Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Practice Nursing – Recurrent venous leg ulcers: management in general practice

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical-focus/recurrent-venous-leg-ulcers-management-in-general-practice/

  Venous leg ulcers commonly recur. Annemarie Brown highlights some self-care strategies that patients can use to reduce their risk […] The primary prevention strategy is the life-long wearing of compression hosiery; however, compliance is low for several reasons including lack of understanding of the need to wear compression hosiery and difficulties applying and removing it. Self-care strategies such as physical exercise and mobility, leg elevation and appropriate skin care, can help to prevent recurrence of venous leg ulcers. […] Despite improved healing rates, however, recurrence rates are depressingly high. Around 6070% of all VLUs are reported to recur after healing, with the highest recurrence rate within 3 months and the majority recurring within 12 months.

• #2 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  Venous leg ulcers are slow-healing wounds with a high recurrence rate of 70% and a 60% risk of becoming chronic. […] Approximately 70% of patients have a knowledge deficit with regards to therapeutic measures and have difficulties with adherence to treatment protocols. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the treatment team provides effective patient education and support during the learning phase. […] Current therapeutic approaches are multifaceted and include compression therapy, leg elevation, specific ankle-exercises and a protein diet. […] As patient adherence to the care plan is an essential factor in leg ulcer healing and in the prevention of recurrent ulcers, the individual components and factors associated with non-adherence are of interest. […] The literature indicates that patients with VLUs do not have sufficient knowledge of the pathophysiology of their condition or of preventive measures to perform effective self-management.

• #3 Overview of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers: a US perspective

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3930479/

  After the wound has healed, there is ample evidence to support lifelong use of compression stockings to minimize ulcer recurrence. […] The AAWC guidelines encourage providers to consider skin replacement when there is no improvement in a venous leg ulcer after 30 days. […] The AAWC recognizes that intermittent pneumatic compression heals venous leg ulcers better than no compression (level A).

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (evidence Level D). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (evidence Level D). […] General measures such as diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (evidence Level D). […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level B). […] Venous surgery reduces the chances of recurrence of ulcer (evidence Level B). […] Sclerotherapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level C). […] Phlebotonics may be effective in the prevention of venous ulcers (evidence Level D).

• #5

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/standard_guidelines_for_management_of_venous_leg.49.aspx

  Management of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) should include a comprehensive assessment of all patients presenting with a leg ulcer. […] Compression therapy has been proven beneficial for venous ulcer treatment and is the standard of care (Evidence level A). […] Below-knee graduated compression hosiery is recommended to prevent recurrence of VLU in patients where leg ulcer healing has been achieved Grade A. […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (Evidence level B). […] Surgical correction of superficial venous reflux in addition to compression bandaging on long term follow-up has contributed significantly to bringing down rates of ulcer recurrence Grade B. […] Diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (Evidence level E). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (Evidence level D). […] Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (Evidence level D). […] Sclerotherapy may reduce the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (Evidence level C).

• #6 Compression therapy for preventing venous leg ulcers returning | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD002303/WOUNDS_compression-therapy-preventing-venous-leg-ulcers-returning

  A high level of compression may be more effective for preventing ulcers returning than a lower level of compression or no compression. […] Continued use of compression therapy after healing may reduce the chance of ulcers recurring. […] Compression with EU class 3 compression stockings may reduce reulceration compared with no compression over six months. […] UK class 3 compression hosiery may reduce reulceration compared with UK class 2 compression hosiery; however, higher compression may lead to lower compliance. […] More research is needed to investigate acceptable modes of long-term compression therapy for people at risk of recurrent venous ulceration. Future trials should consider interventions to improve compliance with compression treatment, as higher compression may result in lower rates of reulceration.

• #7 Compression therapy for preventing venous leg ulcers returning | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD002303/WOUNDS_compression-therapy-preventing-venous-leg-ulcers-returning

  A high level of compression may be more effective for preventing ulcers returning than a lower level of compression or no compression. […] Continued use of compression therapy after healing may reduce the chance of ulcers recurring. […] Compression with EU class 3 compression stockings may reduce reulceration compared with no compression over six months. […] UK class 3 compression hosiery may reduce reulceration compared with UK class 2 compression hosiery; however, higher compression may lead to lower compliance. […] More research is needed to investigate acceptable modes of long-term compression therapy for people at risk of recurrent venous ulceration. Future trials should consider interventions to improve compliance with compression treatment, as higher compression may result in lower rates of reulceration.

• #8 Venous Leg Ulcers: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/varicose-veins-leaflet/venous-leg-ulcers

  Venous leg ulcers are common in older people. […] After an ulcer has healed you should wear a support stocking each day, which helps to prevent it recurring. […] To prevent this, you should wear a support (compression) stocking during the daytime for at least five years after the ulcer has healed. This counteracts the raised pressure in the veins that causes venous leg ulcers. […] A leg ulcer is much less likely to recur if you wear compression stockings regularly. […] Sometimes surgery for varicose veins or other vein problems is advised after an ulcer has healed, in order to help prevent a recurrence.

• #9 Venous leg ulcer prevention 2: hosiery product selection | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/tissue-viability-and-wound-care/venous-leg-ulcer-prevention-2-hosiery-product-selection-26-06-2019/

  Nurses need to encourage patients with elevated BMI to lose weight and take regular exercise in combination with a healthy balanced diet. […] Accurate measurement is essential to ensure the most appropriate hosiery and the correct fit. A stocking that fits well will produce effective graduated compression and be comfortable to wear.

• #10 Venous leg ulcer | Mölnlycke Advantage

  https://www.molnlycke.ae/education/wound-areas/vlu/venous-leg-ulcer/

  Venous leg ulceration and chronic venous insufficiency represent a significant health problem throughout the world. The key to successful management lies in the use of compression therapy. […] Compression therapy is widely recognized as key to the management of venous leg ulcers, it increases healing rates in comparison with no compression therapy, and, after healing, reduces recurrence rates. […] It is essential that before treating a lower leg ulcer with compression therapy that the underlying aetiology has been established and arterial disease has been excluded. […] The effective management of wound exudate has been shown to reduce time to ulcer healing, to reduce the risk of skin damage and infection, and to enhance patient quality of life and improve healthcare clinical and cost efficiency.

