Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Brain abscess Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/brain-abscess

  If untreated, a brain abscess is almost always deadly. With treatment, the death rate is about 10% to 30%. The earlier treatment is received, the better. […] Some people may have long-term brain or nerve damage after a brain abscess or surgery.

• #2 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #2 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #3 Distinguishing brain abscess from necrotic glioblastoma using MRI-based intranodular radiomic features and peritumoral edema/tumor volume ratio

  https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/20/3/10.31083/j.jin2003066/htm

  A correct preoperative diagnosis is essential for the treatment and prognosis of necrotic glioblastoma and brain abscess, but the differentiation between them remains challenging. […] Despite standard treatment approaches, including aggressively expanded surgical resections, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients remains depressing, with the median survival after diagnosis being about 15 months and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) being 22 months (range 2 to 168 months) and 10 months (range 1 to 96 months), respectively. […] In contrast, the mortality of brain abscess has declined noticeably over the past 60 years. […] Patients with timely standard treatment can often avoid high-risk surgery and achieve better postoperative recovery.

• #3 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  This study aims to identify predictive factors related to clinical outcome, reoperation, and complications in patients with brain abscess. […] Poor outcome was related to Glasgow coma scale (P = .007) and ventricular proximity (P = .001). […] Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome. […] Patients who underwent aspiration were more likely to experience reoperation, while open craniotomy excision (OCE) was related to complications. […] GCS at admission and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome at 1 year after discharge. […] Surgical method was related to reoperation (P = .045) and complications (P .001). […] The mortality rate and the rate of poor outcome at 1 year discharge in the present study was 6% and 12%, respectively, lower than previous observations.

• #5 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #6

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  This study aims to identify predictive factors related to clinical outcome, reoperation, and complications in patients with brain abscess. […] Poor outcome was related to Glasgow coma scale (P = .007) and ventricular proximity (P = .001). […] Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome. […] Patients who underwent aspiration were more likely to experience reoperation, while open craniotomy excision (OCE) was related to complications. […] GCS at admission and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome at 1 year after discharge. […] Surgical method was related to reoperation (P = .045) and complications (P .001). […] The mortality rate and the rate of poor outcome at 1 year discharge in the present study was 6% and 12%, respectively, lower than previous observations.

• #7 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #8 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #9 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  Only a GCS score 13 was likely to be an independent risk factor for poor patient outcome in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. […] Our study showed that hyperglycemia is related to an unfavorable outcome in the univariate analysis (p=0.016), but this relationship do not remain robust in a multivariate analysis (p=0.081). […] In the multivariate analysis, elevated blood sugar on admission was an independent risk factor associated with prolonged antibiotic use (p=0.032, 95% CI=1.002-1.040).

• #10 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #11 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #12 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  Only a GCS score 13 was likely to be an independent risk factor for poor patient outcome in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. […] Our study showed that hyperglycemia is related to an unfavorable outcome in the univariate analysis (p=0.016), but this relationship do not remain robust in a multivariate analysis (p=0.081). […] In the multivariate analysis, elevated blood sugar on admission was an independent risk factor associated with prolonged antibiotic use (p=0.032, 95% CI=1.002-1.040).

• #13

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  This study aims to identify predictive factors related to clinical outcome, reoperation, and complications in patients with brain abscess. […] Poor outcome was related to Glasgow coma scale (P = .007) and ventricular proximity (P = .001). […] Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome. […] Patients who underwent aspiration were more likely to experience reoperation, while open craniotomy excision (OCE) was related to complications. […] GCS at admission and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome at 1 year after discharge. […] Surgical method was related to reoperation (P = .045) and complications (P .001). […] The mortality rate and the rate of poor outcome at 1 year discharge in the present study was 6% and 12%, respectively, lower than previous observations.

• #14

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #15 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #16 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #17 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #18 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  Only a GCS score 13 was likely to be an independent risk factor for poor patient outcome in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. […] Our study showed that hyperglycemia is related to an unfavorable outcome in the univariate analysis (p=0.016), but this relationship do not remain robust in a multivariate analysis (p=0.081). […] In the multivariate analysis, elevated blood sugar on admission was an independent risk factor associated with prolonged antibiotic use (p=0.032, 95% CI=1.002-1.040).

• #19 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #20 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  This study aims to identify predictive factors related to clinical outcome, reoperation, and complications in patients with brain abscess. […] Poor outcome was related to Glasgow coma scale (P = .007) and ventricular proximity (P = .001). […] Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome. […] Patients who underwent aspiration were more likely to experience reoperation, while open craniotomy excision (OCE) was related to complications. […] GCS at admission and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome at 1 year after discharge. […] Surgical method was related to reoperation (P = .045) and complications (P .001). […] The mortality rate and the rate of poor outcome at 1 year discharge in the present study was 6% and 12%, respectively, lower than previous observations.

• #22

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #23 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #24 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #25

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  This study aims to identify predictive factors related to clinical outcome, reoperation, and complications in patients with brain abscess. […] Poor outcome was related to Glasgow coma scale (P = .007) and ventricular proximity (P = .001). […] Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome. […] Patients who underwent aspiration were more likely to experience reoperation, while open craniotomy excision (OCE) was related to complications. […] GCS at admission and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome at 1 year after discharge. […] Surgical method was related to reoperation (P = .045) and complications (P .001). […] The mortality rate and the rate of poor outcome at 1 year discharge in the present study was 6% and 12%, respectively, lower than previous observations.

• #26 Brain abscess Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/brain-abscess

  If untreated, a brain abscess is almost always deadly. With treatment, the death rate is about 10% to 30%. The earlier treatment is received, the better. […] Some people may have long-term brain or nerve damage after a brain abscess or surgery.

