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/heat-exhaustion

  Heat exhaustion usually is diagnosed on the basis of the symptoms and occurrence after exposure to heat. […] Laboratory tests may be needed if doctors suspect a diagnosis other than heat exhaustion, or sometimes to measure the levels of sodium in the blood of people who may have drunk too much plain water.

• #23 Heat Exhaustion Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/heat-exhaustion

  Doctors or nurses may be able to diagnose heat exhaustion based on a patient’s symptoms or by taking their temperature. In some cases, they may order additional tests to determine if the condition has progressed to heat stroke. […] Heat exhaustion diagnosis tests include: […] Urine test This test can help assess the patient’s hydration levels and kidney function. […] Blood test This test can evaluate electrolyte imbalances and assess gas levels in the blood. […] Muscle test This test can identify muscle damage or inflammation resulting from heat-related stress. […] Imaging test Imaging tests, like X-rays, can reveal potential organ damage or complications, such as swelling in the brain.

• #24 Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-015-0056-z

  Heat exhaustion refers to a group of clinical syndromes that are characterized by hypovolemia after heat stress. Under severe heat stress conditions, too much bodily fluid and sodium in the body are lost. An electrolyte imbalance occurs although no apparent damage to the central nervous system is presented. […] Clinical manifestations include sweating, fatigue, weakness, vertigo, headache, poor judgment, nausea, and vomiting. Sometimes muscle cramps, orthostatic dizziness, and fainting are also present. Body temperature is elevated although no apparent damage to the nervous system presents. Heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner; therefore, heat exhaustion patients should immediately be sent to the hospital for treatment. […] Laboratory Testing: Testing for elevated hematocrit, hypernatremia, mild azotemia, abnormal liver function, elevated creatine kinase (CK) should occur.

• #25 Heatstroke – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353587

  Healthcare professionals can often diagnose heatstroke without testing. However, laboratory tests can confirm the diagnosis, rule out other causes for symptoms and find out if there is any organ damage. These tests include: […] A blood test to check blood sodium and potassium and the content of gases in blood to see if there’s been damage to the central nervous system. […] A urine test to check the color of urine because it’s usually darker if someone has a heat-related condition. A urine test also checks kidney function, which can be affected by heatstroke. […] Muscle damage tests to check for serious damage to the muscle tissue, known as rhabdomyolysis. […] X-rays and other imaging tests to check for damage to the internal organs.

• #26 Heat stroke in adults – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/849

  Heat exhaustion is a mild to moderate heat illness. The patient presents with a normal or slightly elevated core temperature (37C to 40C), mild neurological symptoms (e.g., intense thirst, weakness, anxiety, dizziness, syncope), and an intact mental status. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke. Heat stroke, however, can occur without preceding heat exhaustion. […] Key diagnostic factors include history of exposure to severe environmental heat or strenuous physical exercise, central nervous system dysfunction, hyperthermia (40C), hot skin (dry or wet), and risk factors. […] Diagnostic investigations include rectal temperature, FBC, liver function tests, renal function tests, glucose, electrolytes, arterial blood gases, creatine kinase, clotting profile, urinalysis, and ECG.

• #27 Heat exhaustion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exhaustion

  Heat exhaustion is a heat-related illness characterized by the body’s inability to effectively cool itself, typically occurring in high ambient temperatures or during intense physical exertion. […] A diagnosis of heat exhaustion most commonly is diagnosed by medical professionals with various physical examinations. Through examination a person would have their temperature checked and questioned about their recent activity. […] If the medical professionals suspect a person’s heat exhaustion has progressed into heat stroke they may then lead with these varying tests to verify; […] Blood test, medical professionals when conducting a blood test look for low blood sugar or potassium. They may also look for the presence of unwanted gases in a person’s blood. […] Urinalysis, an urinalysis or urine test is a test to measure color, clarity, pH levels, glucose concentration, and protein levels. The test additionally can check a person’s kidney function, which is common to be affected by classic heat stroke. […] Muscle function tests, medical professionals use muscle function tests to check for rhabdomyolysis, which is severe damage to a person’s skeletal muscle tissue.

• #28 Heat-related illnesses – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/heat-related-illnesses/

  Heat exhaustion, a moderate heat-related illness, is characterized by dehydration, normal or slightly elevated body temperature (typically 40C), and normal mental status. […] Clinical features include symptoms of dehydration, nausea, headache, weakness, and ataxia. […] Diagnostics for dehydration: BMP, CBC, UA, urine electrolytes. […] CPK: to assess for rhabdomyolysis. […] If heatstroke cannot be excluded clinically, begin intensive active cooling without delay. […] Heatstroke is a clinical diagnosis. Diagnostic studies can support the diagnosis, help rule out alternative causes, and assess for complications (e.g., AKI).

