Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #1 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  The incidence of pediatric fluency disorder refers to the number of new cases identified in a specific time period. Prevalence refers to the number of individuals who are living with fluency disorders in a given time period. Estimates of incidence and prevalence vary due to a number of factors including disparities in the sample populations (e.g., age), how stuttering or cluttering was defined, and how stuttering or cluttering was identified (e.g., parent/caregiver report, direct observation). […] Overall, the lifetime incidence of stuttering was estimated to be 2.2% in 2002. More recent studies have suggested that this number may be higher. Cumulative incidence estimates vary by age range, as follows: 8.5% by 3 years of age, 11.2% by 4 years of age, and 8% across childhood. […] The lifetime prevalence of stuttering was estimated to be 0.72% in 2002; newer estimates covering the full life span are not available. Prevalence estimates also vary by age, as follows: 2.73% for 3- to 5-year-old children, 2.26% for 6- to 11-year-old children, 1.43% for 12- to 17-year-old children, and 0.81% for adults 21 years and older with childhood onset stuttering.

• #2 CEEOL – Chapter Detail

  https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=877303

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #2 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  The overall objective of this article is to highlight the scientific advances on several aspects of the general domain of stuttering epidemiology achieved during the current century, with special reference to the risk for stuttering. […] The literature on stuttering reveals a measure of confusion that has lasted for several decades regarding the meaning of incidence, often used when, in fact, the data reported and/or the discussion pertain to prevalence. […] The disparity among findings is understandable because accurate stuttering incidence is difficult to determine. […] The other alternative for incidence research is retrospective methods where individuals are asked to report whether they or members of their families have ever stuttered, that is, currently or in the past. […] The six incidence studies published since the year 2000 are summarized in Table 2.

• #3 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  In view of the above, we incline to infer that the conventionally accepted 5% lifetime incidence statistic is, perhaps, too conservative. […] The recent advances show younger age at onset, similar age for the two genders, smaller M/F ratio, many cases of sudden onset sudden, and narrower age range for onset risk (a younger upper end than previously). […] In evaluating the recent information, it is clear that prevalence under age 6 is considerably higher than in later periods in life. […] The concentration of stuttering cases in young ages also means that preparation of clinicians to work with this age group, including evaluation, risk prognosis, parent counselling, and therapy, should be upgraded. […] The smaller polarity of affected males versus females near the time of onset as compared with the polarity at more advanced ages suggests that recovery from stuttering is considerably more frequent in girls than in boys.

• #4 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. The review is organized in six sections: (a) onset, (b) incidence, (c) prevalence, (d) developmental paths, (e) genetics and (f) subtypes. It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, […] (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, […] (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, […] (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain,

• #5 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  The incidence of pediatric fluency disorder refers to the number of new cases identified in a specific time period. Prevalence refers to the number of individuals who are living with fluency disorders in a given time period. Estimates of incidence and prevalence vary due to a number of factors including disparities in the sample populations (e.g., age), how stuttering or cluttering was defined, and how stuttering or cluttering was identified (e.g., parent/caregiver report, direct observation). […] Overall, the lifetime incidence of stuttering was estimated to be 2.2% in 2002. More recent studies have suggested that this number may be higher. Cumulative incidence estimates vary by age range, as follows: 8.5% by 3 years of age, 11.2% by 4 years of age, and 8% across childhood. […] The lifetime prevalence of stuttering was estimated to be 0.72% in 2002; newer estimates covering the full life span are not available. Prevalence estimates also vary by age, as follows: 2.73% for 3- to 5-year-old children, 2.26% for 6- to 11-year-old children, 1.43% for 12- to 17-year-old children, and 0.81% for adults 21 years and older with childhood onset stuttering.

• #6 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/

  Stuttering is a relatively common condition with a global prevalence of around 80 million and poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers. […] The incidence of stuttering varies depending on its underlying etiology. […] Developmental stuttering predominantly affects children aged 2 to 6, with an estimated 5% to 10% of preschoolers affected. […] Although the most consistently reported lifetime incidence is 5%, recent data suggest a higher incidence nearing 10%. […] Many cases of developmental stuttering resolve eventually, but about 1% of adults live with persistent stuttering. […] Epidemiological data on neurogenic stuttering remain incomplete, and the majority of published studies primarily consist of single case reports or small case series. […] General consensus was obtained that neurogenic stuttering is more frequently observed in adults and disproportionately affects men, with reported gender ratios ranging between 2:1 and 10:1.

• #7 Stuttering, a pediatric clinical case review and discussion 

  https://pediatriceducation.org/2015/11/23/what-is-the-rate-of-stuttering-recovery/

  A recent review of stuttering epidemiology found: […] Overall life incidence of 7-8%, and prevalence of 1% […] Rates of stuttering recovery are very high and newer data may indicate even better recovery. Traditionally 85% stuttering recovery has been cited, but newer data cites recovery as closer to 90% and maybe even higher.

• #8 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  The incidence of pediatric fluency disorder refers to the number of new cases identified in a specific time period. Prevalence refers to the number of individuals who are living with fluency disorders in a given time period. Estimates of incidence and prevalence vary due to a number of factors including disparities in the sample populations (e.g., age), how stuttering or cluttering was defined, and how stuttering or cluttering was identified (e.g., parent/caregiver report, direct observation). […] Overall, the lifetime incidence of stuttering was estimated to be 2.2% in 2002. More recent studies have suggested that this number may be higher. Cumulative incidence estimates vary by age range, as follows: 8.5% by 3 years of age, 11.2% by 4 years of age, and 8% across childhood. […] The lifetime prevalence of stuttering was estimated to be 0.72% in 2002; newer estimates covering the full life span are not available. Prevalence estimates also vary by age, as follows: 2.73% for 3- to 5-year-old children, 2.26% for 6- to 11-year-old children, 1.43% for 12- to 17-year-old children, and 0.81% for adults 21 years and older with childhood onset stuttering.

• #9 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #10 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. The review is organized in six sections: (a) onset, (b) incidence, (c) prevalence, (d) developmental paths, (e) genetics and (f) subtypes. It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, […] (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, […] (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, […] (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain,

• #11 Epidemiology of stuttering in the community across the entire life span. – Document – Gale Academic OneFile

  https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA96267544&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=10924388&p=AONE&sw=w

  A randomized and stratified investigation was conducted into the epidemiology of stuttering in the community across the entire life span. […] Results showed that the prevalence of stuttering over the whole population was 0.72%, with higher prevalence rates in younger children (1.4-1.44) and lowest rates in adolescence (0.53). […] These data, along with the prevalence data, provided an estimate of the incidence or risk of stuttering, which was found to range from 2.1% in adults (21-50 years) to 2.8% in younger children (2-5 years) and 3.4% in older children (6-10 years).

• #12 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  The incidence of pediatric fluency disorder refers to the number of new cases identified in a specific time period. Prevalence refers to the number of individuals who are living with fluency disorders in a given time period. Estimates of incidence and prevalence vary due to a number of factors including disparities in the sample populations (e.g., age), how stuttering or cluttering was defined, and how stuttering or cluttering was identified (e.g., parent/caregiver report, direct observation). […] Overall, the lifetime incidence of stuttering was estimated to be 2.2% in 2002. More recent studies have suggested that this number may be higher. Cumulative incidence estimates vary by age range, as follows: 8.5% by 3 years of age, 11.2% by 4 years of age, and 8% across childhood. […] The lifetime prevalence of stuttering was estimated to be 0.72% in 2002; newer estimates covering the full life span are not available. Prevalence estimates also vary by age, as follows: 2.73% for 3- to 5-year-old children, 2.26% for 6- to 11-year-old children, 1.43% for 12- to 17-year-old children, and 0.81% for adults 21 years and older with childhood onset stuttering.

