Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Giardiasis, caused by the protozoa Giardia duodenalis (also called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia), is a prevalent small intestinal infection marked by symptoms such as watery diarrhea and flatulence. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment strategies for giardiasis, emphasizing the crucial role of the interprofessional healthcare team in enhancing patient care. […] Implement evidence-based guidelines for treating giardiasis, selecting appropriate medications and dosages for optimal patient outcomes. […] Select suitable medications and treatment regimens based on the patient’s age, comorbidities, and individual factors, ensuring personalized and effective care. […] Communicate clearly with patients and other healthcare providers, providing detailed information about giardiasis, treatment options, and preventive measures, fostering patient understanding and cooperation.

• #1 Patient education: Giardia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardia-beyond-the-basics

  Giardia (also called giardiasis or Giardia infection) is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a microscopic organism called Giardia lamblia. This parasite, which also goes by the names Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis, resides in the gut and can cause diarrhea and stomach discomfort (nausea, stomachache). It is one of the most common gastrointestinal parasites; it is estimated that over 300 million cases occur globally each year. […] Giardia can affect people of all ages, but it is especially common in children younger than five years old. It is also seen in internationally adopted children and among people who travel in resource-limited settings. […] Treatment for Giardia involves taking an antibiotic. The duration of treatment varies depending on the antibiotic given and on whether or not you have a weakened immune system. In most cases, this is enough to eliminate the infection and its symptoms.

• #1 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #1 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Giardiasis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p802.html

  Giardiasis has become an increasingly common cause of diarrhea and malabsorption in humans. The usual incubation period for symptomatic giardiasis is one to two weeks but may vary from one to 45 days. Patients who develop symptoms usually have loose diarrhea with foul-smelling, non-bloody stools. Other common symptoms include flatulence, abdominal cramps, bloating, anorexia, nausea and weight loss. Malabsorption is common and is the likely cause of the substantial weight loss that may occur. The diagnosis of giardiasis is usually confirmed by the presence of cysts or, less frequently, trophozoites in stool specimens stained with trichome or iron hematoxylin. Several effective treatments are currently available for patients with symptomatic giardiasis. The majority of patients will respond to a five-day course of metronidazole. The prevention of infection with G. lamblia should focus primarily on the avoidance of contaminated water. Vigorous hand-washing and proper disposal of soiled diapers should be practiced in day care settings. […] The most effective method of rendering Giardia cysts nonviable is boiling the water. Chlorination is not effective. Filtration with a pore size of 2 m or smaller is also effective for removing Giardia cysts from water.

• #1 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  Giardiasis (jee-ahr-dahy-uh-sis) is a diarrheal illness caused by a parasite called Giardia. The Giardia parasite lives in the intestines of infected people and animals and forms an outer shell called a „cyst”. Giardia cysts can live outside the body for long periods of time. […] Giardiasis is a contagious disease. When a person or animal infected with Giardia begins to have symptoms, millions of cysts are shed in their feces during a bowel movement. The shedding of the cysts can last for weeks after the symptoms stop. People can become infected after accidentally swallowing Giardia cysts. […] Symptoms can begin one to two weeks after becoming infected with the Giardia cysts. Symptoms include: Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Bloating, Gas, Fatigue, Weight loss, Dehydration. […] Giardiasis can be diagnosed by your health care provider by looking for the cysts in a sample of feces under a microscope or using special tests.

• #1 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Healthcare providers should consider a patient’s medical history, clinical signs, nutrition, and immune system status when treating Giardia infections. […] Diagnosing giardiasis can be difficult. Healthcare providers sometimes decide to treat patients based on appropriate history and clinical signs of giardiasis. Healthcare providers should talk with patients about their treatment options. […] Several different types of medications can treat Giardia infections. […] Effective medications include: Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide, Metronidazole. […] Other medications healthcare providers can use to treat Giardia infection include: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin, Quinacrine, Furazolidone. […] Dehydration due to diarrhea can be a particular risk among pregnant patients and can be life-threatening for infants. For this reason, rehydration is especially important for these groups.