• #11

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (evidence Level D). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (evidence Level D). […] General measures such as diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (evidence Level D). […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level B). […] Venous surgery reduces the chances of recurrence of ulcer (evidence Level B). […] Sclerotherapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level C). […] Phlebotonics may be effective in the prevention of venous ulcers (evidence Level D).

• #12 Venous Ulcers: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0901/p298.html

  Venous ulcers are the most common type of chronic lower extremity ulcers, affecting 1% to 3% of the U.S. population. […] Current evidence supports treatment of venous ulcers with compression therapy, exercise, dressings, pentoxifylline, and tissue products. […] Early venous ablation and surgical intervention to correct superficial venous reflux can improve healing and decrease recurrence rates. […] Compression therapy is beneficial for venous ulcer treatment and is the standard of care. […] Early endovenous ablation to correct superficial venous reflux improves ulcer healing rates. […] The recurrence rate of venous ulcers has been reported as high as 70%. […] Venous intervention and long-term use of compression stockings are important for preventing recurrence, and leg elevation can be beneficial when used with compression stockings. […] Exercise should be encouraged to improve calf muscle pump function. […] Good social support and self-efficacy have also been shown to help prevent venous ulcer recurrence.

• #13 Rationale for surgery in the treatment of venous ulcer of the leg – Servier – PhlebolymphologyServier – Phlebolymphology

  https://www.phlebolymphology.org/rationale-for-surgery-in-the-treatment-of-venous-ulcer-of-the-leg/

  Venous ulcer of the leg is the most severe clinical presentation of chronic venous insufficiency. […] The aim of this article is to review the disease in terms of evidence-based medicine in order to determine the potential of surgery as a component of efficient treatment. […] Treatment has a dual objective: obtaining ulcer healing, then preventing recurrence. Accordingly, the permanent increase in venous pressure must be reduced or eliminated. […] The surgical indications may be summarized as follows: in venous ulcer, surgery is exceptionally justified in order to obtain ulcer healing. Surgery to eradicate primary varices is indicated in the absence of deep venous insufficiency in order to prevent ulcer recurrence. […] Conversely, the management of perforator disease is more problematic, but a degree of consensus exists with regard to endoscopic ligation of large-caliber perforators of the legs. […] In combined ulcers, reconstructive arterial surgery is necessary, when potentially feasible, in order to obtain ulcer healing and to prevent recurrence.

• #14

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (evidence Level D). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (evidence Level D). […] General measures such as diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (evidence Level D). […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level B). […] Venous surgery reduces the chances of recurrence of ulcer (evidence Level B). […] Sclerotherapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level C). […] Phlebotonics may be effective in the prevention of venous ulcers (evidence Level D).

• #15 Rationale for surgery in the treatment of venous ulcer of the leg – Servier – PhlebolymphologyServier – Phlebolymphology

  https://www.phlebolymphology.org/rationale-for-surgery-in-the-treatment-of-venous-ulcer-of-the-leg/

  Venous ulcer of the leg is the most severe clinical presentation of chronic venous insufficiency. […] The aim of this article is to review the disease in terms of evidence-based medicine in order to determine the potential of surgery as a component of efficient treatment. […] Treatment has a dual objective: obtaining ulcer healing, then preventing recurrence. Accordingly, the permanent increase in venous pressure must be reduced or eliminated. […] The surgical indications may be summarized as follows: in venous ulcer, surgery is exceptionally justified in order to obtain ulcer healing. Surgery to eradicate primary varices is indicated in the absence of deep venous insufficiency in order to prevent ulcer recurrence. […] Conversely, the management of perforator disease is more problematic, but a degree of consensus exists with regard to endoscopic ligation of large-caliber perforators of the legs. […] In combined ulcers, reconstructive arterial surgery is necessary, when potentially feasible, in order to obtain ulcer healing and to prevent recurrence.

• #16 Ulcer prevention – Leg Ulcer Center

  https://legulcercenter.com/ulcer-prevention/

  Venous ulcers are caused by poor circulation due to high pressure in the veins from broken valves. […] To treat venous leg ulcers, you must treat underlying venous insufficiency. […] In addition, compression stockings or compression bandages promote adequate wound healing. […] The primary treatment for leg ulcers has included leg elevation, mobility, compression stockings, weight loss, and local wound care. […] New medical data from the best expert vein doctors shows that treating venous insufficiency and vein disease early can help with ulcers. […] A medical study called the EVRA trial found that closing down unhealthy veins improved circulation and helped ulcers heal more quickly. […] Hopefully, these results will lead to greater awareness in the medical community to refer patients early for venous disease, especially ulcers. […] The overwhelming majority of ulcers are the result of superficial vein disease that now has a proven technique for successful treatment.

• #17

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Leg ulcers associated with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) are known to recur after healing. Recurrence can occur in patients treated conservatively or with surgery. Such recurrences in severe CVI may be as high as 37%, and it seems to be higher in patients treated without surgery and in those with deep venous insufficiency. Conservative hemodynamic correction may also be very effective in preventing recurrences and has lesser adverse effects than the surgery like venous stripping. Both treatment and prevention of recurrence of venous ulcers aims to reduce the pressure in the venous system of the lower limb. This can be accomplished by mainly by applying the compression stockings or hosieries on legs, surgical ablation of superficial and/or perforating veins or blocking any incompetent veins by injecting solutions (sclerotherapy). Several general measures such as exercise, limb elevation, and lifestyle modifications are likely to benefit.

• #18

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/leg-ulcer

  To prevent and promote healing of ulcers: […] Wear at least Grade 2 support stockings (compression hosiery) if your doctor has advised these. This is particularly important for the post-thrombotic syndrome, leg swelling or discomfort, and for long-distance flights. […] Compression therapy is an important part of the management of venous leg ulcers and chronic swelling of the lower leg. Compression results in healing of 40-70% of chronic venous ulcers within 12 weeks. […] Avoid injury, particularly when pushing a supermarket trolley. Consider protective shin splints. […] Walk and exercise for at least an hour a day to keep the calf muscle pump working properly. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Stop smoking. […] Check your feet and legs regularly. Look for cracks, sores or changes in colour. Moisturise after bathing. […] Have a vascular ultrasound assessment and consult a vascular surgeon to determine whether any vein treatment should be carried out. […] Horse chestnut extract appears to be of benefit for at least some patients with venous disease.

