Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prognosis and Outcome – Legionella.org

  https://legionella.org/about-the-disease/what-is-legionnaires-disease/prognosis-and-outcome/

  Legionnaires’ disease is a severe, often lethal, form of pneumonia. […] If the patient is treated with appropriate antibiotics near the onset of pneumonia, the outcome is excellent, especially if the patient has no underlying illness that compromises his/her immune system. For patients whose immune systems are compromised, including transplant recipients, delay of appropriate therapy can result in prolonged hospitalization, complications, and death. […] For those patients who are discharged from the hospital, we have found that many will experience fatigue, loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating for several months after discharge from the hospital. […] Serious sequelae, fortunately, are rare. In our experience, most patients will recover completely within one year.

• #2 Validating a clinical prediction score for Legionella-related community acquired pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9081661/

  Legionella-related community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, especially if empirical antibiotic therapy is inadequate. […] This multi-centre study validates the Legionella prediction score, an easily applicable diagnostic scoring system, in a large group of patients and finds high diagnostic accuracy. […] Legionella-related CAP is a disease with a high mortality rate and increasing incidence. […] This six-items prediction score detects Legionella related CAP infections with a high specificity of 93.1% (sensitivity 58.8%) in patients who score positive for at least four items.

• #3 Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever) – Overview | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/legionnaires-disease

  Legionnaires’ disease is a serious, potentially deadly, lung infection (i.e., pneumonia); and Pontiac Fever is a less serious infection with milder symptoms similar to the flu (i.e., seasonal influenza). […] Around 6,000 Legionnaires’ disease cases are reported each year in the United States. However, scientists believe the reported totals are much lower than the actual cases due in part to the difficulty in distinguishing Legionnaires’ disease from other types of pneumonia. The most recent U.S. population-based study estimated that 8,000-18,000 people are hospitalized each year with Legionnaires’ disease. […] Legionnaires’ disease is treatable with antibiotics. […] Legionnaires’ disease is a serious condition with a 10-percent death rate.

• #4 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The prognosis of patients with Legionnaires disease is highly variable. Severe infections, particularly in the presence of advancing age, immunosuppression, and delayed diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, increase the risk of clinical complications. Nearly all patients with documented L pneumophila pneumonia require hospitalization; 50% require intensive care. The reported case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease in the United States is approximately 10% but varies widely with the source and setting of the infection. The case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease acquired in a healthcare facility approaches 46%, whereas the rate associated with infections acquired during travel or outbreaks ranges from 5% to 15%. In elderly patients, regardless of the infectious source or setting, the mortality rate varies between 10% and 50%.

• #5 About Legionnaires’ Disease | Legionella | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html

  Legionnaires’ disease requires treatment with antibiotics. Most cases of this illness can be treated successfully. Identifying and treating the illness early can increase the chances of getting better. […] Healthy people usually get better after being sick with Legionnaires’ disease, but they often need care in a hospital. […] About 1 out of every 10 people who gets sick with Legionnaires’ disease will die due to complications from their illness. For those who get Legionnaires’ disease during a stay in a healthcare facility, about 1 out of every 4 will die.

• #6 Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever) – Overview | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/legionnaires-disease

  Legionnaires’ disease is a serious, potentially deadly, lung infection (i.e., pneumonia); and Pontiac Fever is a less serious infection with milder symptoms similar to the flu (i.e., seasonal influenza). […] Around 6,000 Legionnaires’ disease cases are reported each year in the United States. However, scientists believe the reported totals are much lower than the actual cases due in part to the difficulty in distinguishing Legionnaires’ disease from other types of pneumonia. The most recent U.S. population-based study estimated that 8,000-18,000 people are hospitalized each year with Legionnaires’ disease. […] Legionnaires’ disease is treatable with antibiotics. […] Legionnaires’ disease is a serious condition with a 10-percent death rate.

• #7 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The prognosis of patients with Legionnaires disease is highly variable. Severe infections, particularly in the presence of advancing age, immunosuppression, and delayed diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, increase the risk of clinical complications. Nearly all patients with documented L pneumophila pneumonia require hospitalization; 50% require intensive care. The reported case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease in the United States is approximately 10% but varies widely with the source and setting of the infection. The case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease acquired in a healthcare facility approaches 46%, whereas the rate associated with infections acquired during travel or outbreaks ranges from 5% to 15%. In elderly patients, regardless of the infectious source or setting, the mortality rate varies between 10% and 50%.