• #13 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  The incidence of pediatric fluency disorder refers to the number of new cases identified in a specific time period. Prevalence refers to the number of individuals who are living with fluency disorders in a given time period. Estimates of incidence and prevalence vary due to a number of factors including disparities in the sample populations (e.g., age), how stuttering or cluttering was defined, and how stuttering or cluttering was identified (e.g., parent/caregiver report, direct observation). […] Overall, the lifetime incidence of stuttering was estimated to be 2.2% in 2002. More recent studies have suggested that this number may be higher. Cumulative incidence estimates vary by age range, as follows: 8.5% by 3 years of age, 11.2% by 4 years of age, and 8% across childhood. […] The lifetime prevalence of stuttering was estimated to be 0.72% in 2002; newer estimates covering the full life span are not available. Prevalence estimates also vary by age, as follows: 2.73% for 3- to 5-year-old children, 2.26% for 6- to 11-year-old children, 1.43% for 12- to 17-year-old children, and 0.81% for adults 21 years and older with childhood onset stuttering.

• #14 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  The incidence of pediatric fluency disorder refers to the number of new cases identified in a specific time period. Prevalence refers to the number of individuals who are living with fluency disorders in a given time period. Estimates of incidence and prevalence vary due to a number of factors including disparities in the sample populations (e.g., age), how stuttering or cluttering was defined, and how stuttering or cluttering was identified (e.g., parent/caregiver report, direct observation). […] Overall, the lifetime incidence of stuttering was estimated to be 2.2% in 2002. More recent studies have suggested that this number may be higher. Cumulative incidence estimates vary by age range, as follows: 8.5% by 3 years of age, 11.2% by 4 years of age, and 8% across childhood. […] The lifetime prevalence of stuttering was estimated to be 0.72% in 2002; newer estimates covering the full life span are not available. Prevalence estimates also vary by age, as follows: 2.73% for 3- to 5-year-old children, 2.26% for 6- to 11-year-old children, 1.43% for 12- to 17-year-old children, and 0.81% for adults 21 years and older with childhood onset stuttering.

• #15 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  The incidence of pediatric fluency disorder refers to the number of new cases identified in a specific time period. Prevalence refers to the number of individuals who are living with fluency disorders in a given time period. Estimates of incidence and prevalence vary due to a number of factors including disparities in the sample populations (e.g., age), how stuttering or cluttering was defined, and how stuttering or cluttering was identified (e.g., parent/caregiver report, direct observation). […] Overall, the lifetime incidence of stuttering was estimated to be 2.2% in 2002. More recent studies have suggested that this number may be higher. Cumulative incidence estimates vary by age range, as follows: 8.5% by 3 years of age, 11.2% by 4 years of age, and 8% across childhood. […] The lifetime prevalence of stuttering was estimated to be 0.72% in 2002; newer estimates covering the full life span are not available. Prevalence estimates also vary by age, as follows: 2.73% for 3- to 5-year-old children, 2.26% for 6- to 11-year-old children, 1.43% for 12- to 17-year-old children, and 0.81% for adults 21 years and older with childhood onset stuttering.

• #16 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  In view of the above, we incline to infer that the conventionally accepted 5% lifetime incidence statistic is, perhaps, too conservative. […] The recent advances show younger age at onset, similar age for the two genders, smaller M/F ratio, many cases of sudden onset sudden, and narrower age range for onset risk (a younger upper end than previously). […] In evaluating the recent information, it is clear that prevalence under age 6 is considerably higher than in later periods in life. […] The concentration of stuttering cases in young ages also means that preparation of clinicians to work with this age group, including evaluation, risk prognosis, parent counselling, and therapy, should be upgraded. […] The smaller polarity of affected males versus females near the time of onset as compared with the polarity at more advanced ages suggests that recovery from stuttering is considerably more frequent in girls than in boys.

• #17 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/

  Stuttering is a relatively common condition with a global prevalence of around 80 million and poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers. […] The incidence of stuttering varies depending on its underlying etiology. […] Developmental stuttering predominantly affects children aged 2 to 6, with an estimated 5% to 10% of preschoolers affected. […] Although the most consistently reported lifetime incidence is 5%, recent data suggest a higher incidence nearing 10%. […] Many cases of developmental stuttering resolve eventually, but about 1% of adults live with persistent stuttering. […] Epidemiological data on neurogenic stuttering remain incomplete, and the majority of published studies primarily consist of single case reports or small case series. […] General consensus was obtained that neurogenic stuttering is more frequently observed in adults and disproportionately affects men, with reported gender ratios ranging between 2:1 and 10:1.

• #18 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #19 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. The review is organized in six sections: (a) onset, (b) incidence, (c) prevalence, (d) developmental paths, (e) genetics and (f) subtypes. It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, […] (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, […] (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, […] (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain,

• #20 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] Children who begin stuttering before age 3 1/2 are more likely to outgrow stuttering; if the child begins stuttering before age 3, there is a much better chance she will outgrow it within 6 months.

• #21 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  The lifetime prevalence, or the proportion of individuals expected to stutter at one time in their lives, is about 56%, and overall males are affected two to five times more often than females. As seen in children who have just begun stuttering, there is an equivalent number of boys and girls who stutter. Still, the sex ratio appears to widen as children grow: among preschoolers, boys who stutter outnumber girls who stutter by about a two to one ratio, or less. This ratio widens to three to one during first grade, and five to one during fifth grade, as girls have higher recovery rates. The overall prevalence of stuttering is generally considered to be approximately 1%. […] Cross-cultural studies of stuttering prevalence were very active in early and mid-20th century, particularly under the influence of the works of Wendell Johnson, who claimed that the onset of stuttering was connected to the cultural expectations and the pressure put on young children by anxious parents, which has since been debunked. Later studies found that this claim was not supported by the facts, so the influence of cultural factors in stuttering research declined. It is generally accepted by contemporary scholars that stuttering is present in every culture and in every race, although the attitude towards the actual prevalence differs. Some believe stuttering occurs in all cultures and races at similar rates, about 1% of general population (and is about 5% among young children) all around the world. A US-based study indicated that there were no racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of stuttering in preschool children.

• #22 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  The lifetime prevalence, or the proportion of individuals expected to stutter at one time in their lives, is about 56%, and overall males are affected two to five times more often than females. As seen in children who have just begun stuttering, there is an equivalent number of boys and girls who stutter. Still, the sex ratio appears to widen as children grow: among preschoolers, boys who stutter outnumber girls who stutter by about a two to one ratio, or less. This ratio widens to three to one during first grade, and five to one during fifth grade, as girls have higher recovery rates. The overall prevalence of stuttering is generally considered to be approximately 1%. […] Cross-cultural studies of stuttering prevalence were very active in early and mid-20th century, particularly under the influence of the works of Wendell Johnson, who claimed that the onset of stuttering was connected to the cultural expectations and the pressure put on young children by anxious parents, which has since been debunked. Later studies found that this claim was not supported by the facts, so the influence of cultural factors in stuttering research declined. It is generally accepted by contemporary scholars that stuttering is present in every culture and in every race, although the attitude towards the actual prevalence differs. Some believe stuttering occurs in all cultures and races at similar rates, about 1% of general population (and is about 5% among young children) all around the world. A US-based study indicated that there were no racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of stuttering in preschool children.