• #19

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (evidence Level D). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (evidence Level D). […] General measures such as diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (evidence Level D). […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level B). […] Venous surgery reduces the chances of recurrence of ulcer (evidence Level B). […] Sclerotherapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level C). […] Phlebotonics may be effective in the prevention of venous ulcers (evidence Level D).

• #20 Venous Leg Ulcer and Compression Therapy – Skin and Wound Care – LibGuides at Nova Scotia Health

  https://library.nshealth.ca/WoundCare/VenousLegUlcer

  Venous leg ulcers can be prevented through effective management strategies. […] Compression therapy is the cornerstone of venous ulcer management. High compression is better than low, and low compression is better than none; the best compression is the one the patient will wear. […] Compression therapy helps reduce the ambulatory venous pressure; it improves the calf-muscle pump function and decreases reflux in the malfunctioning veins, reducing edema. […] Elevation can mobilize fluid out of the legs. During elevation the feet must be above the hip joint to be adequate to mobilize fluid, for patients who can tolerate that position. […] Frequent 20-30 minute episodes of elevation throughout the day are recommended. […] Exercises to stimulate the calf-muscle pump include ankle range of motion exercises and practicing proper gait. […] Pain control, co-morbidity management, and nutrition and hydration are essential factors in the prevention and management of venous leg ulcers.

• #21 Sustaining Behavior Changes Following a Venous Leg Ulcer Client Education Program

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/2/3/324

  Venous leg ulcers are a symptom of chronic insufficiency of the veins. The current best practice treatment of venous disease involves the use of compression therapy in conjunction with optimizing the conduct of a number of lifestyle behaviors. Standards for venous leg ulcer management and prevention advocate the use of the highest level of compression therapy tolerable, regular activity, leg elevation during periods of inactivity, heel raises and squats to strengthen the calf muscle, a healthy diet, adequate “good” fluid intake, and the use of a moisturizer and soap substitute to promote skin hydration. These treatments apply not only when an individual has a venous leg ulcer but also post-healing in order to prevent the ulcer from recurring. With a recurrence rate of 69%, repeated episodes of care is a significant issue for those affected and health professionals engaged in the wound management field.

• #22 Causes of Venous Ulcers and How to Prevent Them?

  https://www.drsumitkapadia.com/blog/causes-of-venous-ulcers-and-how-to-prevent-venous-ulcers/

  Compression stockings are designed to provide gradual compression from the ankle upwards. This helps promote blood flow from the legs back to the heart and can be a practical preventive measure, especially for those with a history of venous disease. […] By following these preventive measures, you can significantly lower your risk of developing venous ulcers. However, remember that if you notice any symptoms of venous ulcers, its important to seek medical attention promptly. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes and can prevent the progression of the condition. Prevention, combined with early detection, can make a considerable difference in managing your vascular health. […] Long periods of standing or sitting can increase the pressure in the veins in your legs, leading to vein problems over time. Try to move around every 30 minutes to maintain healthy blood flow.

• #23 How do I prevent a venous leg ulcer?: The Lindsay Leg Club Foundation

  https://www.legclub.org/leg-ulcers/how-do-i-prevent-a-venous-leg-ulcer

  Leg ulcers are common in the older adult population, but we can help to prevent breaks to the skin by following simple aspects of daily care. […] It is important to look after our skin and we can do this with a daily routine. […] Compression hosiery or wraps systems are recommended to aid vein health and reduce any symptoms associated with venous disease. […] Nutrition and hydration is vital for good skin health. […] Keep moving! All exercise is good for the circulation whether it is chair based, tapping the feet, or doing the waltz!

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Leg ulcers associated with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) are known to recur after healing. Recurrence can occur in patients treated conservatively or with surgery. Such recurrences in severe CVI may be as high as 37%, and it seems to be higher in patients treated without surgery and in those with deep venous insufficiency. Conservative hemodynamic correction may also be very effective in preventing recurrences and has lesser adverse effects than the surgery like venous stripping. Both treatment and prevention of recurrence of venous ulcers aims to reduce the pressure in the venous system of the lower limb. This can be accomplished by mainly by applying the compression stockings or hosieries on legs, surgical ablation of superficial and/or perforating veins or blocking any incompetent veins by injecting solutions (sclerotherapy). Several general measures such as exercise, limb elevation, and lifestyle modifications are likely to benefit.

• #25 Leg Ulcers: What Is It, Treatments, Causes and Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23329-leg-ulcers

  Leg ulcers commonly open up again after healing. These steps can lower the risk of getting a leg ulcer or a wound recurrence: […] Elevate your legs above your heart when you’re sitting or sleeping. Maintain a healthy weight and stay physically active. Manage health conditions that affect blood circulation, including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and Raynaud’s syndrome. Quit smoking and using tobacco products. Talk with your healthcare provider about ways to stop smoking. Use gentle (nondrying) cleansers, and apply moisturizing lotion to prevent dry skin. Wear compression stockings or bandages for an hour each day to improve blood flow to the legs.

• #26 Venous Leg Ulcer and Compression Therapy – Skin and Wound Care – LibGuides at Nova Scotia Health

  https://library.nshealth.ca/WoundCare/VenousLegUlcer

  Venous leg ulcers can be prevented through effective management strategies. […] Compression therapy is the cornerstone of venous ulcer management. High compression is better than low, and low compression is better than none; the best compression is the one the patient will wear. […] Compression therapy helps reduce the ambulatory venous pressure; it improves the calf-muscle pump function and decreases reflux in the malfunctioning veins, reducing edema. […] Elevation can mobilize fluid out of the legs. During elevation the feet must be above the hip joint to be adequate to mobilize fluid, for patients who can tolerate that position. […] Frequent 20-30 minute episodes of elevation throughout the day are recommended. […] Exercises to stimulate the calf-muscle pump include ankle range of motion exercises and practicing proper gait. […] Pain control, co-morbidity management, and nutrition and hydration are essential factors in the prevention and management of venous leg ulcers.