• #8 Legionnaires’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_disease

  The fatality rate of Legionnaires’ disease has ranged from 530% during various outbreaks and approaches 50% for nosocomial infections, especially when treatment with antibiotics is delayed. Hospital-acquired Legionella pneumonia has a fatality rate of 28%, and the principal source of infection in such cases is the drinking-water distribution system. […] The mortality at the original American Legion convention in 1976 was high (29 deaths in 182 infected individuals) because the antibiotics used (including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides) had poor intracellular penetration. Mortality has plunged to less than 5% if therapy is started quickly. Delay in giving the appropriate antibiotic leads to higher mortality.

• #9 Legionnaires Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220163-overview

  Recovery is variable in Legionnaires disease (LD); some patients experience rapid improvement, whereas others have a much more protracted course despite treatment. The mortality rate approaches 50% with nosocomial infections. […] Progressive respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with Legionella pneumonia. However, the mortality rate depends on the comorbid conditions of the patient, as well as on the choice and timeliness of antibiotics administration. The site of acquisition (eg, nosocomial, community-acquired) also may affect the outcome.

• #10 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The prognosis of patients with Legionnaires disease is highly variable. Severe infections, particularly in the presence of advancing age, immunosuppression, and delayed diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, increase the risk of clinical complications. Nearly all patients with documented L pneumophila pneumonia require hospitalization; 50% require intensive care. The reported case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease in the United States is approximately 10% but varies widely with the source and setting of the infection. The case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease acquired in a healthcare facility approaches 46%, whereas the rate associated with infections acquired during travel or outbreaks ranges from 5% to 15%. In elderly patients, regardless of the infectious source or setting, the mortality rate varies between 10% and 50%.

• #11 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The prognosis of patients with Legionnaires disease is highly variable. Severe infections, particularly in the presence of advancing age, immunosuppression, and delayed diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, increase the risk of clinical complications. Nearly all patients with documented L pneumophila pneumonia require hospitalization; 50% require intensive care. The reported case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease in the United States is approximately 10% but varies widely with the source and setting of the infection. The case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease acquired in a healthcare facility approaches 46%, whereas the rate associated with infections acquired during travel or outbreaks ranges from 5% to 15%. In elderly patients, regardless of the infectious source or setting, the mortality rate varies between 10% and 50%.

• #12 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The severity and stage of infection at the time of therapeutic intervention significantly affect outcomes. Patients with mild or moderate symptoms who are diagnosed and initiate treatment before progressing to severe pneumonia or developing systemic complications have better outcomes. Men, patients of either sex aged 50 years or older, those with underlying malignancy or immunosuppression, and patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease have higher morbidity and mortality rates from L pneumophila infection. Outcomes are also worse for patients who develop clinical complications such as respiratory failure, septic shock, acute kidney injury, or multiple organ failure. Delays in diagnosis or therapeutic intervention significantly worsen patient outcomes.

• #13 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #14 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #15 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The severity and stage of infection at the time of therapeutic intervention significantly affect outcomes. Patients with mild or moderate symptoms who are diagnosed and initiate treatment before progressing to severe pneumonia or developing systemic complications have better outcomes. Men, patients of either sex aged 50 years or older, those with underlying malignancy or immunosuppression, and patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease have higher morbidity and mortality rates from L pneumophila infection. Outcomes are also worse for patients who develop clinical complications such as respiratory failure, septic shock, acute kidney injury, or multiple organ failure. Delays in diagnosis or therapeutic intervention significantly worsen patient outcomes.

• #16 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #17 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The severity and stage of infection at the time of therapeutic intervention significantly affect outcomes. Patients with mild or moderate symptoms who are diagnosed and initiate treatment before progressing to severe pneumonia or developing systemic complications have better outcomes. Men, patients of either sex aged 50 years or older, those with underlying malignancy or immunosuppression, and patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease have higher morbidity and mortality rates from L pneumophila infection. Outcomes are also worse for patients who develop clinical complications such as respiratory failure, septic shock, acute kidney injury, or multiple organ failure. Delays in diagnosis or therapeutic intervention significantly worsen patient outcomes.

• #18 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #19 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The severity and stage of infection at the time of therapeutic intervention significantly affect outcomes. Patients with mild or moderate symptoms who are diagnosed and initiate treatment before progressing to severe pneumonia or developing systemic complications have better outcomes. Men, patients of either sex aged 50 years or older, those with underlying malignancy or immunosuppression, and patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease have higher morbidity and mortality rates from L pneumophila infection. Outcomes are also worse for patients who develop clinical complications such as respiratory failure, septic shock, acute kidney injury, or multiple organ failure. Delays in diagnosis or therapeutic intervention significantly worsen patient outcomes.