• #1 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Most patients presenting with giardiasis are nontoxic and may necessitate only oral rehydration for initial fluid resuscitation. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids might be necessary. Proper fluid and electrolyte management is crucial, particularly in large-volume diarrheal losses. […] The standard treatment for giardiasis involves antibiotic therapy, with metronidazole being the first-line treatment for this condition. […] Metronidazole is safe for children, and a typical dose is 30 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg per day divided into 3 doses. It is recommended to treat children experiencing failure to thrive with acute or chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, or other GI symptoms when Giardia organisms have been identified. […] Generally, asymptomatic individuals do not require treatment, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent household transmission, especially from toddlers to pregnant women or patients with cystic fibrosis. Treatment is also recommended for patients with malabsorption associated with G intestinalis who require oral antibiotics for other infections.

• #1 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: Giardiasis

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis (Jee-aar-dai-uh-suhs) is a diarrheal illness caused by the parasite, Giardia (Jee-aar-dee-uh). Giardia is found in soil, food or water that has been contaminated with the stool (feces) from an infected person or animal. If a person or animal becomes infected with Giardia, the parasite lives in the intestines and can be passed in feces. Giardia is shown to have a protective outer shell that contributes to its survival for weeks or even months. With Giardia having a high survival rate, it can spread very easily since this parasite can contaminate anything. […] Giardiasis infections are normally diagnosed through laboratory testing of stool, intestinal fluid, or intestinal biopsy specimens. Multiple stool specimens may be required, as it can be difficult to detect Giardia. […] Though Giardia symptoms can go away on their own without treatment, there are times when antibiotic treatment is needed for persistent infections or those who are at high risk (infants and those with weakened immune systems). Over-the-counter drugs may relieve symptoms but will not get rid of the parasite.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk7138

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine, take it as directed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected.

• #1 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Standard treatment for giardiasis consists of antibiotic therapy. […] Metronidazole (often 250 mg three times daily in adults for 5-7 days) is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for this condition. […] However, metronidazole use has been associated with failure rates of up to 40% in clearing parasites from the gut as well as with poor patient compliance. […] More recently, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has recommended considerations for tinidazole (a single 2-g dose in adults, or 50 mg/kg up to a maximum of 2000 g in children 3 years), or nitazoxanide therapy (500 mg twice daily for 3 days in adults; age-based dosing in children 1 year old). […] Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management is critical, particularly in patients with large-volume diarrheal losses.

• #1 Giardia infection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000288.htm

  Giardia, or giardiasis, is a parasitic infection of the small intestine. A tiny parasite called Giardia lamblia causes it. […] If there are no symptoms or only mild symptoms, no treatment may be needed. Some infections go away on their own within a few weeks. […] Medicines may be used for: Severe symptoms or symptoms that do not go away; People who work in a daycare center or nursing home, to reduce the spread of disease. […] Antibiotic treatment is successful for most people. These include tinidazole, nitazoxanide or metronidazole. […] People who take diuretics („water pills”) may need to stop taking these medicines if they have giardiasis. Never stop taking any medicine without first talking to your provider. […] Workers in daycare centers or institutions should use good handwashing and hygiene techniques when moving from child to child or person to person. […] Safer sexual practices may decrease the risk for getting or spreading giardiasis. People practicing anal sex should be especially careful.

• #1 Giardiasis | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=hw186436

  If you have symptoms, your doctor may prescribe medicine to kill the parasite. It’s important to take the medicine for as long as prescribed, so the infection doesn’t return. […] You can manage your symptoms at home. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of bland food until you feel better. This gives your bowel a rest. […] Take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. This is especially important for children. They can get dehydrated quickly. […] Some people with giardiasis have temporary trouble digesting milk and milk products (lactose intolerance). If you have this problem, avoid these foods for at least 1 month. Then slowly add them back into your daily meals as your body can handle them. […] If you don’ t have symptoms, there is usually no treatment. But your doctor may give you medicine to lower the chance that you will pass the infection to others. […] There are some things you can do to avoid giardiasis. […] Wash your hands often to prevent getting giardiasis from an infected person. This is very important before you prepare food, after you change diapers, use the toilet, or help someone else use the toilet.