• #29 Heat Exhaustion Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://cd.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/heat-exhaustion

  Doctors or nurses may be able to diagnose heat exhaustion based on a patient’s symptoms or by taking their temperature. In some cases, they may order additional tests to determine if the condition has progressed to heat stroke. […] Heat exhaustion diagnosis tests include: […] Urine test: This test can help assess the patient’s hydration levels and kidney function. […] Blood test: This test can evaluate electrolyte imbalances and assess gas levels in the blood. […] Muscle test: This test can identify muscle damage or inflammation resulting from heat-related stress. […] Imaging test: Imaging tests, like X-rays, can reveal potential organ damage or complications, such as swelling in the brain.

• #30 Heat Stroke: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/166320-overview

  Heat stroke is defined as hyperthermia exceeding 40C (104F) associated with an altered sensorium. […] A high index of suspicion is needed to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment. […] Computerized tomography scans may be helpful in ruling out CNS injury in patients with altered mental status. […] Chest radiographs may show atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, or pulmonary edema. […] On electrocardiography, sinus tachycardia of 130-140 beats per minute and nonspecific and ischemic ST-T wave abnormalities are common. […] In addition, a number of conduction abnormalities (eg, right bundle branch block, prolonged QT interval) may be noted.

• #31 Heat Exhaustion – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/heat-exhaustion.html

  How is heat exhaustion diagnosed? […] Your healthcare provider will check your temperature. You may also need any of the following: […] Blood and urine tests may show if you are dehydrated and how your body is working. […] An EKG test records your heart rhythm and how fast your heart beats. It is used to check for heart problems caused by heat exhaustion.

• #32 Heatstroke in Cats: Signs, Treatment, and Prevention | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/systemic/heatstroke-cats

  Heat exhaustion is an early stage of heatstroke, when the cats temperature is approximately 103-104 F. Recognizing the signs of heat exhaustion and acting quickly can prevent heatstroke in cats and tissue damage. […] The diagnosis of heatstroke in cats primarily relies on both the cats history and a physical examination. […] The veterinary team will immediately take blood samples as well as start pulse oximetry to determine the oxygen saturation of the blood and start an electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor the heart. […] Lab tests are used to check for any major and minor infection in the blood throughout the cats stay, including kidney and liver injury. […] Throughout the hospital stay, lab tests will be used to screen for kidney and liver injury.

• #33 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-and-treatment-of-heat-stroke.aspx

  Other tests performed to diagnose heat stroke include: […] ECG is performed to see the activity of the heart. […] Other conditions that must be ruled out in diagnosis as they mimic heat stroke include: […] There may be a history of intake of antipsychotics leading to side effects like neuroleptic malignant syndrome or antidepressants leading to serotonin syndrome. Both manifest with features like heat stroke. […] Heat stroke like features is also seen in drug abusers who use amphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy etc.

• #34 Heatstroke – Injuries and Poisoning – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/heatstroke

  Symptoms and a history of exposure to high heat and humidity. […] The diagnosis of heatstroke is usually evident. People have a high fever, symptoms of brain malfunction, and a history of being exposed to high heat and humidity. […] If the diagnosis is not evident, tests are done for other disorders that can cause similar symptoms, such as infections, stroke, drug use, and an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).

• #35 Hyperthermia (Heat-Related Illnesses) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22111-hyperthermia

  Heat exhaustion is a moderate form of heat illness that can quickly turn into heat stroke without treatment. It happens when you lose too much water and/or salt, typically when exerting yourself in the heat. Your internal body temperature is elevated but below 104 degrees F (40 degrees C). Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, vomiting and headache. […] If you have signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, seek medical care immediately. […] In general, a healthcare provider will diagnose your condition by doing a physical exam and talking to you about your symptoms including what makes them better or worse. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are often diagnosed and treated in the emergency room. There, providers check your vital signs and review your symptoms. They’ll begin treatment right away to prevent complications.

• #36 Heat-related illness signs, symptoms and treatment | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/healthy+living/protecting+your+health/environmental+health/healthy+in+the+heat/heat-related+illness+signs+symptoms+and+treatment

  Heat exhaustion is the bodys response to an excessive loss of water and/or salt contained in sweat. It results from exposure to high heat or strenuous physical exercise. […] The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include: headaches, having a raised body temperature, sweating heavily, fatigue, weakness, and restlessness, nausea and vomiting, weak, rapid pulse, poor coordination, anxiety. […] What to do if you or someone you know is showing the signs of heat exhaustion: stop what you are doing, go to a cool, shaded place and lie down with legs supported and slightly lifted, slowly sip plenty of water or fruit juice, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, cool down with a fan or an air-conditioner, cool water sprayed on skin or by having a cool shower or bath, reduce body temperature by placing cool packs under the armpits, groin, or neck, use massage to ease spasms or cramps, then use ice packs. […] If symptoms of heat exhaustion last for more than an hour, call Triple Zero (000) immediately for an ambulance or go to a hospital Emergency Department.

• #37 Heat Cramps, Exhaustion, Stroke

  https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat-illness

  Heat exhaustion may lead to heat-related illness, and may lead to heat exhaustion or stroke. […] Symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, weakness or tiredness, cool, pale, clammy skin, fast, weak pulse, muscle cramps, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, headache, and fainting. […] First aid for heat exhaustion includes moving the person to a cooler environment, preferably a well air-conditioned room, loosening clothing, applying cool, wet cloths, or having the person sit in a cool bath, and offering sips of water. Seek immediate medical attention if the person vomits, symptoms worsen, or last longer than 1 hour.