• #23 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  The lifetime prevalence, or the proportion of individuals expected to stutter at one time in their lives, is about 56%, and overall males are affected two to five times more often than females. As seen in children who have just begun stuttering, there is an equivalent number of boys and girls who stutter. Still, the sex ratio appears to widen as children grow: among preschoolers, boys who stutter outnumber girls who stutter by about a two to one ratio, or less. This ratio widens to three to one during first grade, and five to one during fifth grade, as girls have higher recovery rates. The overall prevalence of stuttering is generally considered to be approximately 1%. […] Cross-cultural studies of stuttering prevalence were very active in early and mid-20th century, particularly under the influence of the works of Wendell Johnson, who claimed that the onset of stuttering was connected to the cultural expectations and the pressure put on young children by anxious parents, which has since been debunked. Later studies found that this claim was not supported by the facts, so the influence of cultural factors in stuttering research declined. It is generally accepted by contemporary scholars that stuttering is present in every culture and in every race, although the attitude towards the actual prevalence differs. Some believe stuttering occurs in all cultures and races at similar rates, about 1% of general population (and is about 5% among young children) all around the world. A US-based study indicated that there were no racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of stuttering in preschool children.

• #24 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  The lifetime prevalence, or the proportion of individuals expected to stutter at one time in their lives, is about 56%, and overall males are affected two to five times more often than females. As seen in children who have just begun stuttering, there is an equivalent number of boys and girls who stutter. Still, the sex ratio appears to widen as children grow: among preschoolers, boys who stutter outnumber girls who stutter by about a two to one ratio, or less. This ratio widens to three to one during first grade, and five to one during fifth grade, as girls have higher recovery rates. The overall prevalence of stuttering is generally considered to be approximately 1%. […] Cross-cultural studies of stuttering prevalence were very active in early and mid-20th century, particularly under the influence of the works of Wendell Johnson, who claimed that the onset of stuttering was connected to the cultural expectations and the pressure put on young children by anxious parents, which has since been debunked. Later studies found that this claim was not supported by the facts, so the influence of cultural factors in stuttering research declined. It is generally accepted by contemporary scholars that stuttering is present in every culture and in every race, although the attitude towards the actual prevalence differs. Some believe stuttering occurs in all cultures and races at similar rates, about 1% of general population (and is about 5% among young children) all around the world. A US-based study indicated that there were no racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of stuttering in preschool children.

• #25 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] Children who begin stuttering before age 3 1/2 are more likely to outgrow stuttering; if the child begins stuttering before age 3, there is a much better chance she will outgrow it within 6 months.

• #26 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. […] Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. […] The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] Risk factors that predict a chronic problem rather than spontaneous recovery include: Family history There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood.

• #27 (PDF) Craig, A., Hancock, K., Tran, Y., Craig, M., Peters, K. (2002). Epidemiology of stuttering in the community across the entire lifespan. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 45, 1097-1105

  https://www.academia.edu/26028897/Craig_A_Hancock_K_Tran_Y_Craig_M_Peters_K_2002_Epidemiology_of_stuttering_in_the_community_across_the_entire_lifespan_Journal_of_Speech_Language_and_Hearing_Research_45_1097_1105

  A randomized and stratified investigation was conducted into the epidemiology of stuttering in the community across the entire life span. Results showed that the prevalence of stuttering over the whole population was 0.72%, with higher prevalence rates in younger children (1.4-1.44) and lowest rates in adolescence (0.53). Male-to-female ratios ranged from 2.3:1 in younger children to 4:1 in adolescence, with a ratio of 2.3:1 across all ages. These data, along with the prevalence data, provided an estimate of the incidence or risk of stuttering, which was found to range from 2.1% in adults (21-50 years) to 2.8% in younger children (2-5 years) and 3.4% in older children (6-10 years). […] Few studies have investigated the natural history or epidemiology of stuttering over the entire lifespan. Important aspects of the natural history of stuttering include factors such as its aetiology, its prevalence (that is, how it is distributed in society and how frequent it is at any one time), the incidence (or the risk) of ever developing the disease, the population who is at risk, and the progression of the disease. Prior epidemiological studies in children have led to an established belief in the scientific community that the prevalence of stuttering is about 1%. However, this figure is potentially misleading as a recent study completed by the authors found a much higher prevalence rate in young male children (2%) and a lower prevalence in young female children (0.8%), while substantially lower prevalence rates were found in adolescent males and females (0.8% and 0.2% respectively).

• #28 Stuttering: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0501/p1271.html

  Speech dysfluency (stuttering) occurs in approximately 1.4 percent of children younger than 10 years. Stuttering occurs in persons of all ages, but it is most common in young children who are developing and learning language and speech. Stuttering resolves by adulthood in nearly 80 percent of children with developmental stuttering. Less than 1 percent of adults stutter, 80 percent of whom are men. The prevalence of stuttering is similar across different social, economic, cultural, and ethnic groups. […] The initial assessment of patients who stutter addresses the severity of dysfluency; secondary behaviors; and the impact of stuttering, such as patient distress. Further testing is useful in assessing the need for therapy. […] Families play an important role in the management of stuttering in children by providing an environment that encourages slow speech and by modeling slow, relaxed speech to help reduce stuttering events.

• #29 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  In view of the above, we incline to infer that the conventionally accepted 5% lifetime incidence statistic is, perhaps, too conservative. […] The recent advances show younger age at onset, similar age for the two genders, smaller M/F ratio, many cases of sudden onset sudden, and narrower age range for onset risk (a younger upper end than previously). […] In evaluating the recent information, it is clear that prevalence under age 6 is considerably higher than in later periods in life. […] The concentration of stuttering cases in young ages also means that preparation of clinicians to work with this age group, including evaluation, risk prognosis, parent counselling, and therapy, should be upgraded. […] The smaller polarity of affected males versus females near the time of onset as compared with the polarity at more advanced ages suggests that recovery from stuttering is considerably more frequent in girls than in boys.

• #30 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  Between 75% and 80% of all children who begin stuttering will stop within 12 to 24 months without speech therapy. […] Girls are more likely than boys to outgrow stuttering. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood. Their findings are helping speech-language pathologists determine who is most likely to outgrow stuttering versus who is most likely to develop a lifelong stuttering problem.

• #31 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #32 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. The review is organized in six sections: (a) onset, (b) incidence, (c) prevalence, (d) developmental paths, (e) genetics and (f) subtypes. It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, […] (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, […] (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, […] (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain,

• #33 Stuttering | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617696/3.3/Stuttering

  At least 1% of all studied populations affected. […] Males stutter 3 times more often than females. […] Stuttering is found in every culture and language. The language spoken in the home does not increase or decrease the amount of stuttering. […] Stuttering begins between 2 and 7 years of age, with 98% of cases presenting by age 10 years. […] Girls start stuttering several months earlier on average than boys; however, they also speak, in general, earlier than boys do.

• #34 Stuttering | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617696/3.3/Stuttering

  At least 1% of all studied populations affected. […] Males stutter 3 times more often than females. […] Stuttering is found in every culture and language. The language spoken in the home does not increase or decrease the amount of stuttering. […] Stuttering begins between 2 and 7 years of age, with 98% of cases presenting by age 10 years. […] Girls start stuttering several months earlier on average than boys; however, they also speak, in general, earlier than boys do.