• #1 Controlling Spread of Giardiasis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/giardiasis-0

  Food handlers with giardiasis must be excluded from work until diarrhea has ceased. […] Children with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Students or staff with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Food handlers with Giardia infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone, (until 24 hours after last bout of diarrhea or until formed stools are occurring). […] Residents with giardiasis should be placed on standard (including enteric) precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff and clients with giardiasis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided. […] Control of person-to-person transmission requires special emphasis on personal cleanliness and sanitary disposal of feces. […] All child care staff and children should practice good hand hygiene at all times.

• #1 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Patients and individuals at risk should receive advice on proper hygiene methods and recognize the signs of infection. Emphasis should be placed on thorough hand washing after changing diapers. Additionally, daycare workers should be meticulous about hand hygiene to reduce transmission between children and staff. […] Giardiasis is a prevalent enteric infection, typically characterized by watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps in affected patients. A collaborative healthcare approach involving emergency department providers, nurse practitioners, and primary caregivers emphasizes the crucial role of hydration in achieving positive patient outcomes.

• #1 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  There are several prescription drugs available to treat Giardia. […] Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, rubbing hands together vigorously and scrubbing all surfaces: Before preparing or eating food, After using the toilet, After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet, Before and after tending to someone who is ill with diarrhea, After handling an animal or animal waste. […] Use careful and frequent hand washing to prevent spread to others in your household. […] If you have diarrhea you should stop working until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] Children with diarrhea should be kept out of child care settings until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and local health departments (LHDs) monitor giardiasis in California. If many cases are reported, CDPH and LHDs will investigate to find the cause, fix the problem, and educate the public.

• #1 Treatment of Giardiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88965/

  Adverse effects reported with tinidazole are not as common as with metronidazole but do include bitter taste, vertigo, and gastrointestinal upset. […] The management of symptomatic G. lamblia infection during pregnancy is a challenge for the clinician because no therapeutic agent combines optimal efficacy and safety. […] Metronidazole has been used extensively during pregnancy, primarily for therapy of trichomoniasis in 7- to 10-day courses. […] Paromomycin is generally considered safe because it is poorly absorbed from the intestine and excreted almost 100% unchanged in the feces. […] Treatment of all asymptomatic patients calls for careful interpretation of the clinical situation, but they may not always require therapy. […] If resistance or relapse has occurred, treatment with a drug of a different class or with a combination of a nitroimidazole and quinacrine for at least 2 weeks should eradicate infection.

• #1 Giardia infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection

  If there are no symptoms or only mild symptoms, no treatment may be needed. Some infections go away on their own within a few weeks. […] Medicines may be used for: […] People who work in a daycare center or nursing home, to reduce the spread of disease. […] In most pregnant women, treatment should not start until after delivery. Some drugs used to treat the infection can be harmful to the unborn baby. […] Workers in daycare centers or institutions should use good handwashing and hygiene techniques when moving from child to child or person to person.

• #1 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #1 Giardia: Infection, treatment and prevention | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

  https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/giardia-infection-treatment-and-prevention

  With proper treatment, most dogs fully recover from giardiasis. […] If diarrhea continues after treatment, your veterinarian may need to recheck a stool sample to see whether your dog has been reinfected. […] Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling pets or infected feces is always important. […] An infected dog does increase the risk of exposing other dogs in the household to Giardia, due to the presence of cysts.

• #1 Giardiasis (Giardia Infection): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/giardiasis-overview

  There isnt a vaccine to prevent it, but there are steps you can take: Wash your hands after you use the toilet, after you change diapers, and before you eat or prepare food. Filter or boil water if youre outdoors. Try not to swallow water when you swim in a pool, lake, or stream. Drink bottled water when you travel to places with unsafe water. And dont use ice cubes. Use a condom if you have anal sex.

• #1 Giardia | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/giardia

  If you are taking care of a person with giardiasis, scrub your hands with plenty of soap and water after contact with the person’s stool (for example, after changing diapers). Promptly and carefully dispose of any material that has been contaminated with stool, and always wash your hands after such contact. […] Because giardiasis is a disease that can easily spread to other people, health care providers are required by law to report cases to the local board of health.