• #27 Venous Leg Ulcer and Compression Therapy – Skin and Wound Care – LibGuides at Nova Scotia Health

  https://library.nshealth.ca/WoundCare/VenousLegUlcer

  Venous leg ulcers can be prevented through effective management strategies. […] Compression therapy is the cornerstone of venous ulcer management. High compression is better than low, and low compression is better than none; the best compression is the one the patient will wear. […] Compression therapy helps reduce the ambulatory venous pressure; it improves the calf-muscle pump function and decreases reflux in the malfunctioning veins, reducing edema. […] Elevation can mobilize fluid out of the legs. During elevation the feet must be above the hip joint to be adequate to mobilize fluid, for patients who can tolerate that position. […] Frequent 20-30 minute episodes of elevation throughout the day are recommended. […] Exercises to stimulate the calf-muscle pump include ankle range of motion exercises and practicing proper gait. […] Pain control, co-morbidity management, and nutrition and hydration are essential factors in the prevention and management of venous leg ulcers.

• #28 Promoting Healthy Skin – 3. Venous Leg Ulcers – C. Prevention

  https://promoting-healthy-skin.qut.edu.au/m3_prevention.html

  Once you have learned how to assess and manage a venous leg ulcer, there are some important evidence based strategies that you can put in place to reduce the risk of the leg ulcer recurring. These include the following: […] After healing, the use of graduated compression stockings for life reduces ulcer recurrence rates. […] The key to preventing a venous leg ulcer from occurring or recurring is to check the skin daily. If a problem is detected, start treatment as early as possible […] Clients should do lower limb exercises, at least every hour. […] Elevate the affected limb at least 3 – 4 times every day for at least 15 minutes each time to help reduce high blood pressure in the lower legs and reduce swelling. […] Crossing the legs reduces the blood flow back to the heart and so clients should avoid doing this.

• #29

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (evidence Level D). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (evidence Level D). […] General measures such as diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (evidence Level D). […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level B). […] Venous surgery reduces the chances of recurrence of ulcer (evidence Level B). […] Sclerotherapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level C). […] Phlebotonics may be effective in the prevention of venous ulcers (evidence Level D).

• #30

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/leg-ulcer/prevention/

  You can help reduce your risk of developing a venous leg ulcer in several ways, such as wearing a compression stocking, losing weight and taking care of your skin. […] If you had a venous leg ulcer before or you’re at risk of developing one, treatment with compression stockings may be recommended by your GP. […] If you’re obese or overweight, losing weight can help treat and prevent venous leg ulcers. […] Excess weight leads to high pressure in the veins in your legs, which can damage your skin. […] Treating severe varicose veins may help prevent leg swelling or ulcers.

• #31

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/venous-leg-ulcer/prevention/

  People most at risk of developing a venous leg ulcer are those who have previously had a leg ulcer. […] You can help reduce your risk of developing a venous leg ulcer by: wearing a compression stocking, losing weight, taking care of your skin. […] To prevent or reduce the risk of the ulcer recurring, your GP will usually recommend compression stockings if you had a venous leg ulcer before or if you’re at risk of developing a venous leg ulcer. […] If you’re overweight or obese, losing weight can help treat and prevent venous leg ulcers. […] Venous ulcers are much more common among people who are overweight.

• #32 Venous ulcers – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/venous-ulcers-self-care

  If you are at risk for venous ulcers, take the steps listed above under Wound Care. Also, check your feet and legs every day: the tops and bottoms, ankles, and heels. Look for cracks and changes in skin color. […] Lifestyle changes can help prevent venous ulcers. The following measures may help improve blood flow and aid healing. […] Keep the skin of your lower legs well moisturized. […] Quit smoking. Smoking is bad for your blood vessels. […] If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar level under control. This will help you heal faster. […] Exercise as much as you can. Staying active helps with blood flow. […] Eat healthy foods and get plenty of sleep at night. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Manage your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

• #33 Causes of Venous Ulcers and How to Prevent Them?

  https://www.drsumitkapadia.com/blog/causes-of-venous-ulcers-and-how-to-prevent-venous-ulcers/

  Smoking can affect your blood vessels and impede circulation. Quitting smoking can improve your vascular health and reduce the risk of venous ulcers. […] A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can contribute to overall health and help maintain a healthy weight. Moreover, adequate hydration can improve circulation. […] Regular check-ups with a vascular specialist, like Dr Sumit Kapadia, can help monitor your vascular health, particularly if you have conditions like varicose veins or a history of venous disease.

• #34 Causes of Venous Ulcers and How to Prevent Them?

  https://www.drsumitkapadia.com/blog/causes-of-venous-ulcers-and-how-to-prevent-venous-ulcers/

  Smoking can affect your blood vessels and impede circulation. Quitting smoking can improve your vascular health and reduce the risk of venous ulcers. […] A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can contribute to overall health and help maintain a healthy weight. Moreover, adequate hydration can improve circulation. […] Regular check-ups with a vascular specialist, like Dr Sumit Kapadia, can help monitor your vascular health, particularly if you have conditions like varicose veins or a history of venous disease.

• #35 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  The educational sessions will follow a standardized protocol. […] The pathophysiological reasons why clients should be wearing compression stockings will be explained. […] Patients will be advised to elevate their feet to heart level at least 2h per day. […] Patients will be educated to eat a protein-rich diet.

• #36 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  The educational sessions will follow a standardized protocol. […] The pathophysiological reasons why clients should be wearing compression stockings will be explained. […] Patients will be advised to elevate their feet to heart level at least 2h per day. […] Patients will be educated to eat a protein-rich diet.

• #37 How do I prevent a venous leg ulcer?: The Lindsay Leg Club Foundation

  https://www.legclub.org/leg-ulcers/how-do-i-prevent-a-venous-leg-ulcer

  Leg ulcers are common in the older adult population, but we can help to prevent breaks to the skin by following simple aspects of daily care. […] It is important to look after our skin and we can do this with a daily routine. […] Compression hosiery or wraps systems are recommended to aid vein health and reduce any symptoms associated with venous disease. […] Nutrition and hydration is vital for good skin health. […] Keep moving! All exercise is good for the circulation whether it is chair based, tapping the feet, or doing the waltz!