• #35 Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/child/communication/childhood-onset-fluency-disorder

  Childhood-onset fluency disorder develops by age 6 in 80% to 90% of individuals. The average age of onset is from 2 to 7 years. […] The risk of stuttering in 1st-degree biological relatives of individuals with childhood-onset fluency disorder is 3 times the risk of the general population.

• #36 Stuttering | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617696/3.3/Stuttering

  At least 1% of all studied populations affected. […] Males stutter 3 times more often than females. […] Stuttering is found in every culture and language. The language spoken in the home does not increase or decrease the amount of stuttering. […] Stuttering begins between 2 and 7 years of age, with 98% of cases presenting by age 10 years. […] Girls start stuttering several months earlier on average than boys; however, they also speak, in general, earlier than boys do.

• #37 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  In view of the above, we incline to infer that the conventionally accepted 5% lifetime incidence statistic is, perhaps, too conservative. […] The recent advances show younger age at onset, similar age for the two genders, smaller M/F ratio, many cases of sudden onset sudden, and narrower age range for onset risk (a younger upper end than previously). […] In evaluating the recent information, it is clear that prevalence under age 6 is considerably higher than in later periods in life. […] The concentration of stuttering cases in young ages also means that preparation of clinicians to work with this age group, including evaluation, risk prognosis, parent counselling, and therapy, should be upgraded. […] The smaller polarity of affected males versus females near the time of onset as compared with the polarity at more advanced ages suggests that recovery from stuttering is considerably more frequent in girls than in boys.

• #38 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #39 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, […] (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, […] (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes. Readers will be exposed to a summary presentation of the most recent data concerning basic epidemiological factors in stuttering. Most of these factors also pertain to children’s risks for experiencing stuttering onset, as well as risks for persistency. The article also aims to increase awareness of the implications of the information to research, and professional preparation that meets the epidemiology of the disorder.

• #40 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  Between 75% and 80% of all children who begin stuttering will stop within 12 to 24 months without speech therapy. […] Girls are more likely than boys to outgrow stuttering. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood. Their findings are helping speech-language pathologists determine who is most likely to outgrow stuttering versus who is most likely to develop a lifelong stuttering problem.

• #41 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] Children who begin stuttering before age 3 1/2 are more likely to outgrow stuttering; if the child begins stuttering before age 3, there is a much better chance she will outgrow it within 6 months.

• #42 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. […] Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. […] The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] Risk factors that predict a chronic problem rather than spontaneous recovery include: Family history There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood.

• #43 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] Children who begin stuttering before age 3 1/2 are more likely to outgrow stuttering; if the child begins stuttering before age 3, there is a much better chance she will outgrow it within 6 months.

• #44 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] Children who begin stuttering before age 3 1/2 are more likely to outgrow stuttering; if the child begins stuttering before age 3, there is a much better chance she will outgrow it within 6 months.

• #45 Stuttering, a pediatric clinical case review and discussion 

  https://pediatriceducation.org/2015/11/23/what-is-the-rate-of-stuttering-recovery/

  A recent review of stuttering epidemiology found: […] Overall life incidence of 7-8%, and prevalence of 1% […] Rates of stuttering recovery are very high and newer data may indicate even better recovery. Traditionally 85% stuttering recovery has been cited, but newer data cites recovery as closer to 90% and maybe even higher.

• #46 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  Between 75% and 80% of all children who begin stuttering will stop within 12 to 24 months without speech therapy. […] Girls are more likely than boys to outgrow stuttering. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood. Their findings are helping speech-language pathologists determine who is most likely to outgrow stuttering versus who is most likely to develop a lifelong stuttering problem.

• #47 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  The lifetime prevalence, or the proportion of individuals expected to stutter at one time in their lives, is about 56%, and overall males are affected two to five times more often than females. As seen in children who have just begun stuttering, there is an equivalent number of boys and girls who stutter. Still, the sex ratio appears to widen as children grow: among preschoolers, boys who stutter outnumber girls who stutter by about a two to one ratio, or less. This ratio widens to three to one during first grade, and five to one during fifth grade, as girls have higher recovery rates. The overall prevalence of stuttering is generally considered to be approximately 1%. […] Cross-cultural studies of stuttering prevalence were very active in early and mid-20th century, particularly under the influence of the works of Wendell Johnson, who claimed that the onset of stuttering was connected to the cultural expectations and the pressure put on young children by anxious parents, which has since been debunked. Later studies found that this claim was not supported by the facts, so the influence of cultural factors in stuttering research declined. It is generally accepted by contemporary scholars that stuttering is present in every culture and in every race, although the attitude towards the actual prevalence differs. Some believe stuttering occurs in all cultures and races at similar rates, about 1% of general population (and is about 5% among young children) all around the world. A US-based study indicated that there were no racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of stuttering in preschool children.

• #48 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. […] Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. […] The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] Risk factors that predict a chronic problem rather than spontaneous recovery include: Family history There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood.

• #49 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The rich diversity of overt and covert stuttering symptomatology invited various subtype classifications proposals during the 20th century. […] Encouraging research activity has taken place during the current century.

• #50 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, […] (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, […] (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes. Readers will be exposed to a summary presentation of the most recent data concerning basic epidemiological factors in stuttering. Most of these factors also pertain to children’s risks for experiencing stuttering onset, as well as risks for persistency. The article also aims to increase awareness of the implications of the information to research, and professional preparation that meets the epidemiology of the disorder.

• #51 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] Children who begin stuttering before age 3 1/2 are more likely to outgrow stuttering; if the child begins stuttering before age 3, there is a much better chance she will outgrow it within 6 months.

• #52 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. […] Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. […] The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] Risk factors that predict a chronic problem rather than spontaneous recovery include: Family history There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood.

• #53 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  Increased incidence of stuttering has been noted among individuals with a first-degree relative who stutters and even more so if that relative is an identical twin. Approximately 60% of individuals who stutter report having a relative who stutters. […] Estimates have reported the male-to-female ratio of individuals who stutter to be as large as 4:1; however, more recent studies in preschool children have suggested that populations who experience onset at younger ages have smaller ratios in gender differences. […] Findings were mixed regarding the prevalence of stuttering among multilingual individuals as compared to monolingual individuals. […] There was a higher prevalence of stuttering in children with comorbid conditions relative to children without comorbid conditions.

• #54 Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/child/communication/childhood-onset-fluency-disorder

  Childhood-onset fluency disorder develops by age 6 in 80% to 90% of individuals. The average age of onset is from 2 to 7 years. […] The risk of stuttering in 1st-degree biological relatives of individuals with childhood-onset fluency disorder is 3 times the risk of the general population.

• #55 Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198450

  These are the first studies that identify stuttering subtypes based on a broad spectrum of risk / associated factors and comorbidities derived from LCA models. The data employed were taken from two large Swiss epidemiological surveys and the analysis design allowed a replication of findings across the studies. […] This study suggests that both psychosocial adversities in childhood and biological factors are independently associated with the risk of stuttering. These factors served to determine two classes in LCA, i.e., two subtypes of stuttering, which were replicated in both samples. One subtype, termed the cross-linked class, is associated with factors such as atopic diseases (hay fever, asthma, eczema) and psychosocial adversities in childhood. It is characterized by a range of comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders. The other subtype, the idiopathic class, showed only sporadic associations with other variables and smoothed associations with few comorbid disorders. Familial aggregation was present in both subtypes.