• #38 Heat-related health problems | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/heat-stress-and-heat-related-illness

  Heat can cause serious and potentially fatal health problems such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke, trigger sudden events like heart attack or stroke, or worsen existing medical conditions like kidney or lung disease. […] Heat-related health problems occur when our bodies cant cool down well enough to maintain a healthy temperature, or become dehydrated through sweating. […] Heat exhaustion is a serious condition that can progress to heatstroke. It can occur when core body temperature rises to 38-39C. […] Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include: Heavy sweating, Pale skin, Muscle cramps, Weakness, Dizziness, headache, Nausea, vomiting, Fainting, Rapid pulse. […] First aid for heat exhaustion includes: Seek immediate medical assistance by calling Nurse-on-Call on 1300 60 60 24 for 24-hour health advice, transporting the person to a doctor or emergency department, or contacting the Victorian Virtual Emergency Department for non-life-threatening emergencies. […] Heatstroke can occur when the core body temperature rises above 40 C and blood flow to internal organs is restricted. […] Heatstroke is a medical emergency and requires urgent attention.

• #39 How to Handle Heat Illness (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/heat-exhaustion-heatstroke-sheet.html

  In very hot weather, high humidity, and other conditions, body heat can build to dangerous levels. This can cause heat illness, such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heatstroke. Heat exhaustion starts slowly, but if it’s not quickly treated it can progress to heatstroke. […] Heat exhaustion symptoms include increased thirst, weakness and extreme tiredness, fainting, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting, irritability, headache, increased sweating, cool, clammy skin, and body temperature rises, but to less than 105F (40.5C). […] If your child has symptoms of heatstroke, get emergency medical care right away. […] For cases of heat exhaustion or while awaiting help for a child with possible heatstroke, bring the child indoors or into the shade right away, undress the child, have the child lie down and raise their feet slightly, and if the child is alert, place in a lukewarm bath, spray with lukewarm water, or put cool cloths on their skin.

• #40 Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-015-0056-z

  Treatment Principle: Rapid cooling and intravenous infusion are required when there is a severe reduction in blood volume or an electrolyte imbalance. If the blood pressure fluctuates with body position, then the patient should continue to be replenished with saline until hemodynamics are stabilized. The rest of the fluid loss can be supplemented slowly over a period of 48 h. Correction of hypernatremia that occurs too quickly can cause cerebral edema, leading to impaired awareness or epileptic seizures.

• #41 Heat Stroke – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537135/

  Heat-related illness is a spectrum of conditions progressing from heat exhaustion and heat injury to life-threatening heat stroke. […] The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion may present similarly, including cramping, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and headache. […] The workup of patients presenting with possible heat stroke should include frequent monitoring of vital signs and rectal temperature and laboratory studies of CBC, CMP, PT/PTT, blood gasses, serum CPK, and urine myoglobin. […] Management of heat stroke includes ensuring adequate airway protection, breathing, and circulation. […] Prevention is the definitive treatment for heat stroke. […] Optimal treatment in heatstroke patients relies on early recognition and expedition of rapid cooling.

• #42 Heatstroke Versus Heat Exhaustion: What’s the Difference?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/stroke/heat-stroke-versus-heat-exhaustion-whats-the-difference/

  Any person with exposure to extreme heat for a prolonged time is at risk of developing heat exhaustion and heatstroke. […] Heat exhaustion relates to dehydration and subsequent struggle of the heart to pump blood throughout the body. […] People can usually treat heat exhaustion with cold water, cool air, and rest. […] In any instance, swift attention is key to avoiding complications of both heatstroke and heat exhaustion. […] According to StatPearls, the main differences between heatstroke and heat exhaustion are eventual organ damage and the symptoms affecting mood, thinking, and coordination. […] If you suspect that you or someone you know is suffering from heat exhaustion, a few steps can help that person to start cooling off and rehydrating while waiting for medical help. […] Rest is also key because it reduces strain on the cardiovascular system and helps stabilize body temperature.

• #43 Heatstroke Versus Heat Exhaustion: What’s the Difference?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/stroke/heat-stroke-versus-heat-exhaustion-whats-the-difference/

  Heatstroke, on the other hand, is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency treatment. […] Without medical intervention, the condition can quickly cause brain, heart, kidney, and muscle damage or failure, and it can be fatal. […] Heatstroke is more dangerous than heat exhaustion, as it can lead to organ failure and even death. But heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke, and people need to take caution to prevent both in extreme heat, especially if they’re very active or work outdoors.

• #44 Heat exhaustion: Symptoms, treatment, risks, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319570

  A doctor will treat heat exhaustion with intravenous (IV) fluids and electrolytes. If fluids and rest do not resolve symptoms, a doctor will perform a blood work-up and other clinical tests to rule out other potential causes. […] If heat exhaustion is treated promptly, the individual should fully recover within a couple days.

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