• #38 Venefit Procedure for Treating Ulcers in the Bay Area

  https://www.cvvcenters.com/venefit-procedure-for-treating-ulcers/

  There are several steps you can take to decrease your likelihood of venous ulcers. This type of varicose ulcer can be extremely uncomfortable, so its best to do what you can to prevent its occurrence. Lifestyle changes, diet, and medications are some of the many ways one might prevent venous ulcers. Preventing vein problems is the first step to preventing venous ulcers. Venous ulcer prevention includes: […] Maintaining a healthy weight […] Quitting smoking […] Wearing compression stockings […] Getting plenty of regular exercise […] Keeping up with treatments for chronic conditions […] Taking blood thinners to avoid blood clots […] Reducing the amount of salt in your diet […] Keeping your legs elevated when you can.

• #39 Sustaining Behavior Changes Following a Venous Leg Ulcer Client Education Program

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/2/3/324

  Venous leg ulcers are a symptom of chronic insufficiency of the veins. The current best practice treatment of venous disease involves the use of compression therapy in conjunction with optimizing the conduct of a number of lifestyle behaviors. Standards for venous leg ulcer management and prevention advocate the use of the highest level of compression therapy tolerable, regular activity, leg elevation during periods of inactivity, heel raises and squats to strengthen the calf muscle, a healthy diet, adequate “good” fluid intake, and the use of a moisturizer and soap substitute to promote skin hydration. These treatments apply not only when an individual has a venous leg ulcer but also post-healing in order to prevent the ulcer from recurring. With a recurrence rate of 69%, repeated episodes of care is a significant issue for those affected and health professionals engaged in the wound management field.

• #40 Venous ulcers – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/venous-ulcers-self-care

  If you are at risk for venous ulcers, take the steps listed above under Wound Care. Also, check your feet and legs every day: the tops and bottoms, ankles, and heels. Look for cracks and changes in skin color. […] Lifestyle changes can help prevent venous ulcers. The following measures may help improve blood flow and aid healing. […] Keep the skin of your lower legs well moisturized. […] Quit smoking. Smoking is bad for your blood vessels. […] If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar level under control. This will help you heal faster. […] Exercise as much as you can. Staying active helps with blood flow. […] Eat healthy foods and get plenty of sleep at night. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Manage your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

• #41 Leg Ulcers: What Is It, Treatments, Causes and Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23329-leg-ulcers

  Leg ulcers commonly open up again after healing. These steps can lower the risk of getting a leg ulcer or a wound recurrence: […] Elevate your legs above your heart when you’re sitting or sleeping. Maintain a healthy weight and stay physically active. Manage health conditions that affect blood circulation, including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and Raynaud’s syndrome. Quit smoking and using tobacco products. Talk with your healthcare provider about ways to stop smoking. Use gentle (nondrying) cleansers, and apply moisturizing lotion to prevent dry skin. Wear compression stockings or bandages for an hour each day to improve blood flow to the legs.

• #42 Venous ulcers – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/venous-ulcers-self-care

  If you are at risk for venous ulcers, take the steps listed above under Wound Care. Also, check your feet and legs every day: the tops and bottoms, ankles, and heels. Look for cracks and changes in skin color. […] Lifestyle changes can help prevent venous ulcers. The following measures may help improve blood flow and aid healing. […] Keep the skin of your lower legs well moisturized. […] Quit smoking. Smoking is bad for your blood vessels. […] If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar level under control. This will help you heal faster. […] Exercise as much as you can. Staying active helps with blood flow. […] Eat healthy foods and get plenty of sleep at night. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Manage your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

• #43

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/leg-ulcer

  To prevent and promote healing of ulcers: […] Wear at least Grade 2 support stockings (compression hosiery) if your doctor has advised these. This is particularly important for the post-thrombotic syndrome, leg swelling or discomfort, and for long-distance flights. […] Compression therapy is an important part of the management of venous leg ulcers and chronic swelling of the lower leg. Compression results in healing of 40-70% of chronic venous ulcers within 12 weeks. […] Avoid injury, particularly when pushing a supermarket trolley. Consider protective shin splints. […] Walk and exercise for at least an hour a day to keep the calf muscle pump working properly. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Stop smoking. […] Check your feet and legs regularly. Look for cracks, sores or changes in colour. Moisturise after bathing. […] Have a vascular ultrasound assessment and consult a vascular surgeon to determine whether any vein treatment should be carried out. […] Horse chestnut extract appears to be of benefit for at least some patients with venous disease.

• #44 Promoting Healthy Skin – 3. Venous Leg Ulcers – C. Prevention

  https://promoting-healthy-skin.qut.edu.au/m3_prevention.html

  Once you have learned how to assess and manage a venous leg ulcer, there are some important evidence based strategies that you can put in place to reduce the risk of the leg ulcer recurring. These include the following: […] After healing, the use of graduated compression stockings for life reduces ulcer recurrence rates. […] The key to preventing a venous leg ulcer from occurring or recurring is to check the skin daily. If a problem is detected, start treatment as early as possible […] Clients should do lower limb exercises, at least every hour. […] Elevate the affected limb at least 3 – 4 times every day for at least 15 minutes each time to help reduce high blood pressure in the lower legs and reduce swelling. […] Crossing the legs reduces the blood flow back to the heart and so clients should avoid doing this.

• #45 Venous Ulcer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23165-venous-ulcer

  Preventive care can help you avoid a venous stasis ulcer. If you’ve had one in the past, these steps can lower the risk of ulcers recurring (returning) after treatment. […] Venous ulcer prevention includes: […] Keeping up with treatments for chronic conditions like high blood pressure that affect vein health. […] Maintaining a healthy weight. […] Quitting smoking. […] Taking blood thinners (anticoagulants), if prescribed, to avoid blood clots.