• #56 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The rich diversity of overt and covert stuttering symptomatology invited various subtype classifications proposals during the 20th century. […] Encouraging research activity has taken place during the current century.

• #57 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, […] (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, […] (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes. Readers will be exposed to a summary presentation of the most recent data concerning basic epidemiological factors in stuttering. Most of these factors also pertain to children’s risks for experiencing stuttering onset, as well as risks for persistency. The article also aims to increase awareness of the implications of the information to research, and professional preparation that meets the epidemiology of the disorder.

• #58 Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198450

  These are the first studies that identify stuttering subtypes based on a broad spectrum of risk / associated factors and comorbidities derived from LCA models. The data employed were taken from two large Swiss epidemiological surveys and the analysis design allowed a replication of findings across the studies. […] This study suggests that both psychosocial adversities in childhood and biological factors are independently associated with the risk of stuttering. These factors served to determine two classes in LCA, i.e., two subtypes of stuttering, which were replicated in both samples. One subtype, termed the cross-linked class, is associated with factors such as atopic diseases (hay fever, asthma, eczema) and psychosocial adversities in childhood. It is characterized by a range of comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders. The other subtype, the idiopathic class, showed only sporadic associations with other variables and smoothed associations with few comorbid disorders. Familial aggregation was present in both subtypes.

• #59 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://www.stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  Between 75% and 80% of all children who begin stuttering will stop within 12 to 24 months without speech therapy. […] Girls are more likely than boys to outgrow stuttering. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood. Their findings are helping speech-language pathologists determine who is most likely to outgrow stuttering versus who is most likely to develop a lifelong stuttering problem.

• #60 Prevalence | Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter

  https://stutteringhelp.org/prevalence

  About 5% of all children go through a period of stuttering that lasts six months or more. […] Three-quarters of those who begin to stutter will recover by late childhood, leaving about 1% of the population with a long-term problem. […] The sex ratio for stuttering appears to be equal at the onset of the disorder, but studies indicate that among those children who continue to stutter, that is, school-age children, there are three to four times as many boys who stutter as there are girls. […] Risk factors that predict a chronic problem rather than spontaneous recovery include: Family history There is now strong evidence that almost half of all children who stutter have a family member who stutters. […] At present, none of these risk factors appears, by itself, sufficient to indicate a chronic problem; rather it is the cumulative or additive nature of such factors that appears to differentiate children for whom stuttering comes and goes versus those for whom stuttering comes and stays. […] Longitudinal research studies by Drs. Ehud Yairi and Nicoline G. Ambrose and colleagues at the University of Illinois provide excellent new information about the development of stuttering in early childhood.

• #61 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  Increased incidence of stuttering has been noted among individuals with a first-degree relative who stutters and even more so if that relative is an identical twin. Approximately 60% of individuals who stutter report having a relative who stutters. […] Estimates have reported the male-to-female ratio of individuals who stutter to be as large as 4:1; however, more recent studies in preschool children have suggested that populations who experience onset at younger ages have smaller ratios in gender differences. […] Findings were mixed regarding the prevalence of stuttering among multilingual individuals as compared to monolingual individuals. […] There was a higher prevalence of stuttering in children with comorbid conditions relative to children without comorbid conditions.

• #62 Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198450

  These are the first studies that identify stuttering subtypes based on a broad spectrum of risk / associated factors and comorbidities derived from LCA models. The data employed were taken from two large Swiss epidemiological surveys and the analysis design allowed a replication of findings across the studies. […] This study suggests that both psychosocial adversities in childhood and biological factors are independently associated with the risk of stuttering. These factors served to determine two classes in LCA, i.e., two subtypes of stuttering, which were replicated in both samples. One subtype, termed the cross-linked class, is associated with factors such as atopic diseases (hay fever, asthma, eczema) and psychosocial adversities in childhood. It is characterized by a range of comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders. The other subtype, the idiopathic class, showed only sporadic associations with other variables and smoothed associations with few comorbid disorders. Familial aggregation was present in both subtypes.

• #63 Anxiety Social Phobia Depression and Suicide among People Who Stutter; A Review Study – Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology

  https://johe.rums.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.html

  Mental disorders in people who stutter are controversial among researchers. This review study aims to probe four common mental disorders, including anxiety, social phobia, depression, and suicide in people who stutter (PWS) as well as in people who do not stutter (PWNS). […] According to the results, anxiety and social anxiety were the most common mental disorders in the stuttering population. […] It seems depression in PWS increases with aging. […] There is no adequate research on the relationship between suicide and stuttering, but a positive association has been established between suicide and anxiety as well as between social anxiety and depression. […] The rate of anxiety and social anxiety was higher in PWS than in PWNS. We need more research on mental disorders in PWS because various psychological aspects, especially depression, have not yet been fully studied in people who stutter.

• #64 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #65 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. The review is organized in six sections: (a) onset, (b) incidence, (c) prevalence, (d) developmental paths, (e) genetics and (f) subtypes. It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, […] (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, […] (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, […] (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain,

• #66 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  The lifetime prevalence, or the proportion of individuals expected to stutter at one time in their lives, is about 56%, and overall males are affected two to five times more often than females. As seen in children who have just begun stuttering, there is an equivalent number of boys and girls who stutter. Still, the sex ratio appears to widen as children grow: among preschoolers, boys who stutter outnumber girls who stutter by about a two to one ratio, or less. This ratio widens to three to one during first grade, and five to one during fifth grade, as girls have higher recovery rates. The overall prevalence of stuttering is generally considered to be approximately 1%. […] Cross-cultural studies of stuttering prevalence were very active in early and mid-20th century, particularly under the influence of the works of Wendell Johnson, who claimed that the onset of stuttering was connected to the cultural expectations and the pressure put on young children by anxious parents, which has since been debunked. Later studies found that this claim was not supported by the facts, so the influence of cultural factors in stuttering research declined. It is generally accepted by contemporary scholars that stuttering is present in every culture and in every race, although the attitude towards the actual prevalence differs. Some believe stuttering occurs in all cultures and races at similar rates, about 1% of general population (and is about 5% among young children) all around the world. A US-based study indicated that there were no racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of stuttering in preschool children.

• #67 Stuttering | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617696/3.3/Stuttering

  At least 1% of all studied populations affected. […] Males stutter 3 times more often than females. […] Stuttering is found in every culture and language. The language spoken in the home does not increase or decrease the amount of stuttering. […] Stuttering begins between 2 and 7 years of age, with 98% of cases presenting by age 10 years. […] Girls start stuttering several months earlier on average than boys; however, they also speak, in general, earlier than boys do.

• #68 Stuttering | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617696/3.3/Stuttering

  At least 1% of all studied populations affected. […] Males stutter 3 times more often than females. […] Stuttering is found in every culture and language. The language spoken in the home does not increase or decrease the amount of stuttering. […] Stuttering begins between 2 and 7 years of age, with 98% of cases presenting by age 10 years. […] Girls start stuttering several months earlier on average than boys; however, they also speak, in general, earlier than boys do.

• #69 Stuttering: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0501/p1271.html

  Speech dysfluency (stuttering) occurs in approximately 1.4 percent of children younger than 10 years. Stuttering occurs in persons of all ages, but it is most common in young children who are developing and learning language and speech. Stuttering resolves by adulthood in nearly 80 percent of children with developmental stuttering. Less than 1 percent of adults stutter, 80 percent of whom are men. The prevalence of stuttering is similar across different social, economic, cultural, and ethnic groups. […] The initial assessment of patients who stutter addresses the severity of dysfluency; secondary behaviors; and the impact of stuttering, such as patient distress. Further testing is useful in assessing the need for therapy. […] Families play an important role in the management of stuttering in children by providing an environment that encourages slow speech and by modeling slow, relaxed speech to help reduce stuttering events.