• #20 Legionnaires’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_disease

  The fatality rate of Legionnaires’ disease has ranged from 530% during various outbreaks and approaches 50% for nosocomial infections, especially when treatment with antibiotics is delayed. Hospital-acquired Legionella pneumonia has a fatality rate of 28%, and the principal source of infection in such cases is the drinking-water distribution system. […] The mortality at the original American Legion convention in 1976 was high (29 deaths in 182 infected individuals) because the antibiotics used (including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides) had poor intracellular penetration. Mortality has plunged to less than 5% if therapy is started quickly. Delay in giving the appropriate antibiotic leads to higher mortality.

• #21 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The severity and stage of infection at the time of therapeutic intervention significantly affect outcomes. Patients with mild or moderate symptoms who are diagnosed and initiate treatment before progressing to severe pneumonia or developing systemic complications have better outcomes. Men, patients of either sex aged 50 years or older, those with underlying malignancy or immunosuppression, and patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease have higher morbidity and mortality rates from L pneumophila infection. Outcomes are also worse for patients who develop clinical complications such as respiratory failure, septic shock, acute kidney injury, or multiple organ failure. Delays in diagnosis or therapeutic intervention significantly worsen patient outcomes.

• #22 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #23 Legionnaires Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220163-overview

  Recovery is variable in Legionnaires disease (LD); some patients experience rapid improvement, whereas others have a much more protracted course despite treatment. The mortality rate approaches 50% with nosocomial infections. […] Progressive respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with Legionella pneumonia. However, the mortality rate depends on the comorbid conditions of the patient, as well as on the choice and timeliness of antibiotics administration. The site of acquisition (eg, nosocomial, community-acquired) also may affect the outcome.

• #24 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #25 Legionnaires’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_disease

  The fatality rate of Legionnaires’ disease has ranged from 530% during various outbreaks and approaches 50% for nosocomial infections, especially when treatment with antibiotics is delayed. Hospital-acquired Legionella pneumonia has a fatality rate of 28%, and the principal source of infection in such cases is the drinking-water distribution system. […] The mortality at the original American Legion convention in 1976 was high (29 deaths in 182 infected individuals) because the antibiotics used (including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides) had poor intracellular penetration. Mortality has plunged to less than 5% if therapy is started quickly. Delay in giving the appropriate antibiotic leads to higher mortality.

• #26 Legionnaires’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_disease

  The fatality rate of Legionnaires’ disease has ranged from 530% during various outbreaks and approaches 50% for nosocomial infections, especially when treatment with antibiotics is delayed. Hospital-acquired Legionella pneumonia has a fatality rate of 28%, and the principal source of infection in such cases is the drinking-water distribution system. […] The mortality at the original American Legion convention in 1976 was high (29 deaths in 182 infected individuals) because the antibiotics used (including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides) had poor intracellular penetration. Mortality has plunged to less than 5% if therapy is started quickly. Delay in giving the appropriate antibiotic leads to higher mortality.

• #27 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #28 Prognosis and Outcome – Legionella.org

  https://legionella.org/about-the-disease/what-is-legionnaires-disease/prognosis-and-outcome/

  Legionnaires’ disease is a severe, often lethal, form of pneumonia. […] If the patient is treated with appropriate antibiotics near the onset of pneumonia, the outcome is excellent, especially if the patient has no underlying illness that compromises his/her immune system. For patients whose immune systems are compromised, including transplant recipients, delay of appropriate therapy can result in prolonged hospitalization, complications, and death. […] For those patients who are discharged from the hospital, we have found that many will experience fatigue, loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating for several months after discharge from the hospital. […] Serious sequelae, fortunately, are rare. In our experience, most patients will recover completely within one year.

• #29 Prognosis and Outcome – Legionella.org

  https://legionella.org/about-the-disease/what-is-legionnaires-disease/prognosis-and-outcome/

  Legionnaires’ disease is a severe, often lethal, form of pneumonia. […] If the patient is treated with appropriate antibiotics near the onset of pneumonia, the outcome is excellent, especially if the patient has no underlying illness that compromises his/her immune system. For patients whose immune systems are compromised, including transplant recipients, delay of appropriate therapy can result in prolonged hospitalization, complications, and death. […] For those patients who are discharged from the hospital, we have found that many will experience fatigue, loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating for several months after discharge from the hospital. […] Serious sequelae, fortunately, are rare. In our experience, most patients will recover completely within one year.