• #46 Venous ulcers – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/venous-ulcers-self-care

  If you are at risk for venous ulcers, take the steps listed above under Wound Care. Also, check your feet and legs every day: the tops and bottoms, ankles, and heels. Look for cracks and changes in skin color. […] Lifestyle changes can help prevent venous ulcers. The following measures may help improve blood flow and aid healing. […] Keep the skin of your lower legs well moisturized. […] Quit smoking. Smoking is bad for your blood vessels. […] If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar level under control. This will help you heal faster. […] Exercise as much as you can. Staying active helps with blood flow. […] Eat healthy foods and get plenty of sleep at night. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Manage your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

• #47 Venous ulcers – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/venous-ulcers-self-care

  If you are at risk for venous ulcers, take the steps listed above under Wound Care. Also, check your feet and legs every day: the tops and bottoms, ankles, and heels. Look for cracks and changes in skin color. […] Lifestyle changes can help prevent venous ulcers. The following measures may help improve blood flow and aid healing. […] Keep the skin of your lower legs well moisturized. […] Quit smoking. Smoking is bad for your blood vessels. […] If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar level under control. This will help you heal faster. […] Exercise as much as you can. Staying active helps with blood flow. […] Eat healthy foods and get plenty of sleep at night. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Manage your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

• #48 Venous ulcers – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/venous-ulcers-self-care

  If you are at risk for venous ulcers, take the steps listed above under Wound Care. Also, check your feet and legs every day: the tops and bottoms, ankles, and heels. Look for cracks and changes in skin color. […] Lifestyle changes can help prevent venous ulcers. The following measures may help improve blood flow and aid healing. […] Keep the skin of your lower legs well moisturized. […] Quit smoking. Smoking is bad for your blood vessels. […] If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar level under control. This will help you heal faster. […] Exercise as much as you can. Staying active helps with blood flow. […] Eat healthy foods and get plenty of sleep at night. […] Lose weight if you are overweight. […] Manage your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

• #49 Venous Ulcer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23165-venous-ulcer

  Preventive care can help you avoid a venous stasis ulcer. If you’ve had one in the past, these steps can lower the risk of ulcers recurring (returning) after treatment. […] Venous ulcer prevention includes: […] Keeping up with treatments for chronic conditions like high blood pressure that affect vein health. […] Maintaining a healthy weight. […] Quitting smoking. […] Taking blood thinners (anticoagulants), if prescribed, to avoid blood clots.

• #50

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (evidence Level D). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (evidence Level D). […] General measures such as diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (evidence Level D). […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level B). […] Venous surgery reduces the chances of recurrence of ulcer (evidence Level B). […] Sclerotherapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level C). […] Phlebotonics may be effective in the prevention of venous ulcers (evidence Level D).

• #51 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  Successful educational interventions are described in populations with other conditions like diabetes mellitus or asthma. […] The few studies available show that the recurrence rate can be reduced by up to nine times by providing education. […] A randomized controlled trial showed that by educating the patient, the recurrence rate was reduced from 36% to 4% within 1 year. […] The educational intervention will be developed at the School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Geneva. The content of this educational tool is to improve patients knowledge and self-efficacy and subsequently adherence to comprehensive treatments such as compression therapy, leg elevation, physical activity and nutrition. […] The intervention will consist of giving patients an opportunity to learn about the use of compression bandages, wearing and putting on compression stockings, physical activity, good skin care and a high-protein, vitamin-rich diet.

• #52 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  Successful educational interventions are described in populations with other conditions like diabetes mellitus or asthma. […] The few studies available show that the recurrence rate can be reduced by up to nine times by providing education. […] A randomized controlled trial showed that by educating the patient, the recurrence rate was reduced from 36% to 4% within 1 year. […] The educational intervention will be developed at the School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Geneva. The content of this educational tool is to improve patients knowledge and self-efficacy and subsequently adherence to comprehensive treatments such as compression therapy, leg elevation, physical activity and nutrition. […] The intervention will consist of giving patients an opportunity to learn about the use of compression bandages, wearing and putting on compression stockings, physical activity, good skin care and a high-protein, vitamin-rich diet.

• #53 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  Successful educational interventions are described in populations with other conditions like diabetes mellitus or asthma. […] The few studies available show that the recurrence rate can be reduced by up to nine times by providing education. […] A randomized controlled trial showed that by educating the patient, the recurrence rate was reduced from 36% to 4% within 1 year. […] The educational intervention will be developed at the School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Geneva. The content of this educational tool is to improve patients knowledge and self-efficacy and subsequently adherence to comprehensive treatments such as compression therapy, leg elevation, physical activity and nutrition. […] The intervention will consist of giving patients an opportunity to learn about the use of compression bandages, wearing and putting on compression stockings, physical activity, good skin care and a high-protein, vitamin-rich diet.

• #54 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  Successful educational interventions are described in populations with other conditions like diabetes mellitus or asthma. […] The few studies available show that the recurrence rate can be reduced by up to nine times by providing education. […] A randomized controlled trial showed that by educating the patient, the recurrence rate was reduced from 36% to 4% within 1 year. […] The educational intervention will be developed at the School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Geneva. The content of this educational tool is to improve patients knowledge and self-efficacy and subsequently adherence to comprehensive treatments such as compression therapy, leg elevation, physical activity and nutrition. […] The intervention will consist of giving patients an opportunity to learn about the use of compression bandages, wearing and putting on compression stockings, physical activity, good skin care and a high-protein, vitamin-rich diet.

• #55 A targeted interprofessional educational intervention to address therapeutic adherence of venous leg ulcer persons (TIEIVLU): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3333-4

  Successful educational interventions are described in populations with other conditions like diabetes mellitus or asthma. […] The few studies available show that the recurrence rate can be reduced by up to nine times by providing education. […] A randomized controlled trial showed that by educating the patient, the recurrence rate was reduced from 36% to 4% within 1 year. […] The educational intervention will be developed at the School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Geneva. The content of this educational tool is to improve patients knowledge and self-efficacy and subsequently adherence to comprehensive treatments such as compression therapy, leg elevation, physical activity and nutrition. […] The intervention will consist of giving patients an opportunity to learn about the use of compression bandages, wearing and putting on compression stockings, physical activity, good skin care and a high-protein, vitamin-rich diet.