• #70 Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/fluency-disorders/?srsltid=AfmBOooqr_IiC6gsnOQc62bQNDLlObYfPtM_fiK29lI3S_2foEDabpS7

  Increased incidence of stuttering has been noted among individuals with a first-degree relative who stutters and even more so if that relative is an identical twin. Approximately 60% of individuals who stutter report having a relative who stutters. […] Estimates have reported the male-to-female ratio of individuals who stutter to be as large as 4:1; however, more recent studies in preschool children have suggested that populations who experience onset at younger ages have smaller ratios in gender differences. […] Findings were mixed regarding the prevalence of stuttering among multilingual individuals as compared to monolingual individuals. […] There was a higher prevalence of stuttering in children with comorbid conditions relative to children without comorbid conditions.

• #71 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  Different regions of the world are researched unevenly. The largest number of studies has been conducted in European countries and in North America, where the experts agree on the mean estimate to be about 1% of the general population. African populations, particularly from West Africa, might have the highest stuttering prevalence in the world reaching in some populations 5%, 6% and even over 9%. Many regions of the world are not researched sufficiently, and for some major regions there are no prevalence studies at all.

• #72 Stuttering – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

  Different regions of the world are researched unevenly. The largest number of studies has been conducted in European countries and in North America, where the experts agree on the mean estimate to be about 1% of the general population. African populations, particularly from West Africa, might have the highest stuttering prevalence in the world reaching in some populations 5%, 6% and even over 9%. Many regions of the world are not researched sufficiently, and for some major regions there are no prevalence studies at all.

• #73 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The rich diversity of overt and covert stuttering symptomatology invited various subtype classifications proposals during the 20th century. […] Encouraging research activity has taken place during the current century.

• #74 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The strong evidence for major genetic components to stuttering accumulated during the 20th century through statistical genetics, reinforced by studies conducted during the current century, paved the way for the next step, employing biological genetics methods to analyze DNA materials with the aim of locating and understanding candidate genes that underlie the disorder. […] The rich diversity of overt and covert stuttering symptomatology invited various subtype classifications proposals during the 20th century. […] Encouraging research activity has taken place during the current century.

• #75 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #76 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, […] (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, […] (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes. Readers will be exposed to a summary presentation of the most recent data concerning basic epidemiological factors in stuttering. Most of these factors also pertain to children’s risks for experiencing stuttering onset, as well as risks for persistency. The article also aims to increase awareness of the implications of the information to research, and professional preparation that meets the epidemiology of the disorder.

• #77 Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198450

  These are the first studies that identify stuttering subtypes based on a broad spectrum of risk / associated factors and comorbidities derived from LCA models. The data employed were taken from two large Swiss epidemiological surveys and the analysis design allowed a replication of findings across the studies. […] This study suggests that both psychosocial adversities in childhood and biological factors are independently associated with the risk of stuttering. These factors served to determine two classes in LCA, i.e., two subtypes of stuttering, which were replicated in both samples. One subtype, termed the cross-linked class, is associated with factors such as atopic diseases (hay fever, asthma, eczema) and psychosocial adversities in childhood. It is characterized by a range of comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders. The other subtype, the idiopathic class, showed only sporadic associations with other variables and smoothed associations with few comorbid disorders. Familial aggregation was present in both subtypes.

• #78 Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198450

  These are the first studies that identify stuttering subtypes based on a broad spectrum of risk / associated factors and comorbidities derived from LCA models. The data employed were taken from two large Swiss epidemiological surveys and the analysis design allowed a replication of findings across the studies. […] This study suggests that both psychosocial adversities in childhood and biological factors are independently associated with the risk of stuttering. These factors served to determine two classes in LCA, i.e., two subtypes of stuttering, which were replicated in both samples. One subtype, termed the cross-linked class, is associated with factors such as atopic diseases (hay fever, asthma, eczema) and psychosocial adversities in childhood. It is characterized by a range of comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders. The other subtype, the idiopathic class, showed only sporadic associations with other variables and smoothed associations with few comorbid disorders. Familial aggregation was present in both subtypes.

• #79 Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198450

  These are the first studies that identify stuttering subtypes based on a broad spectrum of risk / associated factors and comorbidities derived from LCA models. The data employed were taken from two large Swiss epidemiological surveys and the analysis design allowed a replication of findings across the studies. […] This study suggests that both psychosocial adversities in childhood and biological factors are independently associated with the risk of stuttering. These factors served to determine two classes in LCA, i.e., two subtypes of stuttering, which were replicated in both samples. One subtype, termed the cross-linked class, is associated with factors such as atopic diseases (hay fever, asthma, eczema) and psychosocial adversities in childhood. It is characterized by a range of comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders. The other subtype, the idiopathic class, showed only sporadic associations with other variables and smoothed associations with few comorbid disorders. Familial aggregation was present in both subtypes.

• #80 Stuttering – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2032

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5524996/stuttering-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOoqtaKr46H68T7RT7XfXbdbyY3LSvwTGq_QoH4l8xO7zJaDjvWcZ

  The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total prevalent cases of stuttering, diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering and gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering scenario of stuttering in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Japan from 2019 to 2032. […] Total prevalent cases of stuttering in the 7MM were found to be approximately 3,981,012 in 2021. These cases are expected to increase by 2032 at a CAGR of 0.4% during the study period (2019-2032). […] The total diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering in the 7MM were observed to be 878,024 in 2021. These cases are expected to increase during the study period (2019-2032). […] A total of 409,108 diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering were recorded in the US in 2021, these cases are expected to rise at a CAGR of 0.8% for the study period (2019-2032).

• #81 Stuttering – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2032

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5524996/stuttering-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOoqtaKr46H68T7RT7XfXbdbyY3LSvwTGq_QoH4l8xO7zJaDjvWcZ

  The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total prevalent cases of stuttering, diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering and gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering scenario of stuttering in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Japan from 2019 to 2032. […] Total prevalent cases of stuttering in the 7MM were found to be approximately 3,981,012 in 2021. These cases are expected to increase by 2032 at a CAGR of 0.4% during the study period (2019-2032). […] The total diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering in the 7MM were observed to be 878,024 in 2021. These cases are expected to increase during the study period (2019-2032). […] A total of 409,108 diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering were recorded in the US in 2021, these cases are expected to rise at a CAGR of 0.8% for the study period (2019-2032).

• #82 Stuttering Market to Register Stunning Growth at a CAGR of 13.4% by 2034 | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/stuttering-market-to-register-stunning-growth-at-a-cagr-of-13-4-by-2034–delveinsight-302158906.html

  The stuttering epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current stuttering patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. It helps recognize the causes of current and forecasted patient trends by exploring numerous studies and views of key opinion leaders. […] According to estimations by DelveInsight, the total prevalent cases of stuttering across the 7MM stood at roughly 4 million, with nearly 885K diagnosed prevalent cases reported in 2023. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for approximately 47%, EU4 and the UK for nearly 38%, and Japan for around 15% of the total diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering in 2023; these cases are expected to increase by 2034 due to improved diagnostic methods, leading to more accurate identification and reporting of stuttering cases globally.