• #1 Giardia infection (giardiasis)

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Giardia-infection

  Giardia infection (giardiasis) is a form of gastroenteritis (gastro). […] Symptoms including diarrhoea and stomach cramps usually appear between 7 and 10 days after infection. […] Good hygiene can help stop it spreading. […] Consult your doctor for treatment, as prescription medications such as antibiotics are usually required. Chronic infection can last for months to years if left undiagnosed and untreated. […] Avoid anti-vomiting or anti-diarrhoeal medications unless a doctor has prescribed or recommended them for you. […] While you have the infection, drink plenty of fluids such as plain water or oral rehydration drinks (available from a pharmacy). […] Do not go to work until at least 24 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] Do not handle or prepare food until at least 24 hours after symptoms have stopped.

• #2 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  Giardiasis (jee-ahr-dahy-uh-sis) is a diarrheal illness caused by a parasite called Giardia. The Giardia parasite lives in the intestines of infected people and animals and forms an outer shell called a „cyst”. Giardia cysts can live outside the body for long periods of time. […] Giardiasis is a contagious disease. When a person or animal infected with Giardia begins to have symptoms, millions of cysts are shed in their feces during a bowel movement. The shedding of the cysts can last for weeks after the symptoms stop. People can become infected after accidentally swallowing Giardia cysts. […] Symptoms can begin one to two weeks after becoming infected with the Giardia cysts. Symptoms include: Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Bloating, Gas, Fatigue, Weight loss, Dehydration. […] Giardiasis can be diagnosed by your health care provider by looking for the cysts in a sample of feces under a microscope or using special tests.

• #2 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Giardiasis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p802.html

  Giardiasis has become an increasingly common cause of diarrhea and malabsorption in humans. The usual incubation period for symptomatic giardiasis is one to two weeks but may vary from one to 45 days. Patients who develop symptoms usually have loose diarrhea with foul-smelling, non-bloody stools. Other common symptoms include flatulence, abdominal cramps, bloating, anorexia, nausea and weight loss. Malabsorption is common and is the likely cause of the substantial weight loss that may occur. The diagnosis of giardiasis is usually confirmed by the presence of cysts or, less frequently, trophozoites in stool specimens stained with trichome or iron hematoxylin. Several effective treatments are currently available for patients with symptomatic giardiasis. The majority of patients will respond to a five-day course of metronidazole. The prevention of infection with G. lamblia should focus primarily on the avoidance of contaminated water. Vigorous hand-washing and proper disposal of soiled diapers should be practiced in day care settings. […] The most effective method of rendering Giardia cysts nonviable is boiling the water. Chlorination is not effective. Filtration with a pore size of 2 m or smaller is also effective for removing Giardia cysts from water.

• #2 Giardiasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/giardiasis

  Symptoms of giardiasis generally show up one or two weeks after exposure. […] You may have to submit one or more stool samples for testing. […] Your doctor might prescribe medication if your infection is severe or prolonged. […] Most doctors will recommend treatment with antiparasitic drugs, rather than leaving it to clear up on its own. […] Giardiasis can lead to complications such as weight loss and dehydration from diarrhea. […] You cant prevent giardiasis, but you can lower your risk of getting it by thoroughly washing your hands, especially if you work in places where germs spread easily, such as day care centers. […] Giardiasis infections usually last about six to eight weeks, but problems such as lactose intolerance can persist after the infection clears up.

• #2 Giardiasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/giardiasis

  Giardiasis is a parasitic infection thats diagnosed by examining a stool sample and sometimes taking a tissue sample from the small intestine. […] Giardiasis is an infection in your small intestine. Its caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. […] This condition can be found all over the world, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, its more common in overcrowded developing countries that lack sanitary conditions and water quality control. […] The most common way to get giardiasis is to drink water that contain G. lamblia. […] Contracting giardiasis from food is less common because heat kills the parasites. […] Giardiasis also spreads through personal contact. […] Changing a childs diaper or picking up the parasite while working in a day care center are also common ways to become infected.