• #56 Health literacy in people with venous leg ulcers: a protocol for scoping review | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/5/e044604

  Improvements in general and specific HL may improve patient knowledge and understanding of the benefits of adhering to VLU self-management recommendations and support patients to adopt healthy behaviours in line with the agreed plan. For example, when choosing compression hosiery, patients may rely on HL to critique the options based on their analysis of comfort which may be opposed to achieving maximum therapeutic benefit. Furthermore, HL may enhance their compression application skills due to improved understanding of the manufacturers instructions. Finally, improved HL may influence patient understanding that lifelong compression hosiery is recommended to prevent VLU recurrence.

• #57

  https://journals.lww.com/idoj/fulltext/2014/05030/prevention_of_venous_leg_ulcer_recurrence.44.aspx

  Progressive resistance exercise can be considered in patients as a measure to prevent recurrences (evidence Level D). […] Elevation of lower limb may reduce recurrence of venous ulcer (evidence Level D). […] General measures such as diet modifications, nutritional supplements, cessation of smoking, weight reduction, maintaining a healthy cardiac status, and strong psychosocial supports can be practiced to prevent leg ulcers (evidence Level D). […] Continued use of compression therapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level B). […] Venous surgery reduces the chances of recurrence of ulcer (evidence Level B). […] Sclerotherapy reduces the risk of venous ulcer recurrence (evidence Level C). […] Phlebotonics may be effective in the prevention of venous ulcers (evidence Level D).

• #58 Venous Ulcers: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0901/p298.html

  Venous ulcers are the most common type of chronic lower extremity ulcers, affecting 1% to 3% of the U.S. population. […] Current evidence supports treatment of venous ulcers with compression therapy, exercise, dressings, pentoxifylline, and tissue products. […] Early venous ablation and surgical intervention to correct superficial venous reflux can improve healing and decrease recurrence rates. […] Compression therapy is beneficial for venous ulcer treatment and is the standard of care. […] Early endovenous ablation to correct superficial venous reflux improves ulcer healing rates. […] The recurrence rate of venous ulcers has been reported as high as 70%. […] Venous intervention and long-term use of compression stockings are important for preventing recurrence, and leg elevation can be beneficial when used with compression stockings. […] Exercise should be encouraged to improve calf muscle pump function. […] Good social support and self-efficacy have also been shown to help prevent venous ulcer recurrence.

• #59 Causes of Venous Ulcers and How to Prevent Them?

  https://www.drsumitkapadia.com/blog/causes-of-venous-ulcers-and-how-to-prevent-venous-ulcers/

  Smoking can affect your blood vessels and impede circulation. Quitting smoking can improve your vascular health and reduce the risk of venous ulcers. […] A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can contribute to overall health and help maintain a healthy weight. Moreover, adequate hydration can improve circulation. […] Regular check-ups with a vascular specialist, like Dr Sumit Kapadia, can help monitor your vascular health, particularly if you have conditions like varicose veins or a history of venous disease.

• #60 Venous ulcer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_ulcer

  Compression stockings appear to prevent the formation of new ulcers in people with a history of venous ulcers. […] The NICE guideline recommends that everyone with a venous leg ulcer, even if healed, should be referred to a vascular specialist for venous duplex ultrasound and assessment for endovenous surgery. […] Exercise, together with compression stockings, increases healing. […] Most venous ulcers respond to patient education, elevation of foot, elastic compression, and evaluation (known as the Bisgaard regimen). […] Compression therapy is used for venous leg ulcers and can decrease blood vessel diameter and pressure, which increases their effectiveness, preventing blood from flowing backwards. […] A 2021 systematic review found that compression dressings probably reduce pain and help ulcers to heal more quickly (usually within 12 months) and may also improve quality of life. […] Good outcomes in ulcer treatment were shown after the application of double compression stockings, e.g. ulcer stockings.

• #61 Patients with chronic venous insufficiency can prevent leg ulcers with simple yet effective interventions | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/health-professionals/progressnotes/2023/winter/wound-prevention

  Patients with chronic venous insufficiency can prevent leg ulcers with simple yet effective interventions. But with simple self-monitoring of skin temperature and by using a cooling pack during temperature spikes, these patients can prevent wounds and take back control of their lives. Kelechi and her colleagues found that increased temperatures in localized regions of the skin can serve as a warning sign for intervention. Specifically, an increase of 3-4F over one or two days or a 24-hour dip and spike can indicate a skin area that is at risk for ulceration. Patients take their own skin temperature on the vulnerable areas of their legs daily for 30 days to establish a baseline. Once they have their baseline, if they notice an increase in temperature for a day or two they start to treat the area with a cooling gel pack. This simple intervention is performed as an addition to the standard of care for people with CVI, which includes compression via stockings or wraps, elevation and extra vigilance to avoid scratches, bumps or other injuries. In Kelechi’s studies with patients, those who did not follow the monitoring and cooling process were more than twice as likely to develop ulcers as those who stuck with the procedure at least 85% of the time. Moreover, the cooling process decreased many other symptoms, including pain, itching, tingling and cramping. When patients have the power to manage their own disease in simple ways, they can feel like they have their lives back.

• #62 Patients with chronic venous insufficiency can prevent leg ulcers with simple yet effective interventions | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/health-professionals/progressnotes/2023/winter/wound-prevention

  Patients with chronic venous insufficiency can prevent leg ulcers with simple yet effective interventions. But with simple self-monitoring of skin temperature and by using a cooling pack during temperature spikes, these patients can prevent wounds and take back control of their lives. Kelechi and her colleagues found that increased temperatures in localized regions of the skin can serve as a warning sign for intervention. Specifically, an increase of 3-4F over one or two days or a 24-hour dip and spike can indicate a skin area that is at risk for ulceration. Patients take their own skin temperature on the vulnerable areas of their legs daily for 30 days to establish a baseline. Once they have their baseline, if they notice an increase in temperature for a day or two they start to treat the area with a cooling gel pack. This simple intervention is performed as an addition to the standard of care for people with CVI, which includes compression via stockings or wraps, elevation and extra vigilance to avoid scratches, bumps or other injuries. In Kelechi’s studies with patients, those who did not follow the monitoring and cooling process were more than twice as likely to develop ulcers as those who stuck with the procedure at least 85% of the time. Moreover, the cooling process decreased many other symptoms, including pain, itching, tingling and cramping. When patients have the power to manage their own disease in simple ways, they can feel like they have their lives back.