• #27 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #28

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #29

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #30

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #31

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #32

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #33

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #34

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #35

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #36 Distinguishing brain abscess from necrotic glioblastoma using MRI-based intranodular radiomic features and peritumoral edema/tumor volume ratio

  https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/20/3/10.31083/j.jin2003066/htm

  A correct preoperative diagnosis is essential for the treatment and prognosis of necrotic glioblastoma and brain abscess, but the differentiation between them remains challenging. […] Despite standard treatment approaches, including aggressively expanded surgical resections, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients remains depressing, with the median survival after diagnosis being about 15 months and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) being 22 months (range 2 to 168 months) and 10 months (range 1 to 96 months), respectively. […] In contrast, the mortality of brain abscess has declined noticeably over the past 60 years. […] Patients with timely standard treatment can often avoid high-risk surgery and achieve better postoperative recovery.

• #37 Distinguishing brain abscess from necrotic glioblastoma using MRI-based intranodular radiomic features and peritumoral edema/tumor volume ratio

  https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/20/3/10.31083/j.jin2003066/htm

  This study evaluated the predictive performance of radiomic features derived from different regions of lesions, including the intratumoral region (whole tumor), the peritumoral region (brain-tumor interface), and the amalgamation of the two regions (combined region) in differentiating necrotic GBM from brain abscess. […] A diagnostic prediction model was constructed to discriminate between brain abscess and necrotic GBM. Compared with the BTI and the combined region, features extracted from the WT presented the best differential value. A model that combined these radiomic features and the VR showed the best diagnostic performance.

• #38 Distinguishing brain abscess from necrotic glioblastoma using MRI-based intranodular radiomic features and peritumoral edema/tumor volume ratio

  https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/20/3/10.31083/j.jin2003066/htm

  This study evaluated the predictive performance of radiomic features derived from different regions of lesions, including the intratumoral region (whole tumor), the peritumoral region (brain-tumor interface), and the amalgamation of the two regions (combined region) in differentiating necrotic GBM from brain abscess. […] A diagnostic prediction model was constructed to discriminate between brain abscess and necrotic GBM. Compared with the BTI and the combined region, features extracted from the WT presented the best differential value. A model that combined these radiomic features and the VR showed the best diagnostic performance.

• #39 Brain abscess Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/brain-abscess

  If untreated, a brain abscess is almost always deadly. With treatment, the death rate is about 10% to 30%. The earlier treatment is received, the better. […] Some people may have long-term brain or nerve damage after a brain abscess or surgery.

• #40 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #41 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #42

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  This study aims to identify predictive factors related to clinical outcome, reoperation, and complications in patients with brain abscess. […] Poor outcome was related to Glasgow coma scale (P = .007) and ventricular proximity (P = .001). […] Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome. […] Patients who underwent aspiration were more likely to experience reoperation, while open craniotomy excision (OCE) was related to complications. […] GCS at admission and ventricular proximity were associated with poor outcome at 1 year after discharge. […] Surgical method was related to reoperation (P = .045) and complications (P .001). […] The mortality rate and the rate of poor outcome at 1 year discharge in the present study was 6% and 12%, respectively, lower than previous observations.

• #43 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #44 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #45

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #46 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

• #47

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/11150/retrospective_analysis_of_brain_abscess_in_183.11.aspx

  In our study, we again found that decreased GCS score at admission was an independent factor related to poor outcome. […] These factors could explain why ventricular proximity was associated with poor outcome our study, indicating that attention should be paid to abscesses adjacent to the ventricular wall. […] The AUC value for predictive factors of GOS at discharge was 0.870 and GOS at 1 year after discharge was 0.828, indicating that these predictive factors had significant value in judging the prognosis of patients with brain abscess. […] Patients presenting seizure at admission were more likely to develop epilepsy. […] Brain abscess was found to be a main risk factor for the development of post-infectious epilepsy in patients with central nervous infections. […] The incidence of epilepsy was 21.3% (39/183), in spite of a relatively long follow-up times. […] Seizure at admission was found to be a strong predictors of epilepsy following brain abscess (P .001).

• #48 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period. […] At discharge, 41 patients had a favorable outcome and 10 had an unfavorable outcome including 8 deaths. […] We found that the level of consciousness at admission was associated with treatment outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. […] The overall mortality rate was 16%; however, the majority of the deaths were caused by patients’ pre-existing critical medical conditions and not by the abscesses themselves. […] An elevated blood glucose level on admission was associated with a prolonged use of antibiotics. […] In the univariate analyses, admission variables associated with patient outcome included an initial GCS score 13 (p=0.003), a high level of serum CRP (10 mg/L, p=0.024), and hyperglycemia (140 mg/dL, p=0.016).

• #49 Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Brain Abscesses

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4185317/

  Only a GCS score 13 was likely to be an independent risk factor for poor patient outcome in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. […] Our study showed that hyperglycemia is related to an unfavorable outcome in the univariate analysis (p=0.016), but this relationship do not remain robust in a multivariate analysis (p=0.081). […] In the multivariate analysis, elevated blood sugar on admission was an independent risk factor associated with prolonged antibiotic use (p=0.032, 95% CI=1.002-1.040).

• #50 Brain abscess Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/brain-abscess

  If untreated, a brain abscess is almost always deadly. With treatment, the death rate is about 10% to 30%. The earlier treatment is received, the better. […] Some people may have long-term brain or nerve damage after a brain abscess or surgery.

• #51 Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037264/

  Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce. […] Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). […] Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92-6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45-5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21-3.91) for age 65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00-3.28) for abscess diameter 3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. […] This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.

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