• #83 Stuttering Market to Register Stunning Growth at a CAGR of 13.4% by 2034 | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/stuttering-market-to-register-stunning-growth-at-a-cagr-of-13-4-by-2034–delveinsight-302158910.html

  According to estimations by DelveInsight, the total prevalent cases of stuttering across the 7MM stood at roughly 4 million, with nearly 885K diagnosed prevalent cases reported in 2023. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for approximately 47%, EU4 and the UK for nearly 38%, and Japan for around 15% of the total diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering in 2023; these cases are expected to increase by 2034 due to improved diagnostic methods, leading to more accurate identification and reporting of stuttering cases globally. […] The stuttering epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current stuttering patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. […] The stuttering market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 20202034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Prevalent Cases of Stuttering, Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Stuttering, Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Stuttering.

• #84 Stuttering Market to Register Stunning Growth at a CAGR of 13.4% by 2034 | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/stuttering-market-to-register-stunning-growth-at-a-cagr-of-13-4-by-2034–delveinsight-302158906.html

  The stuttering epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current stuttering patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. It helps recognize the causes of current and forecasted patient trends by exploring numerous studies and views of key opinion leaders. […] According to estimations by DelveInsight, the total prevalent cases of stuttering across the 7MM stood at roughly 4 million, with nearly 885K diagnosed prevalent cases reported in 2023. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for approximately 47%, EU4 and the UK for nearly 38%, and Japan for around 15% of the total diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering in 2023; these cases are expected to increase by 2034 due to improved diagnostic methods, leading to more accurate identification and reporting of stuttering cases globally.

• #85 Stuttering Market to Register Stunning Growth at a CAGR of 13.4% by 2034 | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/stuttering-market-to-register-stunning-growth-at-a-cagr-of-13-4-by-2034–delveinsight-302158910.html

  According to estimations by DelveInsight, the total prevalent cases of stuttering across the 7MM stood at roughly 4 million, with nearly 885K diagnosed prevalent cases reported in 2023. […] Among the 7MM, the US accounted for approximately 47%, EU4 and the UK for nearly 38%, and Japan for around 15% of the total diagnosed prevalent cases of stuttering in 2023; these cases are expected to increase by 2034 due to improved diagnostic methods, leading to more accurate identification and reporting of stuttering cases globally. […] The stuttering epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current stuttering patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. […] The stuttering market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 20202034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Prevalent Cases of Stuttering, Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Stuttering, Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Stuttering.

• #86 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  In view of the above, we incline to infer that the conventionally accepted 5% lifetime incidence statistic is, perhaps, too conservative. […] The recent advances show younger age at onset, similar age for the two genders, smaller M/F ratio, many cases of sudden onset sudden, and narrower age range for onset risk (a younger upper end than previously). […] In evaluating the recent information, it is clear that prevalence under age 6 is considerably higher than in later periods in life. […] The concentration of stuttering cases in young ages also means that preparation of clinicians to work with this age group, including evaluation, risk prognosis, parent counselling, and therapy, should be upgraded. […] The smaller polarity of affected males versus females near the time of onset as compared with the polarity at more advanced ages suggests that recovery from stuttering is considerably more frequent in girls than in boys.

• #87 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  In view of the above, we incline to infer that the conventionally accepted 5% lifetime incidence statistic is, perhaps, too conservative. […] The recent advances show younger age at onset, similar age for the two genders, smaller M/F ratio, many cases of sudden onset sudden, and narrower age range for onset risk (a younger upper end than previously). […] In evaluating the recent information, it is clear that prevalence under age 6 is considerably higher than in later periods in life. […] The concentration of stuttering cases in young ages also means that preparation of clinicians to work with this age group, including evaluation, risk prognosis, parent counselling, and therapy, should be upgraded. […] The smaller polarity of affected males versus females near the time of onset as compared with the polarity at more advanced ages suggests that recovery from stuttering is considerably more frequent in girls than in boys.

• #88 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  In view of the above, we incline to infer that the conventionally accepted 5% lifetime incidence statistic is, perhaps, too conservative. […] The recent advances show younger age at onset, similar age for the two genders, smaller M/F ratio, many cases of sudden onset sudden, and narrower age range for onset risk (a younger upper end than previously). […] In evaluating the recent information, it is clear that prevalence under age 6 is considerably higher than in later periods in life. […] The concentration of stuttering cases in young ages also means that preparation of clinicians to work with this age group, including evaluation, risk prognosis, parent counselling, and therapy, should be upgraded. […] The smaller polarity of affected males versus females near the time of onset as compared with the polarity at more advanced ages suggests that recovery from stuttering is considerably more frequent in girls than in boys.

• #89 Stuttering: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0501/p1271.html/1000

  Family physicians play an important role in the assessment of patients who stutter because they are often the first to address the condition with parents or patients. Although many cases resolve spontaneously, referral for therapeutic intervention usually is necessary if stuttering is severe or persists for more than six to 12 months, if the patient has a family history of dysfluency, or if the family or patient is overly concerned about stuttering behaviors. […] Stuttering can be challenging to treat because there is a lack of evidence-based consensus about therapy. Although several pharmacologic interventions to control or alleviate stuttering events have been studied, all have proved ineffective or have had adverse effects. […] Although there is no cure for stuttering, successful elimination of mild stuttering is likely when treatment is initiated before four years of age. For all persons who stutter, an optimal outcome depends on the appropriate combination of education, training, and individualized interventions.

• #90 Stuttering: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0501/p1271.html/1000

  Speech dysfluency (stuttering) occurs in approximately 1.4 percent of children younger than 10 years. Stuttering occurs in persons of all ages, but it is most common in young children who are developing and learning language and speech. Stuttering resolves by adulthood in nearly 80 percent of children with developmental stuttering. Less than 1 percent of adults stutter, 80 percent of whom are men. The prevalence of stuttering is similar across different social, economic, cultural, and ethnic groups. […] The initial assessment of patients who stutter addresses the severity of dysfluency; secondary behaviors; and the impact of stuttering, such as patient distress. Further testing is useful in assessing the need for therapy. […] The treatment of early, mild stuttering (generally in children younger than six years of age) focuses on the prevention or elimination of stuttering behaviors, usually by parental involvement and direct treatment. The likelihood of eliminating stuttering behaviors decreases if they persist beyond eight years of age.

• #91 Stuttering: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0501/p1271.html/1000

  Family physicians play an important role in the assessment of patients who stutter because they are often the first to address the condition with parents or patients. Although many cases resolve spontaneously, referral for therapeutic intervention usually is necessary if stuttering is severe or persists for more than six to 12 months, if the patient has a family history of dysfluency, or if the family or patient is overly concerned about stuttering behaviors. […] Stuttering can be challenging to treat because there is a lack of evidence-based consensus about therapy. Although several pharmacologic interventions to control or alleviate stuttering events have been studied, all have proved ineffective or have had adverse effects. […] Although there is no cure for stuttering, successful elimination of mild stuttering is likely when treatment is initiated before four years of age. For all persons who stutter, an optimal outcome depends on the appropriate combination of education, training, and individualized interventions.