• #2 Patient education: Giardia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardia-beyond-the-basics

  Special considerations for children — Antibiotics are the most important part of Giardia treatment both in children and adults, but children sometimes need additional care. Diarrhea can cause dehydration and a salt imbalance, both of which can be especially tough on children. For them, drinks containing electrolytes may be recommended to restore what is lost through diarrhea. […] If you are diagnosed with Giardia infection, do not prepare food or drink for others and do not share linens, towels, or eating utensils while you have symptoms. […] The key to preventing Giardia and other infections is good hygiene. Here are some prevention tips: Wash your hands with soap and water before eating and after using the bathroom and teach children to do the same. […] If you or your child develop symptoms again after being treated for Giardia, your health care provider may want to run another stool test to determine if Giardia is causing the problem.

• #2 Giardiasis – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/giardiasis.page

  Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. […] Health care providers can detect the infection through stool tests. […] People with giardiasis should drink plenty of fluids, especially young children and pregnant women. Healthy people usually recover on their own without medication. Medicines for treatment such as metronidazole, tinidazole or nitazoxanide can be prescribed by a health care provider. […] Since the Giardia parasite is found in the stool, people should stay home from work, school or child care if they cannot control their bowel movements. That includes infants, young children and people with certain types of disabilities. […] Food handlers, health care workers and children in day care must get approval from the Health Department before they can return to work or school. This involves follow-up stool testing.

• #2 Giardiasis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/giardiasis.html

  Giardiasis, a top cause of diarrhea, is an intestinal illness that can pass easily from person to person. […] Doctors usually treat giardiasis with prescription medicines that kill the parasites. […] If your child has giardiasis, be sure to give all doses on schedule for as long as your doctor directs. This will help your child recover faster and will kill parasites that might infect others in your family. Encourage all family members to wash their hands well and often, especially after using the bathroom and before eating or preparing food. […] Some food safety and hygiene precautions can help prevent giardiasis. To help protect your family: Drink only from water supplies that have been approved by local health authorities. […] Wash your hands well and often if you’re caring for someone who has giardiasis. […] Call the doctor if your child has: lots of diarrhea, especially if they also have a fever, belly pain, or dont want to eat or drink.

• #2 Giardiasis | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=hw186436

  If you have symptoms, your doctor may prescribe medicine to kill the parasite. It’s important to take the medicine for as long as prescribed, so the infection doesn’t return. […] You can manage your symptoms at home. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of bland food until you feel better. This gives your bowel a rest. […] Take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. This is especially important for children. They can get dehydrated quickly. […] Some people with giardiasis have temporary trouble digesting milk and milk products (lactose intolerance). If you have this problem, avoid these foods for at least 1 month. Then slowly add them back into your daily meals as your body can handle them. […] If you don’ t have symptoms, there is usually no treatment. But your doctor may give you medicine to lower the chance that you will pass the infection to others. […] There are some things you can do to avoid giardiasis. […] Wash your hands often to prevent getting giardiasis from an infected person. This is very important before you prepare food, after you change diapers, use the toilet, or help someone else use the toilet.

• #2 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  There are several prescription drugs available to treat Giardia. […] Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, rubbing hands together vigorously and scrubbing all surfaces: Before preparing or eating food, After using the toilet, After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet, Before and after tending to someone who is ill with diarrhea, After handling an animal or animal waste. […] Use careful and frequent hand washing to prevent spread to others in your household. […] If you have diarrhea you should stop working until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] Children with diarrhea should be kept out of child care settings until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and local health departments (LHDs) monitor giardiasis in California. If many cases are reported, CDPH and LHDs will investigate to find the cause, fix the problem, and educate the public.