• #63 Prevent Venous Ulcers: Effective Strategies For Leg Health

  https://www.usaveinclinics.com/blog/venous-ulcers-ultimate-guide-to-leg-foot-ulcers/

  Another important tip for how to prevent venous ulcers is to be physically active. Exercising regularly and moving around frequently throughout the day can help prevent venous ulcers from developing. […] Eating a healthy diet is another expert tip for how to prevent leg ulcers. A healthy diet includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, low-fat dairy products, and healthy fats. […] If you suffer from leg swelling and other symptoms of vein disease, especially if you spend a lot of time standing or sitting, talk to your doctor about using compression socks. […] Elevating your legs and feet can boost blood circulation, bringing relief to venous symptoms and preventing leg ulcers. […] Therefore, another one of our tips for how to prevent venous ulcers is to quit smoking. […] Timely vein treatment can prevent venous ulcers.

• #64 Patients with chronic venous insufficiency can prevent leg ulcers with simple yet effective interventions | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/health-professionals/progressnotes/2023/winter/wound-prevention

  Patients with chronic venous insufficiency can prevent leg ulcers with simple yet effective interventions. But with simple self-monitoring of skin temperature and by using a cooling pack during temperature spikes, these patients can prevent wounds and take back control of their lives. Kelechi and her colleagues found that increased temperatures in localized regions of the skin can serve as a warning sign for intervention. Specifically, an increase of 3-4F over one or two days or a 24-hour dip and spike can indicate a skin area that is at risk for ulceration. Patients take their own skin temperature on the vulnerable areas of their legs daily for 30 days to establish a baseline. Once they have their baseline, if they notice an increase in temperature for a day or two they start to treat the area with a cooling gel pack. This simple intervention is performed as an addition to the standard of care for people with CVI, which includes compression via stockings or wraps, elevation and extra vigilance to avoid scratches, bumps or other injuries. In Kelechi’s studies with patients, those who did not follow the monitoring and cooling process were more than twice as likely to develop ulcers as those who stuck with the procedure at least 85% of the time. Moreover, the cooling process decreased many other symptoms, including pain, itching, tingling and cramping. When patients have the power to manage their own disease in simple ways, they can feel like they have their lives back.

• #65 Overview of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers: a US perspective

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3930479/

  Comprehensive care of chronic venous insufficiency and associated ulcers requires a multipronged and interprofessional approach to care. A comprehensive treatment approach includes exercise, nutritional assessment, compression therapy, vascular reconstruction, and advanced treatment modalities. The purpose of this paper is to review present guidelines for prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers as followed in the US. […] The purpose of this paper is to review the guidelines for prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers as followed in the US. […] Guidelines identify compression bandaging as a central component of the standard of care for individuals with a venous leg ulcer (level A). A 2012 Cochrane review found that venous leg ulcers heal more quickly when treated with compression therapy.

• #66 Overview of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of venous leg | JMDH

  https://www.dovepress.com/overview-of-guidelines-for-the-prevention-and-treatment-of-venous-leg–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDH

  Comprehensive care of chronic venous insufficiency and associated ulcers requires a multipronged and interprofessional approach to care. […] The purpose of this paper is to review present guidelines for prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers as followed in the US. […] The guidelines still recommend a nutritional assessment when caring for patients with venous leg ulcers (level B). […] Guidelines identify compression bandaging as a central component of the standard of care for individuals with a venous leg ulcer (level A). […] The AAWC guidelines encourage providers to consider skin replacement when there is no improvement in a venous leg ulcer after 30 days. […] The AAWC recognizes that intermittent pneumatic compression heals venous leg ulcers better than no compression (level A). […] After the wound has healed, there is ample evidence to support lifelong use of compression stockings to minimize ulcer recurrence.

• #67 Leg Ulcers: Prevention, Cause and Treatment – B. Braun

  https://www.bbraun.com/en/products-and-solutions/therapies/wound-management/leg-ulcers.html

  Prevention and intensive management are key in venous leg ulcer treatment, especially since the recurrence rate of up to 17 percent within one year is challenging. […] For this reason, numerous guidelines have been developed, but unfortunately some heterogeneity exists. Nevertheless, consensus could be reached in most cases: […] Use a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare experts such as vascular surgeons, angiologists, primary care physicians, and nurses. […] Take a detailed history and perform a comprehensive physical examination. […] Perform compression therapy, topical treatments, dressings, antimicrobials.

• #68 Venous leg ulcer prevention 1: identifying patients who are at risk | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/tissue-viability-and-wound-care/venous-leg-ulcer-prevention-1-identifying-patients-who-are-at-risk-28-05-2019/

  Lower-leg ulceration affects around 1.5% of adults in the UK, with 730,000 people having often painful and debilitating leg wounds (Guest et al, 2015). […] All nurses have a vital role in identifying patients at risk of ulceration and supporting them to take preventative action to prevent skin breakdown. […] Given how distressing and debilitating leg ulcers are for patients, and how expensive and time consuming they are for the NHS, preventative strategies are needed. Nurses should be aware of the risk factors such as lower-limb oedema, skin changes and varicose veins and actively assess patients risk of developing ulceration before implementing prevention strategies. This should include assessing their overall risk factors and identifying those that are modifiable. […] Compression therapy plays an important role in prevention as, it directly affects venous and lymphatic return, improving microcirculation and reducing local inflammation (Lim et al, 2018). […] Nurses should actively assess patients legs for signs of venous disease and oedema, and undertake opportunistic assessment whenever possible. Ensuring appropriate early intervention will improve patient outcomes and result in significant cost savings to health services.

• #69 Simplifying venous leg ulcer management: consensus recommendations – Wounds International

  https://woundsinternational.com/consensus-documents/simplifying-venous-leg-ulcer-management-consensus-recommendations/

  Many countries have published guidelines, which state that compression therapy is the gold standard treatment for venous leg ulcers. Compression therapy is known to significantly increase VLU healing rates and reduce the risk of recurrence. […] Their discussions centred on identifying how to encourage wider adoption of compression therapy by simplifying the key principles involved. […] We need to actively seek to enhance affected patients lives by improving healing rates through increased appropriate use of compression therapy.

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