• #92 Delphi Survey of Items for the Test of Stuttering Screening in Children (TSSC)

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/19/ELOCATOR/e174501792305170/FULLTEXT/

  Stuttering is a fluency disorder that mostly begins in childhood and affects many people in our societies. No standardized screening tools are available to check for stuttering in the Indian school-going population. […] The developed screening tool could help practicing clinicians quickly identify stuttering in school-going populations. This would enable early identification and build up the statistical data to estimate the prevalence of stuttering among the school-going population. […] The researchers in the field of child fluency disorders have emphasized the need for assessment tools to identify stuttering among school-going children which are performance-based, can be administered on one to one basis and are robust to note various speech and non-speech behaviors relevant to stuttering.

• #93 Delphi Survey of Items for the Test of Stuttering Screening in Children (TSSC)

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/19/ELOCATOR/e174501792305170/FULLTEXT/

  Stuttering is a fluency disorder that mostly begins in childhood and affects many people in our societies. No standardized screening tools are available to check for stuttering in the Indian school-going population. […] The developed screening tool could help practicing clinicians quickly identify stuttering in school-going populations. This would enable early identification and build up the statistical data to estimate the prevalence of stuttering among the school-going population. […] The researchers in the field of child fluency disorders have emphasized the need for assessment tools to identify stuttering among school-going children which are performance-based, can be administered on one to one basis and are robust to note various speech and non-speech behaviors relevant to stuttering.

• #94 Delphi Survey of Items for the Test of Stuttering Screening in Children (TSSC)

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/19/ELOCATOR/e174501792305170/FULLTEXT/

  In India, standardized screening tools for detecting stuttering in school-aged children are currently lacking. The existing tools are too lengthy for screening within a limited time frame. Our team has created a new screening tool that will allow clinicians to identify stuttering in this population quickly. This will aid in early detection and in gathering data on the prevalence of stuttering among school-aged children. […] The present study has aimed at offering a standardized screening tool for the presence of stuttering in school going population in India using a structured and systematic Delphi-based approach with the experts. This quick performance-based screening measure’s culture, language and age-specific nature could help clinicians and researchers in epidemiological assessments.

• #95 Delphi Survey of Items for the Test of Stuttering Screening in Children (TSSC)

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/19/ELOCATOR/e174501792305170/FULLTEXT/

  Stuttering is a fluency disorder that mostly begins in childhood and affects many people in our societies. No standardized screening tools are available to check for stuttering in the Indian school-going population. […] The developed screening tool could help practicing clinicians quickly identify stuttering in school-going populations. This would enable early identification and build up the statistical data to estimate the prevalence of stuttering among the school-going population. […] The researchers in the field of child fluency disorders have emphasized the need for assessment tools to identify stuttering among school-going children which are performance-based, can be administered on one to one basis and are robust to note various speech and non-speech behaviors relevant to stuttering.

• #96 Delphi Survey of Items for the Test of Stuttering Screening in Children (TSSC)

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/19/ELOCATOR/e174501792305170/FULLTEXT/

  In India, standardized screening tools for detecting stuttering in school-aged children are currently lacking. The existing tools are too lengthy for screening within a limited time frame. Our team has created a new screening tool that will allow clinicians to identify stuttering in this population quickly. This will aid in early detection and in gathering data on the prevalence of stuttering among school-aged children. […] The present study has aimed at offering a standardized screening tool for the presence of stuttering in school going population in India using a structured and systematic Delphi-based approach with the experts. This quick performance-based screening measure’s culture, language and age-specific nature could help clinicians and researchers in epidemiological assessments.

• #97 Using Technology in Intervention Services Provided to Arab Individuals Who Stutter: A Literature Review | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-97-8588-9_50

  However, prevalence estimates range from 2.2 to 5.6%. […] Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by investigating the current types of technology used in stuttering interventions for Arabic PWS. […] The findings revealed that the technology’s application has primarily focused on four areas: assessment/evaluation, treatment delivery, documentation, and studies related to support groups/communities. […] However, there is a limited use of technology with Arabic PWS, furthermore, several types of technology have not been used with Arabic PWS such as smart apps, virtual reality, and AI-powered stuttering detection software for Arabic PWS. […] This discrepancy could be attributed to the limited number of studies investigating speech-language pathologists’ use of technology with Arab PWS. […] Therefore, further research is warranted to get deeper into the types and effectiveness of technology-based interventions for Arab PWS.

• #98 Improved Speech Recognition for People Who Stutter – Apple Machine Learning Research

  https://machinelearning.apple.com/research/speech-recognition

  Our findings demonstrate the contrasting experiences that PWS encounter with speech technologies, and an overall strong interest in improved speech input accessibility from most survey participants. Primary accessibility challenges reflected in both the survey and the baseline speech-recognition performance included being cut off too early (with VAs) and ASR accuracy issues (with both VAs and dictation). […] Although some PWS may not be interested even in improved speech recognition (for example, due to the physical effort required to speak or concern about others overhearing them), these technical interventions hold promise for many others.

• #99 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3687212/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #100 CEEOL – Chapter Detail

  https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=877303

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. […] It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain, (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes.

• #101 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  Epidemiological advances in stuttering during the current century are reviewed within the perspectives of past knowledge. The review is organized in six sections: (a) onset, (b) incidence, (c) prevalence, (d) developmental paths, (e) genetics and (f) subtypes. It is concluded that: (1) most of the risk for stuttering onset is over by age 5, earlier than has been previously thought, with a male-to-female ratio near onset smaller than what has been thought, […] (2) there are indications that the lifespan incidence in the general population may be higher than the 5% commonly cited in past work, […] (3) the average prevalence over the lifespan may be lower than the commonly held 1%, […] (4) the effects of race, ethnicity, culture, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status on the incidence/prevalence of stuttering remain uncertain,

• #102 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, […] (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, […] (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes. Readers will be exposed to a summary presentation of the most recent data concerning basic epidemiological factors in stuttering. Most of these factors also pertain to children’s risks for experiencing stuttering onset, as well as risks for persistency. The article also aims to increase awareness of the implications of the information to research, and professional preparation that meets the epidemiology of the disorder.

• #103 Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances. Journal of Fluency Disorders, June 2013 – Preserved Stories

  https://preservedstories.com/2014/03/14/epidemiology-of-stuttering-21st-century-advances-journal-of-fluency-disorders-june-2013/

  (5) longitudinal, as well as incidence and prevalence studies support high levels of natural recovery from stuttering, […] (6) advances in biological genetic research have brought within reach the identification of candidate genes that contribute to stuttering in the population at large, […] (7) subtype-differentiation has attracted growing interest, with most of the accumulated evidence supporting a distinction between persistent and recovered subtypes. Readers will be exposed to a summary presentation of the most recent data concerning basic epidemiological factors in stuttering. Most of these factors also pertain to children’s risks for experiencing stuttering onset, as well as risks for persistency. The article also aims to increase awareness of the implications of the information to research, and professional preparation that meets the epidemiology of the disorder.

• #104 Improving the global public health problem of stuttering | University of Technology Sydney

  https://www.uts.edu.au/about/faculties/health/faculty-health-research/insight/digital-virtual-and-ai-health-collaborative/improving-global-public-health-problem-stuttering

  The Australian Stuttering Research Centre has embarked on an ambitious five-year project to provide complex, free online treatment to the 156 million people globally who stutter. […] Stuttering is a prevalent and debilitating genetic communication disorder that impairs quality of life and burdens all societies, regardless of race or culture. […] Our vision is to improve the global public health problem of stuttering. […] Our intention is to contribute positive change of global health and wellbeing to all communities. […] Currently, there are more than 670 speech pathology training programs worldwide in more than 50 countries, none of which support advanced education for stuttering management.

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