• #30 Validating a clinical prediction score for Legionella-related community acquired pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9081661/

  Legionella-related community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, especially if empirical antibiotic therapy is inadequate. […] This multi-centre study validates the Legionella prediction score, an easily applicable diagnostic scoring system, in a large group of patients and finds high diagnostic accuracy. […] Legionella-related CAP is a disease with a high mortality rate and increasing incidence. […] This six-items prediction score detects Legionella related CAP infections with a high specificity of 93.1% (sensitivity 58.8%) in patients who score positive for at least four items.

• #31 Validating a clinical prediction score for Legionella-related community acquired pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9081661/

  Legionella-related community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, especially if empirical antibiotic therapy is inadequate. […] This multi-centre study validates the Legionella prediction score, an easily applicable diagnostic scoring system, in a large group of patients and finds high diagnostic accuracy. […] Legionella-related CAP is a disease with a high mortality rate and increasing incidence. […] This six-items prediction score detects Legionella related CAP infections with a high specificity of 93.1% (sensitivity 58.8%) in patients who score positive for at least four items.

• #32 Legionnaires Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/

  The prognosis of patients with Legionnaires disease is highly variable. Severe infections, particularly in the presence of advancing age, immunosuppression, and delayed diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, increase the risk of clinical complications. Nearly all patients with documented L pneumophila pneumonia require hospitalization; 50% require intensive care. The reported case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease in the United States is approximately 10% but varies widely with the source and setting of the infection. The case fatality rate of Legionnaires disease acquired in a healthcare facility approaches 46%, whereas the rate associated with infections acquired during travel or outbreaks ranges from 5% to 15%. In elderly patients, regardless of the infectious source or setting, the mortality rate varies between 10% and 50%.

• #33 About Legionnaires’ Disease | Legionella | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html

  Legionnaires’ disease requires treatment with antibiotics. Most cases of this illness can be treated successfully. Identifying and treating the illness early can increase the chances of getting better. […] Healthy people usually get better after being sick with Legionnaires’ disease, but they often need care in a hospital. […] About 1 out of every 10 people who gets sick with Legionnaires’ disease will die due to complications from their illness. For those who get Legionnaires’ disease during a stay in a healthcare facility, about 1 out of every 4 will die.

• #34 Legionnaires Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220163-overview

  Recovery is variable in Legionnaires disease (LD); some patients experience rapid improvement, whereas others have a much more protracted course despite treatment. The mortality rate approaches 50% with nosocomial infections. […] Progressive respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with Legionella pneumonia. However, the mortality rate depends on the comorbid conditions of the patient, as well as on the choice and timeliness of antibiotics administration. The site of acquisition (eg, nosocomial, community-acquired) also may affect the outcome.

• #35 Legionella Infection: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview

  With early initiation of appropriate therapy, most patients experience defervescence and symptomatic improvement within 3-5 days. Factors that predict a poor outcome include advanced age, underlying disease (including prematurity), delayed therapy, and respiratory failure. Subsequent episodes are rare. […] The mortality rate in patients with Legionnaires disease is 5-80%, depending on certain risk factors. The factors associated with high mortality rates include the following: Age (especially those younger than 1 year and elderly patients), Predisposing underlying conditions, such as chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancies, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, Nosocomial acquisition, Delayed initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy. […] The following complications may persist for weeks to months after disease onset: Empyema, Pulmonary cavitation, Bullous emphysema, Renal failure, Memory loss, Fatigue, Neurologic disorders, Multiorgan failure. Legionnaires disease can be fatal.

• #36 Prognosis and Outcome – Legionella.org

  https://legionella.org/about-the-disease/what-is-legionnaires-disease/prognosis-and-outcome/

  Legionnaires’ disease is a severe, often lethal, form of pneumonia. […] If the patient is treated with appropriate antibiotics near the onset of pneumonia, the outcome is excellent, especially if the patient has no underlying illness that compromises his/her immune system. For patients whose immune systems are compromised, including transplant recipients, delay of appropriate therapy can result in prolonged hospitalization, complications, and death. […] For those patients who are discharged from the hospital, we have found that many will experience fatigue, loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating for several months after discharge from the hospital. […] Serious sequelae, fortunately, are rare. In our experience, most patients will recover completely within one year.

• #37 Legionnaires’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_disease

  The fatality rate of Legionnaires’ disease has ranged from 530% during various outbreaks and approaches 50% for nosocomial infections, especially when treatment with antibiotics is delayed. Hospital-acquired Legionella pneumonia has a fatality rate of 28%, and the principal source of infection in such cases is the drinking-water distribution system. […] The mortality at the original American Legion convention in 1976 was high (29 deaths in 182 infected individuals) because the antibiotics used (including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides) had poor intracellular penetration. Mortality has plunged to less than 5% if therapy is started quickly. Delay in giving the appropriate antibiotic leads to higher mortality.

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