• #2 Giardia | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/health-conditions-and-treatments/giardia

  If your child has symptoms, your doctor will ask you to provide a stool sample. It can be hard to detect Giardia so you may have to provide more than one sample. […] If your child has Giardia, your doctor will prescribe medication. Your child should take all of the medicine prescribed by your doctor. If they stop taking it before the illness is gone, the infection can come back. […] Contact your doctor if you think your child has a Giardia infection. See below for more details. […] Provide the stool samples on different days to confirm the diagnosis. […] Continue to offer breast milk, formula or liquids in small, frequent feedings, even if your child is vomiting. It is very important for your child to stay hydrated. […] If your doctor confirms that your child has Giardia, keep him home from child care until the diarrhea has stopped. […] Make sure that everyone in your house is washing their hands with soap and water after changing a diaper and using the toilet, and before preparing and eating food. […] Clean and disinfect shared toys.

• #2 Giardia infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection

  If there are no symptoms or only mild symptoms, no treatment may be needed. Some infections go away on their own within a few weeks. […] Medicines may be used for: […] People who work in a daycare center or nursing home, to reduce the spread of disease. […] In most pregnant women, treatment should not start until after delivery. Some drugs used to treat the infection can be harmful to the unborn baby. […] Workers in daycare centers or institutions should use good handwashing and hygiene techniques when moving from child to child or person to person.

• #2 About Giardiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/giardiasis/basics.html

  Giardiasis can be treated with a number of prescription drugs including metronidazole, nitazoxanide, and tinidazole. Some infections are self-limited, and treatment is not required. Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] If you or your child test positive for Giardia and have no symptoms, treatment is generally not recommended. […] People who have symptoms of giardiasis can reduce the risk of spreading their illness to others by following these recommendations: Wash hands carefully and frequently with soap, especially after using the bathroom and changing diapers, and before handling or eating any food. […] Stay out of pools, splash pads, and lakes while sick. […] Do not attend or work at a child care or preschool until 24 hours after diarrhea stops. […] Wait to have sex until symptoms have stopped.

• #2 Giardia infection (giardiasis)

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Giardia-infection

  Health care workers, child care workers and food handlers should not attend work until 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] Keep children home from school until at least 24 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] People in hospitals, nursing homes and other residential facilities should be nursed in their own room, with a private bathroom until at least 24 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] Immediately remove and wash any clothes or bedding contaminated with vomit or diarrhoea using soap and hot water. […] Thoroughly clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces with a bleach-based household cleaner immediately after any episode of vomiting. […] Breastfed babies should continue to be breastfed throughout their illness. […] To stop the spread of infection, wash hands with soap and water after changing nappies and before preparing or handling food or drinks. […] Supervise children to make sure they wash their hands properly. […] Make sure foods are thoroughly cooked. […] Wait at least 2 weeks after symptoms have ceased before entering a swimming pool, spa, splash park, spray park or water slide. […] If sexually active, always practice safe sex.

• #2 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Patients and individuals at risk should receive advice on proper hygiene methods and recognize the signs of infection. Emphasis should be placed on thorough hand washing after changing diapers. Additionally, daycare workers should be meticulous about hand hygiene to reduce transmission between children and staff. […] Giardiasis is a prevalent enteric infection, typically characterized by watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps in affected patients. A collaborative healthcare approach involving emergency department providers, nurse practitioners, and primary caregivers emphasizes the crucial role of hydration in achieving positive patient outcomes.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abr3097

  Giardiasis (say „jee-ar-DYE-uh-sus”) is an infection of the intestines caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if your child is having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine, have your child take it as directed. […] Watch for and treat signs of dehydration, which means that the body has lost too much water. […] Do not give your child over-the-counter antidiarrhea or upset-stomach medicines without talking to your doctor first. […] Have your child wash their hands often to prevent getting sick from an infected person. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: Your child has new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your child does not get better as expected.

• #3 Controlling Spread of Giardiasis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/giardiasis-0

  Food handlers with giardiasis must be excluded from work until diarrhea has ceased. […] Children with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Students or staff with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Food handlers with Giardia infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone, (until 24 hours after last bout of diarrhea or until formed stools are occurring). […] Residents with giardiasis should be placed on standard (including enteric) precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff and clients with giardiasis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided. […] Control of person-to-person transmission requires special emphasis on personal cleanliness and sanitary disposal of feces. […] All child care staff and children should practice good hand hygiene at all times.

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